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308000.9821Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the Bang Yai Canal and Phuket Bay in Phuket Province, Thailand. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a critical public health challenge, with surface waters serving as reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Among these, gram-negative enteric bacteria (GNEB) are recognized as major carriers of resistance genes and frequent causes of human infections. As a major tourism destination in Thailand, Phuket Province is likely to face increasing AMR-related issues. This study investigates water quality and the prevalence of ARB in the Bang Yai Canal, a key urban waterway in Phuket, and its transition into Phuket Bay. Water samples were collected from nine stations during the dry and rainy seasons of 2024. Total heterotrophic bacterial counts and GNEB resistant to amoxicillin, tetracycline, norfloxacin, and meropenem were examined in relation to water quality parameters. Results revealed significant spatial variation, with urban areas contributing substantially to ARB prevalence. Amoxicillin-resistant bacteria were the most prevalent, particularly among GNEB, while meropenem-resistant bacteria were consistently detected at most stations despite their low abundance. Seasonal variations indicated higher bacterial abundance upstream during the dry season and downstream during the rainy season, potentially driven by tourism and runoff dynamics. The coastal station exhibited a notably high proportion of antibiotic-resistant marine heterotrophic bacteria. Redundancy analysis identified turbidity and dissolved oxygen as significant factors influencing bacterial counts. Cluster analysis grouped stations based on water quality, with upstream and coastal sites exhibiting distinct profiles. This study underscores the critical role of urban activities in ARB dissemination and highlights the environmental and public health implications of ARB in coastal ecosystems, necessitating targeted mitigation and monitoring strategies.202540976823
715810.9818Antibiotic resistome, potential pathogenic bacteria and associated health risk in geogenic chromium groundwater. Geogenic chromium (Cr) contamination in groundwater poses a global environmental challenge. However, with antibiotic resistance remaining a public health threat, the occurrence and associated health risks of antibiotic resistomes in Cr contaminated groundwater and their linkages to geogenic Cr are poorly understood. Here, we assessed the groundwater microbiome, potential pathogenic bacteria, and antibiotic resistomes with associated health risks in geogenic Cr impacted groundwater across shallow (<100 m) and deep (>100 m) aquifers in a plateau from Northwestern China. A total of 174 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were detected with absolute abundances reaching 1.28 × 10(8) copies/L. Shallow and deep groundwater harbored distinct ARG profiles with significantly higher abundance and associated health risks presented in shallow groundwater (p < 0.01). A total of 332 potential pathogenic bacteria were identified, abundances of which 53.9 % were strongly correlated to the prevalent ARGs. Toxic Cr(VI) as a potential co-selective agent was positively associated with elevated ARG-linked potential pathogenic bacteria and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Our findings collectively revealed the geogenic Cr contaminated groundwater as a significant reservoir of ARGs and potential pathogens, highlighting the dual risks of geogenic Cr as both a toxicant and promoter for accelerating ARGs within aquifers.202541072644
348020.9816Short-term inhalation exposure evaluations of airborne antibiotic resistance genes in environments. Antibiotic resistance is a sword of Damocles that hangs over humans. In regards to airborne antibiotic resistance genes (AARGs), critical knowledge gaps still exist in the identification of hotspots and quantification of exposure levels in different environments. Here, we have studied the profiles of AARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and bacterial communities in various atmospheric environments by high throughput qPCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We propose a new AARGs exposure dose calculation that uses short-term inhalation (STI). Swine farms and hospitals were high-risk areas where AARGs standardised abundance was more abundant than suburbs and urban areas. Additionally, resistance gene abundance in swine farm worker sputum was higher than that in healthy individuals in other environments. The correlation between AARGs with MGEs and bacteria was strong in suburbs but weak in livestock farms and hospitals. STI exposure analysis revealed that occupational intake of AARGs (via PM(10)) in swine farms and hospitals were 110 and 29 times higher than in suburbs, were 1.5 × 10(4), 5.6 × 10(4) and 5.1 × 10(2) copies, i.e., 61.9%, 75.1% and 10.7% of the overall daily inhalation intake, respectively. Our study comprehensively compares environmental differences in AARGs to identify high-risk areas, and forwardly proposes the STI exposure dose of AARGs to guide risk assessment.202235717091
306930.9815The hospital sink drain biofilm resistome is independent of the corresponding microbiota, the environment and disinfection measures. In hospitals, the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) may occur via biofilms present in sink drains, which can lead to infections. Despite the potential role of sink drains in the transmission of ARB in nosocomial infections, routine surveillance of these drains is lacking in most hospitals. As a result, there is currently no comprehensive understanding of the transmission of ARB and the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and associated mobile genetic elements (MGEs) via sink drains. This study employed a multifaceted approach to monitor the total aerobic bacteria as well as the presence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPEs), the microbiota and the resistome of sink drain biofilms (SDBs) and hospital wastewater (WW) of two separate intensive care units (ICUs) in the same healthcare facility in France. Samples of SDB and WW were collected on a monthly basis, from January to April 2023, in the neonatal (NICU) and the adult (AICU) ICUs of Grenoble Alpes University Hospital. In the NICU, sink drain disinfection with surfactants was performed routinely. In the AICU, routine disinfection is not carried out. Culturable aerobic bacteria were quantified on non-selective media, and CPEs were screened using two selective agars. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS, and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was performed on Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa. The resistome was analyzed by high-throughput qPCR targeting >80 ARGs and MGEs. The overall bacterial microbiota was assessed via full-length 16S rRNA sequencing. No CPEs were isolated from SDBs in either ICU by bacterial culture. Culture-independent approaches revealed an overall distinct microbiota composition of the SDBs in the two ICUs. The AICU SDBs were dominated by pathogens containing Gram-negative bacterial genera including Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomona, Klebsiella, and Gram-positive Staphylococcus, while the NICU SDBs were dominated by the Gram-negative genera Achromobacter, Serratia, and Acidovorax, as well as the Gram-positive genera Weisella and Lactiplantibacillus. In contrast, the resistome of the SDBs exhibited no significant differences between the two ICUs, indicating that the abundance of ARGs and MGEs is independent of microbiota composition and disinfection practices. The AICU WW exhibited more distinct aerobic bacteria than the NICU WW. In addition, the AICU WW yielded 15 CPEs, whereas the NICU WW yielded a single CPE. All the CPEs were characterized at the species level. The microbiota of the NICU and AICU WW samples differed from their respective SDBs and exhibited distinct variations over the four-month period:the AICU WW contained a greater number of genes conferring resistance to quinolones and integron integrase genes, whereas the NICU WW exhibited a higher abundance of streptogramin resistance genes. Our study demonstrated that the resistome of the hospital SDBs in the two ICUs of the investigated healthcare institute is independent of the microbiota, the environment, and the local disinfection measures. However, the prevalence of CPEs in the WW pipes collecting the waste from the investigated drains differed. These findings offer valuable insights into the resilience of resistance genes in SDBs in ICUs, underscoring the necessity for innovative strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance in clinical environments.202540483807
354240.9814Fecal indicators, pathogens, antibiotic resistance genes, and ecotoxicity in Galveston Bay after Hurricane Harvey. Unprecedented rainfall after Hurricane Harvey caused a catastrophic flood in the southern coast of Texas, and flushed significant floodwater and sediments into Galveston Bay, the largest estuary along the Texas Gulf Coast. This study investigated the immediate and long-term (6 months post-Harvey) fecal indicators, pathogenic bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and ecotoxicity in the Galveston Bay. Dramatic decrease of salinity profile to zero, increased levels of fecal indicator bacteria and pathogenic bacteria, and detection of various ARGs were observed in the water and sediment samples collected 2 weeks post-Harvey. High levels of Bla(TEM) and cytotoxicity measured by yeast bioluminescent assay (BLYR) were also observed especially near the river mouths. While Vibrio spp. was dominant in water, much higher abundance of fecal indicator bacteria and pathogen were detected in the sediments. A decreasing trend of Bla(TEM) and cytotoxicity was observed in March 2018 samples, suggesting the Bay has returned to its pre-hurricane conditions 6 months post-Harvey. Interestingly, the abundance of fecal indicator bacteria and pathogens were shifted dramatically according to high-streamflow and low-streamflow seasons in the Bay. The data are useful to construct the model of risk assessment in coastal estuaries system and predict the effects of extreme flooding events in the future.202133445049
348350.9810Abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities in the western Pacific and Southern Oceans. This study investigated the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the composition of bacterial communities along a transect covering the western Pacific Ocean (36°N) to the Southern Ocean (74°S) using the Korean icebreaker R/V Araon (total cruise distance: 14,942 km). The relative abundances of ARGs and bacteria were assessed with quantitative PCR and next generation sequencing, respectively. The absolute abundance of ARGs was 3.0 × 10(6) ± 1.6 × 10(6) copies/mL in the western Pacific Ocean, with the highest value (7.8 × 10(6) copies/mL) recorded at a station in the Tasman Sea (37°S). The absolute abundance of ARGs in the Southern Ocean was 1.8-fold lower than that in the western Pacific Ocean, and slightly increased (0.7-fold) toward Terra Nova Bay in Antarctica, possibly resulting from natural terrestrial sources or human activity. β-Lactam and tetracycline resistance genes were dominant in all samples (88-99%), indicating that they are likely the key ARGs in the ocean. Correlation and network analysis showed that Bdellovibrionota, Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Margulisbacteria, and Proteobacteria were positively correlated with ARGs, suggesting that these bacteria are the most likely ARG carriers. This study highlights the latitudinal profile of ARG distribution in the open ocean system and provides insights that will help in monitoring emerging pollutants on a global scale.202235085628
637960.9809Shotgun metagenome guided exploration of anthropogenically driven resistomic hotspots within Lonar soda lake of India. Anthropogenic activities mediated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the pristine aquatic bodies (lakes) is raising concern worldwide. Long read shotgun sequencing was used to assess taxonomic diversity, distribution of ARGs and metal resistance genes (MRGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in six sites within hypersaline Lonar soda lake (India) prone to various anthropogenic activities. Proteobacteria and Euryarchaeota were dominant phyla under domain Bacteria and Archaea respectively. Higher abundance of Bacteroidetes was pragmatic at sites 18LN5 and 18LN6. Functional analysis indicated 26 broad-spectrum ARGs types, not reported earlier in this ecosystem. Abundant ARG types identified were multidrug efflux, glycopepetide, bacitracin, tetracycline and aminogylcoside resistance. Sites 18LN1 and 18LN5 depicted 167 and 160 different ARGs subtypes respectively and rpoB2, bcrA, tetA(48), mupA, ompR, patA, vanR and multidrug ABC transporter genes were present in all samples. The rpoB2 gene was dominant in 18LN1, whereas bcrA gene in 18LN2-18LN6 sites. Around 24 MRGs types were detected with higher abundance of arsenic in 18LN1 and copper in 18LN2-18LN6, signifying metal contamination linked to MRGs. The bacterial taxa Pseudomonas, Thioalkalivibrio, Burkholderia, Clostridium, Paenibacillus, Bacillus and Streptomyces were significantly associated with ARGs. This study highlights the resistomic hotspots in the lake for deploying policies for conservation efforts.202032155479
350070.9808Shifts in bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance genes in surface water and gut microbiota of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) in the upper Rio Uberabinha, Brazil. Anthropogenic activities especially water pollution can affect the diversity and composition of microbial communities and promote the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, water samples and guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were sampled from six sampling sites along the Uberabinha River in southeastern Brazil, both microbial communities and ARGs of surface waters and intestinal microbiota of guppies (Poecilia reticulata) were detected. According to the results of 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were dominant phyla in both water and intestinal microbiota, but the abundance of putative pathogens was higher at heavily polluted sites. Up to 83% of bacteria in intestinal microbiota originated from water microbiota; this proportion was relatively higher in less polluted compared to polluted environments. ARGs providing resistance of tetracyclines and quinolones were dominant in both water and gut microbiota. The relative abundances of class I integrons and ARGs were as high as 1.74 × 10(-1)/16S rRNA copies and 3.61 × 10(-1)/16S rRNA copies, respectively, at heavily polluted sites. Correlation analysis suggests that integrons and bacteria play key roles in explaining the widespread occurrence of ARGs in the surface, but not in intestinal microbiota. We could rule out the class I integrons a potential intermediary bridge for ARGs between both types of microbiomes. Our results highlight the tight link in microbial communities and ARGs between ambient microbiota of stream ecosystems and intestinal microbiota of fish. Our study could have far-reaching consequences for fisheries and consumer safety and calls for investigations of gut microbiota of target species of both commercial fisheries and recreational (hobby) angling.202133497859
716780.9808Occurrence and distribution of antibiotic pollution and antibiotic resistance genes in seagrass meadow sediments based on metagenomics. Seagrass meadows are one of the most important coastal ecosystems that provide essential ecological and economic services. The contamination levels of antibiotic and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in coastal ecosystems are severely elevated owing to anthropogenic disturbances, such as terrestrial input, aquaculture effluent, and sewage discharge. However, few studies have focused on the occurrence and distribution of antibiotics and their corresponding ARGs in this habitat. Thus, we investigated the antibiotic and ARGs profiles, microbial communities, and ARG-carrying host bacteria in typical seagrass meadow sediments collected from Swan Lake, Caofeidian shoal harbor, Qingdao Bay, and Sishili Bay in the Bohai Sea and northern Yellow Sea. The total concentrations of 30 detected antibiotics ranged from 99.35 to 478.02 μg/kg, tetracyclines were more prevalent than other antibiotics. Metagenomic analyses showed that 342 ARG subtypes associated with 22 ARG types were identified in the seagrass meadow sediments. Multidrug resistance genes and RanA were the most dominant ARG types and subtypes, respectively. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that Halioglobus, Zeaxanthinibacter, and Aureitalea may be potential hosts at the genus level, and the relative abundances of these bacteria were higher in Sishili Bay than those in other areas. This study provided important insights into the pollution status of antibiotics and ARGs in typical seagrass meadow sediments. Effective management should be performed to control the potential ecological health risks in seagrass meadow ecosystems.202438782270
307690.9807Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in sea surface aerosols over the Atlantic Ocean. The large-scale abundance and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within the atmosphere remains poorly documented, particularly over oceans. This study explores bacterial loads, diversity, and associated antimicrobial resistance genes in aerosols over the North Atlantic Ocean. Aerosol samples were collected from a ship during a cruise from Brest (France) to Woods Hole (USA) for 24-h periods using a mast-mounted system, with additional one-hour spot samples taken daily and nightly using high-flow rates samplers. The airborne concentrations of bacteria along with 21 ARG subtypes as indicators of key resistance families were monitored using qPCR. These were related to the bacterial diversity obtained from same samples through ribosomal gene amplicon sequencing, and to the geographical origin of the air masses estimated using atmospheric dynamics models. Total ARG concentrations ranged from background concentrations of a few copies to >10(5) copies/m(3) of air. Near coasts, macrolide and tetracycline resistance genes were dominant (up to 93 % and 38 % of the total ARG monitored here, respectively). While sulfonamide resistance genes were also detected further offshore, those related to transposases and β-lactamases were detected only sporadically. The multiple observed correlations between the aforementioned gene concentrations in the air and potential soil-derived microorganisms may be indicative of continental inputs. Conversely, the prevalence of quinolone resistance (qepA) in the air over the open ocean points toward a contribution from marine surfaces, supported by associations between several ARGs and marine microorganisms including cyanobacteria. These may thus act as environmental reservoirs of ARGs, and sources for further environmental spread notably by air means.202541106010
3499100.9806Diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in mangrove area and their relationship with bacterial communities - A study in Hainan Island, China. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging contaminants in the environment and have been highlighted as a worldwide environmental and health concern. As important participants in the biogeochemical cycles, mangrove ecosystems are subject to various anthropogenic disturbances, and its microbiota may be affected by various contaminants such as ARGs. This study selected 13 transects of mangrove-covered areas in Hainan, China for sediment sample collection. The abundance and diversity of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were investigated using high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (HT-qPCR), and high-throughput sequencing was used to study microbial structure and diversity. A total of 179 ARGs belonging to 9 ARG types were detected in the study area, and the detection rates of vanXD and vatE-01 were 100%. The abundance of ARGs was 8.30 × 10(7)-6.88 × 10(8) copies per g sediment (1.27 × 10(-2)-3.39 × 10(-2) copies per 16S rRNA gene), which was higher than similar studies, and there were differences in the abundance of ARGs in these sampling transects. The multidrug resistance genes (MRGs) accounted for the highest proportion (69.0%), which indicates that the contamination of ARGs in the study area was very complicated. The ARGs significantly positively correlated with MGEs, which showed that the high level of ARGs was related to its self-enhancement. The dominant bacteria at the genus level were Desulfococcus, Clostridium, Rhodoplanes, Bacillus, Vibrio, Enterococcus, Sedimentibacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Paracoccus, Oscillospira, Mariprofundus, Sulfurimonas, Aminobacterium, and Novosphingobium. There was a significant positive correlation between 133 bacterial genera and some ARGs. Chthoniobacter, Flavisolibacter, Formivibrio, Kaistia, Moryella, MSBL3, Perlucidibaca, and Zhouia were the main potential hosts of ARGs in the sediments of Hainan mangrove area, and many of these bacteria are important participants in biogeochemical cycles. The results contribute to our understanding of the distribution and potential hosts of ARGs and provide a scientific basis for the protection and management of Hainan mangrove ecosystem.202133652188
3173110.9805Antibiotic-resistant bacteria in marine productive zones of the eastern Arabian Sea: Implications for human and environmental health. The increasing threat of antibiotic resistance is a major global concern affecting human and environmental health. Marine environments, though underexplored, are emerging as significant reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study provides genome-resolved shotgun metagenomic insights into the seasonal and spatial dynamics of ARGs in the chlorophyll maximum zones of the eastern Arabian Sea, focusing on bacterial communities from coastal (30 m) and offshore (600 m) depths. Using a shotgun metagenomic approach, 31 potential ARGs were identified across both non-monsoon and monsoon seasons, with higher abundance observed in offshore stations during the non-monsoon season. Multidrug resistance genes such as blaEFM-1, catB2 and mexK, conferring resistance to carbapenems, chloramphenicol and multiple antibiotics, were prevalent in taxa like Staphylococcus sp., Qipengyuania sp. and Alcanivorax sp. Clinically relevant taxa, including Pseudomonas sp. and Staphylococcus sp., harbored ARGs, which may raise concerns regarding potential seafood-mediated ARG transmission. The significant enrichment and co-localization of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) with ARGs suggest enhanced horizontal gene transfer among native marine bacteria in the offshore environments. However, the limited distribution of ARGs and the absence of associated MGEs during the monsoon season may result from dilution caused by freshwater influx. Comparative functional analysis revealed stress-related functional enrichment in ARG-carrying metagenomic assembled genomes, suggesting environmental stress may enhance the spread of ARGs within offshore microbial communities. These findings challenge the coastal-centric view of marine antibiotic resistance by identifying offshore waters as underrecognized ARG reservoirs. Establishing a genomic baseline for One Health ARG surveillance, this study underscores the urgent need to integrate offshore regions into global monitoring frameworks to protect marine ecosystems and safeguard public health.202540633655
7151120.9805Pollution profiles of antibiotic resistance genes associated with airborne opportunistic pathogens from typical area, Pearl River Estuary and their exposure risk to human. To reveal the selective pressures of near-shore human activities on marine and continental bioaerosols, the pollution profile and potential exposure risk of airborne pathogens and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in Pearl River Estuaries (113.52 (o)E, 22.69 (o)N), a transitional zone between marine and continental environments, were fully explored. The results showed that the total bacteria among bioaerosols varied largely with average pollution levels of 1.86 × 10(5) and 4.35 × 10(4) cfu m(-3) in spring and summer, respectively, and were high than those of airborne fungi. The predominant aerodynamic diameters of bioaerosols were in respirable size range (<4.7 µm), and the microbes communities' diversity and abundance varied significantly. Besides, many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria (Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia, Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter) and fungi (Alternaria, Penicillium and Cladosporium) were dominant in bioaerosol samples. Of 21 ARGs subtypes detected, the tetracycline resistance gene tetA was the most abundant, followed by aminoglycoside resistance gene and mobile genetic elements. Correlation analysis revealed that the changes of pathogens community contributed significantly to the prevalence of ARGs in bioaerosol. Based on the average daily dose rates of microorganisms and human direct intake of ARGs, health risk of bioaerosols from the Pearl River Estuaries were also evaluated. In summary, the presence of opportunistic pathogens and diversity of ARGs strengthens the call to consider the bioaerosol in air quality monitoring and risk assessment in the future.202032645489
3075130.9804Comparison of environmental microbiomes in an antibiotic resistance-polluted urban river highlights periphyton and fish gut communities as reservoirs of concern. Natural waterways near urban areas are heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities, including their microbial communities. A contaminant of growing public health concern in rivers is antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs), which can spread between neighboring bacteria and increase the potential for transmission of AR bacteria to animals and humans. To identify the matrices of most concern for AR, we compared ARG burdens and microbial community structures between sample types from the Scioto River Watershed, Ohio, the United States, from 2017 to 2018. Five environmental matrices (water, sediment, periphyton, detritus, and fish gut) were collected from 26 river sites. Due to our focus on clinically relevant ARGs, three carbapenem resistance genes (bla(KPC), bla(NDM), and bla(OXA-48)) were quantified via DropletDigital™ PCR. At a subset of nine urbanized sites, we conducted16S rRNA gene sequencing and functional gene predictions. Carbapenem resistance genes were quantified from all matrices, with bla(KPC) being the most detected (88 % of samples), followed by bla(NDM) (64 %) and bla(OXA-48) (23 %). Fish gut samples showed higher concentrations of bla(KPC) and bla(NDM) than any other matrix, indicating potential ARG bioaccumulation, and risk of broader dissemination through aquatic and nearshore food webs. Periphyton had higher concentrations of bla(NDM) than water, sediment, or detritus. Microbial community analysis identified differences by sample type in community diversity and structure. Sediment samples had the most diverse microbial communities, and detritus, the least. Spearman correlations did not reveal significant relationships between the concentrations of the monitored ARGs and microbial community diversity. However, several differentially abundant taxa and microbial functions were identified by sample type that is definitive of these matrices' roles in the river ecosystem and habitat type. In summary, the fish gut and periphyton are a concern as AR reservoirs due to their relatively high concentration of carbapenem resistance genes, diverse microbial communities, and natural functions that promote AR.202235973543
7172140.9804Airborne bacterial community and antibiotic resistome in the swine farming environment: Metagenomic insights into livestock relevance, pathogen hosts and public risks. Globally extensive use of antibiotics has accelerated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment. As one of the biggest antibiotic consumers, livestock farms are hotspots in AMR prevalence, especially those in the atmosphere can transmit over long distances and pose inhalation risks to the public. Here, we collected total suspended particulates in swine farms and ambient air of an intensive swine farming area. Bacterial communities and antibiotic resistomes were analyzed using amplicon and metagenomic sequencing approaches. AMR risks and inhalation exposure to potential human-pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria (HPARB) were subsequently estimated with comparison to the reported hospital samples. The results show that swine farms shaped the airborne bacterial community by increasing abundances, reducing diversities and shifting compositions. Swine feces contributed 77% of bacteria to swine farm air, and about 35% to ambient air. Airborne antibiotic resistomes in swine farms mainly conferred resistance to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides and lincosamides, and over 48% were originated from swine feces. Distinct to the hospital air, Firmicutes were dominant bacteria in swine farming environments with conditional pathogens including Clostridium, Streptococcus and Aerococcus being major hosts of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Therein, genomes of S. alactolyticus carrying (transposase/recombinase-associated) ARGs and virulence factor genes were retrieved from the metagenomes of all swine feces and swine farm air samples, but they were not detected in any hospital air samples. This suggests the indication of S. alactolyticus in swine farming environments with potential hazards to human health. Swine farm air faced higher AMR risks than hospital air and swine feces. The inhalation intake of HPARB by a swine farm worker was about three orders of magnitude higher than a person who works in the hospital. Consequently, this study depicted atmospheric transmission of bacteria and antibiotic resistomes from swine feces to the environment.202336680804
7176150.9804Significant higher airborne antibiotic resistance genes and the associated inhalation risk in the indoor than the outdoor. Inhalation of airborne antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can lead to antimicrobial resistance and potential health risk. In modern society, increasing individuals stay more indoors, however, studies regarding the exposure to airborne ARGs in indoor environments and the associated risks remain limited. Here, we compared the variance of aerosol-associated ARGs, bacterial microbiomes, and their daily intake (DI) burden in dormitory, office, and outdoor environments in a university in Tianjin. The results indicated that compared to outdoor aerosols, indoors exhibited significantly higher absolute abundance of both ARG subtypes and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (1-7 orders of magnitude), 16S rRNA genes (2-3 orders), and total culturable bacteria (1-3 orders). Furthermore, we observed that significantly different airborne bacterial communities are the major drivers contributing to the variance of aerosol-associated ARGs in indoor and outdoor aerosols. Notably, the high abundances of total bacteria, potential pathogenic genera, and ARGs (particularly those harbored by pathogens) in indoor and outdoor aerosols, especially in indoors, may pose an increased exposure risk via inhalation. The successful isolation of human pathogens such as Elizabethkingia anopheles, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Delftia lacustris resistant to the "last-resort" antibiotics carbapenems and polymyxin B from indoor aerosols further indicated an increased exposure risk in indoors. Together, this study highlights the potential risks associated with ARGs and their inhalation to human health in indoor environments.202133120141
6834160.9804Landscape of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities in groundwater on the Tibetan Plateau, and distinguishing their difference with low-altitude counterparts. Groundwater is a vital source of drinking water for Tibetans. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and bacterial communities in groundwater on the Tibetan Plateau remain unclear. Furthermore, the characterization of their differences between high-altitude and low-altitude groundwater is still unrevealed. Herein, 32 groundwater samples were collected on the plateau, and intra- and extracellular ARGs (iARGs and eARGs), and bacterial communities were characterised through qPCR assays to 19 ARGs and 16S rRNA sequencing. It showed top four abundant intra- and extracellular last-resort ARGs (LARGs) were bla(OXA-48), mcr-1, vanA, and vanB, whereas dominant common ARGs (CARGs) were tetA and ermB, respectively. CARGs had higher abundances than LARGs, and iARGs were more frequently detected than eARGs. Proteobacteria, an invasive resident phylum, and Firmicutes dominated eDNA release. Network analysis revealed all observed LARGs co-occurred with pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. Community diversity was significantly associated with longitude and elevation, while nitrate correlated with ARGs. Comparative analysis demonstrated eARG frequencies and abundances were higher at high altitudes than at low altitudes. Additionally, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas specifically dominated at high altitudes. This study reveals the widespread prevalence of ARGs, particularly LARGs, in groundwater on the less-disturbed Tibetan Plateau and underlines the potential risks associated with the LARG-carrying bacteria. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which are defined as emerging environmental contaminants, are becoming a global concern due to their ability to confer antibiotic resistance to pathogens. Our findings highlight the prevalence of ARGs, particularly LARGs, in groundwater on the Tibetan Plateau, and the possibility that naturally-occurring pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria carry multiple LARGs. In addition, we further reveal differences in the distribution of ARGs and bacterial community between high-altitude and low-altitude groundwater. Collectively, our findings offer an important insight into the potential public risks related to groundwater on the Tibetan Plateau.202337595466
7175170.9804Key Contribution and Risk of Airborne Antibiotic Resistance: Total Suspended Particles or Settled Dust? The atmosphere is an important environmental medium in spreading antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal farming systems, yet the exposure risks associated with airborne pathways remain underexplored. This study employed metagenomic sequencing to investigate the airborne transmission of AMR in chicken farms (i.e., chicken feces, total suspended particles (TSP), and dust) and its exposure risks on the gut and nasal cavities of workers, office staff, and nearby villagers. Results revealed that TSP exhibited greater abundance, diversity, and transfer potential of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) compared to dust. The abundance of airborne resistome decreased with distance from the chicken house, and ARGs were estimated to spread up to 9.48 km within 1 h. While the gut resistome of workers and villagers showed limited differences, emerging tet(X) variants and high-risk dfrA remain future concerns. More nasal resistome was attributable to TSP compared to dust. Workers faced significantly higher inhalable exposures to antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and human pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria (HPARB), exceeding those of office staff and villagers by an order of magnitude. We also compiled lists of high-risk and potential-risk airborne ARGs to inform monitoring. These findings highlight the need for regular air disinfection in animal farms and better protective measures for workers.202540434009
7154180.9804Deciphering the natural and anthropogenic drivers on the fate and risk of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a typical river-estuary system, China. This study conducts an in-depth assessment of the spatial distribution, ecological risks, and correlations among 12 antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and dominant microorganisms in a representative river-estuary system, classified by land use and hydrodynamic conditions. Sulfonamides and quinolones were identified as the major contaminants in surface waters, with aquaculture and healthcare wastewater responsible for over 80 % of the antibiotic load. Contrasting seasonal patterns were observed between freshwater (wet season: 215 ng/L, dry season: 99.9 ng/L) and tidal estuaries (wet season: 45.9 ng/L, dry season: 121 ng/L), attributed to antibiotic transport from terrestrial sources or coastal aquaculture areas. The estimated annual antibiotic influx into Jiaozhou Bay was 70.4 kg/year, posing a considerable threat to aquatic algae and disrupting the stability of aquatic food chain. BugBase predictions suggested that antibiotics in the environment suppressed bacteria characterized by biofilm formation (FB) and the presence of mobile elements (CME). However, ARG transmission was likely to drive the spread of CME, FB, and stress-tolerant (OST) bacteria within microbial communities. The significant positive correlations observed between sulfamethoxazole and 63 microbial genera indicate a broad distribution of microbial resistance, which exacerbates the potential for ARG accumulation and dissemination across both the bay and the Yellow Sea.202439357363
3074190.9804Metagenomic analysis of microbial communities and antibiotic resistant genes in the Tijuana river, and potential sources. The Tijuana River is a transborder river that flows northwest across the border from Baja California in Mexico into Southern California before discharging into the Pacific Ocean. The river is frequently contaminated with raw sewage due to inadequate sanitary infrastructure in Tijuana. To assess the type and degree of microbial contamination, water samples were collected monthly from a near-border and an estuarine site from August 2020 until May 2021. A portion of each sample was used for epifluorescent microscopy and DNA was extracted directly from the rest for shotgun metagenomic sequencing. After sequence quality checking and processing, we used the rapid taxonomic identifier tool Kaiju to characterize the microbial diversity of the metagenomes and matched the sequences against the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) to examine antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Bacterial and viral-like particle (VLP) abundance was consistently higher in the near-border samples than in the estuarine samples, while alpha diversity (within sample biodiversity) was higher in estuarine samples. Beta-diversity analysis found clear compositional separation between samples from the two sites, and the near-border samples were more dissimilar to one another than were the estuarine sites. Near-border samples were dominated by fecal-associated bacteria and bacteria associated with sewage sludge, while estuarine sites were dominated by marine bacteria. ARGs were more abundant at the near-border site, but were also readily detectable in the estuarine samples, and the most abundant ARGs had multi-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. SourceTracker analysis identified human feces and sewage sludge to be the largest contributors to the near-border samples, while marine waters dominated estuarine samples except for two sewage overflow dates with high fecal contamination. Overall, our research determined human sewage microbes to be common in the Tijuana River, and the prevalence of ARGs confirms the importance of planned infrastructure treatment upgrades for environmental health.202438043772