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299600.9942Presence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli, Enterococcusspp. and Salmonellasp. in 12 species of Australian shorebirds and terns. Antibiotic resistance is an ongoing threat to both human and animal health. Migratory birds are a potential vector for the spread of novel pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes. To date, there has been no comprehensive study investigating the presence of antibiotic resistance (AMR) in the bacteria of Australian shorebirds or terns. In the current study, 1022 individual birds representing 12 species were sampled across three states of Australia (Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia) and tested for the presence of phenotypically resistant strains of three bacteria with potential to be zoonotic pathogens; Escherichia coli, Enterococcusspp., and Salmonellasp. In total, 206 E. coli, 266 Enterococcusspp., and 20 Salmonellasp. isolates were recovered, with AMR detected in 42% of E. coli, 85% of Enterococcusspp., and 10% of Salmonellasp. Phenotypic resistance was commonly detected to erythromycin (79% of Enterococcusspp.), ciprofloxacin (31% of Enterococcusspp.) and streptomycin (21% of E. coli). Resident birds were more likely to carry AMR bacteria than migratory birds (p ≤ .001). Bacteria isolated from shorebirds and terns are commonly resistant to at least one antibiotic, suggesting that wild bird populations serve as a potential reservoir and vector for AMR bacteria. However, globally emerging phenotypes of multidrug-resistant bacteria were not detected in Australian shorebirds. This study provides baseline data of the carriage of AMR bacteria in Australian shorebirds and terns.202235460193
294410.9939Antimicrobial Resistance in Wildlife: Implications for Public Health. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in natural environments is a major concern with serious implications for human and animal health. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of AMR Escherichia coli (E. coli) in wild birds and mammalian species. Thirty faecal samples were collected from each of the following wildlife species: herring gulls (Larus argentatus), black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus), lesser black-back gulls (Larus fuscus), hybrid deer species (Cervus elaphus x Cervus nippon) and twenty-six from starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). A total of 115 E. coli isolates were isolated from 81 of 146 samples. Confirmed E. coli isolates were tested for their susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents by disc diffusion. In total, 5.4% (8/146) of samples exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes. The phylogenetic group and AMR-encoding genes of all multidrug resistance isolates were determined by PCR. Tetracycline-, ampicillin- and streptomycin-resistant isolates were the most common resistant phenotypes. The following genes were identified in E. coli: bla(TEM), strA, tet(A) and tet(B). Plasmids were identified in all samples that exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes. This study indicates that wild birds and mammals may function as important host reservoirs and potential vectors for the spread of resistant bacteria and genetic determinants of AMR.201525639901
299120.9939Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella species and potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli in free-living seals of Canadian Atlantic and eastern Arctic waters. Seal populations in Canadian waters provide sustenance to coastal communities. There is potential for pathogenic and/or antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to transfer to humans through inadvertent faecal contamination of seal products. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and potential antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes in faecal samples collected from grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and from ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in Frobisher Bay and Eclipse Sound, Nunavut, Canada. Grey seals were harvested during commercial hunts or during scientific sampling; ringed seals were collected by Inuit hunters during subsistence harvests. Virulence genes defining pathogenic E. coli were identified by PCR, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on recovered isolates. In grey seals, E. coli was detected in 34/44 (77%) samples, and pathogenic E. coli (extraintestinal E. coli [ExPEC], enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC] or ExPEC/EPEC) was detected in 13/44 (29%) samples. Non-susceptibility to beta-lactams and quinolones was observed in isolates from 18 grey seals. In ringed seals from Frobisher Bay, E. coli was detected in 4/45 (9%) samples; neither virulence genes nor antimicrobial resistance was detected in these isolates. In ringed seals from Eclipse Sound, E. coli was detected in 8/50 (16%) samples and pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC and ExPEC/EPEC) in 5/50 (10%) samples. One seal from Eclipse Sound had an E. coli isolate resistant to beta-lactams. A monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium was recovered from 8/50 (16%) seals from Eclipse Sound. All Salmonella isolates were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and tetracycline. L. monocytogenes was not detected in any sample. These findings suggest that seals may act as important sentinel species and as reservoirs or vectors for antimicrobial-resistant and virulent E. coli and Salmonella species. Further characterization of these isolates would provide additional insights into the source and spread of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in these populations of free-living seals.202337317052
188030.9938Emergence and Dissemination of mcr-Carrying Clinically Relevant Salmonella Typhimurium Monophasic Clone ST34. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is one of the urgent threats to both public and global health. The Salmonella Typhimurium monophasic sequence type 34 (ST34) clone, with its rapid dissemination and resistance to numerous critical antimicrobials, has raised global concerns. Here, we present an updated overview on the emerging infections caused by mobile colistin resistance (mcr)-carrying colistin-resistant ST34 isolates, covering their global dissemination and virulence-associated efficacy. The higher rates of mcr-1-positive ST34 in children in China highlights the increasing threat caused by this pathogen. Most of the ST34 isolates carrying the mcr-1 gene were isolated from animals and food products, indicating the role of foodborne transmission of mcr-1. The emergence of multidrug resistance genes along with various virulence factors and many heavy metal resistance genes on the chromosome and plasmid from ST34 isolates will challenge available therapeutic options. The presence of the colistin resistance gene (mcr-1, mcr-3, and mcr-5) with the multidrug-resistant phenotype in ST34 has spread across different countries, and most of the mcr-1 genes in ST34 isolates were detected in plasmid type IncHI2 followed by IncI2, and IncX4. Together, mcr-carrying S. Typhimurium ST34 may become a new pandemic clone. The fast detection and active surveillance in community, hospital, animal herds, food products and environment are urgently warranted.201931466338
252640.9938Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria isolated from peridomestic Rattus species: A scoping literature review. Rattus spp. may acquire and disseminate antimicrobial resistant bacteria or antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. We conducted a scoping review to synthesize available research findings on AMR in Rattus spp. and to describe the size and scope of available literature on AMR epidemiology in Rattus spp. The review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The search focused on scientific peer-reviewed publications focusing on AMR in peridomestic Rattus spp. The review was limited to publications in English available in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus between 2000 and 2021. The results were summarized descriptively. Thirty-four studies conducted in twenty-one countries were included in this scoping review. Twelve bacterial species with AMR were identified with Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus being the two most commonly reported. The resistant bacteria were isolated from species of peridomestic Rattus spp. in which R. norvegicus and R. rattus were the two most commonly studied. Rats were also found to carry multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria including extended-spectrum beta (β)-lactamase (ESBL), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CoRE), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). This scoping review suggests that peridomestic Rattus spp. can carry multiple antimicrobial resistant bacteria, indicating their potential to serve as reservoirs and spreaders of AMR thus posing a threat to human and animal health.202337363213
181150.9938Abundance of clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes in the golden jackal (Canis aureus) gut. The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a critical One Health issue. Wildlife could act as reservoirs or vehicles of AMR bacteria (ARBs) and AMR genes (ARGs) but are relatively understudied. We sought to investigate clinically relevant ARGs in golden jackals (Canis aureus) thriving near human settlements in Israel. Fecal samples were collected from 111 jackals across four regions over a 10-month period. Various animal and spatio-temporal metadata were collected. Samples were analyzed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) for beta-lactamases (blaTEM, blaCTX-M15, and blaSHV), qnrS and int1. A subset of samples was subject to shotgun metagenomic sequencing followed by resistome and microbiome analyses. qPCR detected a high prevalence of ARGs, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, 96.4%; blaCTX-M-15, 51.4%, blaSHV, 15.3%), fluoroquinolone resistance (qnrS, 87.4%), and class 1 integrons (Int1, 94.6%). The blaTEM-1 gene was found to be more prevalent in adult jackals compared to younger ones. Metagenomic analysis of a subset of samples revealed a diverse gut microbiome harboring a rich resistome with tetracycline resistance genes being the most prevalent. Metagenome-assembled genome analysis further identified several ARGs associated with clinically relevant bacteria. These findings highlight the potential role of golden jackals as reservoirs for AMR and emphasize the need for ongoing surveillance to better understand AMR transmission dynamics at the wildlife-human interface. IMPORTANCE: The research highlights the potential role of the golden jackals as reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The high prevalence of clinically relevant AMR genes in these jackals emphasizes the need for ongoing surveillance and monitoring to better understand AMR transmission dynamics at the wildlife-human interface.202539945541
181260.9937Pathogen Detection and Resistome Analysis in Healthy Shelter Dogs Using Whole Metagenome Sequencing. According to the Humane Society, 25 to 40 percent of pet dogs in the United States are adopted from animal shelters. Shelter dogs can harbor bacterial, viral, fungal, and protozoal pathogens, posing risks to canine and human health. These bacterial pathogens may also carry antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), serving as a reservoir for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) transmission. This study aimed to utilize whole metagenome sequencing (WMS) to screen for microbial pathogens and assess the resistome in healthy shelter dogs. Fecal samples from 58 healthy shelter dogs across 10 shelters in Kentucky, Tennessee, and Virginia were analyzed using WMS. Genomic DNA was extracted, and bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify pathogens and ARGs. The WMS detected 53 potentially zoonotic or known pathogens including thirty-eight bacterial species, two protozoa, five yeast species, one nematode, four molds, and three viruses. A total of 4560 ARGs signatures representing 182 unique genes across 14 antibiotic classes were detected. Tetracycline resistance genes were most abundant (49%), while β-lactam resistance genes showed the highest diversity with 75 unique ARGs. ARGs were predominantly detected in commensal bacteria; however, nearly half (18/38, 47.4%) of known bacterial pathogens detected in this study carried ARGs for resistance to one or more antibiotic classes. This study provides evidence that healthy shelter dogs carry a diverse range of zoonotic and antibiotic-resistant pathogens, posing a transmission risk through fecal shedding. These findings highlight the value of WMS for pathogen detection and AMR surveillance, informing therapeutic and prophylactic strategies to mitigate the transmission of pathogens among shelter dog populations and the risk associated with zoonoses.202539860994
187970.9937Multidrug resistance in Salmonella isolates of swine origin: mobile genetic elements and plasmids associated with cephalosporin resistance with potential transmission to humans. The emergence of foodborne Salmonella strains carrying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in mobile genetic elements (MGE) is a significant public health threat in a One Health context requiring continuous surveillance. Resistance to ciprofloxacin and cephalosporins is of particular concern. Since pigs are a relevant source of foodborne Salmonella for human beings, we studied transmissible AMR genes and MGE in a collection of 83 strains showing 9 different serovars and 15 patterns of multidrug resistant (MDR) previously isolated from pigs raised in the conventional breeding system of Northern Spain. All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and three isolates carried bla(CMY-2) or bla(CTX-M-9) genes responsible for cefotaxime resistance. Filter mating experiments showed that the two plasmids carrying bla(CTX-M-9) were conjugative while that carrying bla(CMY-2) was self-transmissible by transformation. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative analyses were performed on the isolates and plasmids. The IncC plasmid pSB109, carrying bla(CMY-2), was similar to one found in S. Reading from cattle, indicating potential horizontal transfer between serovars and animal sources. The IncHI2 plasmids pSH102 in S. Heidelberg and pSTM45 in S. Typhimurium ST34, carrying bla(CTX-M-9), shared similar backbones and two novel "complex class 1 integrons" containing different AMR and heavy metal genes. Our findings emphasize the importance of sequencing techniques to identify emerging AMR regions in conjugative and stable plasmids from livestock production. The presence of MGE carrying clinically relevant AMR genes raises public health concerns, requiring monitoring to mitigate the emergence of bacteria carrying AMR genes and subsequent spread through animals and food.IMPORTANCEThe emergence of foodborne Salmonella strains carrying antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in mobile genetic elements (MGE) is a significant public health threat in a One Health context. Since pigs are a relevant source of foodborne Salmonella for humans, in this study, we investigate different aspects of AMR in a collection of 83 Salmonella showing nine different serovars and 15 patterns of multidrug resistant (MDR) isolated from pigs raised in the conventional breeding system. Our findings emphasize the importance of sequencing techniques to identify emerging AMR regions in conjugative and stable plasmids from livestock production. The presence of MGE carrying clinically relevant AMR genes raises public health concerns, requiring monitoring to mitigate the emergence of bacteria carrying AMR genes and subsequent spread through animals and food.202438695519
174580.9937Enteric Infections Circulating during Hajj Seasons, 2011-2013. Hajj, the annual Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca, Saudi Arabia, is a unique mass gathering event that raises public health concerns in the host country and globally. Although gastroenteritis and diarrhea are common among Hajj pilgrims, the microbial etiologies of these infections are unknown. We collected 544 fecal samples from pilgrims with medically attended diarrheal illness from 40 countries during the 2011-2013 Hajj seasons and screened the samples for 16 pathogens commonly associated with diarrheal infections. Bacteria were the main agents detected, in 82.9% of the 228 positive samples, followed by viral (6.1%) and parasitic (5.3%) agents. Salmonella spp., Shigella/enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, and enterotoxigenic E. coli were the main pathogens associated with severe symptoms. We identified genes associated with resistance to third-generation cephalosporins ≈40% of Salmonella- and E. coli-positive samples. Hajj-associated foodborne infections pose a major public health risk through the emergence and transmission of antimicrobial drug-resistant bacteria.201728930004
570490.9937Bats as Hosts of Antimicrobial-Resistant Mammaliicoccus lentus and Staphylococcus epidermidis with Zoonotic Relevance. Bats are increasingly recognized as reservoirs for antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, playing a potential role in the dissemination of resistance genes across species and regions. In this study, 105 bats from 19 species in Portugal were sampled to investigate the presence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic characteristics of Mammaliicoccus and Staphylococcus isolates. Thirteen Mammaliicoccus lentus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were recovered. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed multidrug resistance in three isolates, with S. epidermidis carrying mph(C), msr(A), and dfrC genes, and M. lentus harboring salB, tet(K), and str. Notably, qacA was detected in S. epidermidis, highlighting its plasmid-associated potential for horizontal gene transfer to more pathogenic bacteria. Heavy metal resistance genes (arsB and cadD) were also identified, suggesting the role of environmental factors in co-selecting antimicrobial resistance. Molecular typing revealed the S. epidermidis strain as ST297, a clone associated with both healthy humans and invasive infections. These findings emphasize the need for monitoring bats as reservoirs of resistance determinants, particularly in the context of zoonotic and environmental health. The presence of mobile genetic elements and plasmids further underscores the potential for the dissemination of resistance. This study reinforces the importance of adopting a One Health approach to mitigate the risks associated with antimicrobial resistance.202540284824
1649100.9937Whole genome analysis and antimicrobial resistance assessment of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from food sources. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), including Staphylococcus epidermidis, are commonly occurrence in a variety of food products. Historically considered non-pathogenic, these microorganisms were excluded from routine food safety monitoring protocols. However, their increasing involvement in nosocomial infections underscores their pathogenic potential. Emerging evidence suggests that the food chain may serve as a reservoir and transmission route for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In this study, 26 S. epidermidis isolates obtained from ready-to-eat food were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and comprehensive bioinformatics analyses. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was also evaluated against a broad spectrum of agents including aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, lincosamides, macrolides, nitrofurantoins, oxalidinones, phenicols, steroids, sulphonamides and tetracyclines. Sequence typing revealed the presence of 17 distinct sequence types (STs), with ST329 being the most frequently identified (8/26, 30.77 %), followed by ST88 and ST152 (each 2/26; 7.69 %). Notably, one isolate harbored a novel multi-locus sequence type. Phenotypically resistance to erythromycin was most prevalent (21/26, 80.77 %), followed by resistance to clindamycin (19/26, 73.08 %). Genomic analysis confirmed the presence of multiple antimicrobial resistance genes including norA/C, vanT, mecA, dfrC and multidrug resistance genes. The carrying of mobile genetic elements was demonstrated by 25/26 (96.15 %) strains. These findings indicate that S. epidermidis strains isolated from ready-to-eat foods not only exhibit multidrug resistance but also carry a diverse array of antimicrobial resistance genes. The potential for horizontal gene transfer to commensal or pathogenic bacteria highlights the need for increased surveillance and risk assessment concerning CoNS in the food supply.202540592212
5560110.9937Linezolid- and Multidrug-Resistant Enterococci in Raw Commercial Dog Food, Europe, 2019-2020. We describe enterococci in raw-frozen dog food commercialized in Europe as a source of genes encoding resistance to the antibiotic drug linezolid and of strains and plasmids enriched in antibiotic-resistance and virulence genes in hospitalized patients. Whole-genome sequencing was fundamental to linking isolates from dog food to human cases across Europe.202134287135
1605120.9936Isolation and Characterization of Colistin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Foods in Two Italian Regions in the South of Italy. The emergence of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in food products is a growing concern due to the potential transfer of resistance to human pathogens. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in raw and ready-to-eat food samples collected from two regions of Italy (Apulia and Basilicata) and to evaluate their resistance phenotypes and genetic characteristics. A total of 1000 food samples were screened, with a prevalence of 4.4% of colistin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The majority of the isolates belonged to Enterobacter spp. (60%), followed by Moellerella wisconsensis, Atlantibacter hermannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli, among others. Genomic sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high levels of resistance to β-lactams, with most isolates exhibiting multidrug resistance (MDR). Notably, seven isolates harbored mcr genes (mcr-1, mcr-9, and mcr-10). Additionally, in four of them were predicted the IncHI2 plasmids, known to facilitate the spread of colistin resistance. Furthermore, 56 antimicrobial resistance genes were identified, suggesting the genetic mechanisms underlying resistance to several antibiotic classes. Virulence gene analysis showed that E. coli and other isolates carried genes linked to pathogenicity, increasing the potential risk to public health. This study emphasizes the role of food as a potential reservoir for colistin-resistant bacteria and the importance of monitoring the spread of AMR genes in foodborne pathogens.202539858930
2607130.9936A walk on the wild side: Wild ungulates as potential reservoirs of multi-drug resistant bacteria and genes, including Escherichia coli harbouring CTX-M beta-lactamases. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing Enterobacterales have been classified as critical priority pathogens by the World Health Organization (WHO). ESBL are universally distributed and, in 2006, were firstly reported on a wild animal. Understanding the relative contributions of wild animals to ESBL circulation in the environment is urgently needed. In this work, we have conducted a nationwide study in Portugal to investigate the occurrence of bacteria carrying clinically significant antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), using widely distributed wild ungulates as model species. A total of 151 antimicrobial resistant-Enterobacterales isolates were detected from 181 wild ungulates: 50% (44/88) of isolates from wild boar (Sus scrofa), 40.3% (25/62) from red deer (Cervus elaphus), 41.4% (12/29) from fallow deer (Dama dama) and 100% (2/2) from mouflon (Ovis aries subsp. musimon). Selected isolates showed a diversified resistance profile, with particularly high values corresponding to ampicillin (71.5%) and tetracycline (63.6%). Enterobacterales strains carried bla(TEM), tetA, tetB, sul2, sul1 or dfrA1 ARG genes. They also carried bla(CTX-M)-type genes, which are prevalent in human infections, namely CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-98. Strikingly, this is the first report of CTX-M-98 in wildlife. Almost 40% (n = 59) of Enterobacterales were multi-drug resistant. The diversity of plasmids carried by ESBL isolates was remarkable, including IncF, K and P. This study highlights the potential role of wild ungulates as environmental reservoirs of CTX-M ESBL-producing E. coli and in the spill-over of AMR bacteria and their determinants. Our findings suggest that wild ungulates are useful as strategic sentinel species of AMR in terrestrial environments, especially in response to potential sources of anthropogenic pollution, providing early warning of potential risks to human, animal and environmental health.202235489528
1878140.9936High diversity of pathogenic Escherichia coli clones carrying mcr-1 among gulls underlines the need for strategies at the environment-livestock-human interface. The expansion of mcr-carrying bacteria is a well-recognized public health problem. Measures to contain mcr spread have mainly been focused on the food-animal production sector. Nevertheless, the spread of MCR producers at the environmental interface particularly driven by the increasing population of gulls in coastal cities has been less explored. Occurrence of mcr-carrying Escherichia coli in gull's colonies faeces on a Portuguese beach was screened over 7 months. Cultural, molecular and genomic approaches were used to characterize their diversity, mcr plasmids and adaptive features. Multidrug-resistant mcr-1-carrying E. coli were detected for 3 consecutive months. Over time, multiple strains were recovered, including zoonotic-related pathogenic E. coli clones (e.g. B2-ST131-H22, A-ST10 and B1-ST162). Diverse mcr-1 genetic environments were mainly associated with ST2/ST4-HI2 (ST10, ST131, ST162, ST354 and ST4204) but also IncI2 (ST12990) plasmids or in the chromosome (ST656). Whole-genome sequencing revealed enrichment of these strains on antibiotic resistance, virulence and metal tolerance genes. Our results underscore gulls as important spreaders of high-priority bacteria and genes that may affect the environment, food-animals and/or humans, potentially undermining One-Health strategies to reduce colistin resistance.202235726894
2643150.9936Fecal carriage of multi-drug resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamases producing E. coli in household pigeons, Bangladesh. Antibiotic resistance and ESBL constitute a risk to human and animal health. Birds residing close to humans could mirror the spectrum of human associated antibiotic resistance. Household pigeons were screened in Bangladesh to shed light on human associated, as well as, environmental antibiotic resistance. Escherichia coli from pigeons (n=150) were tested against 11 antibiotics. 89% E. coli isolates were resistant to one or more critically important human antibiotics like ampicillin, cefadroxil, mecillinam, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and tigecycline. No carbapenamase-producers were detected and the lower ESBL prevalence (5%) in pigeons. ESBL-producing E. coli isolates had blaCTX-M-15 genes. Pigeons shared some bacterial clones and had bird associated sequence types like E. coli ST1408. Fecal carriage of bacteria resistance of critically important human antibiotics, together with examples of shared genotypes among pigeons, indicate the human-birds and bird to bird transmissions are important in the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance.201424290770
5609160.9936Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal Bacteria from Large-Scale Chicken Flocks in the Dél-Alföld Region of Hungary. Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is increasingly acknowledged as a critical global challenge, posing serious risks to human and animal health and potentially disrupting poultry production systems. Commensal bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Escherichia coli may serve as important reservoirs and vectors of resistance genes. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the AMR profiles of bacterial strains isolated from industrial chicken farms in the Dél-Alföld region of Hungary, providing region-specific insights into resistance dynamics. Methods: A total of 145 isolates, including Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and E. coli isolates, were subjected to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing against 15 antimicrobial agents, following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Advanced multivariate statistics, machine learning algorithms, and network-based approaches were employed to analyze resistance patterns and co-resistance associations. Results Multidrug resistance (MDR) was identified in 43.9% of Staphylococcus spp. isolates, 28.8% of Enterococcus spp. isolates, and 75.6% of E. coli isolates. High levels of resistance to florfenicol, enrofloxacin, and potentiated sulfonamides were observed, whereas susceptibility to critical antimicrobials such as imipenem and vancomycin remained largely preserved. Discussion: Our findings underscore the necessity of implementing region-specific AMR monitoring programs and strengthening multidisciplinary collaboration within the "One Health" framework with proper animal hygiene and biosecurity measures to limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance and protect both animal and human health.202540872642
5612170.9936Epidemiological factors associated with the prevalence of mobile genetic elements, and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Klebsiella pneumoniae of farm environments in Bangladesh. Farm environments serve as reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), spreading resistance genes. Klebsiella pneumoniae, a nosocomial opportunistic pathogen, often acquires resistance through MGEs. This study examined the prevalence, resistance patterns, and factors associated with MGEs in K. pneumoniae isolates, focusing on environmental and management practices. 48 pooled samples were collected from environmental niches in three major districts of Bangladesh including Dhaka, Barisal, and Sylhet and analyzed using standard microbiological techniques and PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed per CLSI (2020) guidelines, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were identified. Genotypic resistance patterns and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), including class 1 integrons and plasmids, were detected via PCR. Fisher's exact test evaluated factors associated with MGEs. Overall, 66.66% tested positive for K. pneumoniae. Regarding resistance patterns, the highest resistance was observed to ertapenem (90.6%) and ampicillin (84%), while complete sensitivity was noted to several antibiotics, including amikacin and tigecycline. Among the tested isolates, 53.12% were identified as MDR. Genotypic analysis revealed that bla(CTX-M), bla(NDM-5,)bla(Oxa-1) and bla(Oxa-48) were the most prevalent. Additionally, the presence of MGEs including class 1 integron and IncQ type plasmid were significantly associated with factors such as poor sanitation, antibiotic misuse, and high cattle density, highlighting critical areas for intervention. This study revealed that MDR K. pneumoniae circulates in food animals' farm environments in Bangladesh, with environmental factors strongly linked to the presence of MGEs. Farm niches, particularly soil, act as key reservoirs of MGEs and resistance genes. Importantly, these also carry serious implications for human health, as resistance genes may transfer to clinical settings, exacerbating the burden of AMR. Strengthening environmental and agricultural policies through a One Health approach is essential to mitigate the public health threat posed by antimicrobial resistance.202540619416
5738180.9936Unveiling the Genomic Landscape of Understudied Salmonella enterica Serovars from Poultry and Human: Implications for Food Safety. Despite the bacteria of the genus Salmonella are pathogens of zoonotic importance, the factors associated with some serovars genetic diversity remain unclear. We investigated genotypic profiles of antimicrobial resistance, plasmid replicons, and virulence factors in 301 S. enterica genomes from human and animal sources, supplemented by ten sequenced genomes from fecal samples of laying hens in Brazil. Many antimicrobial resistance genes have been detected across various Salmonella serovars; with a limited number of unique resistance genes predicted in poultry isolates compared to human isolates. Specifically, among the 52 antimicrobial resistance genes identified, 48% were shared between poultry and human isolates, while 21.1% were exclusive to poultry isolates and 30.7% were exclusive to human isolates. Chromosomal mutations in the gyrA and parC genes were also predicted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to report S. Braenderup carrying the SPI-10. SGI-1 was detected in a few isolates of S. Schwarzengrund from poultry and the CS54 island was solely noticed in genomes referring to the serovars S. Saintpaul and S. Braenderup. Among the serovars analyzed, S. Saintpaul showed the lowest plasmid diversity. A total of 161 (161/271) virulence genes were common to all serovars, the remaining genes were exclusively identified within specific serovars, revealing a distinct distribution pattern within the S. enterica population. Overall, our study brings to light the genetic potential of Salmonella serovars frequently neglected in poultry production, which threatens public health, particularly due to multidrug-resistant profiles against active principles used to treat human infections.202540327155
1652190.9935Diversity of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria isolated from Australian chicken and pork meat. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are frequently isolated from retail meat and may infect humans. To determine the diversity of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in Australian retail meat, bacteria were cultured on selective media from raw chicken (n = 244) and pork (n = 160) meat samples obtained from all four major supermarket chains in the ACT/NSW, Australia, between March and June 2021. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed for 13 critically and 4 highly important antibiotics as categorised by the World Health Organization (WHO) for a wide range of species detected in the meat samples. A total of 288 isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify the presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, virulence genes, and plasmids. AST testing revealed that 35/288 (12%) of the isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR). Using WGS data, 232/288 (81%) of the isolates were found to harbour resistance genes for critically or highly important antibiotics. This study reveals a greater diversity of AMR genes in bacteria isolated from retail meat in Australia than previous studies have shown, emphasising the importance of monitoring AMR in not only foodborne pathogenic bacteria, but other species that are capable of transferring AMR genes to pathogenic bacteria.202438440146