# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 2271 | 0 | 0.9552 | Detection of clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria in shared fomites, waste water and municipal solid wastes disposed near residential areas of a Nigerian city. Studies investigating environmental hotspots of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Nigeria are limited. This study was designed to assess various environmental sources and commonly touched surfaces as potential carriers of ARB and ARGs with implications for public health. A total of 392 samples, including sewage (36), sludge (36), diapers (20), plastics (20), water sachet polythene bags (20), food wastes (20), soil beneath dump sites (20), and frequently touched surfaces such as restroom floors (80), corridors (24), door handles (56), and room floors and walls (60), were collected and screened for the presence of resistant bacteria carrying genes such as bla (KPC), bla (NDM-1), bla (CMY-2), bla (IMP), bla (OXA66) and MecA. Additionally, we employed standard techniques to detect methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii . We also evaluated the effectiveness of routine disinfection procedures in eliminating ARB from restroom floors. Our findings revealed that sewage, sludge, diapers, food wastes and restroom floors are frequently contaminated with highly and moderately resistant strains of E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and MRSA. Notably, we identified two variants of the bla (OXA51-like) gene (bla (OXA-66) and bla (OXA-180)) in A. baumannii isolated from these environmental sources. Furthermore, we detected seven ESBL- K. pneumoniae , five ESBL- A. baumannii , two ESBL- E. coli and one ESBL- P. aeruginosa , all carrying one or more ARGs (bla (KPC), bla (NDM-1), bla (CMY-2)), in isolates recovered from sewage, sludge, restroom floors and plastics. It is of note that ARB persisted on restroom floors even after disinfection procedures. In conclusion, this study highlights that environmental wastes indiscriminately discarded in residential areas and shared surfaces among individuals are heavily colonized by ARB carrying ARGs of significant public health importance. | 2023 | 38188243 |
| 1406 | 1 | 0.9520 | Multicentre study of the burden of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the aetiology of infected diabetic foot ulcers. BACKGROUND: Infected diabetic foot ulcer (IDFU) is a public health issue and the leading cause of non-traumatic limb amputation. Very few published data on IDFU exist in most West African countries. OBJECTIVE: The study investigated the aetiology and antibacterial drug resistance burden of IDFU in tertiary hospitals in Osun state, Nigeria, between July 2016 and April 2017. METHODS: Isolates were cultured from tissue biopsies or aspirates collected from patients with IDFU. Bacterial identification, antibiotic susceptibility testing and phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase production were done by established protocols. Specific resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: There were 218 microorganisms isolated from 93 IDFUs, comprising 129 (59.2%) Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), 59 (27.1%) Gram-positive cocci and 29 (13.3%) anaerobic bacteria. The top five facultative anaerobic bacteria isolated were: Staphylococcus aureus (34; 15.6%), Escherichia coli (23; 10.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20; 9.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (19; 8.7%) and Citrobacter spp. (19; 8.7%). The most common anaerobes were Bacteroides spp. (7; 3.2%) and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (6; 2.8%). Seventy-four IDFUs (80%) were infected by multidrug-resistant bacteria, predominantly methicillin-resistant S. aureus and GNB producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases, mainly of the CTX-M variety. Only 4 (3.1%) GNB produced carbapenemases encoded predominantly by bla (VIM). Factors associated with presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria were peripheral neuropathy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.05, p = 0.04) and duration of foot infection of more than 1 month (AOR = 7.63, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Multidrug-resistant facultative anaerobic bacteria are overrepresented as agents of IDFU. A relatively low proportion of the aetiological agents were anaerobic bacteria. | 2021 | 33824857 |
| 1414 | 2 | 0.9519 | Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in intensive care units of Sanandaj general hospitals (Kurdistan, Iran). This study focused on analyzing the spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes among Gram-negative bacteria at intensive care units (ICUs). Between January 2007 and January 2008, 301 consecutive clinical isolates of Gram-negative type were isolated. Of these, 66 strains were collected from patients in ICUs in two major hospitals in Sanandaj (Kurdistan, Iran). The isolates were identified, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, and analyzed for the presence of ESBL using the double-disk synergy test. Isolates with a positive ESBL phenotype were subjected to PCR for SHV, TEM, OXA and CTX-M beta-lactamase gene families. Sixty-six Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from clinical samples of 66 ICU patients. These isolates included 16 Escherichia coli, 28 Enterobacter spp., 5 Pseudomonas spp., 10 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3 Serratia marcescens and 1 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Twenty-three (34.85%) of these isolates were ESBL producing. The ESBL genes detected were SHV, TEM, OXA-1, OXA-2 and CTX-M. The results show the presence of ESBL genes among Gram-negative bacteria in the ICU setting of Sanandaj's hospitals. There is a need to institute a strict hospital infection control policy and regular surveillance of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents. | 2009 | 19521074 |
| 1257 | 3 | 0.9516 | Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in the Bacteria Isolated from Surgical Site Infection: Emphasis on Staphylococcus Aureus; Yasuj City, Southwest Iran. BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections (SSIs) in surgical wards remains the most common cause of postoperative complications and realistically is the third most common origin of healthcare-related conditions. Staphylococcus aureus is undoubtedly the most common bacteria causing SSIs. The current study aimed at investigating the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in bacteria isolated from SSIs, evaluation of tetracycline resistance genes, and SCCmec typing in S. aureus isolates isolated from patients with SSIs from 2018 to 2019 in Yasuj, Kohgiluyeh, and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. METHODS: This study diligently investigated 240 potential patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed properly by the disk diffusion method. For the final confirmation of isolated bacteria, PCR was used. The presence of tet genes and SCCmec typing was carried out by multiplex PCR. RESULTS: The results showed that the most common isolated pathogens included S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, and K. pneumonia in 58.8%, 19.8%, 9.2%, 6.8% and 5.4% of cases, respectively. The majority of the Gram positive isolates were resistant against penicillin (86%) and Gram negative were resistant against ciprofloxacin (75.6%). In isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, the mecA gene was detected in 63.6% of isolates. The predominant SCCmec types were type III (59.1%) and type I (18.4%). The tetK and tetM genes were detected in 80.7% and 71.9% of the S. aureus isolates, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between tet genes (tetK and tetM) from the viewpoint of resistance to tetracycline (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of the current study, it is recommended to administer vancomycin, amikacin, and imipenem in Yasuj to treat SSIs. | 2021 | 33616327 |
| 947 | 4 | 0.9515 | Environmental bovine subclinical mastitis gram-negative pathogens: Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance with special reference to extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemase production. This study investigates mastitis in the dairy industry, with a focus on the issue of antibiotic resistance. This study was designed to evaluate mastitis prevalence and investigate the bacteriological profiles of subclinical mastitis (SCM) milk, mastitis-free milk, and market milk. Out of 374 quarter milk samples, 26.2 % were from animals with SCM. Bacteriological examination identified 87 Gram-negative bacterial strains from subclinical mastitis milk (SCMM) (42.9 %), subclinical mastitis-free milk (SCMFM) (17.97 %), and market milk (MM) (58 %). MALDI-TOF MS identified species including E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii, Serratia marcescens, and Acinetobacter baumannii, with E. coli being the most frequent. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotype was found in 43.7 % of isolates, with 57.1 % from SCMM, 43.8 % from SCMFM, and 24.1 % from MM. Biofilm production was observed in 44.8 % of isolates, with a significant correlation between MDR and biofilm formation. Eight strains (9.2 %) were extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producers, with bla(CTX-M), bla(TEM), and bla(SHV) genes detected. A. baumannii harbored multiple resistance genes, including bla(TEM), bla(CTX-M), bla(OXA51), bla(OXA23), and bla(NDM), showing both phenotypic and genotypic ESBLs and carbapenemase activity. The presence of MDR, ESBLs, and carbapenemase producing Gram-negative bacteria in SCMM, SCMFM, and MM indicates a concerning exchange of bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes between human and animal hosts, posing risks of milk contamination and environmental hazards. A one-health approach is essential for controlling antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, emphasizing prudent antimicrobial use in human and animal healthcare, and improving farm hygiene practices. | 2025 | 40424737 |
| 1455 | 5 | 0.9513 | Resistance to bacterial infection, complication occurring after cardiac surgery. To analyze the occurrence of resistant bacterial infection in patients undergoing cardiac surgery hospitalized in the surgical specialty hospital, in Erbil city, Iraq. A prospective study was done on a total of 138 patients operated and hospitalized in an intensive care unit and surgical wards. Bacterial isolates identification was done according to cultural characteristics, microscopic examination, some biochemical tests, analytic Profile Index 20E& API Staph, confirmed with VITEK® 2 compact system (BioMérieux). Antimicrobial susceptibility for disc diffusion tested to 17 antimicrobial agents. Resistance isolates were confirmed phenotypically for carbapenemase by Rapidec Carba NP Test (bioMe´rieux SA, Marcy-l'E´toile, France) for ESBLs producers by ESBL screening test VITEK 2 system. Molecularly blaIMP blaTEM, blaKPC, AmpC and blaCTX-M were detected by PCR. In 134 patients, 28.3% of patients got infected post-operatively. The most frequent source of isolation was from ICU patients (75%). Isolated bacteria included gram-positive 29 (54.7%) and gram-negative bacteria 24 (45.3%). Most frequently: Staphylococcus aureus (24.4%), each of pseudomonas aeroginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia (15.1%), Streptococcus spp. (11.3%), Escherichia coli (9.4%). Whereas included Coagulase Negative Staphylococci species (CoNS) (13.2%) and Enterococci species (5.7) Statistical analysis showed significantly higher sensitive isolates as compared with resistance isolates. Resistance to Carbapenems calss was 18.9% and Cephalosporins class 41.5% of isolates. The antimicrobial resistance pattern indicated that MDR bacterial isolates (81.1%) were widespread. Of the 34 phenotypically ESBL positive isolates, the ESBL genes (AmpC, blaCTX-M, and blaTEM) were amplified in 7(20.6), 6(17.6) and 6(17.6) isolates respectively. Out of 8 K. pneumonia (37.5%) harboring both blaAmpC and bla-CTX-M genes, while 6(75%) carries blaTEM. The blaCTX-M gene was found in only 1 (12.5%) out of 8 isolates of P. aeruginosa. While blaAmpC genotyping revealed that 1(7.7%) out of 13 Staph. aureus isolates were harboring it. Finally, 3(60%) out of 5 E. coli isolates harboring both AmpC and bla-CTX-M genes. Cardiac surgery patients wound show increasingly emerging strains of ESBL-producing gram-negative bacteria K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa and E. coli especially patients prolonged in the intensive care unit. | 2020 | 34174972 |
| 1386 | 6 | 0.9513 | ESBL/pAmpC-producing Enterobacterales in common leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) and central bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) from Portugal. Common leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) and central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) are widely kept as pets but can harbor pathogenic bacteria, including antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria. This study aimed to research the frequency of β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in these two reptile species. A total of 132 samples were collected from the oral and cloacal cavities of healthy common leopard geckos and central bearded dragons in the Lisbon area, Portugal. Antimicrobial resistance was assessed for third-generation cephalosporin (3GC)-resistant Enterobacterales. The results revealed that 3GC-resistant Enterobacterales were observed in 17.9% (n = 14/78) of the reptiles. The most commonly identified species were: Citrobacter freundii and Klebsiella aerogenes. Furthermore, some isolates produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC β-lactamases (AmpC) encoding genes such as bla (CMY-2), bla (CTX-M-15,) and bla (TEM-1). These findings emphasize the potential role of these reptiles in the spread of AMR bacteria, particularly in urban settings where human- animal interactions are frequent. Given the zoonotic risks, this study emphasizes the importance of continued surveillance and responsible antimicrobial use in both veterinary and human medicine to mitigate the spread of AMR bacteria. | 2025 | 40370835 |
| 1392 | 7 | 0.9512 | High prevalence of bla(CTX-M-15) type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Gambian hooded vultures (Necrosyrtes monachus): A threatened species with substantial human interaction. One hundred fecal samples from hooded vultures in the Gambia (Banjul area) were investigated for the presence of bacteria with extended-spectrum cephalosporin- (ESBL/AmpC), carbapenemases, and colistin resistance. No Enterobacteriales carrying carbapenemases or resistance against colistin were detected. Fifty-four ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and five ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were identified in 52 of the samples, of which 52 E. coli and 4 K. pneumoniae yielded passed sequencing results. Fifty of the E. coli had ESBL phenotype and genotype harboring bla(CTX-M) genes, of which 88.5% (n = 46) were the bla(CTX-M-15) gene, commonly found on the African continent. Furthermore, the genetic context around bla(CTX-M-15) was similar between isolates, being colocalized with ISKpn19. In contrast, cgMLST analysis of the E. coli harboring ESBL genes revealed a genetic distribution over a large fraction of the currently known existing E. coli populations in the Gambia. Hooded vultures in the Gambia thus have a high ESBL E. coli-prevalence (>50%) with low diversity regarding key resistance genes. Furthermore, given the urban presence and frequent interactions between hooded vultures and humans, data from this study implies hooded vultures as potential vectors contributing to the further dissemination of antibiotic-resistance genes. | 2023 | 37186228 |
| 1112 | 8 | 0.9512 | Molecular Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance among Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Diarrhoeic Calves in Egypt. The present study was designed to investigate the presence of genes that conferred resistance to antimicrobials among Enterobacteriaceae that were isolated from diarrhoeic calves. A total of 120 faecal samples were collected from diarrhoeic calves that were raised in Kafr El-Sheikh governorate, Egypt. The samples were screened for Enterobacteriaceae. A total of 149 isolates of bacteria were recovered and identified; Escherichia coli was found to be the most overwhelming species, followed by Citrobacter diversus, Shigella spp., Serratia spp., Providencia spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp., Klebsiella oxytoca, and Morganella morganii. All isolates were tested for susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials; resistant and intermediately resistant strains were screened by conventional polymerase chain reaction for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Of the 149 isolates, 37 (24.8%) exhibited multidrug resistant phenotypes. The most prevalent multidrug resistant species were E. coli, C. diversus, Serratia spp., K. pneumoniae, Shigella spp., Providencia spp., and K. oxytoca. Class 1 integrons were detected in 28 (18.8%) isolates. All isolates were negative for class 2 integrons. The bla(TEM) gene was identified in 37 (24.8%) isolates, whereas no isolates carried the bla(CTX-M) gene(.) The florfenicol gene (floR) was detected in two bacterial isolates (1.3%). The findings of this study reveal that calves may act as potential reservoirs of multidrug resistant bacteria that can be easily transmitted to humans. | 2021 | 34201226 |
| 1413 | 9 | 0.9512 | Occurrence of Carbapenemases, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases and AmpCs among Beta-Lactamase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria from Clinical Sources in Accra, Ghana. Beta-lactamase (β-lactamase)-producing Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are of public health concern due to their resistance to routine antimicrobials. We investigated the antimicrobial resistance and occurrence of carbapenemases, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpCs among GNB from clinical sources. GNB were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDITOF-MS). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed via Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and a microscan autoSCAN system. β-lactamase genes were determined via multiplex polymerase chain reactions. Of the 181 archived GNB analyzed, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae constituted 46% (n = 83) and 17% (n = 30), respectively. Resistance to ampicillin (51%), third-generation cephalosporins (21%), and ertapenem (21%) was observed among the isolates, with 44% being multi-drug resistant (MDR). β-lactamase genes such as AmpCs ((bla(FOX-M) (64%) and bla(DHA-M) and bla(EDC-M) (27%)), ESBLs ((bla(CTX-M) (81%), other β-lactamase genes bla(TEM) (73%) and bla(SHV) (27%)) and carbapenemase ((bla(OXA-)(48) (60%) and bla(NDM) and bla(KPC) (40%)) were also detected. One K. pneumoniae co-harbored AmpC (bla(FOX-M) and bla(EBC-M)) and carbapenemase (bla(KPC) and bla(OXA-)(48)) genes. bla(OXA-)(48) gene was detected in one carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. Overall, isolates were resistant to a wide range of antimicrobials including last-line treatment options. This underpins the need for continuous surveillance for effective management of infections caused by these pathogens in our settings. | 2023 | 37370334 |
| 1423 | 10 | 0.9511 | Distribution and molecular characterization of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria in Henan, China. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics and trends over time of carbapenemase-producing (e.g., KPC, NDM, VIM, IMP, and OXA-48) Gram-negative bacteria (CPGNB). Non-duplicated multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDRGNB) were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2019 to February 2023. Species identification of each isolate was performed using the Vitek2 system and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry according to the manufacturer's instructions. PCR detected carbapenem resistance genes in the strains, strains carrying carbapenem resistance genes were categorized as CPGNB strains after validation by carbapenem inactivation assay. A total of 5705 non-repetitive MDRGNB isolates belonging to 78 different species were collected during the study period, of which 1918 CPGNB were validated, with the respiratory tract being the primary source of specimens. Epidemiologic statistics showed a significant predominance of ICU-sourced strains compared to other departments. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the significant CPGNB in Henan, and KPC and NDM were the predominant carbapenemases. Carbapenem-resistant infections in Henan Province showed an overall increasing trend, and the carriage of carbapenemase genes by CPGNB has become increasingly prevalent and complicated. The growing prevalence of CPGNB in the post-pandemic era poses a significant challenge to public safety. | 2024 | 38909136 |
| 1275 | 11 | 0.9511 | Analysis of the Frequency, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Related Genes among Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Hospital Refrigerators in Tehran, Iran. BACKGROUND: Hospital refrigerators as essential food storage can be important source of food contamination. We aimed to investigate the frequency and antibiotic susceptibility of the pathogenic bacteria in three hospital refrigerators in Tehran. METHODS: This study was performed on 254 samples, collected from 60 refrigerators of the various wards of three hospitals, A, B, and C, in Tehran, Iran from 2020 to 2021. Following isolation and identification of isolates, the antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined. PCR-based assays were used to screen the presence of antibiotic resistance genes of resistant isolates. RESULTS: From 254 collected samples, 236 samples (92.9%) were contaminated. Most strains were isolated from refrigerators with poorly cleaned, temperatures above 8 °C in non-critical wards. Most bacteria belonging to Enterobacteriaceae (68.8%), followed by Staphylococcus (11.9%), and Enterococcus (10.6%), while the frequency of non-Enterobacteriaceae isolates was 8.9%. The highest antibiotic resistant bacteria were in extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) 9.7%, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) 5.3%, methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) 0.4%, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) 0.4%, respectively. The bla (OXA-48), bla (CTX), and bcla (TEM) genes were found only in 10% of Enterobacteriaceae isolates. The bla (OXA-51) gene was found in all non-Enterobacteriaceae isolates. The vanA and mecA genes were detected in antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus and Staphylococcus. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggests major concern about cross-contamination and the emergence of antibiotic-resistant isolates as a potential health threat with hospital refrigerators origin. More attention to hospital refrigerators cleaning is necessary to prevent foodborne diseases and nosocomial infections. | 2024 | 38919309 |
| 1065 | 12 | 0.9510 | Predominance of multi-drug resistant extended spectrum β lactamase producing bacteria from marine fishes. The present study aimed to determine the extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) genes in the bacteria from fresh exportable fish samples collected along South east coast of India, Chennai. ESBL genes are the base for the antibiotic resistance in pathogens and it transmitted from one to other species. Totally 2670 isolates were isolated from 293 fish samples which belong to 31 species dominated by Aeromonas, Klebsiella, Serratia, Leclerica, Proteus, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Haemophilus, Escherichia, Shigella sp. Out of 2670 isolates, 1958 isolates have multi drug resistant capacity with ESBL genes of bla(CTX), bla(SHV), bla(TEM) and bla(AmpC) and 712 isolates are not detected ESBL genes. The present study revealed that, the contamination of fresh fish sample with pathogenic bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics can incriminate seafood as a potential carrier and accentuate an immediate need to prevent environmental infectivity and distribution. Further, hygienic facilitated markets should be developed with ensured quality of seafood. | 2023 | 36813100 |
| 951 | 13 | 0.9509 | Analyses of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase, Metallo-β-Lactamase, and AmpC-β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae from the Dairy Value Chain in India. The consumption of milk contaminated with antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a significant health threat to humans. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae producing β-lactamases (ESBL, MBL, and AmpC) in cow and buffalo milk samples from two Indian states, Haryana and Assam. A total of 401 milk samples were collected from dairy farmers and vendors in the specified districts. Microbiological assays, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and PCR-based genotyping were employed to analyze 421 Gram-negative bacterial isolates. The overall prevalence of β-lactamase genes was 10% (confidence interval (CI) (7-13)), with higher rates in Haryana (13%, CI (9-19)) compared to Assam (7%, CI (4-11)). The identified β-lactamase genes in isolates were bla(CMY), bla(MOX), bla(FOX), bla(EBC), and bla(DHA), associated with AmpC production. Additionally, bla(CTX-M1), bla(SHV), and bla(TEM) were detected as ESBL producers, while bla(VIM), bla(IMP), bla(SPM), bla(SIM), and bla(GIM) were identified as MBL producers. Notably, Shigella spp. were the dominant β-lactamase producers among identified Enterobacteriaceae. This study highlights the presence of various prevalent β-lactamase genes in milk isolates, indicating the potential risk of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in dairy products. The presence of β-lactam resistance raises concern as this could restrict antibiotic options for treatment. The discordance between genotypic and phenotypic methods emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive approaches that integrate both techniques to accurately assess antibiotic resistance. Urgent collaborative action incorporating rational and regulated use of antibiotics across the dairy value chain is required to address the global challenge of β-lactam resistance. | 2023 | 37760745 |
| 957 | 14 | 0.9509 | Occurrence, Typing, and Resistance Genes of ESBL/AmpC-Producing Enterobacterales in Fresh Vegetables Purchased in Central Israel. Beta-lactam resistance can lead to increased mortality, higher healthcare expenses, and limited therapeutic options. The primary mechanism of beta-lactam resistance is the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC beta-lactamases. The spread of beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales via the food chain may create a resistance reservoir. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacterales in vegetables, to examine the association between EBSL/AmpC-producing bacteria and types of vegetables, packaging, and markets, and to investigate the genetic features of ESBL-producing isolates. The antibiotic susceptibilities were determined using VITEK. Phenotypic ESBL/AmpC production was confirmed using disk diffusion. ESBL-producing isolates were subjected to Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and to whole genome sequencing using Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology. Of the 301 vegetable samples, 20 (6.6%) were positive for ESBL producers (16 Klebsiella pneumoniae and 4 Escherichia coli), and 63 (20.9%) were positive for AmpC producers (56 Enterobacter cloacae complex, 4 Enterobacter aerogenes/cancerogenus, and 3 Pantoea spp., Aeromonas hydrophila, and Citrobacter braakii). The blaCTX-M and blaSHV genes were most common among ESBL-producing isolates. The beta-lactamase genes of the ESBL producers were mainly carried on plasmids. Multilocus sequence typing and FT-IR typing revealed high diversity among the ESBL producers. AmpC producers were significantly more common in leafy greens and ESBL producers were significantly less common in climbing vegetables. The presence of ESBL/AmpC-producing Enterobacterales in raw vegetables may contribute to the dissemination of resistance genes in the community. | 2023 | 37887229 |
| 1463 | 15 | 0.9509 | Identification of colistin resistance and its bactericidal activity against uropathogenic gram negative bacteria from Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. OBJECTIVES: Identification of colistin resistance and its bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI) patients. METHODS: This 6-month cross sectional study was conducted in Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from January 2019-June2019.. A total of 2000 urine samples were collected and transported to the Health Research Institute, NIH, Research Centre, Khyber Medical College Peshawar. Samples were streaked on different media and incubated at 37C° for 24hrs. Gram negative bacteria were identified through gram staining and Analytical Profile Index (API) 10s. Gram negative bacteria were subjected under antibiotic sensitivity profile through Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Colistin resistance was found through broth microdilution method. Minimum bactericidal activity was performed to find out the lowest concentration of colistin required to kill gram-negative bacteria. RESULTS: A total of 241(12.05%) uropathogenic gram negative bacteria were isolated and identified from 2000 urine samples while excluding intrinsically resistant bacteria. After broth microdilution, colistin resistance was found in 48(19.9%) Escherichia coli, 4(1.6%) Klebsiella pneumoniae and 3(1.3%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. Colistin resistant Escherichia coli were resistant to 77% Cephalosporins, 81% to Fluoroquinolones and 70% to Penicillin combinations. Colistin resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae were 100% resistant to Cephalosporins, Penicillin combinations and Fluoroquinolones while 75% were resistant to Carbapenems and Monobactams. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were sensitive to all used antibiotics. CONCLUSION: E.coli was the mainly responsible uropathogen causing UTIs. Colistin resistance was found in 22.8% gram negative uropathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates exhibited highest resistance to antibiotics. | 2022 | 35634614 |
| 1230 | 16 | 0.9508 | Lentic and effluent water of Delhi-NCR: a reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria harbouring blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaSHV type ESBL genes. Antimicrobial resistance is not restricted to clinics but also spreading fast in the aquatic environment. This study focused on the prevalence and diversity of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes among bacteria from lentic and effluent water in Delhi-NCR, India. Phenotypic screening of 436 morphologically distinct bacterial isolates collected from diverse sites revealed that 106 (∼24%) isolates were ESBL positive. Antibiotic profiling showed that 42, 60, 78 and 59% ESBL producing isolates collected from Ghazipur slaughterhouse, Lodhi garden pond, Hauz Khas lake and Jasola wastewater treatment plant, respectively, were multidrug-resistant (MDR). The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index varied from 0.20 to 0.32 among selected locations. The prevalence of ESBL gene variants blaSHV, blaTEM and blaCTX-M were found to be 17.64, 35.29 and 64%, respectively. Furthermore, the analysis of obtained gene sequences showed three variants of blaCTX-M (15, 152 and 205) and two variants of blaTEM (TEM-1 and TEM-116) among ESBL producers. The co-existence of 2-3 gene variants was recorded among 48% ESBL positive isolates. New reports from this study include the blaCTX-M gene in Acinetobacter lwoffii, Enterobacter ludwigii, Exiguobacterium mexicanum and Aeromonas caviae. Furthermore, the identification of blaTEM and blaSHV in an environmental isolate of A. caviae is a new report from India. | 2021 | 34371496 |
| 1418 | 17 | 0.9508 | Nosocomial infections and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among patients admitted to intensive care unit of Imam Khomeini hospital in Ilam, Iran. INTRODUCTION: Nosocomial infections (NIs) are a major challenge worldwide. Identification of antibiotic resistance pattern extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) were the objectives of this study. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates collected from patients with NIs in ICU was determined. Overall, 42 Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from different infection sites were used to determine phenotypic tests of ESBLs, Metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) and CRE. Detection of ESBLs, MBLs and CRE genes were performed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS: From 71 patients with NIs, 103 different bacterial strains were isolated. The most frequently isolated bacteria were E. coli (n = 29; 28.16%), Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 15; 14.56%), and K. pneumoniae (n = 13; 12.26%). Also, the rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates was 58.25% (60/103). Based on phenotypic confirmation tests, 32 (76.19%) isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae produced ESBLs, and 6 (14.28%) isolates were identified as CRE producers. PCR showed the high prevalence of the bla(CTX-M) (n = 29; 90.62%) in ESBL genes. In addition, bla(NDM) was detected in 4 (66.66%), bla(OXA-23) in 3 (50%), and bla(OXA-48) gene in 1 (16.66%) isolates. The bla(VIM), bla(KPC), and bla(IMP) genes were not detected in any of the isolates. CONCLUSION: The Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, A. baumannii, and K. pneumoniae with high resistance levels were the most common bacteria causing NIs in the ICU. This study for the first time identified bla(OXA-11), bla(OXA-23), and bla(NDM-1) genes in E. coli and K. pneumoniae in Ilam city of Iran. | 2023 | 37155016 |
| 1030 | 18 | 0.9508 | Occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria in urban Clinton River habitat. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether Clinton River water is contaminated with antibiotics and is a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. METHODS: Water samples were taken from two sites of Clinton River. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria were enumerated on agar plates supplemented with six commonly used antibiotics. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria were identified using a BD Phoenix™ System and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antimicrobial resistance gene transfer was performed by conjugation studies and the location of genes was determined by Southern hybridisation. Virulence properties of ESBL-producing isolates were determined by assessing their biofilm-forming ability, cellular toxicity, and induction of an inflammatory response in intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cells. RESULTS: 16S rRNA analysis of water samples showed the presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria (e.g. Shigella flexneri, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aeromonas punctata and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Among 64 biochemically identified bacterial isolates tested, 42% were resistant to cefotaxime, 34% to chloramphenicol, 9% to tetracycline, 11% to ciprofloxacin and 9% to gentamicin. Of 27 cefotaxime-resistant isolates, 11 (41%) were ESBL-positive and possessed either bla(CTX-M) (n=9), bla(TEM) (n=1) or bla(KPC) (n=1). Comparative analysis of ESBL gene sequences from Clinton River water bacteria showed 98-100% identity with clinical isolates. ESBL-producing isolates from Clinton River water were found to form biofilms, induced inflammatory cytokines and caused toxicity to epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: Clinton River water contains isolates with ESBL genes identical to clinical isolates and possessing virulence properties, thus it could be a potential reservoir in causing human infections. | 2019 | 30316964 |
| 1242 | 19 | 0.9508 | An Update on Wastewater Multi-Resistant Bacteria: Identification of Clinical Pathogens Such as Escherichia coli O25b:H4-B2-ST131-Producing CTX-M-15 ESBL and KPC-3 Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella oxytoca. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are significant reservoirs of bacterial resistance. This work aims to identify the determinants of resistance produced by Gram-negative bacteria in the influent and effluent of two WWTPs in Portugal. A total of 96 wastewater samples were obtained between 2016 and 2019. The numbers of total aerobic and fecal contamination bacteria were evaluated, and genomic features were searched by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS). Enterobacteriaceae corresponded to 78.6% (n = 161) of the 205 isolates identified by 16sRNA. The most frequent isolates were Escherichia spp. (57.1%, n = 117), followed by Aeromonas spp. (16.1%, n = 33) and Klebsiella spp. (12.7%, n = 26). The remaining 29 isolates (14.1%) were distributed across 10 different genera. Among the 183 resistant genes detected, 54 isolates produced extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), of which bla(CTX-M-15) was predominant (37 isolates; 68.5%). A KPC-3 carbapenemase-producing K. oxytoca was identified (n = 1), with bla(KPC-3) included in a transposon Tn4401 isoform b. A higher number of virulence genes (VG) (19 genes) was found in the E. coli 5301 (O25b-ST131-B2) isolate compared with a commensal E. coli 5281 (O25b-ST410-A) (six genes). Both shared five VG [Enterobactin; Aerobactin, CFA/1 (clade α); Type1 (clade γ1); Type IV]. In conclusion, this work highlights the role of relevant clinical bacteria in WWTPs, such as KPC-3-producing K. oxytoca, and, for the first time, a CTX-M-15-producing Ochromobactrum intermedium, a human opportunistic pathogen, and a SED-1-producing Citrobacter farmeri, an uncommon CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. | 2021 | 33799747 |