TOTALLY - Word Related Documents




#
Rank
Similarity
Title + Abs.
Year
PMID
012345
232000.9967Multi-drug resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli and its treatment by Chinese medicine. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the resistance and virulence profiles of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and its treatment by Chinese medicine (CM) Fuzheng Qingre Lishi Formula (, FQLF). METHODS: UPEC strains were isolated from recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) patients. Patient sensitivities to 17 antibiotics were tested by the disk diffusion method. Virulence genes were screened by plolymerase chain reaction. A mouse model was constructed using a multi-drug resistant and virulent UPEC strain and treated with FQLF or the antibiotic imipenem. The treatment efficacy was evaluated by bacterial clearance from urine and the urinary organs. RESULTS: A total of 90 UPEC strains were collected, and 94.4% of the isolates were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic. Approximately 66.7% of the UPEC strains were multi-drug resistant. More than one virulence gene was found in 85.6% of the isolates. The extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-positive strains were more resistant than the negative ones. The virulence gene number was positively correlated with the resistance number (P<0.05). A mouse model was successfully constructed using UPEC10. Treatment with either FQLF or antibiotics significantly cleared bacteria from the mouse urine after 14 days. In the untreated control, the bacteria lasted for 28 days. FQLF treatment of the UTI mouse model greatly reduced the bacterial number in the kidney and bladder, but could not completely clear the bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: Multi-drug resistance is common among UPEC isolates, and the resistance is positively related with virulence. FQLF could treat UPEC UTIs, but could not completely clear the bacteria from the host.201728028717
236010.9966Evaluating the antibiotic resistance and frequency of adhesion markers among Escherichia coli isolated from type 2 diabetes patients with urinary tract infection and its association with common polymorphism of mannose-binding lectin gene. The present paper aims to determine the frequency and antibiotic resistance patterns of pathogenic bacteria, the virulence factor profile of Escherichia coli and mannose-binding lectin (MBL) gene polymorphism in individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) and urinary tract infection (UTI). The population under study was 130 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and UTI. The patients' clinical characteristics and urine and blood samples (5 mL) were collected. Antibiotic resistance was determined using a disc diffusion method, and the results were interpreted according to CLSI. The presence of virulence genes was detected by multiplex PCR. To detect the MBL gene polymorphism, PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods were applied. The predominant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria included E. coli and Streptococcus spp.viridans group, respectively. Women were more susceptible to the incidence of UTI than men. The E. coli isolates showed a high level of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (87.35%), and nitrofurantoin and ceftizoxime were the most effective antimicrobial agents for E. coli. Cefotaxime and ceftizoxime were the most effective antimicrobial agents for Enterobacter spp., norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin were the most effective antimicrobial agents for Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. papGII (52.87%) and papEF (1.14%) had the highest and lowest frequency among examined genes in E. coli isolates, respectively. The GG genotype had the highest frequency among patients with T2DM and UTI. Results showed that the detection of E. coli in individuals with an AA genotype, codon 54 of the MBL gene, can play an important role in the molecular diagnosis and timely treatment of bacterial infections in individuals with diabetes.202033364032
219220.9966Distribution and Drug Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria in Diabetic Patients with Double J-Stent Associated Infections. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in diabetic patients with double J-stent associated infections, and to explore the strategies for prevention and treatment of the infections. METHODS: From January 2019 to December 2021, 266 diabetic patients treated with double J-stent placement in our hospital assessed for eligibility were recruited. Urine and double J-stent samples were collected for pathogenicity assay and screened for biofilm bacteria. Pathogenic bacteria distribution and drug resistance were examined. RESULTS: A total of 97 strains (36.5%) of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from urine samples and 129 strains (48.5%) from double J-stent samples (P > 0.05). 3 strains (1.1%) of biofilm bacteria were separated from urine samples and 106 strains (39.8%) from double J-stent samples (P < 0.05). In the double J-stent samples, there were significantly higher ratios of Gram-positive bacteria separated from biofilm bacteria versus the urine-cultured pathogens (44.3%/61.3%, P < 0.05), and higher drug resistance was observed in biofilm bacteria versus urine-cultured pathogens (P < 0.05). Fosfomycin tromethamine showed remarkable susceptibility to both urinary cultured pathogens and double J-stent biofilm bacteria. CONCLUSION: Diabetic patients with double J-stent biofilm-positive bacteria are mainly Gram-positive bacteria, which are prone to biofilm formation and show strong drug resistance.202235652084
233330.9965Prevalence of USP and hlyA Genes and Association with Drug Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from Patients in a Tertiary Hospital from Southeast China. E. coli was cultured from the urine of patients from the tertiary hospital located in Southeast China from 2017 to 2019. The species were identified, drug sensitivity test was performed, and the presence of the virulence genes USP and hlyA was determined. A total of 483 strains of E. coli were isolated, including 132 from patients with urinary tract infection (UTI). The resistance to ciprofloxacin was more common in non-UTI patients, while resistance to gentamycin was significantly higher in the UTI group. In the UTI group, the proportions of isolated bacteria with the virulence USP (40.15%) and hlyA (8.33%) genes were significantly higher than in the non-UTI group (19.60 and 2.56%, respectively). The rate of resistance of E. coli toward levofloxacin in the USP(+) group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than in the USP- group. Thus, we revealed the differences in the rate of drug resistance and prevalence of USP and hlyA between the UTI and non-UTI groups. Furthermore, the presence of the USP gene was found to be associated with greater resistance to levofloxacin.202236437317
248740.9965Clinical cases, drug resistance, and virulence genes profiling in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) as the most important bacterial agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses a wide treasure of virulence genes and factors. In due to this default, the aim of this research was to detect and identify some important virulence genes including cnf1, upaH, hlyA, ibeA, and cdtB in isolated UPEC pathotypes. In this research, clinical samples of urine were collected in Shahr-e-Qods, Tehran, Iran. The UPEC pathotypes were confirmed by standard biochemical tests. The DNAs of isolated bacteria were extracted. The genes of cnf1, upaH, hlyA, ibeA, and cdtB were run for multiplex PCR and gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, the antibiogram was done for the isolated UPEC strains by 11 common antibiotics. In accordance with the results, the virulence genes of cnf1, upaH, hlyA, ibeA, and cdtB were respectively recognized in 100%, 51.2%, 38.4%, 9.3%, and 0% of isolated UPEC pathotypes. In consequence, the final virulence gene profiling of the isolated UPEC strains was patterned as cnf1, cnf1-upaH, cnf1-upaH-hlyA, and cnf1-upaH-hlyA-ibeA. The chi-square tests showed no significant correlations between virulence gene profile and UTIs, between virulence gene profile and antibiotic resistance, and between virulence genes and different types of UTIs. The cnf1 virulence gene contributes in the occurrence of all types of UTIs. In contrast to cnf1, the cdtB gene was absent in the isolated UPEC strains in this investigation. The most ineffective antibiotics were recognized as Penicillin, Tetracycline, and Nalidixic acid, respectively, while Streptomycin, Chloramphenicol, and Ciprofloxacin are the best options for UTIs treatment.202031950434
232550.9965Association of Virulence Genes with Antibiotic Resistance in Pakistani Uropathogenic E. coli Isolates. BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli various strains can cause alarmingly serious infections. Countries like Pakistan harbour the class of bacteria with one of the highest rates of resistance, but very little has been done to explore their genetic pool. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to find out the frequency of virulence genes of Uropathogenic E. coli and their association with antibiotic resistance along with the evolutionary adaptation of the selected gene through the phylogenetic tree. METHODS: Isolates from 120 urinary tract infected patients were collected. Antibiotic sensitivity was detected by the disk diffusion method and DNA extraction was done by the boiling lysis method followed by PCR-based detection of virulence genes. The final results were analysed using the chi-square test. RESULTS: The isolates were found to be least susceptible to nalidixic acid, followed by ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, aztreonam, amoxicillin, gentamycin, nitrofurantoin and imipenem. The iucC was the most common virulence gene among the resistant isolates. About 86% of the collected samples were found to be multi-drug resistant. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between the iucC gene and resistance to ampicillin (P=0.03) and amoxicillin (P=0.04), and also between fimH and resistance to aztreonam (P=0.03). CONCLUSION: This study unravels the uncharted virulence genes of UPEC in our community for the very first time. We report a high frequency of the iucC and fimH virulence genes. This, along with their positive association with resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in the studied community, indicates their important role in the development of complicated UTIs.202032238138
577460.9964The correlation between the presence of quorum sensing, toxin-antitoxin system genes and MIC values with ability of biofilm formation in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. INTRODUCTION: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium that considered as important opportunistic human pathogen. One of the mechanisms that help bacteria to tolerate survival in adverse conditions and resistance to antibiotics is biofilm formation through quorum sensing (QS) signals and toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems. QS and TA are two systems that have important roles in biofilm formation. QS is a global regulatory mechanism that enable bacteria to communicate with each other by production of auto inducers (AI) molecules in population. Because of importance biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa infections, here, we studied frequency of QS and TA genes among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa with ability of biofilm formation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and forty clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected from Tehran and Ilam hospitals. The isolates were identified by biochemical tests. Biofilm formation was evaluated by microplate method. After DNA extraction by boiling method, the frequency of QS genes (lasIR, rhlIR), and TA genes (mazEF, relBE, hipBA, ccdAB and mqsR) were analyzed by PCR. RESULTS: Our results showed that maximum resistance is related to aztreonam (72.85%) antibiotic. Most of isolates were able to produce biofilm (87.15%) and the majority of them formed strong biofilm (56.42%). PCR results showed that frequency of mazEF, relBE, hipBA, ccdAB, mqsR, lasIR and rhlIR genes were 85.71, 100, 1.42, 100, 57.14, 93.57 and 83.57 percent, respectively. CONCLUSION: Clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa had high ability to form biofilm, and QS and TA system genes among these isolates were very high (except hipBA genes). There are significaut correlation between biofilm for mation and present of QS and TA system genes.201425870745
221270.9964Distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing urinary tract infection in patients with urinary calculi. OBJECTIVE: This study set out to clarify the distribution and drug resistance of pathogens causing urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with urinary calculi. METHODS: Pathogens were isolated from urine samples of patients with urinary calculi also complicated with UTIs, during the period from 2015 to 2019, and the samples were cultured for drug sensitivity testing to study the drug resistance of pathogens. The results were analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software. RESULTS: Gram-negative bacteria were the main pathogens found in patients with urinary calculi complicated with UTI (84.52%). Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Monilia albicans were the most common Gram-negative bacteria (48.84%), Gram-positive bacteria (34.78%) and fungus (29.41%), respectively. The UTI rates were higher in female patients than in male patients, and were higher in patients ≥ 60 years old compared with those < 60 years old. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae had the highest resistance to ampicillin and the lowest resistance to imipenem. Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus Faecium had the highest resistance to penicillin and ampicillin, but the lowest resistance to vancomycin and linezolid. CONCLUSION: The present study found that the pathogenic bacteria found in patients with urinary calculi complicated with UTI are mainly Gram-negative bacteria; and Escherichia coli is the main pathogenic bacteria causing the infection. Gender and age may be risk factors for urinary calculi complicated with UTI. Antibiotics should be selected reasonably according to the drug resistance pattern of pathogenic bacteria in clinical anti-infection management.202134650726
248680.9964Virulence-associated genes and antimicrobial resistance patterns in bacteria isolated from pregnant and nonpregnant women with urinary tract infections: the risk of neonatal sepsis. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is classified as the major causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs). UPEC virulence and antibiotic resistance can lead to complications in pregnant women and (or) newborns. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the etiological agents of UTIs, as well as to identify genes related to virulence factors in bacteria isolated from pregnant and nonpregnant women. A total of 4506 urine samples were collected from pregnant and nonpregnant women. Urine cultures were performed, and PCR was used to identify phylogroups and virulence-related genes. Antibiotic resistance profiles were determined. The incidence of UTIs was 6.9% (pregnant women, n = 206 and nonpregnant women, n = 57), and UPEC belonging to phylogroup A was the most prevalent. The presence of genes related to capsular protection, adhesins, iron acquisition, and serum protection in UPEC was associated with not being pregnant, while the presence of genes related to adhesins was associated with pregnancy. Bacteria isolated from nonpregnant women were more resistant to antibiotics; 36.5% were multidrug resistant, and 34.9% were extensively drug resistant. Finally, UTIs were associated with neonatal sepsis risk, particularly in pregnant women who underwent cesarean section while having a UTI caused by E. coli. In conclusion, UPEC isolated from nonpregnant women carried more virulence factors than those isolated from pregnant women, and maternal UTIs were associated with neonatal sepsis risk.202337815047
269890.9964EHEC, EPEC, and ETEC strains and their antibiotic resistance in drinking and tap water samples. BACKGROUND: Investigating of the presence of Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) strains and their antibiotic resistance in natural spring waters and tap waters from two university hospitals, in Istanbul. METHODS: E. coli strains isolated from water samples were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using stx-1, stx-2, eaeA genes specific for EHEC; eaeA, bfp genes specific for EPEC and lt, st genes specific for ETEC. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were done according to the Kirby-Bauer method using The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. RESULTS: E. coli strains were isolated from only five (2.7%) out of 184 water samples. Only one of the 36 E. coli strains isolated from these five water samples was found to be extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) positive. According to PCR, ten E. coli strains isolated from one drinking water were identified as ETEC. Other than E. coli strains, coliforms and non-fermentative Gram negative bacteria were also isolated from waters. It was shown that 60 (81.1%) of these 74 strains isolated, other than E. coli, were found to be multiple resistant. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to our expectations, it has been shown that natural spring waters (drinking waters) can be much more contaminated with fecal bacteria when compared with tap waters. The presence of pathogenic E. coli strains and antibiotic resistant Gram negative bacteria especially in drinking waters emphasize the importance of these types of studies.201525807645
2186100.9964Bacterial drug-resistance patterns and genetic diversity of bacteria-associated bacteriuria in diabetic patients in Ghana. OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to determine the etiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs), resistance profiles of isolated bacteria, and virulence factors of Escherichia coli associated with bacteriuria in diabetic patients in Ghana. METHODS: Midstream urine samples from 982 diabetic patients were tested for uropathogens at the National Diabetes Management and Research Centre in Ghana, using standard bacteriological methods, with antibiogram testing of the isolates using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, as per CLSI guidelines. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to investigate the phylogenetic groupings and virulence factor (VF) genes of isolated E. coli. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of UTIs was 9.2%, and the main uropathogens were Klebsiella spp. (55.6%) and Escherichia coli (31.3%). Age, duration of diabetes, and a previous history of UTIs were risk factors associated with UTI (p-value < 0.05). High levels of antibacterial resistance to cefuroxime (84%), ampicillin (80%), and gentamicin (70.7%) were observed. The distribution of VFs in each phylogenetic group revealed that sfa-iutA-KpsTMII-KpsTMIII genes were associated with group B2, and iutA-ibe were associated with group D. CONCLUSIONS: The isolated uropathogens were highly resistant, and the E. coli isolates possessed varying VFs. Continuous monitoring of bacteria associated with UTI in diabetics is highly recommended.202135757820
1164110.9964The distribution of beta lactamase genes in Escherichia coli phylotypes isolated from diarrhea and UTI cases in northwest Iran. BACKGROUND: Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains are a common cause of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections, especially in developing countries. Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLS), a heterogeneous group of plasmid-encoded beta-lactamases, are common throughout the world. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of ESBLS produced by E. coli isolates taken from patients with diarrhea and urinary tract infections (UTI) in northwest Iran. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 132 E. coli isolates (92 isolates from UTI and 40 isolates from diarrheic cases) were recovered and confirmed by biochemical tests. The isolates were examined for blaTEM and blaSHV genes and phylogenetic background by two multiplex PCR assays. The isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility against nine antibiotic agents by the disk diffusion method. RESULTS: The phylogenetic analysis showed that the UTI isolates mostly fell into phylo-group B2, followed by D, while the diarrheic isolates belonged to phylo-groups D and A. Out of 92 UTI isolates, 29.3% and 17.4% possessed blaTEM and blaSHV genes, respectively. Ten diarrheic isolates were positive for blaTEM, two isolates possessed the blaSHV gene, and one isolate was positive for both genes. The UTI isolates that were positive for blaTEM and blaSHV genes mostly belonged to phylo-groups D and B2, whereas the diarrhea isolates were in phylo-groups D and A. Phylogenetic group D isolates have an accumulation of ESBLS genes in the diarrheic and UTI isolates. In both the UTI and diarrhea isolates, the maximum rate of resistance was against cefazolin, and the minimum rate of resistance was against nitrofurantoin. Twenty-four antibiotic resistance patterns were observed among the isolates. The amikacin, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, cefazolin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance pattern was the most prevalent in the isolates that belonged to phylo-group D. CONCLUSIONS: The correct choice of effective antibiotic policy is needed to limit the spread of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.201425166436
1160120.9963Prevalence of shiga toxins (stx1, stx2), eaeA and hly genes of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains among children with acute gastroenteritis in southern of Iran. OBJECTIVE: To survey the prevalence severe diarrhea arising from these bacteria in children under 5 years old in Marvdasht. METHODS: In this study faecal sample from 615 children aged <5 years old who were hospitalized for gastroenteritis in Fars hospitals in Iran were collected and then enriched in Escherichia coli (E. coli) broth and modified tryptone soy broth with novobiocin media. Fermentation of sorbitol, lactose and β -glucoronidase activity of isolated strains was examined by CT-SMAC, VRBA and chromogenic media respectively. Then isolation of E. coli O157:H7 have been confirmed with the use of specific antisera and with multiplex PCR method presence of virulence genes including: stx1, stx2, eaeA, hly has been analyzed. RESULTS: E. coli O157:H7 was detected in 7 (1.14%) stool specimens. A significant difference was seen between detection rate of isolated bacteria from age groups 18-23 months and other age groups (P=0.004). Out of considered virulence genes, only 1 of the isolated strains (0.16%) the stx1 and eaeA genes were seen and also all isolated bacteria had resistance to penicillin, ampicillin and erythromycin antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: We found that children < 2 years of age were at highest risk of infection with E. coli O157:H7. Regarding severity of E. coli O157:H7 pathogenesis, low infectious dose and lack of routine assay for detection of these bacteria in clinical laboratory, further and completed studies on diagnosis and genotyping of this E. coli O157:H7 strain has been recommended.201525901920
2157130.9963Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from urinary tract infections in Northern Iran. BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the bacteria associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates during 2013-2015 in Northern Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall 3798 patients with clinical symptoms of UTI were subjected as samples, and they were cultured and pure isolated bacteria were identified using biochemical tests and subjected to antibiogram assessment using disc diffusion method. RESULTS: Totally, 568 (14.96%) from 3798 patients had positive UTI. Four hundred and ninety-seven (87.5%) from 568 isolated bacteria were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., and Pseudomonas spp. were the most prevalent bacteria. Isolated bacteria indicated the highest antibiotic resistance to methicillin (76.06%) and ampicillin (89.29%) and also revealed the most sensitivity to imipenem (99.1%) and amikacin (91.57%). Statistical analysis of the resistance pattern trend during 3 years indicated the insignificant increase (P > 0.05) in antibiotic resistance of the isolates. CONCLUSION: The results of this study revealed a great concern for emerging UTI-related multidrug-resistant strains of bacteria causing UTI in Iran.201729026424
1271140.9963Association of exopolysaccharide genes in biofilm developing antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospital wastewater. The study aimed to examine the relationship between antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation and genes responsible for biofilm formation. Sixty-six Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were obtained from hospital wastewater and analyzed for their antibiotic resistance. Biofilm production among the isolates was tested by indirect quantification method crystal violet assay. Biofilm-associated genes among these isolates psl, alg, and pel were also checked. The maximum resistance was observed for ampicillins (88.24%) followed by nalidixic (83.82%), and nitrofurantoin (64.71%), respectively. Biofilm phenotypes are distributed in the following categories: high 39.39% (n = 26); moderate 57.57% (n = 38), and weak 3.0% (n = 2). Among the total isolates, biofilm-associated genes were detected in 84.84% (n = 56) of isolates and the remaining isolates 15.15% (n = 10) did not harbor any genes. In this study, pslB was the most predominant gene observed (71.21%, n = 47) followed by pslA (57.57%, n = 38), pelA (45.45%, n = 30), algD (43.93%, n = 29), and pelD (27.27%, n = 18), respectively. The present study reveals that the majority of the isolates are multidrug resistant being moderate and high biofilm formers. The study implies that biofilm acts as a machinery for bacteria to survive in the hospital effluent which is an antibiotic stress environment.202235100165
5793150.9963Association between Escherichia coli with NotI-restriction resistance and urinary tract infections. BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). It is widely accepted that uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) mainly emerge from the distal gut microbiota. Identification of bacterial characteristics that are able to differentiate UPEC from fecal commensal strains will facilitate the development of novel strategies to detect and monitor the spread of UPEC. METHODS: Fifty fecal commensal, 83 UTI-associated and 40 biliary tract infection (BTI)-associated E. coli isolates were analyzed. The NotI restriction patterns of chromosomal DNA in the isolates were determined by pulse-field gel electrophoresis. The phylogenetic types and the presence of 9 known virulence genes of each isolate were determined by PCR analyses. Additionally, the susceptibilities of the isolates to antibiotics were revealed. Then the associations of NotI resistance with UTI-associated isolates, phylotypes, and antibiotic resistance were assessed. RESULTS: NotI resistance was correlated with UTI-associated isolates, compared to the fecal isolates. Consistently, NotI-resistant isolates harbored a greater number of virulence factors and mainly belonged to phylotype B2. Additionally NotI resistance was correlated with chloramphenicol resistance among the bacteria. Among the fecal, UTI-associated and BTI-associated groups, the distribution of NotI-resistant group B2 isolates was correlated with UTI-associated bacteria. CONCLUSION: NotI resistance alone is a potential marker for distinguishing fecal strains and UPEC, while the combination of NotI resistance and B2 phylogeny is a candidate marker to differentiate UPEC from fecal and other extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli. Additionally, NotI resistance may be valuable for assessing the potential of chloramphenicol resistance of E. coli.202234963576
2370160.9963Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Gram-Negative Pathogenic Bacteria Species Isolated from Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica in Varanasi, India. BACKGROUND: Cockroaches are among the medically important pests found within the human habitations that cause serious public health problems. They may harbor a number of pathogenic bacteria on the external surface with antibiotic resistance. Hence, they are regarded as major microbial vectors. This study investigates the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria species isolated from Periplaneta americana and Blattella germanica in Varanasi, India. METHODS: Totally, 203 adult cockroaches were collected form 44 households and 52 food-handling establishments by trapping. Bacteriological examination of external surfaces of Pe. americana and Bl. germanica were carried out using standard method and antibiotics susceptibility profiles of the isolates were determined using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods. RESULTS: Among the places, we found that 54% had cockroache infestation in households and 77% in food- handling establishments. There was no significant different between the overall bacteria load of the external surface in Pe. americana (64.04%) and Bl. germanica (35.96%). However the predominant bacteria on cockroaches were Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, Kl. pneumoniae and Ps. aeruginosa were the most prevalent, drug-resistant strains were isolated from the cockroaches with 100% resistance to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and ampicillin. For individual strains of bacteria, Escherichia coli was found to have multi-resistance to four antibiotic tested, Citrobacter freundii four, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus mirabilis to three. CONCLUSION: Cockroaches are uniformly distributed in domestic environment, which can be a possible vector for transmission of drug-resistant bacteria and food-borne diseases.201425629061
2137170.9963High prevalence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation in Salmonella Gallinarum. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Antibiotic resistance is an indicator of the passively acquired and circulating resistance genes. Salmonella Gallinarum significantly affects the poultry food industry. The present study is the first study of the S. Gallinarum biofilm in Iran, which is focused on the characterization of the S. Gallinarum serovars and their acquired antibiotic resistance genes circulating in poultry fields in central and northwestern Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty isolates of S. Gallinarum serovar were collected from feces of live poultry. The bacteria were isolated using biochemical tests and confirmed by Multiplex PCR. Biofilm formation ability and the antibacterial resistance were evaluated using both phenotypic and genotypic methods. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. RESULTS: According to Multiplex PCR for ratA, SteB, and rhs genes, all 60 S. Gallinarum serovars were Gallinarum biovars. In our study, the antibiotic resistance rate among isolated strains was as follows: Penicillin (100%), nitrofurantoin (80%), nalidixic acid (45%), cefoxitin (35%), neomycin sulfate (30%), chloramphenicol (20%), and ciprofloxacin (5%). All isolates were susceptible to imipenem, ertapenem, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and ceftazidime+clavulanic acid. All sixty isolates did not express the resistance genes IMP, VIM, NDM, DHA, bla(OXA48), and qnrA. On the other hand, they expressed GES (85%), qnrB (75%), Fox M (70%), SHV (60%), CITM (20%), KPC (15%), FOX (10%), MOXM (5%), and qnrS (5%). All S. Gallinarum isolates formed biofilm and expressed sdiA gene. CONCLUSION: Considering that the presence of this bacteria is equal to the death penalty to the herd, the distribution of resistance genes could be a critical alarm for pathogen monitoring programs in the region. This study showed a positive correlation between biofilm formation and 50% of tested resistance genes. Also, it was found that the most common circulating S. gallinarum biovars are multidrug-resistant.202337941876
2334180.9963High Virulence and Multidrug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated in Periodontal Disease. Periodontal disease is caused by different gram-negative anaerobic bacteria; however, Escherichia coli has also been isolated from periodontitis and its role in periodontitis is less known. This study aimed to determine the variability in virulence genotype, antibiotic resistance phenotype, biofilm formation, phylogroups, and serotypes in different emerging periodontal strains of Escherichia coli, isolated from patients with periodontal disease and healthy controls. E. coli, virulence genes, and phylogroups, were identified by PCR, antibiotic susceptibility by the Kirby-Bauer method, biofilm formation was quantified using polystyrene microtiter plates, and serotypes were determined by serotyping. Although E. coli was not detected in the controls (n = 70), it was isolated in 14.7% (100/678) of the patients. Most of the strains (n = 81/100) were multidrug-resistance. The most frequent adhesion genes among the strains were fimH and iha, toxin genes were usp and hlyA, iron-acquisition genes were fyuA and irp2, and protectin genes were ompT, and KpsMT. Phylogroup B2 and serotype O25:H4 were the most predominant among the strains. These findings suggest that E. coli may be involved in periodontal disease due to its high virulence, multidrug-resistance, and a wide distribution of phylogroups and serotypes.202236677337
2684190.9963Prevalence, characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from beef meat in Meknes city, Morocco. INTRODUCTION: Listeria monocytogenes is one of the most pathogenic bacteria related to the consumption of contaminated food. This study aims to determine the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in raw beef meat in Meknes city of Morocco, to evaluate its pathogenicity and resistance to antimicrobials. METHODS: During four seasons, a total of 140 samples were collected from supermarkets, butcheries and Souk (weekly traditional market). The PCR method was used to examine the presence of specific and virulence genes in the isolated strains, and also to identify their serotypes. The antimicrobial resistance was determined. RESULTS: The results show a prevalence of 7.14% which depends on retail sites and also on the season's variation. The majority of the strains were detected in butcheries (6 strains), and supermarkets (4 strains). Moreover, the majority of strains were detected during summer (50%). Concerning virulence genes, the seven researched genes were detected in 100% of isolated strains. The majority of strains were of the (1/2a, 1/2c, 3a and 3c) serogroup (70%), while two of them were of the (1/2b, 3b, 4b and 4d) serogroup (20%). All isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial, while three strains were resistant to nine tested antimicrobials. However, they were highly susceptible to amikacin, imipenem, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol. CONCLUSIONS: According to results, isolated L. monocytogenes from analyzed beef meat shows a high level of pathogenicity and resistance to the most used antimicrobials in listeriosis therapy, which calls for the severe application of quality systems at the slaughterhouses and retail sites level.202032656103