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600500.8612Antimicrobial activity of Pediococcus pentosaceus strains against diarrheal pathogens isolated from pigs and effect on paracellular permeability of HT-29 cells. This study aimed to investigate lactic acid bacteria with antimicrobial activities against infectious diarrheal pathogens in pigs and their genetic characteristics. Acid-resistant lactic acid bacteria were examined for bile resistance, pancreatic enzyme resistance, gelatinase and urease activities, and antibiotic resistance. Subsequently, selected isolates were examined for antimicrobial activities against Campylobacter coli, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium, and their effects on paracellular permeability and the expression of tight junction protein-encoding genes in HT-29 cells were assessed. Whole genome sequencing was performed to identify the genes related to safety and antibacterial activity. Of the 51 isolates examined, 12 were resistant to bile and pancreatin and did not produce gelatinase and urease. Of these 12, isolates 19, 20, 30, 36, and 67 showed tetracycline resistance and isolates 15, 19, and 38W showed antimicrobial activity against infectious diarrheal bacteria. Treatment with isolate 38W significantly reduced the paracellular permeability induced by E. coli in HT-29 cells and alleviated the expression of tight junction protein-encoding genes (claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1) induced by E. coli inoculation. Isolates 15, 19, and 38W were named as Pediococcus pentosaceus SMFM2016-NK1, SMFM2016-YK1, and SMFM2016-WK1, respectively. Bacteriocin-related genes were YheH, ytrF, BceA, BceB, and MccF in SMFM2016-NK1; YheH, ytrF, BceA, BceB, entK, lcnA, MccF, and skgD in SMFM2016-YK1; and YheH, ytrF, BceA, BceB, and MccF in SMFM2016-WK1. SMFM2016-YK1 harbored the tetM gene. These results indicate that P. pentosaceus SMFM2016-WK1 might control diarrheal pathogens isolated from pigs. However, a further study is necessary because the results were obtained only from in vitro experiment.202540873998
608110.8610In vitro probiotic characteristics and whole-genome sequence analysis of lactic acid bacteria isolated from monkey faeces. This study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria from monkey faeces and evaluate their safety and probiotic properties through a combination of in vitro assays and complete genomic sequencing. The results revealed that two Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains (LDHa and LSHe) exhibited promising probiotic attributes: no hemolytic activity, remarkable antibacterial activity against intestinal pathogens, high bile salt tolerance (77.46% survival rate for LDHa at 0.3% bile salt concentration), excellent gastrointestinal resistance (survival rate > 40%), and favorable surface characteristics (63.92-66.00% auto-aggregation; 91.33-93.80% hydrophobicity). The whole genome sequencing results revealed that strain LDHa has a total length of 2,031,794 bp with a GC content of 39.02% and contains (Strompfová et al. 2014) coding genes. The LSHe strain has a total length of 2,031,507 bp with a GC content of 39.02% and contains 1954 coding genes. Genomic analysis revealed that both strains possess four CRISPR sequences and one secondary metabolic gene cluster, with functional annotations from the EGGNOG, KEGG, and CAZy databases demonstrating genome stability; the absence of horizontally transferable antibiotic resistance genes; the enrichment of metabolic pathway-related genes, and probiotic-associated functional potential including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antitumor activities. This study demonstrated that L. reuteri LDHa and LSHe exhibit favorable safety profiles and probiotic potential at both physiological and genomic levels, positioning them as promising candidates for probiotic formulations in captive primate populations.202540852645
601520.8605Integrative genome analysis of bacteriocin-producing Lactiplantibacillus pentosus LNP1-39 and its synbiotic role in suppressing food-borne pathogens. Lactic acid bacteria were isolated from traditional Thai-fermented foods. Among these, the strain LNP1-39, closely related to Lactiplantibacillus pentosus, was selected for further study because of its non-pathogenic profile. The bacteriocins produced by L. pentosus LNP1-39 were proteinaceous substances that exhibited strong antimicrobial activity across a wide pH range (pH 2-11; 6400-2400 AU/mL) and thermal stability at 100 °C for 40 min (400 AU/mL). These bacteriocins showed a narrow antimicrobial spectrum, effectively targeting Gram-positive pathogens, such as Kocuria rhizophila MIII, Enterococcus faecalis JCM 5803( T), and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115. Comprehensive safety assessments, including whole-genome analysis and in vitro tests, confirmed a low risk of antibiotic resistance and the absence of virulence factors. Strain LNP1-39 was confirmed to be closely related to L. pentosus DSM 20314( T) via digital DNA‒DNA hybridization (dDDH; 75.4%), with average nucleotide identity (ANI) at 96.56% ANIb and 97.22% ANIm values. Additionally, LNP1-39 produces pediocin with notable similarity (76.29% identity to pediocin) and presents low risks for antibiotic-resistance genes or transfer genes while providing antioxidant properties. Strain LNP1-39 survived harsh gastrointestinal tract conditions and exhibited a favorable prebiotic index and positive prebiotic activity score when paired with polydextrose or isomalto-oligosaccharide. These findings support L. pentosus LNP1-39 as potential bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria for further application in food preservation and pathogen control or as a synbiotic.202540622670
602730.8603Comprehensive Genomic Profiling and In Vitro Probiotic and Safety Assessments of Enterococcus faecium UFAS147 Isolated from Moroccan Goat Feces. Enterococci are beneficial commensal bacteria recognized for their probiotic effects and are commonly utilized as adjunct cultures in dairy product fermentation. However, their ability to acquire antibiotic resistance and contribute to infections raises significant safety concerns. In this study, both in vitro assays and genome sequencing were conducted to evaluate the safety, functionality, and probiotic potential of Enterococcus faecium UFAS147, isolated from Moroccan goat feces. The strain tolerated acidic conditions (96.79% survival at pH 1.5) and bile salt (1-4%), with notable autoaggregation (33.66%), coaggregation with Salmonella typhymurium ATCC14028 (72.78%), and Staphylococcus aureus B1 (65.55%). Safety assays confirmed the absence of hemolytic activity, mucin degradation, and biogenic amine production. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed sensitivity to six antibiotics. PCR analysis further confirmed the absence of vanA and vanB genes associated with vancomycin resistance. Genome analysis revealed a length of 2,606,111 bp with a GC content of 38.11% and the absence of genes linked to acquired antimicrobial resistance, cytolysins, and biogenic amine production. Genes supporting probiotic traits, such as Enterocin A, Enterocin P, and Enterolysin A, acid and bile resistance, adhesion, and colonization were identified. These findings highlight E. faecium UFAS147 as a promising candidate for probiotic applications.202540608139
81040.8574Draft genome sequencing and functional annotation and characterization of biofilm-producing bacterium Bacillus novalis PD1 isolated from rhizospheric soil. Biofilm forming bacterium Bacillus novalis PD1 was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of a paddy field. B. novalis PD1 is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, slightly curved, round-ended, and spore-forming bacteria. The isolate B. novalis PD1 shares 98.45% similarity with B. novalis KB27B. B. vireti LMG21834 and B. drentensis NBRC 102,427 are the closest phylogenetic neighbours for B. novalis PD1. The draft genome RAST annotation showed a linear chromosome with 4,569,088 bp, encoding 6139 coding sequences, 70 transfer RNA (tRNA), and 11 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The genomic annotation of biofilm forming B. novalis PD1(> 3.6@OD(595nm)) showed the presence of exopolysaccharide-forming genes (ALG, PSL, and PEL) as well as other biofilm-related genes (comER, Spo0A, codY, sinR, TasA, sipW, degS, and degU). Antibiotic inactivation gene clusters (ANT (6)-I, APH (3')-I, CatA15/A16 family), efflux pumps conferring antibiotic resistance genes (BceA, BceB, MdtABC-OMF, MdtABC-TolC, and MexCD-OprJ), and secondary metabolites linked to phenazine, terpene, and beta lactone gene clusters are part of the genome.202134537868
521350.8566Draft genome sequences of Limosilactobacillus fermentum IJAL 01 335, isolated from a traditional cereal fermented dough. Limosilactobacillus fermentum IJAL 01 335 was isolated from mawè, a spontaneously fermented cereal dough from Benin. The 1.83 Mb draft genome sequence (52.37% GC) comprises 154 contigs, 1,836 coding sequences, and 23 predicted antibiotic resistance genes, providing insights into its genetic features and potential application in food fermentation.202541170963
10460.8561Bile Salt Hydrolases with Extended Substrate Specificity Confer a High Level of Resistance to Bile Toxicity on Atopobiaceae Bacteria. The bile resistance of intestinal bacteria is among the key factors responsible for their successful colonization of and survival in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we demonstrated that lactate-producing Atopobiaceae bacteria (Leptogranulimonas caecicola TOC12(T) and Granulimonas faecalis OPF53(T)) isolated from mouse intestine showed high resistance to mammalian bile extracts, due to significant bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. We further succeeded in isolating BSH proteins (designated LcBSH and GfBSH) from L. caecicola TOC12(T) and G. faecalis OPF53(T), respectively, and characterized their enzymatic features. Interestingly, recombinant LcBSH and GfBSH proteins exhibited BSH activity against 12 conjugated bile salts, indicating that LcBSH and GfBSH have much broader substrate specificity than the previously identified BSHs from lactic acid bacteria, which are generally known to hydrolyze six bile salt isomers. Phylogenetic analysis showed that LcBSH and GfBSH had no affinities with any known BSH subgroup and constituted a new BSH subgroup in the phylogeny. In summary, we discovered functional BSHs with broad substrate specificity from Atopobiaceae bacteria and demonstrated that these BSH enzymes confer bile resistance to L. caecicola TOC12(T) and G. faecalis OPF53(T).202236142891
605370.8550Probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria isolated from water-buffalo mozzarella cheese. This study evaluated the probiotic properties (stability at different pH values and bile salt concentration, auto-aggregation and co-aggregation, survival in the presence of antibiotics and commercial drugs, study of β-galactosidase production, evaluation of the presence of genes encoding MapA and Mub adhesion proteins and EF-Tu elongation factor, and the presence of genes encoding virulence factor) of four LAB strains (Lactobacillus casei SJRP35, Leuconostoc citreum SJRP44, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus SJRP57 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides SJRP58) which produced antimicrobial substances (antimicrobial peptides). The strains survived the simulated GIT modeled in MRS broth, whole and skim milk. In addition, auto-aggregation and the cell surface hydrophobicity of all strains were high, and various degrees of co-aggregation were observed with indicator strains. All strains presented low resistance to several antibiotics and survived in the presence of commercial drugs. Only the strain SJRP44 did not produce the β-galactosidase enzyme. Moreover, the strain SJRP57 did not show the presence of any genes encoding virulence factors; however, the strain SJRP35 presented vancomycin resistance and adhesion of collagen genes, the strain SJRP44 harbored the ornithine decarboxylase gene and the strain SJRP58 generated positive results for aggregation substance and histidine decarboxylase genes. In conclusion, the strain SJRP57 was considered the best candidate as probiotic cultures for further in vivo studies and functional food products development.201425117002
602680.8547Probiotic Characteristics and Whole Genome Analysis of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PM8 from Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) Milk. Milk is a rich source of probiotics, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which have been shown to promote gut health, support the immune system, enhance digestion, and prevent pathogen colonization. This study aimed to isolate and identify LAB strains from giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) milk, evaluate their probiotic properties, and analyze the genomic characteristics of a promising strain. Thirteen LAB strains were isolated from 12 samples of giant panda milk. Among all LAB strains, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum PM8 (PM8) demonstrated probiotic properties and safety features. It exhibited strong growth performance, high antipathogenic activity against four pathogens, and strong survival rates under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. PM8 also showed excellent adhesion capabilities to Caco-2 cells. Additionally, safety assessment revealed no hemolysin production and minimal antibiotic resistance, making it a promising candidate for probiotic applications. The genome of PM8 consists of 3,227,035 bp with a GC content of 44.60% and contains 3171 coding sequences, including 113 carbohydrate-active enzyme genes and genes related to exopolysaccharides synthesis, vitamin B biosynthesis, adhesion, antioxidant activity, and bile salt hydrolysis. Notably, it contains genes involved in nonribosomally synthesized secondary metabolite and bacteriocin production. The genomic safety analysis confirmed that PM8 lacks the capacity to transmit bacterial antimicrobial resistance and is non-pathogenic to both humans and animals. These findings suggest that PM8 holds considerable potential for enhancing gut health and supporting the development of safe probiotic products.202539900880
602890.8543Isolation, Characterization, and Comparative Genomics of the Novel Potential Probiotics from Canine Feces. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are commonly used as probiotics; however, not all LAB strains have the same beneficial effects. To successfully use LAB as probiotics in canines, LAB species should originate from the canine intestinal tract as they display host specificity. The objective of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and genomic traits of potential probiotic LAB isolated from canine fecal samples. Twenty LAB samples were evaluated for their potential probiotic characteristics including resistance to low pH, bile salts, hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation, adhesion to epithelia or mucosa, and production of inhibitory compounds. Additionally, we evaluated their safety and other beneficial effects on canine health, such as DPPH free radical scavenging, and β-galactosidase. Four strains demonstrated potential probiotic characteristics and were selected: Enterococcus hirae Pom4, Limosilactobacillus fermentum Pom5, Pediococcus pentosaceus Chi8, and Ligilactobacillus animalis FB2. Safety evaluations showed that all strains lacked hemolytic activity, could not produce biogenic amines, and did not carry any pathogenic genes. In addition, L. fermentum Pom5 and P. pentosaceus Chi8 displayed susceptibility to all antibiotics and concordant with the absence of antibiotic resistance genes. Based on their phenotypic and genomic characteristics, L. fermentum Pom5 and P. pentosaceus Chi8 were identified as potential probiotic candidates for canines.202337484003
1254100.8526Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from recurrent tonsillitis in children. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in the tonsils of children subjected tonsillectomy due to recurrent tonsilitis and to determine the spa types of the pathogens, carriage of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles. The study included 73 tonsillectomized children. Bacteria, including S. aureus were isolated from tonsillar surface prior to tonsillectomy, recovered from tonsillar core at the time of the surgery, and from posterior pharynx 2-4 weeks after the procedure. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were compared by spa typing, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and for the presence of superantigenic toxin genes (sea-seu, eta, etb, tst, lukS/lukF-PV) by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Seventy-three patients (mean 7.1 ± 4.1 years, 61.6% male) were assessed. The most commonly isolated bacteria were S. aureus. The largest proportion of staphylococcal isolates originated from tonsillar core (63%), followed by tonsillar surface (45.1%) and posterior pharynx in tonsillectomized children (18.2%, p = 0.007). Five (6.3%) isolates were identified as MRSA (mecA-positive). Up to 67.5% of the isolates synthesized penicillinases (blaZ-positive isolates), and 8.8% displayed MLS(B) resistance. The superantigenic toxin genes were detected in more than half of examined isolates (56.3%). spa types t091, t084, and t002, and clonal complexes (CCs) CC7, CC45, and CC30 turned out to be most common. Staphylococcus aureus associated with RT in children showed pathogenicity potential and considerable genetic diversity, and no clones were found to be specific for this condition although further studies are needed.202031692060
6082110.8526Complete genome sequence of the probiotic candidate strain Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus B3421 isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer in South Korea. OBJECTIVES: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus is a widely recognized probiotic bacteria with therapeutic applications in human and animal health. The L. rhamnosus B3421 strain, isolated from Panax ginseng, has been reported to be associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting its functional potential. We sequenced and analyzed the genome of L. rhamnosus B3421 to evaluate its probiotic potential for human healthcare and animal applications, focusing on genomic features related to safety and functionality. DATA DESCRIPTION: In this study, we isolated L. rhamnosus B3421 from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Ginseng) and performed whole-genome sequencing. The genome of L. rhamnosus B3421 consists of 3,000,051 base pairs (bp) with a guanine + cytosine (G + C) content of 46.70%. It encodes 59 transfer RNAs, 15 ribosomal RNAs, and 2,807 coding sequences (CDSs). Of these CDSs, 99.13% (2,758 proteins) were assigned to functional categories in the Clusters of Orthologous Group (COGs) classification system, while 49 proteins remained uncharacterized. Our genome analysis identified no antibiotic resistance (ABR) or antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, indicating that L. rhamnosus B3421 is a safe probiotic bacterium with minimal risk of contributing to the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance within the gut microbiome. Additionally, the genome contains genes associated with the ggmotif (PF10439), Enterocin X chain beta, and Carnocin CP52, as identified through BAGEL4 analysis, along with 24 other genes related to reductase or peroxidase activities. These genes may confer competitive advantages against pathogenic bacteria and oxidative stress. Our findings highlight the probiotic potential of L. rhamnosus B3421 and its prospective applications in promoting human and animal health.202540877785
6014120.8523Whole genome sequencing and analysis of plant growth promoting bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of plantation crops coconut, cocoa and arecanut. Coconut, cocoa and arecanut are commercial plantation crops that play a vital role in the Indian economy while sustaining the livelihood of more than 10 million Indians. According to 2012 Food and Agricultural organization's report, India is the third largest producer of coconut and it dominates the production of arecanut worldwide. In this study, three Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) from coconut (CPCRI-1), cocoa (CPCRI-2) and arecanut (CPCRI-3) characterized for the PGP activities have been sequenced. The draft genome sizes were 4.7 Mb (56% GC), 5.9 Mb (63.6% GC) and 5.1 Mb (54.8% GB) for CPCRI-1, CPCRI-2, CPCRI-3, respectively. These genomes encoded 4056 (CPCRI-1), 4637 (CPCRI-2) and 4286 (CPCRI-3) protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both CPCRI-1 and CPCRI-3 belonged to Enterobacteriaceae family, while, CPCRI-2 was a Pseudomonadaceae family member. Functional annotation of the genes predicted that all three bacteria encoded genes needed for mineral phosphate solubilization, siderophores, acetoin, butanediol, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, chitinase, phenazine, 4-hydroxybenzoate, trehalose and quorum sensing molecules supportive of the plant growth promoting traits observed in the course of their isolation and characterization. Additionally, in all the three CPCRI PGPRs, we identified genes involved in synthesis of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which recently has been proposed to aid plant growth. The PGPRs also carried genes for central carbohydrate metabolism indicating that the bacteria can efficiently utilize the root exudates and other organic materials as energy source. Genes for production of peroxidases, catalases and superoxide dismutases that confer resistance to oxidative stresses in plants were identified. Besides these, genes for heat shock tolerance, cold shock tolerance and glycine-betaine production that enable bacteria to survive abiotic stress were also identified.201425162593
6025130.8521Phenotypic and Genomic Insights into Schleiferilactobacillus harbinensis WU01, a Candidate Probiotic with Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity Against ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter) Pathogens. The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, particularly ESKAPE bacteria, necessitates alternative antimicrobial strategies. Probiotics, particularly lactic acid bacteria, protect against pathogenic infections. This study aimed to characterize Schleiferilactobacillus harbinensis WU01, isolated from fermented palm sap, and evaluate its probiotic potential and antimicrobial activity. Its probiotic characteristics were assessed based on low-pH and bile tolerance, auto-aggregation, hydrophobicity, and adhesion to Caco-2 cells. Antimicrobial activity against ESKAPE pathogens was evaluated using the agar well diffusion assay. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and in silico analysis were performed to identify bacteriocin-related genes, virulence factors, and antibiotic-resistance genes. WU01 exhibited a strong tolerance to gastrointestinal conditions, with high survival rates under acidic and bile-salt environments. S. harbinensis WU01 demonstrated significant auto-aggregation, high hydrophobicity, and strong adhesion to Caco-2 cells. Antimicrobial assays revealed inhibitory activity against MDR ESKAPE pathogens, which correlated with the presence of bacteriocin-related genes, including those homologous to Carnocin_CP52. Molecular dynamics (MDs) simulations confirmed the interaction of Carnocin_CP52 with bacterial membranes, suggesting a mechanism for pathogen disruption. WGS confirmed the absence of virulence and antimicrobial-resistance genes, confirming its safety for probiotic applications. These findings suggest that S. harbinensis WU01 possesses probiotic properties and antimicrobial activity against ESKAPE pathogens. The combined results highlight its potential application in functional foods and therapeutic interventions.202540238333
8460140.8517Correlation Analysis of the Transcriptome and Gut Microbiota in Salmo trutta Resistance to Aeromonas salmonicida. Aeromonas salmonicida is a major pathogenic bacterium that poses a significant threat to salmonid fish. Yadong County, located in the Xizang Autonomous Region, is renowned for its characteristic industry of Salmo trutta aquaculture. In recent years, the outbreak of Bacterial Gill Disease (BGD) has led to substantial economic losses for S. trutta farmers. Our prior research identified A. salmonicida as one of the primary culprits behind BGD. To mitigate the impact of A. salmonicida on S. trutta, we conducted a comprehensive study aimed at identifying genes associated with resistance to A. salmonicida. This involved transcriptome sequencing and 16S rRNA sequencing of intestinal flora, providing valuable insights for the study of disease resistance in S. trutta. In this study, we identified 324 genera with 5171 ASVs in the susceptible group and 293 genera with 5669 ASVs in the resistant group. Notably, Methylobacterium and Sphingomonas were common bacteria present in the salmon's gut, and their proportions remained relatively stable before and after infection. Shewanella, with its antagonistic relationship with Aeromonas, may play a crucial role in the salmon's defense against A. salmonicida. Several related genes were identified, including angptl4, cipcb, grasp, ccr9a, sulf1, mtmr11, B3GNT3, mt2, PLXDC1, and ank1b.202439458292
6087150.8516Draft genome of Raoultella planticola, a high lead resistance bacterium from industrial wastewater. Isolation of heavy metals-resistant bacteria from their original habitat is a crucial step in bioremediation. Six lead (Pb) resistant bacterial strains were isolated and identified utilizing 16S rRNA to be Enterobacter ludwigii FACU 4, Shigella flexneri FACU, Microbacterium paraoxydans FACU, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumonia FACU, Raoultella planticola FACU 3 and Staphylococcus xylosus FACU. It was determined that all these strains had their Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to be 2500 ppm except R. planticola FACU 3 has a higher maximum tolerance concentration (MTC) up to 2700 ppm. We evaluated the survival of all six strains on lead stress, the efficiency of biosorption and lead uptake. It was found that R. planticola FACU 3 is the highest MTC and S. xylosus FACU was the lowest MTC in this evaluation. Therefore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the difference between the morphological responses of these two strains to lead stress. These findings led to explore more about the genome of R. planticola FACU 3 using illumine Miseq technology. Draft genome sequence analysis revealed the genome size of 5,648,460 bp and G + C content 55.8% and identified 5526 CDS, 75 tRNA and 4 rRNA. Sequencing technology facilitated the identification of about 47 genes related to resistance to many heavy metals including lead, arsenic, zinc, mercury, nickel, silver and chromium of R. planticola FACU 3 strain. Moreover, genome sequencing identified plant growth-promoting genes (PGPGs) including indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, phenazine production, trehalose metabolism and 4-hydroxybenzoate production genes and a lot of antibiotic-resistant genes.202336715862
5435160.8514Distribution of fibronectin-binding protein genes (prtF1 and prtF2) and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin genes (spe) among Streptococcus pyogenes in Japan. Two hundred and seventy-two strains of Streptococcus pyogenes isolated from patients with invasive and noninvasive infections in Japan were evaluated for the prevalence of fibronectin-binding protein genes (prtF1 and prtF2). The possible associations of the genes with streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin genes, macrolide resistance genes, and emm types were also evaluated. Overall, about 50% of S. pyogenes isolates carried fibronectin-binding protein genes. The prevalence of the prtF1 gene was significantly higher among isolates from noninvasive infections (71.4%) than among isolates from invasive infections (30.8%; P = 0.0037). Strains possessing both the prtF1 and prtF2 genes were more likely to be isolates from noninvasive infections than isolates from invasive infections (50.6% vs 15.4%; P = 0.019). S. pyogenes isolates with streptococcus pyrogenic exotoxin genes (speA and speZ) were more common among isolates without fibronectin-binding protein genes. The speC gene was more frequently identified among isolates with fibronectin-binding protein genes (P = 0.05). Strains belonging to emm75 or emm12 types more frequently harbored macrolide resistance genes than other emm types (P = 0.0094 and P = 0.043, respectively). Strains carrying more than one repeat at the RD2 region of the prtF1 gene and the FBRD region of the prtF2 gene were more prevalent among strains with macrolide resistance genes than among strains negative for macrolide resistance genes. These genes (i.e., the prtF1, prtF2, and spe genes) may enable host-bacteria interaction, and internalization in the host cell, but may not enable infection complications such as invasive diseases.200920012726
6056170.8514Virulence, antibiotic resistance and biogenic amines of bacteriocinogenic lactococci and enterococci isolated from goat milk. The present study aimed to investigate the virulence, antibiotic resistance and biogenic amine production in bacteriocinogenic lactococci and enterococci isolated from goat milk in order to evaluate their safety. Twenty-nine bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria (LAB: 11 Lactococcus spp., and 18 Enterococcus spp.) isolated from raw goat milk were selected and subjected to PCR to identify gelE, cylA, hyl, asa1, esp, efaA, ace, vanA, vanB, hdc1, hdc2, tdc and odc genes. The expression of virulence factors (gelatinase, hemolysis, lipase, DNAse, tyramine, histamine, putrescine) in different incubation temperatures was assessed by phenotypic methods, as well as the resistance to vancomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin and rifampicin (using Etest®). The tested isolates presented distinct combinations of virulence related genes, but not necessarily the expression of such factors. The relevance of identifying virulence-related genes in bacteriocinogenic LAB was highlighted, demanding for care in their usage as starter cultures or biopreservatives due to the possibility of horizontal gene transfer to other bacteria in food systems.201424960293
5376180.8511In vitro Activity of Contezolid Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus, and Strains With Linezolid Resistance Genes From China. Contezolid is a novel oxazolidinone, which exhibits potent activity against gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP). In this study, the in vitro activity of contezolid was compared with linezolid (LZD), tigecycline (TGC), teicoplanin (TEC), vancomycin (VA), daptomycin (DAP), and florfenicol (FFC) against MRSA and VRE strains isolated from China. Contezolid revealed considerable activity against MRSA and VRE isolates with MIC(90) values of 0.5 and 1.0 μg/mL, respectively. For VRE strains with different resistance genotypes, including vanA- and vanM-type strains, contezolid did not exhibit significantly differential antibacterial activity. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of contezolid is similar to or slightly better than that of linezolid against MRSA and VRE strains. Subsequently, the activity of contezolid was tested against strains carrying linezolid resistance genes, including Staphylococcus capitis carrying cfr gene and Enterococcus faecalis carrying optrA gene. The results showed that contezolid exhibited similar antimicrobial efficacy to linezolid against strains with linezolid resistance genes. In general, contezolid may have potential benefits to treat the infections caused by MRSA and VRE pathogens.202134489919
6030190.8508Molecular identification and probiotic potential characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from the pigs with superior immune responses. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) belong to a significant group of probiotic bacteria that provide hosts with considerable health benefits. Our previous study showed that pigs with abundant LAB had more robust immune responses in a vaccination experiment. In this study, 52 isolate strains were isolated from the pigs with superior immune responses. Out of these, 14 strains with higher antibacterial efficacy were chosen. We then assessed the probiotic features of the 14 LAB strains, including such as autoaggregation, coaggregation, acid resistance, bile salt resistance, and adhesion capability, as well as safety aspects such as antibiotic resistance, hemolytic activity, and the presence or absence of virulence factors. We also compared these properties with those of an opportunistic pathogen EB1 and two commercial probiotics (cLA and cLP). The results showed that most LAB isolates exhibited higher abilities of aggregation, acid and bile salt resistance, adhesion, and antibacterial activity than the two commercial probiotics. Out of the 14 strains, only LS1 and LS9 carried virulence genes and none had hemolytic activity. We selected three LAB strains (LA6, LR6 and LJ1) with superior probiotic properties and LS9 with a virulence gene for testing their safety in vivo. Strains EB1, cLA and cLP were also included as control bacteria. The results demonstrated that mice treated LAB did not exhibit any adverse effects on weight gain, organ index, blood immune cells, and ileum morphology, except for those treated with LS9 and EB1. Moreover, the antimicrobial effect of LR6 and LA6 strains was examined in vivo. The results indicated that these strains could mitigate the inflammatory response, reduce bacterial translocation, and alleviate liver, spleen, and ileum injury caused by Salmonella typhimurium infection. In addition, the LR6 treatment group showed better outcomes than the LA6 treatment group; treatment with LR6 substantially reduced the mortality rate in mice. The study results provide evidence of the probiotic properties of the LAB isolates, in particular LR6, and suggest that oral administration of LR6 could have valuable health-promoting benefits.202438585699