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327200.9821Metagenome-Assembled Genomes of Pig Fecal Samples in Nine European Countries: Insights into Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Viruses. Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the health and productivity of pigs. However, the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and viruses within the pig intestinal microbiota poses significant threats to animal and public health. This study utilized 181 pig samples from nine European countries and employed metagenomic assembly methods to investigate the dynamics and distribution of ARGs and viruses within the pig intestinal microbiota, aiming to observing their associations with potential bacterial hosts. We identified 4605 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), corresponding to 19 bacterial phyla, 97 families, 309 genera, and a total of 449 species. Additionally, 44 MAGs were classified as archaea. Analysis of ARGs revealed 276 ARG types across 21 ARG classes, with Glycopeptide being the most abundant ARG class, followed by the class of Multidrug. Treponema D sp016293915 was identified as a primary potential bacterial host for Glycopeptide. Aligning nucleotide sequences with a viral database, we identified 1044 viruses. Among the viral genome families, Peduoviridae and Intestiviridae were the most prevalent, with CAG-914 sp000437895 being the most common potential host species for both. These findings highlight the importance of MAGs in enhancing our understanding of the gut microbiome, revealing microbial diversity, antibiotic resistance, and virus-bacteria interactions. The data analysis for the article was based on the public dataset PRJEB22062 in the European Nucleotide Archive.202439770612
658410.9818Microbiome and Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Dynamics in International Travelers. We used metagenomic next-generation sequencing to longitudinally assess the gut microbiota and antimicrobial resistomes of international travelers to clarify global exchange of resistant organisms. Travel resulted in an increase in antimicrobial resistance genes and a greater proportion of Escherichia species within gut microbial communities without impacting diversity.201931211676
324720.9817Metagenome-wide characterization of shared antimicrobial resistance genes in sympatric people and lemurs in rural Madagascar. BACKGROUND: Tracking the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria is critical to reduce global morbidity and mortality associated with human and animal infections. There is a need to understand the role that wild animals in maintenance and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). METHODS: This study used metagenomics to identify and compare the abundance of bacterial species and ARGs detected in the gut microbiomes from sympatric humans and wild mouse lemurs in a forest-dominated, roadless region of Madagascar near Ranomafana National Park. We examined the contribution of human geographic location toward differences in ARG abundance and compared the genomic similarity of ARGs between host source microbiomes. RESULTS: Alpha and beta diversity of species and ARGs between host sources were distinct but maintained a similar number of detectable ARG alleles. Humans were differentially more abundant for four distinct tetracycline resistance-associated genes compared to lemurs. There was no significant difference in human ARG diversity from different locations. Human and lemur microbiomes shared 14 distinct ARGs with highly conserved in nucleotide identity. Synteny of ARG-associated assemblies revealed a distinct multidrug-resistant gene cassette carrying dfrA1 and aadA1 present in human and lemur microbiomes without evidence of geographic overlap, suggesting that these resistance genes could be widespread in this ecosystem. Further investigation into intermediary processes that maintain drug-resistant bacteria in wildlife settings is needed.202439099658
327430.9815Integrative metagenomic dissection of last-resort antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in hospital wastewaters. Hospital wastewater is a critical source of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which facilitates the proliferation and spread of clinically significant antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and pathogenic bacteria. This study utilized metagenomic approaches, including advanced binning techniques, such as MetaBAT2, MaxBin2, and CONCOCT, which offer significant improvements in accuracy and completeness over traditional binning methods. These methods were used to comprehensively assess the dynamics and composition of resistomes and mobilomes in untreated wastewater samples taken from two general hospitals and one cancer hospital. This study revealed a diverse bacterial landscape, largely consisting of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria, with notable variations in microbial composition among hospitals. Analysis of the top 15 genera showed unique microbial pattern distribution in each hospital: Aeromonas was predominant in 1stHWTS (49.39 %), Acidovorax in the CAHWTS at 16.85 %, and Escherichia and Bacteroides in the 2ndHWTS at 11.44 % and 11.33 %, respectively. A total of 114 pathogenic bacteria were identified, with drug-resistant Aeromonas caviae and Escherichia coli being the most prevalent. The study identified 34 types and 1660 subtypes of ARGs, including important last-resort antibiotic resistance genes (LARGs), such as bla(NDM), mcr, and tet(X). Using metagenomic binning, this study uncovered distinct patterns of host-resistance associations, particularly with Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Network analysis highlighted the complex interactions among ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and bacterial species, all contributing to the dissemination of AMR. These findings emphasize the intricate nature of AMR in hospital wastewater and the influence of hospital-specific factors on microbial resistance patterns. This study provides support for implementing integrated management strategies, including robust surveillance, advanced wastewater treatment, and strict antibiotic stewardship, to control the dissemination of AMR. Understanding the interplay among bacterial communities, ARGs, and MGEs is important for developing effective public health measures against AMR.202439067608
307840.9815Microbiome of Dipteran vectors associated with integron and antibiotic resistance genes in South Korea. The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across the environment and the role that organisms that interact with humans play as reservoirs of resistant bacteria pose important threats to public health. Flies are two-winged insects composing the order Diptera, which includes synanthropic species with significant ecological roles as pollinators, vectors, and decomposers. Here, we used iSeq100 metabarcoding to characterize the microbiome of six dipteran species in South Korea: Lucilia sericata, Lucilia illustris, Culex pipiens, Aedes vexans, Psychoda alternata and Clogmia albipunctata. We profiled a panel of common ARGs and performed correlation network analysis of the microbiome and resistome to identify co-occurrence patterns of bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and resistance genes. We detected blaTEM, ermB, tetB, tetC, aac(6')-Ib-cr, cat2, sul1, qepA, int1 and int2, but no blaSHV, mecA, tetA or cat1. Notably, co-occurrence analysis showed highly mobile genes such as qepA, ermB and sul1 were associated with integron of class 1 integrase presence. These, along with aac(6')-Ib-cr were detected at higher rates across multiple species. Microbiome composition was distinct across species. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium, Clostridium, Ignatzschineria, Bacteroides, Streptococcus, Treponema and Dietzia showed strong co-occurrence with multiple ARGs. This study contributes to the understanding of the role of dipterans as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance.202541046045
254150.9815Increased antibiotic resistance in preterm neonates under early antibiotic use. The standard use of antibiotics in newborns to empirically treat early-onset sepsis can adversely affect the neonatal gut microbiome, with potential long-term health impacts. Research into the escalating issue of antimicrobial resistance in preterm infants and antibiotic practices in neonatal intensive care units is limited. A deeper understanding of the effects of early antibiotic intervention on antibiotic resistance in preterm infants is crucial. This retrospective study employed metagenomic sequencing to evaluate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the meconium and subsequent stool samples of preterm infants enrolled in the Routine Early Antibiotic Use in Symptomatic Preterm Neonates study. Microbial metagenomics was conducted using a subset of fecal samples from 30 preterm infants for taxonomic profiling and ARG identification. All preterm infants exhibited ARGs, with 175 unique ARGs identified, predominantly associated with beta-lactam, tetracycline, and aminoglycoside resistance. Notably, 23% of ARGs was found in preterm infants without direct or intrapartum antibiotic exposure. Post-natal antibiotic exposure increases beta-lactam/tetracycline resistance while altering mechanisms that aid bacteria in withstanding antibiotic pressure. Microbial profiling revealed 774 bacterial species, with antibiotic-naive infants showing higher alpha diversity (P = 0.005) in their microbiota and resistome compared with treated infants, suggesting a more complex ecosystem. High ARG prevalence in preterm infants was observed irrespective of direct antibiotic exposure and intensifies with age. Prolonged membrane ruptures and maternal antibiotic use during gestation and delivery are linked to alterations in the preterm infant resistome and microbiome, which are pivotal in shaping the ARG profiles in the neonatal gut.This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02784821. IMPORTANCE: A high burden of antibiotic resistance in preterm infants poses significant challenges to neonatal health. The presence of antibiotic resistance genes, along with alterations in signaling, energy production, and metabolic mechanisms, complicates treatment strategies for preterm infants, heightening the risk of ineffective therapy and exacerbating outcomes for these vulnerable neonates. Despite not receiving direct antibiotic treatment, preterm infants exhibit a concerning prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This underscores the complex interplay of broader influences, including maternal antibiotic exposure during and beyond pregnancy and gestational complications like prolonged membrane ruptures. Urgent action, including cautious antibiotic practices and enhanced antenatal care, is imperative to protect neonatal health and counter the escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance in this vulnerable population.202439373498
317960.9813Deciphering the mobility, pathogenic hosts, and co-selection of antibiotic resistance genes in untreated wastewater from three different hospitals. OBJECTIVE: Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in hospital wastewater pose significant environmental and public health risks, yet the co-selection mechanisms involving metal/biocide resistance genes (MRGs/BRGs) and the role of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) remain poorly characterized. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the abundance, mobility, pathogenic hosts, and co-selection patterns of ARGs, MRGs, and BRGs in untreated wastewater from three types of hospitals. METHODS: Untreated wastewater samples from nine sources across three hospital types (general, traditional Chinese medicine, and dental) were analyzed using metagenomic sequencing and assembly. ARGs, MRGs, and BRGs were identified via the SARG and BacMet databases. ARG hosts, mobility, and MGE co-occurrence were analyzed using PlasFlow and MOB-suite, with risk levels evaluated alongside pathogenic bacteria databases. RESULTS: A total of 1911 ARGs (222 subtypes), 1662 MRGs (167 subtypes), and 916 BRGs (139 subtypes) were detected. Tetracycline, multidrug, and β-lactam resistance genes were predominant, with 46.43 % of ARGs being plasmid-associated. Key pathogens including Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterococcus spp. harbored high-risk ARGs such as KPC-2 and NDM-1. Notably, 76.2 % of ARGs in traditional Chinese medicine hospital wastewater were classified as high-risk. Significant co-occurrence of ARGs with MGEs (e.g., DDE recombinases) and MRGs/BRGs was observed, underscoring the role of horizontal gene transfer and co-selection. CONCLUSION: Untreated hospital wastewater represents a significant reservoir of ARGs, with risks exacerbated by pathogenic hosts, MGE-mediated HGT, and metal/biocide co-selection. These findings underscore the urgent need for optimized wastewater treatment strategies to curb the spread of antibiotic resistance and inform future intervention efforts.202541067299
322970.9813Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Microbiota in Brassica oleracea var. acephala Cultivated in South Korea: Potential for Resistance Transmission. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical global public health challenge. This study investigates the microbiome of Brassica oleracea var. acephala (kale) to evaluate the role of food production systems, particularly plant-derived foods, in AMR dissemination. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic shotgun sequencing, we analyzed microbial diversity and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in kale samples. Results showed significant regional differences in microbiota composition and ARG distribution, with traditional fertilizer use linked to higher ARG prevalence in coliform bacteria compared to farms using other fertilization methods. Additionally, we confirmed ARG transfer potential by Klebsiella pneumoniae within coliform populations. Storage conditions notably affected microbial dynamics, with higher temperatures promoting K. pneumoniae growth in washed samples. These findings revealed the importance of AMR research in plant-derived foods and highlight the need for improved agricultural practices to mitigate the risks associated with high ARG abundance in coliform bacteria.202539772525
669280.9813An omics-based framework for investigating the emerging antibiotic resistance gene: The case of estT. The escalating prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a global public health crisis. This is exacerbated by the continuous emergence of new variants and the discovery of previously unrecognized antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). While advanced AMR surveillance efforts include time-consuming epidemiological investigations and retrospective analyses, critical gaps often remain towards our understanding of the sources of newly identified ARGs. Here, we established a framework integrating omics-based epidemiological investigations, genomic feature analysis of ARGs-carrying bacteria and evolution analysis of novel ARGs. We took the novel resistance gene estT as an example and analyzed it following this framework. Our study revealed that the estT gene was widely prevalent, capable of cross-phyla transmission, and predominantly present in human- and animal-derived bacteria. We explored the genomic characteristics of estT-positive Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Mannheimia haemolytica, and Riemerella anatipestifer, uncovering their public health risks. Evolution analysis of estT homologs found historical connections between estTs and tet(X)s. This study provides a systematic strategy for the proactive surveillance of emerging ARGs, enabling omics-data-driven monitoring of ARG evolution and dissemination to mitigate the escalating crisis of AMR.202541160932
322390.9813A cross-sectional comparison of gut metagenomes between dairy workers and community controls. BACKGROUND: As a nexus of routine antibiotic use and zoonotic pathogen presence, the livestock farming environment is a potential hotspot for the emergence of zoonotic diseases and antibiotic resistant bacteria. Livestock can further facilitate disease transmission by serving as intermediary hosts for pathogens before a spillover event. In light of this, we aimed to characterize the microbiomes and resistomes of dairy workers, whose exposure to the livestock farming environment places them at risk for facilitating community transmission of antibiotic resistant genes and emerging zoonotic diseases. RESULTS: Using shotgun sequencing, we investigated differences in the taxonomy, diversity and gene presence of 10 dairy farm workers and 6 community controls' gut metagenomes, contextualizing these samples with additional publicly available gut metagenomes. We found no significant differences in the prevalence of resistance genes, virulence factors, or taxonomic composition between the two groups. The lack of statistical significance may be attributed, in part, to the limited sample size of our study or the potential similarities in exposures between the dairy workers and community controls. We did, however, observe patterns warranting further investigation including greater abundance of tetracycline resistance genes and prevalence of cephamycin resistance genes as well as lower average gene diversity (even after accounting for differential sequencing depth) in dairy workers' metagenomes. We also found evidence of commensal organism association with tetracycline resistance genes in both groups (including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Ligilactobacillus animalis, and Simiaoa sunii). CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the utility of shotgun metagenomics in examining the microbiomes and resistomes of livestock workers, focusing on a cohort of dairy workers in the United States. While our study revealed no statistically significant differences between groups in taxonomy, diversity and gene presence, we observed patterns in antibiotic resistance gene abundance and prevalence that align with findings from previous studies of livestock workers in China and Europe. Our results lay the groundwork for future research involving larger cohorts of dairy and non-dairy workers to better understand the impact of occupational exposure to livestock farming on the microbiomes and resistomes of workers.202439033279
6686100.9812The Impact of Wastewater on Antimicrobial Resistance: A Scoping Review of Transmission Pathways and Contributing Factors. BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue driven by the overuse of antibiotics in healthcare, agriculture, and veterinary settings. Wastewater and treatment plants (WWTPs) act as reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The One Health approach emphasizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health in addressing AMR. This scoping review analyzes wastewater's role in the AMR spread, identifies influencing factors, and highlights research gaps to guide interventions. METHODS: This scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across the PubMed and Web of Science databases for articles published up to June 2024, supplemented by manual reference checks. The review focused on wastewater as a source of AMR, including hospital effluents, industrial and urban sewage, and agricultural runoff. Screening and selection were independently performed by two reviewers, with conflicts resolved by a third. RESULTS: Of 3367 studies identified, 70 met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicated that antibiotic residues, heavy metals, and microbial interactions in wastewater are key drivers of AMR development. Although WWTPs aim to reduce contaminants, they often create conditions conducive to horizontal gene transfer, amplifying resistance. Promising interventions, such as advanced treatment methods and regulatory measures, exist but require further research and implementation. CONCLUSIONS: Wastewater plays a pivotal role in AMR dissemination. Targeted interventions in wastewater management are essential to mitigate AMR risks. Future studies should prioritize understanding AMR dynamics in wastewater ecosystems and evaluating scalable mitigation strategies to support global health efforts.202540001375
6802110.9812Distinct species turnover patterns shaped the richness of antibiotic resistance genes on eight different microplastic polymers. Elucidating the formation mechanism of plastisphere antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) on different polymers is necessary to understand the ecological risks of plastisphere ARGs. Here, we explored the turnover and assembly mechanism of plastisphere ARGs on 8 different microplastic polymers (4 biodegradable (bMPs) and 4 non-biodegradable microplastics (nMPs)) by metagenomic sequencing. Our study revealed the presence of 479 ARGs with abundance ranging from 41.37 to 58.17 copies/16S rRNA gene in all plastispheres. These ARGs were predominantly multidrug resistance genes. The richness of plastisphere ARGs on different polymers had a significant correlation with the contribution of species turnover to plastisphere ARGs β diversity. Furthermore, polymer type was the most critical factor affecting the composition of plastisphere ARGs. More opportunistic pathogens carrying diverse ARGs on BMPs (PBAT, PBS, and PHA) with higher horizontal gene transfer potential may further magnify the ecological risks and human health threats. For example, the opportunistic pathogens Riemerella anatipestifer, Vibrio campbellii, and Vibrio cholerae are closely related to human production and life, which were the important potential hosts of many plastisphere ARGs and mobile genetic elements on BMPs. Thus, we emphasize the urgency of developing the formation mechanism of plastisphere ARGs and the necessity of controlling BMPs and ARG pollution, especially BMPs, with ever-increasing usage in daily life.202438971360
8187120.9812Racial disparities in metastatic colorectal cancer outcomes revealed by tumor microbiome and transcriptome analysis with bevacizumab treatment. Background: Metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a heterogeneous disease, often associated with poor outcomes and resistance to therapies. The racial variations in the molecular and microbiological profiles of mCRC patients, however, remain under-explored. Methods: Using RNA-SEQ data, we extracted and analyzed actively transcribing microbiota within the tumor milieu, ensuring that the identified bacteria were not merely transient inhabitants but engaged in the tumor ecosystem. Also, we independently acquired samples from 12 mCRC patients, specifically, 6 White individuals and 6 of Black or African American descent. These samples underwent 16S rRNA sequencing. Results: Our study revealed notable racial disparities in the molecular signatures and microbiota profiles of mCRC patients. The intersection of these data showcased the potential modulating effects of specific bacteria on gene expression. Particularly, the bacteria Helicobacter cinaedi and Sphingobium herbicidovorans emerged as significant influencers, with strong correlations to the genes SELENBP1 and SNORA38, respectively. Discussion: These findings underscore the intricate interplay between host genomics and actively transcribing tumor microbiota in mCRC's pathogenesis. The identified correlations between specific bacteria and genes highlight potential avenues for targeted therapies and a more personalized therapeutic approach.202338357363
6798130.9812Diet-driven diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in wild bats: implications for public health. Wild bats may serve as reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, potentially contributing to antibiotic resistance and pathogen transmission. However, current assessments of bats' antibiotic resistance potential are limited to culture-dependent bacterial snapshots. In this study, we present metagenomic evidence supporting a strong association between diet, gut microbiota, and the resistome, highlighting bats as significant vectors for ARG propagation. We characterized gut microbiota, ARGs, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in bats with five distinct diets: frugivory, insectivory, piscivory, carnivory, and sanguivory. Our analysis revealed high levels of ARGs in bat guts, with limited potential for horizontal transfer, encompassing 1106 ARGs conferring resistance to 26 antibiotics. Multidrug-resistant and polymyxin-resistant genes were particularly prevalent among identified ARG types. The abundance and diversity of ARGs/MGEs varied significantly among bats with different dietary habits, possibly due to diet-related differences in microbial composition. Additionally, genetic linkage between high-risk ARGs and multiple MGEs was observed on the genomes of various zoonotic pathogens, indicating a potential threat to human health from wild bats. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the resistome in wild bats and underscores the role of dietary habits in wildlife-associated public health risks.202539892320
6713140.9812Human Colonization with Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria from Nonoccupational Exposure to Domesticated Animals in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Critical Review. Data on community-acquired antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections are particularly sparse in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Limited surveillance and oversight of antibiotic use in food-producing animals, inadequate access to safe drinking water, and insufficient sanitation and hygiene infrastructure in LMICs could exacerbate the risk of zoonotic antibiotic resistance transmission. This critical review compiles evidence of zoonotic exchange of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) or antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within households and backyard farms in LMICs, as well as assesses transmission mechanisms, risk factors, and environmental transmission pathways. Overall, substantial evidence exists for exchange of antibiotic resistance between domesticated animals and in-contact humans. Whole bacteria transmission and horizontal gene transfer between humans and animals were demonstrated within and between households and backyard farms. Further, we identified water, soil, and animal food products as environmental transmission pathways for exchange of ARB and ARGs between animals and humans, although directionality of transmission is poorly understood. Herein we propose study designs, methods, and topical considerations for priority incorporation into future One Health research to inform effective interventions and policies to disrupt zoonotic antibiotic resistance exchange in low-income communities.202235947446
6506150.9812Mitigating antimicrobial resistance through effective hospital wastewater management in low- and middle-income countries. Hospital wastewater (HWW) is a significant environmental and public health threat, containing high levels of pollutants such as antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs), antibiotics, disinfectants, and heavy metals. This threat is of particular concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where untreated effluents are often used for irrigating vegetables crops, leading to direct and indirect human exposure. Despite being a potential hotspot for the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), existing HWW treatment systems in LMICs primarily target conventional pollutants and lack effective standards for monitoring the removal of ARB and ARGs. Consequently, untreated or inadequately treated HWW continues to disseminate ARB and ARGs, exacerbating the risk of AMR proliferation. Addressing this requires targeted interventions, including cost-effective treatment solutions, robust AMR monitoring protocols, and policy-driven strategies tailored to LMICs. This perspective calls for a paradigm shift in HWW management in LMIC, emphasizing the broader implementation of onsite treatment systems, which are currently rare. Key recommendations include developing affordable and contextually adaptable technologies for eliminating ARB and ARGs and enforcing local regulations for AMR monitoring and control in wastewater. Addressing these challenges is essential for protecting public health, preventing the environmental spread of resistance, and contributing to a global effort to preserve the efficacy of antibiotics. Recommendations include integrating scalable onsite technologies, leveraging local knowledge, and implementing comprehensive AMR-focused regulatory frameworks.202439944563
7646160.9811Assessment of Bacterial Community and Other Microorganism Along the Lam Takhong Watercourse, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Lam Takhong, a vital watercourse in Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand, supports agricultural, recreational, and urban activities. Originating in a national park, it flows through urban areas before discharging into a dam and running off via the sluice gate. While water quality monitoring is routine, microbial community data have never been reported. This study assesses the microorganism diversity and functional genes in Lam Takhong watercourse using a shotgun sequencing metagenomics approach. Water samples were collected from the upstream, midstream, and downstream sections. The midstream area exhibited the highest abundance of fecal coliform bacteria, plankton, and benthos, suggesting elevated pollution levels. Genes related to metabolism, particularly carbohydrate and amino acid pathways, were predominant. Proteobacteria was the most abundant phylum found in the water, with Limnohabitans as the dominant planktonic bacteria. Bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Mycobacterium, Escherichia, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Neisseria, Streptomyces, and Salmonella were detected, along with antibiotic resistance genes, raising public health concerns. These findings emphasize the need for microbial monitoring in the Lam Takhong to determine the potential water quality bioindicator and prevent potential disease spread through the water system.202540244481
7130170.9811Microbial community structure and resistome dynamics on elevator buttons in response to surface disinfection practices. BACKGROUND: Disinfectants have been extensively used in public environments since the COVID-19 outbreak to help control the spread of the virus. This study aims to investigate whether disinfectant use influences the structure of bacterial communities and contributes to bacterial resistance to disinfectants and antibiotics. METHODS: Using molecular biology techniques-including metagenomic sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR)-we analyzed the bacterial communities on elevator button surfaces from two tertiary hospitals, one infectious disease hospital, two quarantine hotels (designated for COVID-19 control), and five general hotels in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, during the COVID-19 pandemic. We focused on detecting disinfectant resistance genes (DRGs), antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). RESULTS: Significant differences were observed in the bacterial community structures on elevator button surfaces across the four types of environments. Quarantine hotels, which implemented the most frequent disinfection protocols, exhibited distinct bacterial profiles at the phylum, genus, and species levels. Both α-diversity (within-sample diversity) and β-diversity (between-sample diversity) were lower and more distinct in quarantine hotels compared to the other environments. The abundance of DRGs, ARGs, and MGEs was also significantly higher on elevator button surfaces in quarantine hotels. Notably, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs), including Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, were detected in all four settings. CONCLUSION: The structure of bacterial communities on elevator button surfaces varies across different environments, likely influenced by the frequency of disinfectant use. Increased resistance gene abundance in quarantine hotels suggests that disinfection practices may contribute to the selection and spread of resistant bacteria. Enhanced monitoring of disinfection effectiveness and refinement of protocols in high-risk environments such as hospitals and hotels are essential to limit the spread of resistant pathogens.202540520307
6656180.9811Understanding the Evolution and Transmission Dynamics of Antibiotic Resistance Genes: A Comprehensive Review. Antibiotic resistance poses a formidable challenge to global public health, necessitating comprehensive understanding and strategic interventions. This review explores the evolution and transmission dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes, with a focus on Bangladesh. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics, compounded by substandard formulations and clinical misdiagnosis, fuels the emergence and spread of resistance in the country. Studies reveal high resistance rates among common pathogens, emphasizing the urgent need for targeted interventions and rational antibiotic use. Molecular assessments uncover a diverse array of antibiotic resistance genes in environmental reservoirs, highlighting the complex interplay between human activities and resistance dissemination. Horizontal gene transfer mechanisms, particularly plasmid-mediated conjugation, facilitate the exchange of resistance determinants among bacterial populations, driving the evolution of multidrug-resistant strains. The review discusses clinical implications, emphasizing the interconnectedness of environmental and clinical settings in resistance dynamics. Furthermore, bioinformatic and experimental evidence elucidates novel mechanisms of resistance gene transfer, underscoring the dynamic nature of resistance evolution. In conclusion, combating antibiotic resistance requires a multifaceted approach, integrating surveillance, stewardship, and innovative research to preserve the efficacy of antimicrobial agents and safeguard public health.202439113256
3222190.9810Differences in gut metagenomes between dairy workers and community controls: a cross-sectional study. BACKGROUND: As a nexus of routine antibiotic use and zoonotic pathogen presence, the livestock farming environment is a potential hotspot for the emergence of zoonotic diseases and antibiotic resistant bacteria. Livestock can further facilitate disease transmission by serving as intermediary hosts for pathogens as they undergo evolution prior to a spillover event. In light of this, we are interested in characterizing the microbiome and resistome of dairy workers, whose exposure to the livestock farming environment places them at risk for facilitating community transmission of antibiotic resistant genes and emerging zoonotic diseases. RESULTS: Using shotgun sequencing, we investigated differences in the taxonomy, diversity and gene presence of the human gut microbiome of 10 dairy farm workers and 6 community controls, supplementing these samples with additional publicly available gut metagenomes. We observed greater abundance of tetracycline resistance genes and prevalence of cephamycin resistance genes in dairy workers' metagenomes, and lower average gene diversity. We also found evidence of commensal organism association with plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance genes in both dairy workers and community controls (including Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Ligilactobacillus animalis, and Simiaoa sunii). However, we did not find significant differences in the prevalence of resistance genes or virulence factors overall, nor differences in the taxonomic composition of dairy worker and community control metagenomes. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the first metagenomics analysis of United States dairy workers, providing insights into potential risks of exposure to antibiotics and pathogens in animal farming environments. Previous metagenomic studies of livestock workers in China and Europe have reported increased abundance and carriage of antibiotic resistance genes in livestock workers. While our investigation found no strong evidence for differences in the abundance or carriage of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors between dairy worker and community control gut metagenomes, we did observe patterns in the abundance of tetracycline resistance genes and the prevalence of cephamycin resistance genes that is consistent with previous work.202337215025