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348200.9949Metagenomic profiling of ARGs in airborne particulate matters during a severe smog event. Information is currently limited regarding the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in smog and their correlations with airborne bacteria. This study characterized the diversity and abundance of ARGs in the particulate matters (PMs) of severe smog based on publicly available metagenomic data, and revealed the occurrence of 205 airborne ARG subtypes, including 31 dominant ones encoding resistance to 11 antibiotic types. Among the detectable ARGs, tetracycline, β-lactam and aminoglycoside resistance genes had the highest abundance, and smog and soil had similar composition characteristics of ARGs. During the smog event, the total abundance of airborne ARGs ranged from 4.90 to 38.07ppm in PM(2.5) samples, and from 7.61 to 38.49ppm in PM(10) samples, which were 1.6-7.7 times and 2.1-5.1 times of those in the non-smog day, respectively. The airborne ARGs showed complicated co-occurrence patterns, which were heavily influenced by the interaction of bacterial community, and physicochemical and meteorological factors. Lactobacillus and sulfonamide resistance gene sul1 were determined as keystones in the co-occurrence network of microbial taxa and airborne ARGs. The results may help to understand the distribution patterns of ARGs in smog for the potential health risk evaluation.201829751438
716710.9948Occurrence and distribution of antibiotic pollution and antibiotic resistance genes in seagrass meadow sediments based on metagenomics. Seagrass meadows are one of the most important coastal ecosystems that provide essential ecological and economic services. The contamination levels of antibiotic and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in coastal ecosystems are severely elevated owing to anthropogenic disturbances, such as terrestrial input, aquaculture effluent, and sewage discharge. However, few studies have focused on the occurrence and distribution of antibiotics and their corresponding ARGs in this habitat. Thus, we investigated the antibiotic and ARGs profiles, microbial communities, and ARG-carrying host bacteria in typical seagrass meadow sediments collected from Swan Lake, Caofeidian shoal harbor, Qingdao Bay, and Sishili Bay in the Bohai Sea and northern Yellow Sea. The total concentrations of 30 detected antibiotics ranged from 99.35 to 478.02 μg/kg, tetracyclines were more prevalent than other antibiotics. Metagenomic analyses showed that 342 ARG subtypes associated with 22 ARG types were identified in the seagrass meadow sediments. Multidrug resistance genes and RanA were the most dominant ARG types and subtypes, respectively. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that Halioglobus, Zeaxanthinibacter, and Aureitalea may be potential hosts at the genus level, and the relative abundances of these bacteria were higher in Sishili Bay than those in other areas. This study provided important insights into the pollution status of antibiotics and ARGs in typical seagrass meadow sediments. Effective management should be performed to control the potential ecological health risks in seagrass meadow ecosystems.202438782270
350620.9947Occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in sediments in a semi-enclosed continental shelf sea. Extensive and improper overuse of antibiotics resulted in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). As the typical semi-enclosed continental shelf sea, the Bohai Sea has been considered as one of the most polluted marine areas in China. However, no comprehensive investigation on the spatial distribution of ARGs in sediments from the Bohai Sea has been reported. A large-scale sampling was performed in the Bohai Sea areas. The abundances of ARGs (6 classes, 29 ARG subtypes), class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1), hmt-DNA and 16S rRNA gene were evaluated. IntI1 was detected with higher abundances in coastal areas ranging from 2.8 × 10(5) to 2.5 × 10(8) copies/g. The total ARGs abundances varied over 3 orders of magnitude in different sampling sites with the maximum at 4.9 × 10(8) copies/g. Sulfonamides resistance genes were ubiquitous and abundant with the abundances ranging from 5.7 × 10(4) to 1.8 × 10(7) copies/g, and quinolones resistance genes varied greatly in different samples. The contour map demonstrated that ARGs were more abundant in the Laizhou Bay, the south of Bohai Bay and the eastern of central sea basin. Most of the target ARG subtypes were detected with 100% detection frequencies. The genes of sul1, sul2 and tetX were detected with both higher absolute and relative abundance, while the abundance of β-lactams ARG subtypes was lower. Principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that no significant differences in the ARGs abundance existed in different samples, and the sediment qualities played important roles in the distribution of ARGs. Bacterial communities were investigated and 768 strong and significant connections between ARGs and bacteria were identified. The possible hosts of ARGs were revealed by network analysis with higher relative abundance in coastal areas than the sea.202032325606
349930.9947Diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in mangrove area and their relationship with bacterial communities - A study in Hainan Island, China. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging contaminants in the environment and have been highlighted as a worldwide environmental and health concern. As important participants in the biogeochemical cycles, mangrove ecosystems are subject to various anthropogenic disturbances, and its microbiota may be affected by various contaminants such as ARGs. This study selected 13 transects of mangrove-covered areas in Hainan, China for sediment sample collection. The abundance and diversity of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were investigated using high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (HT-qPCR), and high-throughput sequencing was used to study microbial structure and diversity. A total of 179 ARGs belonging to 9 ARG types were detected in the study area, and the detection rates of vanXD and vatE-01 were 100%. The abundance of ARGs was 8.30 × 10(7)-6.88 × 10(8) copies per g sediment (1.27 × 10(-2)-3.39 × 10(-2) copies per 16S rRNA gene), which was higher than similar studies, and there were differences in the abundance of ARGs in these sampling transects. The multidrug resistance genes (MRGs) accounted for the highest proportion (69.0%), which indicates that the contamination of ARGs in the study area was very complicated. The ARGs significantly positively correlated with MGEs, which showed that the high level of ARGs was related to its self-enhancement. The dominant bacteria at the genus level were Desulfococcus, Clostridium, Rhodoplanes, Bacillus, Vibrio, Enterococcus, Sedimentibacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Paracoccus, Oscillospira, Mariprofundus, Sulfurimonas, Aminobacterium, and Novosphingobium. There was a significant positive correlation between 133 bacterial genera and some ARGs. Chthoniobacter, Flavisolibacter, Formivibrio, Kaistia, Moryella, MSBL3, Perlucidibaca, and Zhouia were the main potential hosts of ARGs in the sediments of Hainan mangrove area, and many of these bacteria are important participants in biogeochemical cycles. The results contribute to our understanding of the distribution and potential hosts of ARGs and provide a scientific basis for the protection and management of Hainan mangrove ecosystem.202133652188
715140.9947Pollution profiles of antibiotic resistance genes associated with airborne opportunistic pathogens from typical area, Pearl River Estuary and their exposure risk to human. To reveal the selective pressures of near-shore human activities on marine and continental bioaerosols, the pollution profile and potential exposure risk of airborne pathogens and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in Pearl River Estuaries (113.52 (o)E, 22.69 (o)N), a transitional zone between marine and continental environments, were fully explored. The results showed that the total bacteria among bioaerosols varied largely with average pollution levels of 1.86 × 10(5) and 4.35 × 10(4) cfu m(-3) in spring and summer, respectively, and were high than those of airborne fungi. The predominant aerodynamic diameters of bioaerosols were in respirable size range (<4.7 µm), and the microbes communities' diversity and abundance varied significantly. Besides, many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria (Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia, Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter) and fungi (Alternaria, Penicillium and Cladosporium) were dominant in bioaerosol samples. Of 21 ARGs subtypes detected, the tetracycline resistance gene tetA was the most abundant, followed by aminoglycoside resistance gene and mobile genetic elements. Correlation analysis revealed that the changes of pathogens community contributed significantly to the prevalence of ARGs in bioaerosol. Based on the average daily dose rates of microorganisms and human direct intake of ARGs, health risk of bioaerosols from the Pearl River Estuaries were also evaluated. In summary, the presence of opportunistic pathogens and diversity of ARGs strengthens the call to consider the bioaerosol in air quality monitoring and risk assessment in the future.202032645489
721450.9946Long-term application of fresh and composted manure increase tetracycline resistance in the arable soil of eastern China. The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence, abundance, and diversity of tetracycline resistance genes (tet) in agricultural soils after 6 years' application of fresh or composted swine manure. Soil samples were collected from fresh or composted manure-treated farmland at three depths (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-20 cm). Nine classes of tet genes [tetW, tetB(P), tetO, tetS, tetC, tetG, tetZ, tetL, and tetX] were detected; tetG, tetZ, tetL, and tetB(P) were predominant in the manure-treated soil. The abundances of tetB(P), tetW, tetC, and tetO were reduced, while tetG and tetL were increased by fertilizing with composted versus fresh manure; thus, the total abundance of tet genes was not significantly reduced by compost manuring. tetG was the most abundant gene in manure-treated soil; the predominant tetG genotypes shared high homology with pathogenic bacteria. The tetG isolates were more diverse in soils treated with fresh versus composted manure, although the residual tet genes in composted manure remain a pollutant and produce a different influence on the tet gene resistome in field soil.201525460961
350160.9946Microbial community and antibiotic resistance gene distribution in food waste, anaerobic digestate, and paddy soil. The study assessed the occurrence and distribution of microbial community and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in food waste, anaerobic digestate, and paddy soil samples, and revealed the potential hosts of ARGs and factors influencing their distribution. A total of 24 bacterial phyla were identified, of which 16 were shared by all samples, with Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria accounting for 65.9-92.3 % of the total bacterial community. Firmicutes was the most abundant bacteria in food waste and digestate samples, accounting for 33-83 % of the total microbial community. However, in paddy soil samples with digestate, Proteobacteria had the highest relative abundance of 38-60 %. Further, 22 ARGs were detected in food waste and digestate samples, with multidrug, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS), bacitracin, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, vancomycin, sulfonamide, and rifamycin resistance genes being the most abundant and shared by all samples. The highest total relative abundance of ARGs in food waste, digestate, and soil without and with digestate was detected in samples from January 2020, May 2020, October 2019, and May 2020, respectively. The MLS, vancomycin, tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and sulfonamide resistance genes had higher relative abundance in food waste and anaerobic digestate samples, whereas multidrug, bacteriocin, quinolone, and rifampin resistance genes were more abundant in paddy soil samples. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that aminoglycoside, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and rifamycin resistance genes were positively correlated with total ammonia nitrogen and pH of food waste and digestate samples. Vancomycin, multidrug, bacitracin, and fosmidomycin resistance genes had positive correlations with potassium, moisture, and organic matter in soil samples. The co-occurrence of ARG subtypes with bacterial genera was investigated using network analysis. Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Acidobacteria were identified as potential hosts of multidrug resistance genes.202337196953
350070.9946Shifts in bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance genes in surface water and gut microbiota of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in the upper Rio Uberabinha, Brazil. Anthropogenic activities especially water pollution can affect the diversity and composition of microbial communities and promote the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, water samples and guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were sampled from six sampling sites along the Uberabinha River in southeastern Brazil, both microbial communities and ARGs of surface waters and intestinal microbiota of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were detected. According to the results of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were dominant phyla in both water and intestinal microbiota, but the abundance of putative pathogens was higher at heavily polluted sites. Up to 83% of bacteria in intestinal microbiota originated from water microbiota; this proportion was relatively higher in less polluted compared to polluted environments. ARGs providing resistance of tetracyclines and quinolones were dominant in both water and gut microbiota. The relative abundances of class I integrons and ARGs were as high as 1.74 × 10(-1)/16S rRNA copies and 3.61 × 10(-1)/16S rRNA copies, respectively, at heavily polluted sites. Correlation analysis suggests that integrons and bacteria play key roles in explaining the widespread occurrence of ARGs in the surface, but not in intestinal microbiota. We could rule out the class I integrons a potential intermediary bridge for ARGs between both types of microbiomes. Our results highlight the tight link in microbial communities and ARGs between ambient microbiota of stream ecosystems and intestinal microbiota of fish. Our study could have far-reaching consequences for fisheries and consumer safety and calls for investigations of gut microbiota of target species of both commercial fisheries and recreational (hobby) angling.202133497859
802880.9946The fate of antibiotic resistance genes, microbial community, and potential pathogens in the maricultural sediment by live seaweeds and oxytetracycline. Three common seaweeds including Ulva fasciata, Codium cylindricum and Ishige okamurai were used for the remediation of maricultural wastewater and sediment in the presence/absence of trace level of oxytetracycline (OTC) in lab-scale experiments. Higher NO(3)(-)-N and PO(4)(3-)-P removal rates were achieved due to the presence of seaweeds, and trace OTC also had a positive effect on NO(3)(-)-N removal. A slight variation of 2.10-2.15% were observed in the total relative abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of different sediment samples after one-month operation. However, the variation of ARGs profiles by the co-existence of different seaweeds and OTC was in the descending order of Ishige okamurai > Codium cylindricum > Ulva fasciata, which was in accordance with the variation of microbial hosts at genus level. The abundance of dominant tetracycline resistance genes promoted by the co-existence of different seaweeds and OTC in compared with the presence of single seaweed or OTC via metagenomic sequencing and qPCR analysis, and the co-existence of Ishige okamurai and OTC exhibited the largest impact. The potential pathogens were more sensitive to the co-existence of seaweed and OTC than single seaweeds. Meanwhile, a variety of ARGs were enriched in the pathogens, and the dominant pathogenic bacteria of Vibrio had 133 Vibrio species with 28 subtypes of ARGs. The variation of ARGs profiles in the sediment were strongly related with the dominant phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes and Cyanobacteria. Besides, Nitrate level exhibited more significant effect on ∑ARGs, ARGs resistant to vancomycin and streptogramin_a, while phosphate level exhibited more positively significant effect on ARGs resistant to fosmidomycin, ATFBT and cephalosporin.202235780677
723490.9946Urban and agriculturally influenced water contribute differently to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in a mega-city river network. The widespread of water borne antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) represents a growing threat to the health of millions of people. Our study detected the relative abundances of 10 ARG subtypes in the Shanghai river network, where the major ARG components were strB, sul1, and ermB. These ARGs were significantly enriched by the combined sewage, tail water from urban wastewater treatment plant and runoff from agricultural areas, which reached the Suzhou (SZ), Dianpu (DP), and Huangpu (HP) River, respectively (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.01). The target ARGs were distributed in varying patterns across different rivers. bla(CTX-M) and bla(TEM) contributed to the increase of total ARGs in the rivers influenced by urban sources, particularly in the SZ River, whose distribution of ARGs was significantly related to that of the confluence of the whole river network (Mantel test, P < 0.01). The bacterial community was closely structured with ARGs and potential pathogenic bacteria's association with target ARGs became significant in downstream samples (Procrustes test, P = 0.03). Water near urban wastewater fallouts was observed to have the highest content of intl1 in the DP River, whose downstream samples' intl -ARG relationship fitted the same regression model as that of the network confluence (R = 0.84, P < 0.001). The amelioration of river water quality does not reduce ARGs, but may affect their distributional patterns in the river network in Shanghai.201931009830
6384100.9945Tidal flat aquaculture pollution governs sedimentary antibiotic resistance gene profiles but not bacterial community based on metagenomic data. Coastal tidal flats are intersection zones between terrestrial and marine environments and are considered repositories of pollutants from anthropogenic activities (e.g., fishery and aquaculture). Specifically, the prevalence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in coastal aquaculture environments pose critical threats to estuarine ecosystems. However, the contribution of aquaculture to the occurrence and abundance of ARGs and community assemblies has not been fully explored in tidal flat zones. Thus, we investigated ARGs profiles, ARG-carrying host bacteria, and their associate microbial community in the Dongtai and Sheyang tidal flat aquaculture regions of Jiangsu, China using metagenomic assembly methods. The antibiotic concentrations in the sediment samples ranged from nd to 35.50 ng/g dw, and the antibiotic pollution in the Dongtai tidal flat was more severe than in the Sheyang tidal flats. Metagenomic assembly indicated that a total of 247 ARG subtypes associated with ARG 33 types were characterized across all samples and their abundance in the Dongtai region exceeded that in the Sheyang region. Meanwhile, 21 bacteria in the tidal flat aquaculture were identified as ARG-carrying pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Vibrio fluvialis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Using neutral and null modeling analysis to determine the community ecological processes, the results revealed bacterial and ARG communities were generally dominated by stochastic and deterministic processes, respectively. The above results suggested that aquaculture pollution was contributed to shape ARG profiles in tidal flats. The observed deterministic processes affecting the ARG community in tidal flat aquaculture also provides an effective foundation to control the risks of environmental antibiotic resistance through reducing aquaculture antibiotic usage.202235421458
7738110.9945The microbiome and its association with antibiotic resistance genes in the hadal biosphere at the Yap Trench. The hadal biosphere, the deepest part of the ocean, is known as the least-explored aquatic environment and hosts taxonomically diverse microbial communities. However, the microbiome and its association with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the hadal ecosystem remain unknown. Here, we profiled the microbiome diversity and ARG occurrence in seawater and sediments of the Yap Trench (YT) using metagenomic sequencing. Within the prokaryote (bacteria and archaea) lineages, the main components of bacteria were Gammaproteobacteria (77.76 %), Firmicutes (8.36 %), and Alphaproteobacteria (2.25 %), whereas the major components of archaea were Nitrososphaeria (6.51 %), Nanoarchaeia (0.42 %), and Thermoplasmata (0.25 %), respectively. Taxonomy of viral contigs showed that the classified viral communities in YT seawater and sediments were dominated by Podoviridae (45.96 %), Siphoviridae (29.41 %), and Myoviridae (24.63 %). A large majority of viral contigs remained uncharacterized and exhibited endemicity. A total of 48 ARGs encoding resistance to 12 antibiotic classes were identified and their hosts were bacteria and viruses. Novel ARG subtypes mexF(YTV-1), mexF(YTV-2), mexF(YTV-3), vanR(YTV-1), vanS(YTV-1) (carried by unclassified viruses), and bacA(YTB-1) (carried by phylum Firmicutes) were detected in seawater samples. Overall, our findings imply that the hadal environment of the YT is a repository of viral and ARG diversity.202235870206
7211120.9945Contribution of Manure-Spreading Operations to Bioaerosols and Antibiotic Resistance Genes' Emission. Manure spreading from farm animals can release antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) carrying antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) into the air, posing a potential threat to human and animal health due to the intensive use of antibiotics in the livestock industry. This study analyzed the effect of different manure types and spreading methods on airborne bacterial emissions and antibiotic resistance genes in a controlled setting. Cow, poultry manure, and pig slurry were spread in a confined environment using two types of spreaders (splash plate and dribble bar), and the resulting emissions were collected before, during, and after spreading using high-volume air samplers coupled to a particle counter. Total bacteria, fecal indicators, and a total of 38 different subtypes of ARGs were further quantified by qPCR. Spreading poultry manure resulted in the highest emission rates of total bacteria (10(11) 16S gene copies/kg manure spread), Archaea (10(6) 16S gene copies/kg manure), Enterococcus (10(5) 16S gene copies/kg manure), and E. coli (10(4) 16S gene copies/kg manure), followed by cow manure and pig slurry with splash plates and the dribble bar. Manure spreading was associated with the highest rates of airborne aminoglycoside genes for cow and poultry (10(6) gene copies/kg manure), followed by pig slurry (10(4) gene copies/kg manure). This study shows that the type of manure and spreading equipment can affect the emission rates of airborne bacteria, and ARGs.202337512969
3498130.9945Comparative study on the bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance genes of urban landscape waters replenished by reclaimed water and surface water in Xi'an, China. Pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in urban landscape waters may pose a potential threat to human health. However, the investigation of their occurrence in the urban landscape waters replenished by reclaimed water (RW) and surface water (SW) is still insufficient. The water samples collected from six urban landscape waters replenished by RW or SW were used to analyze bacterial diversity using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and to detect 18 ARGs and 2 integron-integrase genes by means of quantitative PCR array. Results indicated that Proteobacteria was the dominant phylum in all six urban landscape waters. The bacterial species richness was lower in urban landscape waters replenished by RW than that by SW. Sulfonamide resistance genes (sulI and sulIII) were the major ARGs in these urban landscape waters. No significant difference in the relative abundance of sulfonamide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and most of beta-lactam resistance genes was observed between RW-replenished and SW-replenished urban landscape waters. By contrast, the relative abundance of bla(ampC) gene and qnrA gene in RW-replenished urban landscape waters was significantly higher than that in SW-replenished urban landscape waters (p < 0.05), which suggested that use of RW may increase the amount of specific ARGs to urban landscape waters. Interestingly, among six urban landscape waters, RW-replenished urban landscape waters had a relatively rich variety of ARGs (12-15 of 18 ARGs) but a low relative abundance of ARGs (458.90-1944.67 copies/16S × 10(6)). The RW replenishment was found to have a certain impact on the bacterial diversity and prevalence of ARGs in urban landscape waters, which provide new insight into the effect of RW replenishment on urban landscape waters.202133786766
7213140.9945Distribution characteristics of antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in fresh and composted manures of livestock farms. Livestock manure is a major reservoir of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study investigated the distribution characteristics of ARB, ARGs in fresh and composted manures of traditional breading industry in rural areas in China. Samples collected were naturally piled without professional composting, and will be applied to farmland. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed the presence of ten target ARGs and two mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the tested manure samples. The relative abundance of tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes (TRGs and SRGs) was generally higher than that of macrolide resistance genes (MRGs), followed by quinolone resistance genes (QRGs). There were significant positive correlations between the abundance of sul1, sul2, tetW and MGEs (intl1, intl2). In addition, the distribution of target ARGs was associated with the residual concentrations of doxycycline (DOX), sulfamethazine (SM2), enrofloxacin (ENR) and tylosin (TYL). Overall, a total of 24 bacterial genera were identified. The resistance rates of ARB were 17.79%-83.70% for SM2, followed 0.40%-63.77% for TYL, 0.36%-43.90% for DOX and 0.00%-13.36% for ENR, which showed a significant dose-effect. This study also demonstrated that the abundance of clinically relevant ARB and ARGs in chicken, swine and cow fresh manures significantly greater than that in composted manures, and chicken and swine manures had higher proportion of ARB and higher abundance of ARGs than that in cow manures.201931756854
8017150.9945Dose-Dependent Effect of Tilmicosin Residues on ermA Rebound Mediated by IntI1 in Pig Manure Compost. The impact of varying antibiotic residue levels on antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) removal during composting is still unclear. This study investigated the impact of different residue levels of tilmicosin (TIM), a common veterinary macrolide antibiotic, on ARG removal during pig manure composting. Three groups were used: the CK group (no TIM), the L group (246.49 ± 22.83 mg/kg TIM), and the H group (529.99 ± 16.15 mg/kg TIM). Composting removed most targeted macrolide resistance genes (MRGs) like ereA, ermC, and ermF (>90% removal), and reduced ermB, ermX, ermQ, acrA, acrB, and mefA (30-70% removal). However, ermA increased in abundance. TIM altered compost community structure, driving succession through a deterministic process. At low doses, TIM reduced MRG-bacteria co-occurrence, with horizontal gene transfer via intI1 being the main cause of ermA rebound. In conclusion, composting reduces many MRG levels in pig manure, but the persistence and rebound of genes like ermA reveal the complex interactions between composting conditions and microbial gene transfer.202541011454
7160160.9944High-throughput profiling of antibiotic resistance genes in the Yellow River of Henan Province, China. Profiling antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the Yellow River of China's Henan Province is essential for understanding the health risks of antibiotic resistance. The profiling of ARGs was investigated using high-throughput qPCR from water samples in seven representative regions of the Yellow River. The absolute and relative abundances of ARGs and moble genetic elements (MGEs) were higher in summer than in winter (ANOVA, p < 0.001). The diversity and abundance of ARGs were higher in the Yellow River samples from PY and KF than the other sites. Temperature (r = 0.470 ~ 0.805, p < 0.05) and precipitation (r = 0.492 ~ 0.815, p < 0.05) positively influenced the ARGs, while pH had a negative effect (r = - 0.462 ~ - 0.849, p < 0.05). Network analysis indicated that the pathogenic bacteria Rahnella, Bacillus, and Shewanella were the possible hub hosts of ARGs, and tnpA1 was the potential MGE hub. These findings provide insights into the factors influencing ARG dynamics and the complex interaction among the MGEs, pathogenic bacteria and environmental parameters in enriching ARGs in the Yellow River of Henan Province.202439080455
3489170.9944Metagenomics-based antibiotic resistance genes diversity and prevalence risk revealed by pathogenic bacterial host in Taihu Lake, China. In recent decades, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been regarded as emerging pollutants. In Taihu Lake, as a typical representative of freshwater system in China, the ARGs occurrence and abundance was of great importance for ecological risk control and public health protection. In this research, high-throughput sequencing and metagenomics technique were used to investigate the seasonal ARGs profile in overlying water and sediment at typical area of Taihu Lake. Besides, taxonomy pattern of ARGs host bacteria and potential pathogens were identified. The results showed that 33 ARG subtypes and 11 ARG types were detected in research area, among which bacitracin, multidrug and sulfonamides resistance gene were with the highest abundance. The relative abundance of ARGs in overlying water and sediment ranged from 1.68 to 661.05 ppm and from 1.93 to 49.47 ppm, respectively. ARG host (18 bacteria genus) were identified and annotated, among which Clostridium botulinum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia were pathogenic bacteria. The pathogens were mostly detected at Xukou Bay in spring and fall, which might be caused by the inlet water from aquaculture area of Yangcheng Lake. Pseudomonas was the most abundant ARGs host (ant2ib, baca, bl2d_oxa2,mexb, mexf, mexw and oprn), which may facilitate the propagation of ARGs in freshwater system.202234292452
3483180.9944Abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities in the western Pacific and Southern Oceans. This study investigated the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the composition of bacterial communities along a transect covering the western Pacific Ocean (36°N) to the Southern Ocean (74°S) using the Korean icebreaker R/V Araon (total cruise distance: 14,942 km). The relative abundances of ARGs and bacteria were assessed with quantitative PCR and next generation sequencing, respectively. The absolute abundance of ARGs was 3.0 × 10(6) ± 1.6 × 10(6) copies/mL in the western Pacific Ocean, with the highest value (7.8 × 10(6) copies/mL) recorded at a station in the Tasman Sea (37°S). The absolute abundance of ARGs in the Southern Ocean was 1.8-fold lower than that in the western Pacific Ocean, and slightly increased (0.7-fold) toward Terra Nova Bay in Antarctica, possibly resulting from natural terrestrial sources or human activity. β-Lactam and tetracycline resistance genes were dominant in all samples (88-99%), indicating that they are likely the key ARGs in the ocean. Correlation and network analysis showed that Bdellovibrionota, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Margulisbacteria, and Proteobacteria were positively correlated with ARGs, suggesting that these bacteria are the most likely ARG carriers. This study highlights the latitudinal profile of ARG distribution in the open ocean system and provides insights that will help in monitoring emerging pollutants on a global scale.202235085628
6385190.9944Study on microbes and antibiotic resistance genes in karst primitive mountain marshes - A case study of Niangniang Mountain in Guizhou, China. Previous research on antibiotic resistance genes and microorganisms centered on those in urban sewage treatment plants, breeding farms, hospitals and others with serious antibiotic pollution. However, at present, there are evident proofs that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) indeed exist in a primitive environment hardly without any human's footprints. Accordingly, an original karst mountain swamp ecosystem in Niangniang Mountain, Guizhou, China, including herbaceous swamp, shrub swamp, sphagnum bog and forest swamp, was selected to analyze the physical and chemical parameters of sediments. Moreover, microbial compositions, functions, as well as their connections with ARGs were assayed and analyzed using metagenomic technology. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the dominant microorganisms and ARGs in the four marshes, in which the dominant bacteria phyla were Proteobacteria (37.82 %), Acidobacteriota (22.17 %) and Actinobacteriota (20.64 %); the dominant archaea Euryarchaeota. (1.00 %); and the dominant eukaryotes Ascomycota (0.07 %), with metabolism as their major functions. Based on the ARDB database, the number of ARGs annotated reached 209 including 30 subtypes, and the dominant ARGs were all Bacitracin resistance genes (bacA, 84.77 %). In terms of the diversity of microorganisms and ARGs, the herbaceous swamp ranked the top, and the shrub swamp were at the bottom. Correlation analysis between microorganisms and resistance genes showed that, apart from aac2ic, macB, smeE, tetQ, and tetL, other ARGs were positively correlated with microorganisms. Among them, baca coexisted with microorganisms. Pearson correlation analysis results showed that contrary to ARGs, microorganisms were more affected by environmental factors.202236306620