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679500.9853Interplay of xenobiotic-degrading and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms among the microbiome found in the air, handrail, and floor of the subway station. Investigating the quality of the subway environment, especially regarding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and xenobiotics, conveys ecological and health impacts. In this study, compositions and relations of microorganisms harboring ARGs and xenobiotic degradation and metabolism genes (XDGs) in the Sukhumvit subway station (MRT-SKV) in Bangkok was assessed by analyzing the taxonomic and genetic diversity of the microbiome in the air and on the surfaces of floor and handrail. The major bacteria in the MRT-SKV (including Moraxella, which was abundant in the bioaerosol and handrail samples, and Staphylococcus, which was abundant in the bioaerosol samples) were found to contain both ARGs and XDGs. The co-abundance correlation network revealed notable relationships among bacteria harboring antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and xenobiotic degradation genes (XDGs). Significant associations were observed between ARGs linked to glycopeptide and fluoroquinolone resistance and genes associated with benzoate, styrene, and atrazine degradation pathways, as well as between ARGs related to cephamycin, cephalosporin, and MLS resistance and XDGs associated with the cytochrome P450-dependent drug metabolism pathway. These correlations suggested that selective pressure exerted by certain xenobiotics and antibiotics can simultaneously affect both ARGs and XDGs in the environment and should favor correlations and co-survival among ARG- and XDG-containing bacteria in the environments. The correlations may occur via shared mechanisms of resistance to both xenobiotics and antibiotics. Finally, different correlation pairs were seen in different niches (air, handrail, floor) of the subway environment or different geolocations. Thus, the relationship between ARG and XDG pairs most likely depends on the unique characteristics of the niches and on the prominent types of xenobiotics and antibiotics in the subway environment. The results indicated that interactions and connections between microbial communities can impact how they function. These microorganisms can have profound effects on accumulation of xenobiotics and ARGs in the MRT-SKV.202438246293
802110.9849The profile of antibiotic resistance genes in pig manure composting shaped by composting stage: Mesophilic-thermophilic and cooling-maturation stages. The variation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and influential factors in pig manure composting were investigated by conducting simulated composting tests using four different supplement materials (wheat straw, corn straw, poplar sawdust and spent mushroom). The results show that the relative abundance of total ARGs increased by 0.19-1.61 logs after composting, and tetX, sulI, sulII, dfrA1 and aadA were the major contributors. The variations of ARG profiles and bacterial communities throughout the composting were clearly divided into mesophilic-thermophilic and cooling-maturation stages in all tests, while different supplement materials did not exert a noticeable influence. Network analysis demonstrated the diversity of bacterial hosts for ARGs, the existence of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria, and the weak correlations between ARGs and physicochemical factors in the composting piles. Of note, integron intI1 and Mycobacterium (a potential pathogen) were positively correlated with eight and four ARGs, respectively, that displayed increased abundance after composting.202032109697
638520.9849Study on microbes and antibiotic resistance genes in karst primitive mountain marshes - A case study of Niangniang Mountain in Guizhou, China. Previous research on antibiotic resistance genes and microorganisms centered on those in urban sewage treatment plants, breeding farms, hospitals and others with serious antibiotic pollution. However, at present, there are evident proofs that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) indeed exist in a primitive environment hardly without any human's footprints. Accordingly, an original karst mountain swamp ecosystem in Niangniang Mountain, Guizhou, China, including herbaceous swamp, shrub swamp, sphagnum bog and forest swamp, was selected to analyze the physical and chemical parameters of sediments. Moreover, microbial compositions, functions, as well as their connections with ARGs were assayed and analyzed using metagenomic technology. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the dominant microorganisms and ARGs in the four marshes, in which the dominant bacteria phyla were Proteobacteria (37.82 %), Acidobacteriota (22.17 %) and Actinobacteriota (20.64 %); the dominant archaea Euryarchaeota. (1.00 %); and the dominant eukaryotes Ascomycota (0.07 %), with metabolism as their major functions. Based on the ARDB database, the number of ARGs annotated reached 209 including 30 subtypes, and the dominant ARGs were all Bacitracin resistance genes (bacA, 84.77 %). In terms of the diversity of microorganisms and ARGs, the herbaceous swamp ranked the top, and the shrub swamp were at the bottom. Correlation analysis between microorganisms and resistance genes showed that, apart from aac2ic, macB, smeE, tetQ, and tetL, other ARGs were positively correlated with microorganisms. Among them, baca coexisted with microorganisms. Pearson correlation analysis results showed that contrary to ARGs, microorganisms were more affected by environmental factors.202236306620
713630.9848Insights into the effects of haze pollution on airborne bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance genes in fine particulate matter. Fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) is a key component of haze pollution and poses a substantial threat to human health. However, airborne bacteria and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs), which are important biological components of PM(2.5), have received less attention. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of haze on airborne bacteria and ARGs in PM(2.5). Overall, during haze days, high concentrations of airborne bacteria (haze: 4782.24 ± 2689.85 cells/m(3); non-haze: 2866.00 ± 1753.95 cells/m(3)) were observed with unique bacterial community structures. At the genus level, Microvirga, Arthrobacter, and JG30-KF-CM45 were identified as the bacterial biomarkers of haze days. Neutral processes contributed more to the establishment of airborne bacterial communities on haze days (R(2) = 0.724) than that on non-hazy days (R(2) = 0.338). The pathogenicity of bacterial communities per unit volume of air was significantly higher during haze days (169.36 ± 8.36 cell/m(3)) than that during non-haze days (112.66 ± 5.92 cell/m(3)) (p < 0.05). Redundancy analysis indicated that relatively stable atmospheric conditions and high concentrations of water-soluble ions (Na(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+), and F(-)), metals (Cd, As, Mn, and Cr), and carbonaceous fractions (elemental carbon) in PM(2.5) play critical roles in shaping the bacterial community during haze days. On haze days, airborne ARGs exhibited unique distribution characteristics and network structures with dominant bacteria. This study highlighted the impact of haze days on airborne bacteria and ARGs on PM(2.5) and provides a reference for managing the risks of bioaerosols.202540409396
801940.9847In-feed antibiotic use changed the behaviors of oxytetracycline, sulfamerazine, and ciprofloxacin and related antibiotic resistance genes during swine manure composting. The dynamics of oxytetracycline (OTC), sulfamerazine (SM1), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and related antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during swine manure composting were compared between manure collected from swine fed a diet containing these three antibiotics (T(D)) and manure directly spiked with these drugs (T(S)). The composting removal efficiency of OTC (94.9 %) and CIP (87.8 %) in the T(D) treatment was significantly higher than that of OTC (83.8 %, P <  0.01) and CIP (83.9 %, P <  0.05) in the T(S) treatment, while SM1 exhibited no significant difference (P >  0.05) between the two treatments. Composting effectively reduced the majority of ARGs in both T(D) and T(S) types of manure, especially tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs). Compared with the T(S) treatment, the abundance of some ARGs, such as tetG, qepA, sul1 and sul2, increased dramatically up to 309-fold in the T(D) treatment. The microbial composition of the composting system changed significantly during composting due to antibiotic feeding. Redundancy analysis suggested that the abundance of ARGs had a considerable impact on alterations in the physicochemical parameters (C/N, pH and temperature) and bacterial communities (Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes) during the composting of swine manure.202133254754
348250.9847Metagenomic profiling of ARGs in airborne particulate matters during a severe smog event. Information is currently limited regarding the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in smog and their correlations with airborne bacteria. This study characterized the diversity and abundance of ARGs in the particulate matters (PMs) of severe smog based on publicly available metagenomic data, and revealed the occurrence of 205 airborne ARG subtypes, including 31 dominant ones encoding resistance to 11 antibiotic types. Among the detectable ARGs, tetracycline, β-lactam and aminoglycoside resistance genes had the highest abundance, and smog and soil had similar composition characteristics of ARGs. During the smog event, the total abundance of airborne ARGs ranged from 4.90 to 38.07ppm in PM(2.5) samples, and from 7.61 to 38.49ppm in PM(10) samples, which were 1.6-7.7 times and 2.1-5.1 times of those in the non-smog day, respectively. The airborne ARGs showed complicated co-occurrence patterns, which were heavily influenced by the interaction of bacterial community, and physicochemical and meteorological factors. Lactobacillus and sulfonamide resistance gene sul1 were determined as keystones in the co-occurrence network of microbial taxa and airborne ARGs. The results may help to understand the distribution patterns of ARGs in smog for the potential health risk evaluation.201829751438
811460.9847Reductive soil disinfestation attenuates antibiotic resistance genes in greenhouse vegetable soils. Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is an emerging technique that ameliorates soil degradation, but its effects against antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were unclear. Here, we examined soil properties, ARG types and numbers, and ARG profiles, and bacterial community compositions following 4 soil treatments: control; straw addition (SA); water flooding (WF); and RSD, both straw addition and water flooding. The results showed that the numbers of ARG types and subtypes decreased by 10.8% and 21.1%, respectively, after RSD, and the numbers of ARGs decreased by 18.6%. The attenuated multidrug, beta-lactam, macrolide, and phenicol resistance genes in the RSD soil corresponded to a decreased relative abundance of ARG subtypes (i.e., adeF, mdtM, TypeB_NfxB, mecA, nalC, OXA-60, and cmlA4). Taxa in phyla Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Deinococcus-Thermus were the main hosts for dominant ARG subtypes and were inhibited by RSD. The selected bacterial genera and soil properties explained 83.4% of the variance in ARG composition, suggesting that the improved soil properties and the reduced potential ARG hosts produced by the interactions of straw addition and water flooding are likely responsible for ARG attenuation by RSD. Therefore, RSD has the potential to mitigate ARG pollution in soils.202134293692
721470.9846Long-term application of fresh and composted manure increase tetracycline resistance in the arable soil of eastern China. The aim of this study was to compare the occurrence, abundance, and diversity of tetracycline resistance genes (tet) in agricultural soils after 6 years' application of fresh or composted swine manure. Soil samples were collected from fresh or composted manure-treated farmland at three depths (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, and 10-20 cm). Nine classes of tet genes [tetW, tetB(P), tetO, tetS, tetC, tetG, tetZ, tetL, and tetX] were detected; tetG, tetZ, tetL, and tetB(P) were predominant in the manure-treated soil. The abundances of tetB(P), tetW, tetC, and tetO were reduced, while tetG and tetL were increased by fertilizing with composted versus fresh manure; thus, the total abundance of tet genes was not significantly reduced by compost manuring. tetG was the most abundant gene in manure-treated soil; the predominant tetG genotypes shared high homology with pathogenic bacteria. The tetG isolates were more diverse in soils treated with fresh versus composted manure, although the residual tet genes in composted manure remain a pollutant and produce a different influence on the tet gene resistome in field soil.201525460961
716480.9846Anthropogenic pressures amplify high-risk antibiotic resistome via co-selection among biocide resistance, virulence, and antibiotic resistance genes in the Ganjiang River basin: Drivers diverge in densely versus sparsely populated reaches. As the largest river in the Poyang Lake system, the Ganjiang River faces escalating anthropogenic pressures that amplify resistance gene dissemination. This study integrated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), biocide resistance genes (BRGs), and virulence factor genes (VFGs) to reveal their co-selection mechanisms and divergent environmental drivers between densely (DES) and sparsely populated (SPAR) regions of the Ganjiang River basin. The microbial and viral communities and structures differed significantly between the DES and SPAR regions (PERMANOVA, p < 0.001). Midstream DES areas were hotspots for ARGs/BRGs/VFGs enrichment, with peak enrichment multiples reaching 10.2, 5.7, and 5.9-fold respectively. Procrustes analysis revealed limited dependence of ARGs transmission on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (p > 0.05). Separately, 74 % of dominant ARGs (top 1 %) showed strong correlations with BRGs (r(2) = 0.973, p < 0.01) and VFGs (r(2) = 0.966, p < 0.01) via co-selection. Pathogenic Pseudomonas spp. carrying multidrug-resistant ARGs, BRGs, and adhesion-VFGs were identified as high-risk vectors. In SPAR areas, anthropogenic pressure directly dominated ARGs risk (RC = 54.2 %, β = 0.39, p < 0.05), with biological factors as secondary contributors (RC = 45.8 %, β = 0.33, p < 0.05). In contrast, DES regions showed anthropogenic pressure exerting broader, enduring influences across microorganisms, physicochemical parameters, and biological factors, escalating ARGs risks through diverse pathways, with BRGs/VFGs acting as direct drivers. This study proposes establishing a risk prevention system using BRGs and pathogenic microorganisms as early-warning indicators.202540858019
810990.9845The fate of antibiotic resistance genes and their influential factors in swine manure composting with sepiolite as additive. Manures are storages for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) entering the environment. This study investigated the effects of adding sepiolite at 0%, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% (CK, T1, T2, and T3, respectively) on the fates of ARGs during composting. The relative abundances (RAs) of the total ARGs in CK and T3 decreased by 0.23 and 0.46 logs, respectively, after composting. The RAs of 10/11 ARGs decreased in CK, whereas they all decreased in T3. The reduction in the RA of the total mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was 1.26 times higher in T3 compared with CK after composting. The bacterial community accounted for 47.93% of the variation in the abundances of ARGs. Network analysis indicated that ARGs and MGEs shared potential host bacteria (PHB), and T3 controlled the transmission of ARGs by reducing the abundances of PHB. Composting with 7.5% sepiolite is an effective strategy for reducing the risk of ARGs proliferating.202235063626
3481100.9844Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Sediment of Honghu Lake and East Dongting Lake, China. Sediment is an ideal medium for the aggregation and dissemination of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The levels of antibiotics and ARGs in Honghu Lake and East Dongting Lake of central China were investigated in this study. The concentrations of eight antibiotics (four sulfonamides and four tetracyclines) in Honghu Lake were in the range 90.00-437.43 μg kg(-1) (dry weight (dw)) with mean value of 278.21 μg kg(-1) dw, which was significantly higher than those in East Dongting Lake (60.02-321.04 μg kg(-1) dw, mean value of 195.70 μg kg(-1) dw). Among the tested three sulfonamide resistance genes (sul) and eight tetracycline resistance genes (tet), sul1, sul2, tetA, tetC, and tetM had 100 % detection frequency in sediment samples of East Dongting Lake, while only sul1, sul2, and tetC were observed in all samples of Honghu Lake. The relative abundance of sul2 was higher than that of sul1 at p < 0.05 level in both lakes. The relative abundance of tet genes in East Dongting Lake was in the following order: tetM > tetB > tetC > tetA. The relative abundance of sul1, sul2, and tetC in East Dongting Lake was significantly higher than those in Honghu Lake. The abundance of background bacteria may play an important role in the horizontal spread of sul2 and tetC genes in Honghu Lake and sul1 in East Dongting Lake, respectively. Redundancy analysis indicated that tetracyclines may play a more important role than sulfonamides in the abundance of sul1, sul2, and tetC gens in Honghu Lake and East Dongting Lake.201627418176
7539110.9844Effect of booster disinfection on the prevalence of microbial antibiotic resistance and bacterial community in a simulated drinking water distribution system. Booster disinfection was often applied to control the microorganism's growth in long-distance water supply systems. The effect of booster disinfection on the changing patterns of antibiotic resistance and bacterial community was investigated by a simulated water distribution system (SWDS). The results showed that the antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were initially removed after dosing disinfectants (chlorine and chloramine), but then increased with the increasing water age. However, the relative abundance of ARGs significantly increased after booster disinfection both in buck water and biofilm, then decreased along the pipeline. The pipe materials and disinfectant type also affected the antibiotic resistance. Chlorine was more efficient in controlling microbes and ARGs than chloramine. Compared with UPVC and PE pipes, SS pipes had the lowest total bacteria, ARB concentration, and ARB percentage, mainly due to higher disinfectant residuals and a smoother surface. The significant correlation (r(s) = 0.77, p < 0.001) of the 16S rRNA genes was observed between buck water and biofilm, while the correlations of targeted ARGs were found to be weak. Bray-Curtis similarity index indicated that booster disinfection significantly changed the biofilm bacterial community and the disinfectant type also had a marked impact on the bacterial community. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, and Methylobacterium significantly increased after booster disinfection. Mycobacterium increased after chloramination while decreased after chlorination, indicating Mycobacterium might resist chloramine. Pseudomonas, Methylobacterium, and Phreatobacter were found to correlate well with the relative abundance of ARGs. These results highlighted antibiotic resistance shift and bacterial community alteration after booster disinfection, which may be helpful in controlling potential microbial risk in drinking water.202437949160
8020120.9844Influence of zeolite and superphosphate as additives on antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities during factory-scale chicken manure composting. Factory-scale chicken manure composting added with zeolite (F), superphosphate (G), or zeolite and ferrous sulfate (FL) simultaneously, were evaluate for their effects on the behaviors of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and bacterial communities. After composting, ARGs in manure decreased by 67.3% in the control, whereas the reductions were 86.5%, 68.6% and 72.2% in F, G and FL, respectively. ARGs encoding ribosomal protection proteins (tetO, tetB(P), and tetM) were reduced to a greater extent than tetG, tetL, sul1 and sul2. Bacteria pathogens were also effectively removed by composting. Network analysis showed that Firmicutes were the important potential host bacteria for ARGs. The bacterial communities and environmental factors, as well as the intI gene, contributed significantly to the variation of ARGs. The ARGs and integrons were reduced more when zeolite was added than when superphosphate was added; thus, it may be useful for reducing the risks of ARGs in chicken manure.201829772500
7234130.9843Urban and agriculturally influenced water contribute differently to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes in a mega-city river network. The widespread of water borne antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) represents a growing threat to the health of millions of people. Our study detected the relative abundances of 10 ARG subtypes in the Shanghai river network, where the major ARG components were strB, sul1, and ermB. These ARGs were significantly enriched by the combined sewage, tail water from urban wastewater treatment plant and runoff from agricultural areas, which reached the Suzhou (SZ), Dianpu (DP), and Huangpu (HP) River, respectively (one-way ANOVA, P < 0.01). The target ARGs were distributed in varying patterns across different rivers. bla(CTX-M) and bla(TEM) contributed to the increase of total ARGs in the rivers influenced by urban sources, particularly in the SZ River, whose distribution of ARGs was significantly related to that of the confluence of the whole river network (Mantel test, P < 0.01). The bacterial community was closely structured with ARGs and potential pathogenic bacteria's association with target ARGs became significant in downstream samples (Procrustes test, P = 0.03). Water near urban wastewater fallouts was observed to have the highest content of intl1 in the DP River, whose downstream samples' intl -ARG relationship fitted the same regression model as that of the network confluence (R = 0.84, P < 0.001). The amelioration of river water quality does not reduce ARGs, but may affect their distributional patterns in the river network in Shanghai.201931009830
8016140.9843Transmission and retention of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in chicken and sheep manure composting. Transmission of ARGs during composting with different feedstocks (i.e., sheep manure (SM), chicken manure (CM) and mixed manure (MM, SM:CM = 3:1 ratio) was studied by metagenomic sequencing. 53 subtypes of ARGs for 22 types of antibiotics were identified as commonly present in these compost mixes; among them, CM had higher abundance of ARGs, 1.69 times than that in SM, while the whole elimination rate of CM, MM and SM were 55.2%, 54.7% and 42.9%, respectively. More than 50 subtypes of ARGs (with 8.6%, 11.4% and 20.9% abundance in the initial stage in CM, MM and SM composting) were "diehard" ARGs, and their abundance grew significantly to 56.5%, 63.2% and 69.9% at the mature stage. These "diehard" ARGs were transferred from initial hosts of pathogenic and/or probiotic bacteria to final hosts of thermophilic bacteria, by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) via mobile gene elements (MGEs), and became rooted in composting products.202337196739
7054150.9843Effective removal of antibiotic resistance genes and potential links with archaeal communities during vacuum-type composting and positive-pressure composting. As a major reservoir of antibiotics, animal manure contributes a lot to the augmented environmental pressure of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This might be the first study to explore the effects of different ventilation types on the control of ARGs and to identify the relationships between archaeal communities and ARGs during the composting of dairy manure. Several ARGs were quantified via Real-time qPCR and microbial communities including bacteria and archaea were analyzed by High-throughput sequencing during vacuum-type composting (VTC) and positive-pressure composting (PPC). The total detected ARGs and class I integrase gene (intI1) under VTC were significantly lower than that under PPC during each stage of the composting (p<0.001). The relative abundance of potential human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) which were identified based on sequencing information and correlation analysis decreased by 74.6% and 91.4% at the end of PPC and VTC, respectively. The composition of archaeal communities indicated that methane-producing archaea including Methanobrevibacter, Methanocorpusculum and Methanosphaera were dominant throughout the composting. Redundancy analysis suggested that Methanobrevibacter and Methanocorpusculum were positively correlated with all of the detected ARGs. Network analysis determined that the possible hosts of ARGs were different under VTC and PPC, and provided new sights about potential links between archaea and ARGs. Our results showed better performance of VTC in reducing ARGs and potential HPB and demonstrated that some archaea could also be influential hosts of ARGs, and caution the risks of archaea carrying ARGs.202031892399
7058160.9843Does organically produced lettuce harbor higher abundance of antibiotic resistance genes than conventionally produced? The demand for organic food products, especially for organic vegetables has been growing rapidly in the last few decades. However, the risk of introducing more antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) to the vegetables by organic production procedures has long been overlooked. In our study, by using high-throughput quantitative PCR and 16sRNA Illumina sequencing technology, we investigated the abundance and diversity of ARGs and the microbial communities in conventionally (CPL) and organically produced lettuce (OPL). A total of 134 ARGs were detected in the phyllosphere and leaf endophyte of the samples. Absolute copy numbers of ARGs in phyllosphere were 8-fold higher in the OPL than in CPL. We also observed a significant difference in the microbial communities between OPL and CPL, and a lower diversity of both phyllosphere and leaf endophytic bacteria in OPL than in CPL. The Mantel test and variation partitioning analysis (VPA) suggested that the profile of ARGs is strongly affected by bacterial community compositions. Network analysis between ARGs and bacterial taxa indicated that eight bacterial families were implicated to be the potential hosts of ARGs. These results provide insights into the impacts of organic farming on the profiles of bacterial and ARG compositions in vegetables.201727823798
3499170.9843Diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in mangrove area and their relationship with bacterial communities - A study in Hainan Island, China. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging contaminants in the environment and have been highlighted as a worldwide environmental and health concern. As important participants in the biogeochemical cycles, mangrove ecosystems are subject to various anthropogenic disturbances, and its microbiota may be affected by various contaminants such as ARGs. This study selected 13 transects of mangrove-covered areas in Hainan, China for sediment sample collection. The abundance and diversity of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were investigated using high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (HT-qPCR), and high-throughput sequencing was used to study microbial structure and diversity. A total of 179 ARGs belonging to 9 ARG types were detected in the study area, and the detection rates of vanXD and vatE-01 were 100%. The abundance of ARGs was 8.30 × 10(7)-6.88 × 10(8) copies per g sediment (1.27 × 10(-2)-3.39 × 10(-2) copies per 16S rRNA gene), which was higher than similar studies, and there were differences in the abundance of ARGs in these sampling transects. The multidrug resistance genes (MRGs) accounted for the highest proportion (69.0%), which indicates that the contamination of ARGs in the study area was very complicated. The ARGs significantly positively correlated with MGEs, which showed that the high level of ARGs was related to its self-enhancement. The dominant bacteria at the genus level were Desulfococcus, Clostridium, Rhodoplanes, Bacillus, Vibrio, Enterococcus, Sedimentibacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Paracoccus, Oscillospira, Mariprofundus, Sulfurimonas, Aminobacterium, and Novosphingobium. There was a significant positive correlation between 133 bacterial genera and some ARGs. Chthoniobacter, Flavisolibacter, Formivibrio, Kaistia, Moryella, MSBL3, Perlucidibaca, and Zhouia were the main potential hosts of ARGs in the sediments of Hainan mangrove area, and many of these bacteria are important participants in biogeochemical cycles. The results contribute to our understanding of the distribution and potential hosts of ARGs and provide a scientific basis for the protection and management of Hainan mangrove ecosystem.202133652188
8105180.9842Refluxing mature compost to replace bulking agents: A low-cost solution for suppressing antibiotic resistance genes rebound in sewage sludge composting. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) rebounding during composting cooling phase is a critical bottleneck in composting technology that increased ARGs dissemination and application risk of compost products. In this study, mature compost (MR) was used as a substitute for rice husk (RH) to mitigate the rebound of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) during the cooling phase of sewage sludge composting, and the relationship among ARGs, MGEs, bacterial community and environmental factors was investigated to explore the key factor influencing ARGs rebound. The results showed that aadD, blaCTX-M02, ermF, ermB, tetX and vanHB significantly increased 4.76-32.41 times, and the MGEs rebounded by 38.60% in the cooling phase of RH composting. Conversely, MR reduced aadD, tetM, ermF and ermB concentrations by 59.49-98.58%, and reduced the total abundance of ARGs in the compost product by 49.32% compared to RH, which significantly restrained ARGs rebound. MR promoted secondary high temperature inactivation of potential host bacteria, including Ornithinibacter, Rhizobiales and Caldicoprobacter, which could harbor aadE, blaCTX-M02, and blaVEB. It also reduced the abundance of lignocellulose degrading bacteria of Firmicutes, which were potential hosts of aadD, tetX, ermF and vanHB. Moreover, MR reduced moisture and increased oxidation reduction potential (ORP) that promoted aadE, tetQ, tetW abatement. Furthermore, MR reduced 97.36% of total MGEs including Tn916/1545, IS613, Tp614 and intI3, which alleviated ARGs horizontal transfer. Overall finding proposed mature compost reflux as bulking agent was a simple method to suppress ARGs rebound and horizontal transfer, improve ARGs removal and reduce composting plant cost.202539798649
7235190.9842Unveiling the characteristics of free-living and particle-associated antibiotic resistance genes associated with bacterial communities along different processes in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) as emerging contaminants, often co-occur with mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and are prevalent in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). In this study, the characteristics of free-living (FL) and particle-associated (PA) ARGs associated with bacterial communities were investigated along two processes within a full-scale DWTP. A total of 13 ARGs and two MGEs were detected. FL-ARGs with diverse subtypes and PA-ARGs with high abundances displayed significantly different structures. PA-MGEs showed a strong positive correlation with PA-ARGs. Chlorine dioxide disinfection achieved 1.47-log reduction of FL-MGEs in process A and 0.24-log reduction of PA-MGEs in process B. Notably, PA-fraction virtually disappeared after treatment, while blaTEM, sul2, mexE, mexF and IntI1 of FL-fraction remained in the finished water. Moreover, Acinetobacter lwoffii (0.04 % ∼ 45.58 %) and Acinetobacter schindleri (0.00 % ∼ 18.54 %) dominated the 16 pathogens, which were more abundant in FL than PA bacterial communities. PA bacteria exhibited a more complex structure with more keystone species than FL bacteria. MGEs contributed 20.23 % and 19.31 % to the changes of FL-ARGs and PA-ARGs respectively, and water quality was a key driver (21.73 %) for PA-ARGs variation. This study provides novel insights into microbial risk control associated with size-fractionated ARGs in drinking water.202439003808