# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1414 | 0 | 0.9969 | Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in intensive care units of Sanandaj general hospitals (Kurdistan, Iran). This study focused on analyzing the spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes among Gram-negative bacteria at intensive care units (ICUs). Between January 2007 and January 2008, 301 consecutive clinical isolates of Gram-negative type were isolated. Of these, 66 strains were collected from patients in ICUs in two major hospitals in Sanandaj (Kurdistan, Iran). The isolates were identified, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and analyzed for the presence of ESBL using the double-disk synergy test. Isolates with a positive ESBL phenotype were subjected to PCR for SHV, TEM, OXA and CTX-M beta-lactamase gene families. Sixty-six Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from clinical samples of 66 ICU patients. These isolates included 16 Escherichia coli, 28 Enterobacter spp., 5 Pseudomonas spp., 10 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 Serratia marcescens and 1 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Twenty-three (34.85%) of these isolates were ESBL producing. The ESBL genes detected were SHV, TEM, OXA-1, OXA-2 and CTX-M. The results show the presence of ESBL genes among Gram-negative bacteria in the ICU setting of Sanandaj's hospitals. There is a need to institute a strict hospital infection control policy and regular surveillance of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents. | 2009 | 19521074 |
| 2119 | 1 | 0.9969 | Detection of bla(IMP) and bla(VIM) metallo-β-lactamases genes among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Acquired Metallo-β-Lactamases (MBLs) are emerging resistance determinants in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacteria.Using Combination Disk Diffusion test, it was found that among 83 imipenem non-susceptible P. aeruginosa strains, 48 (57.9%) were MBL producers. PCR and Sequencing methods proved that these isolates were positive for blaIMP-1 genes, whereas none were positive for bla(VIM) genes. The mortality rate due to MBL-producing Pseudomonas infection was 4 (8.3%) among the hospitalized patients. Therefore, identification of drug resistance patterns in P. aeruginosa and detection of MBLs producing isolates are of great importance in the prevention and control of infections. | 2013 | 23638331 |
| 2123 | 2 | 0.9969 | Phenotypic and genotypic detection of resistance mechanisms in carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria isolated from Egyptian ICU patients with first emergence of NDM-1 producing Klebsiella oxytoca. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Carbapenems are considered the last resort to treat several infections, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). However, increasing carbapenem resistance is problematic because it leads to high morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to determine the rate of carbapenem resistance among Gram-negative bacteria collected from patients in ICUs and to identify their resistance mechanisms using phenotypic and genotypic methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the disc diffusion method among 180 Gram-negative bacterial isolates. Productions of carbapenemases, metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) and the harboring of carbapenemase-encoding genes, were detected in 40 selected carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB). RESULTS: Of 40 selected CR-GNB isolates, 28 (70%), and 20 (50%) isolates were phenotypically positive for carbapenemase, and MBL production, respectively. Furthermore, 22 (55%) showed amplification of one or more of the carbapenemase-encoding genes, including bla (NDM-1), bla (VIM-2), and bla (OXA-48). This study described the first emergence of NDM-1 producing Klebsiella oxytoca in Egyptian ICUs. CONCLUSION: High incidence of CR-GNB detected in the ICUs in our study area may be attributed to the overuse of antibiotics, including carbapenems, and improper application of infection control measures. These findings confirm the need for the application of a strict antibiotic stewardship program. | 2022 | 36721446 |
| 950 | 3 | 0.9969 | Incidence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Genes (ESBLs) among community and health care infection in Mansoura University Hospital, Egypt. BACKGROUND: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria pose a significant challenge due to their limited treatment options. The production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) is an important mechanism of resistance. This study aimed to identify the incidence and characteristics of ESBL-encoding genes (bla(CTX-M), bla(TEM), bla(SHV), and bla(OXA)) in MDR isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to May 2023. ESBL-producing isolates (n = 105) out of 412 were recovered from hospitalized and outpatient settings and analyzed. Standard microbiological methods were used for isolates identification, susceptibility testing, and phenotypic ESBL detection. Additionally, bla(CTX-M), bla(TEM), bla(SHV), and bla(OXA) genes were identified using conventional PCR. RESULTS: Molecular profiling of β-lactamase determinants was conducted via PCR targeting bla(CTX-M), bla(TEM), bla(SHV), and bla(OXA) genes. Among phenotypically confirmed (100%) ESBL producers, 98% harbored one or more target genes, with bla(CTX-M) predominant (81%), followed by bla(SHV) (70.4%), bla(TEM) (62%), and bla(OXA) (30.4%). Carbapenem resistance was higher in ESBL-producing strains compared to non-ESBL strains. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates were the most common across hospital departments and outpatients. DISCUSSION: This study highlights the significant prevalence of ESBL genes and multidrug resistance among Gram-negative bacteria. The dominance of bla(CTX-M) and the existence of multiple resistance genes raise concerns about limited treatment options. The findings emphasize the need for stricter antibiotic stewardship and infection control measures to curb the spread of MDR pathogens. CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable insights into the alarming incidence of ESBL genes and MDR in Mansoura, Egypt. Continuous surveillance and implementation of effective control strategies are crucial to combat this growing public health threat. | 2025 | 40405086 |
| 1425 | 4 | 0.9969 | Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Complicated Intraabdominal Infection Pathogens in Two Tertiary Hospitals in Egypt. Background: Management of complicated intraabdominal infections (cIAIs) requires containment of the source and appropriate initial antimicrobial therapy. Identifying the local data is important to guide the empirical selection of antimicrobial therapy. In this study, we aimed to describe the pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance of cIAI. Methods: In two major tertiary care hospitals in Egypt, we enrolled patients who met the case definition of cIAI from October 2022 to September 2023. Blood cultures were performed using the BACTAlert system (BioMerieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). A culture of aspirated fluid, resected material, or debridement of the infection site was performed. Identification of pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were conducted by the VITEK-2 system (BioMerieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). Gram-negative resistance genes were identified by PCR and confirmed by whole bacterial genome sequencing using the Nextera XT DNA Library Preparation Kit and sequencing with the MiSeq Reagent Kit 600 v3 (Illumina, USA) on the Illumina MiSeq. Results: We enrolled 423 patients, 275 (65.01%) males. The median age was 61.35 (range 25-72 years). We studied 452 recovered bacterial isolates. Gram-negative bacteria were the vast majority, dominated by E. coli, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Proteus mirabilis (33.6%, 30.5%, 13.7%, 13%, and 5.4%, respectively). High rates of resistance were detected to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. No resistance was detected to colistin. Resistance to amikacin and tigecycline was low among all isolates. Resistance to meropenem and ceftazidime/avibactam was moderate. ESBL genes were common in E. coli and K. pneumoniae. CTX-M15 gene was the most frequent. Among Enterobacterales, bla(OXA-48) and bla(NDM) were the most prevalent carbapenemase genes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates harbored a wide variety of carbapenemase genes (OXA, NDM, VIM, SIM, GIM, SPM, IMP, AIM), dominated by metallo-beta-lactamases. In 20.6% of isolates, we identified two or more resistance genes. Conclusion: High resistance rates were detected to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. Amikacin and tigecyclines were the most active antimicrobials. Our data call for urgent implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs and reinforcement of infection control. | 2024 | 39172656 |
| 838 | 5 | 0.9968 | KPC and NDM-1 genes in related Enterobacteriaceae strains and plasmids from Pakistan and the United States. To characterize the genomic context of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), we sequenced 78 Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Pakistan and the United States encoding KPC, NDM-1, or no carbapenemase. High similarities of the results indicate rapid spread of carbapenem resistance between strains, including globally disseminated pathogens. | 2015 | 25988236 |
| 951 | 6 | 0.9968 | Analyses of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase, Metallo-β-Lactamase, and AmpC-β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae from the Dairy Value Chain in India. The consumption of milk contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a significant health threat to humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae producing β-lactamases (ESBL, MBL, and AmpC) in cow and buffalo milk samples from two Indian states, Haryana and Assam. A total of 401 milk samples were collected from dairy farmers and vendors in the specified districts. Microbiological assays, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and PCR-based genotyping were employed to analyze 421 Gram-negative bacterial isolates. The overall prevalence of β-lactamase genes was 10% (confidence interval (CI) (7-13)), with higher rates in Haryana (13%, CI (9-19)) compared to Assam (7%, CI (4-11)). The identified β-lactamase genes in isolates were bla(CMY), bla(MOX), bla(FOX), bla(EBC), and bla(DHA), associated with AmpC production. Additionally, bla(CTX-M1), bla(SHV), and bla(TEM) were detected as ESBL producers, while bla(VIM), bla(IMP), bla(SPM), bla(SIM), and bla(GIM) were identified as MBL producers. Notably, Shigella spp. were the dominant β-lactamase producers among identified Enterobacteriaceae. This study highlights the presence of various prevalent β-lactamase genes in milk isolates, indicating the potential risk of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in dairy products. The presence of β-lactam resistance raises concern as this could restrict antibiotic options for treatment. The discordance between genotypic and phenotypic methods emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive approaches that integrate both techniques to accurately assess antibiotic resistance. Urgent collaborative action incorporating rational and regulated use of antibiotics across the dairy value chain is required to address the global challenge of β-lactam resistance. | 2023 | 37760745 |
| 1415 | 7 | 0.9968 | Antibiogram and Molecular Characterization of AmpC and ESBL-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria from Poultry and Abattoir Samples. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The global antibiotic resistance threat posed by ESBL and AmpC-producing Gram-Negative Bacteria (GNB) is a public health menace that rolls back the gains of 'One Health'. This study investigated the antibiogram and prevalence of AmpC and ESBL genes in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. from poultry and abattoir milieus in Enugu and Ebonyi States, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Isolation, identification and characterization of GNB from samples (150 abattoirs and 300 poultry) were done using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST), as well as phenotypic screening for ESBL and AmpC enzymes, was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. PCR technique was used to screen isolated GNB for AmpC and ESBL genes. RESULTS: Exactly 42 E. coli and 8 Klebsiella spp. isolate from poultry samples and another 5 P. aeruginosa isolates from abattoir samples were phenotypically confirmed to be ESBL-producers. AmpC enzymes were phenotypically detected in 8 E. coli and 13 P. aeruginosa isolates from poultry samples. All ESBL and AmpC-positive bacteria exhibited high resistance frequencies to tested antibiotics, especially to the carbapenems and cephalosporins. ESBL genes (CTX-M, SHV-1, TEM) and AmpC genes (ACC-M, MOX-M, DHA-M) were harbored by the isolated GNB in this study. Overall, the DHA-M and CTX-M genes, mediating AmpC and ESBL production respectively were the most prevalent genes harbored by the tested GNB. CONCLUSION: This study reported that AmpC and ESBL genes are harbored by Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, Klebsiella species and P. aeruginosa) that emanated from poultry and abattoir milieus. | 2021 | 33683048 |
| 1434 | 8 | 0.9968 | Molecular characterization of carbapenemases production among environmental Gram-negative isolates at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: first detection of NDM Producers in hospital environments. INTRODUCTION: The Gram-Negative bacteria, particularly carbapenem-resistant strains (CR-GNB), pose a global health threat due to high morbidity and mortality. Detecting carbapenemase-encoding genes is essential for understanding their spread in hospital environments. This study investigated environmental colonization by CR-GNB in Ethiopian hospitals, including genetic characterization of resistance genes. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study analyzed 103 environmental GNB isolates collected from inanimate surfaces at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) and ALERT Hospital (June-September 2021). Conventional microbiological methods identified the isolates, and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Carbapenemase production was screened using the Modified Hodge test (MHT) and combined disk test (CDT). Resistance genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA-48) were detected via PCR in isolates with reduced meropenem susceptibility. RESULTS: The predominant GNB were Acinetobacter baumannii (47%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33%), and E. coli (12%). Among 103 isolates, 62% showed reduced meropenem susceptibility. The most common CR-GNB was Acinetobacter baumannii (37.5%), followed by E. coli (18.8%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.5%). Carbapenemase production was detected in 41.7% of isolates via PCR, with blaNDM being the most common (43 isolates). Linens (26.4%) and beds (21.4%) had the highest contamination rates. Most carbapenemase-producing isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of blaNDM and blaKPC genes highlights hospital surfaces as reservoirs for resistance genes, contributing to healthcare-associated infections. Routine surveillance and early detection of carbapenemase producers are crucial for infection control and antimicrobial resistance management. | 2025 | 40305531 |
| 998 | 9 | 0.9968 | Extended spectrum beta-lactamases among Gram-negative bacteria of nosocomial origin from an intensive care unit of a tertiary health facility in Tanzania. BACKGROUND: Resistance to third generation cephalosporins due to acquisition and expression of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes among Gram-negative bacteria is on the increase. Presence of ESBL producing organisms has been reported to significantly affect the course and outcome of an infection. Therefore infections due to ESBL isolates continue to pose a challenge to infection management worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the existence and to describe phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of ESBLs in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting in Tanzania. METHODS: Between October 2002 and April 2003, clinical information and samples were collected from patients suspected to have nosocomial infections in an Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary hospital in Tanzania. The isolates were identified, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and analysed for presence of ESBL genes. RESULTS: Thirty-nine Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from clinical samples of 39 patients. These isolates included 13 Escherichia coli, 12 Enterobacter spp, 5 Pseudomonas spp, 4 Proteus spp, 2 Klebsiella. pneumoniae, 2 Citrobacter freundii and 1 Chryseomonas luteola. Eleven (28.2%) of these isolates were ESBL producing. The ESBL genes characterised were SHV-12, SHV-28 and CTX-M-15. The ESBL producing isolates were more resistant to gentamicin and ciprofloxacin than non-ESBL producing isolates. CONCLUSION: This study shows the presence of ESBL genes among Gram-negative bacteria in the ICU setting in Tanzania. There is a need to institute strict hospital infection control policy and a regular surveillance of resistance to antimicrobial agents. | 2005 | 16225701 |
| 994 | 10 | 0.9967 | Moroccan Hospital Cockroaches: Carriers of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) is a growing global health concern, particularly in hospital environments, where cockroaches act as vectors for resistant strains. This study aimed to analyze antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation in GNB isolated from cockroaches collected in the hospital environment. Cockroaches were collected, and bacterial isolation was performed from their gut contents and external surfaces. GNB strains were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using the disk diffusion method and examined for Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases production. Molecular characterization of ESBLs and carbapenemases in GNB involved PCR amplification of antibiotic resistance genes, while biofilm formation was studied using a microplate assay. Seventy-five cockroaches were collected from which 165 GNB were isolated. The prevalence of ESBL-producing and carbapenemase-producing GNB was 6.7 and 1.8%, respectively. The predominant ESBL gene was bla(CTX-M-28), while bla(NDM-1) was the only carbapenemase gene detected. The qnrS1 gene was found in one NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and three ESBL-producing Escherichia coli. The qacΔE1 gene was detected in an NDM-1-producing Citrobacter freundii and a CTX-M-28-producing E. coli, whereas one NDM-1-producing Enterobacter cloacae carried both qacΔE1 and acrA genes. Strains harboring qacΔE1 and/or acrA genes exhibited biofilm-forming capabilities, with biofilm formation observed in 81.81% of ESBL-producing isolates and 100% of carbapenemase-producing isolates. The study underscores the role of cockroaches in carrying and disseminating ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing GNB in hospital settings. The coexistence of disinfectant resistance genes and antibiotic resistance suggests co-selection mechanisms, while biofilm formation enhances bacterial survival. These findings underline the urgent need for infection control strategies. | 2025 | 40095169 |
| 2126 | 11 | 0.9967 | Carbapenemase genes among multidrug resistant gram negative clinical isolates from a tertiary hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania. The burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rapidly growing across antibiotic classes, with increased detection of isolates resistant to carbapenems. Data on the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in developing countries is limited; therefore, in this study, we determined the prevalence of carbapenemase genes among multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) isolated from clinical specimens in a tertiary hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania. A total of 227 MDR-GNB isolates were analyzed for carbapenem resistance genes. For each isolate, five different PCR assays were performed, allowing for the detection of the major carbapenemase genes, including those encoding the VIM-, IMP-, and NDM-type metallo-beta-lactamases, the class A KPC-type carbapenemases, and the class D OXA-48 enzyme. Of 227 isolates, 80 (35%) were positive for one or more carbapenemase gene. IMP-types were the most predominant gene followed by VIM, in 49 (21.59%) and 28 (12%) isolates, respectively. Carbapenemase genes were most detected in K. pneumoniae 24 (11%), followed by P. aeruginosa 23 (10%), and E. coli with 19 isolates (8%). We have demonstrated for the first time a high prevalence of MDR-GNB clinical isolates having carbapenem resistance genes in Tanzania. We recommend routine testing for carbapenem resistance among the MDR-GNB particularly in systemic infections. | 2014 | 24707481 |
| 992 | 12 | 0.9967 | Phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of beta-lactamases (ESBL and KPC) among enterobacteria isolated from community-acquired monomicrobial urinary tract infections. Beta-lactamases enzymes such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemase type beta-lactamases (KPC) confer resistance to beta-lactam drugs among Gram-negative rods, mainly Enterobacteriaceae, as those frequently related to urinary tract infections (UTI). The aim of this study was to evaluate ESBL and KPC among enterobacteria isolated from monomicrobial UTI and to establish correlations between the presence of genetic markers and the phenotypic resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Out of 12 304 urine samples collected during 2009, 93 enterobacteria showing an ESBL phenotype were recovered. Imipenem was used for KPC screening and modified disk approximation assay was used for detection of ESBL phenotype. Polymerase chain reaction was used for screening of bla(SHV), bla(TEM), bla(CTX-M), and bla(KPC). Considering the isolated bacteria showing ESBL phenotype 56% of the isolates were positive for two genes. The bla(TEM) was the most frequent (87·1%). Neither KPC phenotype nor bla(KPC)-harboring bacteria were observed. Monitoring the antimicrobial resistance is extremely important to sustain empirical therapy of community-acquired urinary tract infections (Co-UTI). | 2014 | 24621159 |
| 2122 | 13 | 0.9967 | Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of carbapenemase- and extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ozaenae clinical isolates within a hospital in Panama City. Klebsiella pneumoniae spp ozaenae is a versatile bacterial species able to acquire antimicrobial resistance; the species presents a higher antimicrobial resistance profile compared to Klebsiella pneumoniae spp pneumoniae. Carbapenemase and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria commonly arise in clinical settings where antimicrobial stewardship is limited. Our study aims to report the phenotypical and genetic characteristics of nosocomial Klebsiella pneumoniae spp ozaenae isolates associated with mortality collected from a tertiary-level hospital in Panama City. In October 2020, 11 consecutive multidrug-resistant Gram-negative isolates were recovered from secretions and blood cultures from hospitalized patients. Nearly 90% (10/11) of these patients died, and bacteria was obtained from six patients for investigation. Biochemical evaluation of the six isolates revealed the presence of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae spp ozaenae. Phenotypic evaluation indicated resistance to carbapenemase and EBSL. In contrast, genetic evaluation by PCR showed that only 30% (2/6) were resistant to CTX-M-1 (CTX-M group 1), whereas 60.7% (4/6) presented carbapenemase resistance genes, and 33.3% (2/6) presented New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) resistance genes. Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 was identified in 83.3% (5/6) of the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S revealed low homology among the six isolates. These results suggest that antibiotic resistance genes may have been incorporated into these Klebsiella pneumoniae spp ozaenae isolates within the hospital environment. We recommend strengthening the antimicrobial stewardship program and antibiotic control policy, as well as heightened infection control and prevention measures, such as ward sanitation and increased hand washing frequency. | 2021 | 34733509 |
| 1429 | 14 | 0.9967 | Detection of blaKPC and blaGES Carbapenemase Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in Kashan, Iran. INTRODUCTION: Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing bacteria are among the highly antimicrobial resistant gram negative bacteria and infections due to them are an increasingly major health problem worldwide. METHODS: In this study we have detected the blaKPC and blaGES carbapenemase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients in Kashan, Iran. In a cross-sectional study, a total of 181 K. pneumoniae isolates were recovered from clinical specimens during November 2013 to October 2014. RESULT: Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined using disk diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and CLSI guidelines. Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates were identified. PCR method and sequencing were used for detection of blaKPC and blaGES carbapenemase genes. Of the 181 K. pneumoniae isolates, 35 (19.3%) were found to be resistant to imipenem and 150 (82.9%) were identified as MDR strains. Among carbapenems, the most resistant rate 39 (21.5%) was seen against ertapenem using disk diffusion method. Of K. pneumoniae isolates 21 (11.6%) and 42 (23.2%) carried blaKPC and blaGES genes, respectively and 19(10.5%) carried both genes simultaneously. CONCLUSION: The data of current study revealed that the frequency of resistance to carbapenems and production of carbapenemase enzymes especially GES type was high among clinical isolates of K pneumoniae in Kashan, Iran. | 2016 | 27527726 |
| 2120 | 15 | 0.9967 | Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Gram-negative Bacteria in an Iranian Referral Pediatric Hospital: A Present Danger of New Delhi Metallo-β- lactamase. BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacteria has been growing, particularly in developing countries, like Iran. The emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistance mechanisms is a major public health concern because no definite treatments have yet been established for this problem. This study aimed to evaluate antibiotic susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria, metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and carbapenemase-producing genes, including bla (NDM), bla (VIM), and bla (IMP) in patients referred to Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 944 gram-negative isolates were tested in the study, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. Moreover, MBL production of carbapenem-resistant isolates, as well as the presence of bla (NDM), bla (VIM), and bla (IMP), was investigated. RESULTS: The most common gram-negative isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (489 samples, 52%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (167 samples, 18%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (101 samples, 11%), Enterobacter spp. (64 samples, 7%), Pseudomonas spp. (35 samples, 4%), Acinetobacter baumannii (18 samples, 2%), and Burkholderia cepacia (17 samples, 2%). Imipenemresistant was found in 75%, 61%, and 60% of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterobacter spp., and A. baumannii isolates, respectively. Moreover, the highest resistance to meropenem was observed in S. maltophilia, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and B. cepacia (100%, 96%, 83%, and 61.5%, respectively). Double disk synergy test (DDST) results showed that 112 out of 255 carbapenem- resistant isolates (44%) were MBL-producing ones. The presence of the bla (NDM) gene was identified in 32 (29%) of MBL-producing isolates, 13 of which were K. pneumoniae, 7 P. aeruginosa, and 7 E. coli, 3 Enterobacter spp., and 2 Klebsiella spp., respectively. The presence of the bla (IMP) and bla (VIM) genes was detected in 2 (2%) and 1 (1%) of MBL-producing isolates. These genes were detected in only MBL-producing P. aeruginosa isolates. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest the emergence of NDM-producing strains in our hospital, and bla NDM was the most frequently detected carbapenemase gene in MBL-producing P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, and Klebsiella spp. Since such bacteria can easily spread among patients in the hospital, a strong infection control and prevention plan is highly recommended. | 2023 | 37106518 |
| 952 | 16 | 0.9967 | Molecular Surveillance of ESBL and Carbapenemase Genes in Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Various Clinical Samples Collected from Northern Region of United Arab Emirates. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of ESBL and carbapenemase genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from various clinical samples collected from northern regions of UAE. In total 3670 clinical samples were obtained from patients attending various hospitals and clinics in the northern regions of the UAE. All the samples underwent routine bacterial culture examination, and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns mainly on beta-lactam and carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Molecular detection of ESBL and carbapenemase genes (bla(CTX-M), bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(NDM), bla(IMP), and bla(OXA-48)) was performed on them. A total of 249 MDR Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis and A. baumannii) were isolated. The genes bla(CTX-M), bla(TEM), and bla(SHV) were detected in all the MDR isolates. Among them, the bla(CTX-M) was predominant especially in E. coli. The bla(NDM) and bla(IMP) were detected in a few K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii. The genes combination bla(CTX-M+TEM) and bla(CTX-M+SHV), bla(CTX-M+SHV), bla(TEM+SHV), and bla(TEM+NDM) were detected mostly in K. pneumoniae and E. coli, and few A. baumannii. The gene combination bla(CTX-M+TEM+SHV) and bla(CTX-M+TEM+SHV+IMP) were also detected in few E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii. The current findings highlight the importance of molecular detection of ESBL and carbapenemase genes to emphasize monitoring and controlling the development of MDR bacterial pathogens. | 2025 | 40871384 |
| 2215 | 17 | 0.9967 | Analytical Performance of Multiplexed Screening Test for 10 Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Perianal Swab Samples. BACKGROUND: Multiantibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a threat to patients and place an economic burden on health care systems. Carbapenem-resistant bacilli and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers drive the need to screen infected and colonized patients for patient management and infection control. METHODS: We describe a multiplex microfluidic PCR test for perianal swab samples (Acuitas(®) MDRO Gene Test, OpGen) that detects the vancomycin-resistance gene vanA plus hundreds of gene subtypes from the carbapenemase and ESBL families Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC), New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM), Verona integron-mediated metallo-β-lactamase (VIM), imipenemase metallo-β-lactamase (IMP), OXA-23, OXA-48, OXA-51, CTX-M-1, and CTX-M-2, regardless of the bacterial species harboring the antibiotic resistance. RESULTS: Analytical test sensitivity per perianal swab is 11-250 CFU of bacteria harboring the antibiotic resistance genes. Test throughput is 182 samples per test run (1820 antibiotic resistance gene family results). We demonstrate reproducible test performance and 100% gene specificity for 265 clinical bacterial organisms harboring a variety of antibiotic resistance genes. CONCLUSIONS: The Acuitas MDRO Gene Test is a sensitive, specific, and high-throughput test to screen colonized patients and diagnose infections for several antibiotic resistance genes directly from perianal swab samples, regardless of the bacterial species harboring the resistance genes. | 2016 | 26637481 |
| 1663 | 18 | 0.9967 | The molecular basis of β-lactamase production in Gram-negative bacteria from Saudi Arabia. Resistance to β-lactams among Gram-negative bacteria is a worldwide issue. Increased prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producers and the dissemination of carbapenem-resistance genes are particularly concerning. ESBL-producing strains are common in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, particularly among the Enterobacteriaceae, and carbapenem resistance is on the increase, especially among the non-fermenters. β-lactamase production is a major mechanism of resistance to these agents and although β-lactamase-producing strains have been documented in the Kingdom, relatively few reports characterized the molecular basis of this production. Nevertheless, available data suggest that CTX-M (CTX-M-15 in particular) is the predominant ESBL in the Enterobacteriaceae, with SHV also being prevalent in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Carbapenem resistance in the latter is mainly due to OXA-48 and NDM-1. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, VEB-like enzymes are the most common ESBLs, and VIM is the prevalent metallo-β-lactamase. OXA-10 extended-spectrum enzymes are also frequent. PER and GES ESBLs have been reported in Acinetobacter baumannii, and oxacillinases (OXA-23 in particular) are the dominant carbapanamases in this species. | 2015 | 25418734 |
| 2118 | 19 | 0.9967 | Gram-negative bacteria as causative agents of ventilator-associated pneumonia and their respective resistance mechanisms. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a serious and common complication in patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) and contributes to mortality. Multidrug Gram-negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are frequently associated with VAP in ICU. A prospective study was set up in three ICUs of the University Hospital Center Zagreb and one ICU in General Hospital Pula from September 2017 to March 2018. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution method. Production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) was determined by double-disk synergy test and carbapenemases by Hodge and carbapenem inactivation method (CIM). The genes encoding ESBLs, carbapenemases of class A, B and D and qnr genes were determined by PCR. In total 97 Gram-negative bacteria isolates were analyzed. P. aeruginosa demonstrated high resistance rates for imipenem and meropenem with 74% and 68% of resistant strains, respectively. Moderate resistance rates were observed for ceftazidime andpiperacillin/tazobactam, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin (44%). All except three A. baumannii isolates, were resistant to carbapenems and to all other antibiotics apart from colistin and amikacin. Eight A. baumannii isolates were positive for bla(OXA-23) and 12 for bla(OXA-24) genes. Four K. pneumoniae and two E. cloacae strains were ESBL positive and harboured group 1 of CTX-M β-lactamases. Three P. mirabilis strains were positive for plasmid-mediated ampC β-lactamase of CMY family. Two carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae harboured OXA-48 and one carbapenem-resistant E. cloacae VIM-1. A high proportion of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae and extensively resistant A. baumannii was reported. Acquired resistance mechanisms, mainly production of carbapenemases and ESBLs were dominant in A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae, respectively. Resistance of P. aeruginosa isolates was more likely due to upregulation of efflux pumps or porin loss. A marked diversity of β-lactamases was identified in Enterobacteriaceae. | 2020 | 32729399 |