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588900.7504Monitoring of Virulence Genes, Drug-Resistance in Campylobacter coli Isolated from Golden Retrievers. The investigation was performed on 75 of Golden Retriever puppies. Faecal samples were collected on the 42 day of the puppies life (con-trol). Probiotic preparation was administered on 43 day of the puppies life and 10 days after the application of the probiotic, faecal samples were collected again (on 53 day of puppies life). All isolates of Campylobacter coli isolated prior to the administration of the probiotic were found to contain the cadF gene responsible for adhesion, as well as, the flaA gene influencing motility of the examined bacteria. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were recorded only in the case of enrofloxacin.201630015450
147310.7426Evaluation of the Unyvero i60 ITI® multiplex PCR for infected chronic leg ulcers diagnosis. OBJECTIVES: Unyvero i60 ITI multiplex PCR (mPCR) may identify a large panel of bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes. In this study, we compared results obtained by mPCR to standard bacteriology in chronic leg ulcer (CLU) infections. METHODS: A prospective study, part of the interventional-blinded randomized study "ulcerinfecte" (NCT02889926), was conducted at Saint Joseph Hospital in Paris. Fifty patients with a suspicion of infected CLU were included between February 2017 and September 2018. Conventional bacteriology and mPCR were performed simultaneously on deep skin biopsies. RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most detected pathogens. Regarding the global sensitivity, mPCR is not overcome to the standard culture. Anaerobes and slow growing bacteria were detected with a higher sensitivity rate by mPCR than standard culture. CONCLUSION: Unyvero i60 ITI multiplex PCR detected rapidly pathogenic bacteria in infected CLU especially anaerobes and slow growing bacteria and was particularly effective for patients previously treated with antibiotics.202031790779
538320.7407Draft genome sequence of Acinetobacter haemolyticus strain MUWRP1017 isolated from the pus of a female inpatient at Bwera General Hospital in Uganda. The bacterium Acinetobacter haemolyticus, with a genome size of 3.4 Mb, was isolated from a pus swab of a wound on the left lower limb above the ankle joint of a female patient. This strain carries the antimicrobial resistance genes cephalosporinase blaADC-25, oxallinase blaOXA-264, floR, and sul2 and other resistance and virulence genes.202439162454
521230.7406Draft Genome Sequences of Pseudomonas MWU13-2625 and MWU12-2115, Isolated from a Wild Cranberry Bog at the Cape Cod National Seashore. Two highly similar Pseudomonas sp. genome sequences from wetland bog soil isolates with draft genomes of ~6.3 Mbp are reported. Although the exact taxonomic placement and environmental roles of these bacteria are unclear, predicted genes for stress tolerance, antibiotic resistance, and a type VI secretion system were detected.201830533670
600540.7403Antimicrobial activity of Pediococcus pentosaceus strains against diarrheal pathogens isolated from pigs and effect on paracellular permeability of HT-29 cells. This study aimed to investigate lactic acid bacteria with antimicrobial activities against infectious diarrheal pathogens in pigs and their genetic characteristics. Acid-resistant lactic acid bacteria were examined for bile resistance, pancreatic enzyme resistance, gelatinase and urease activities, and antibiotic resistance. Subsequently, selected isolates were examined for antimicrobial activities against Campylobacter coli, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium, and their effects on paracellular permeability and the expression of tight junction protein-encoding genes in HT-29 cells were assessed. Whole genome sequencing was performed to identify the genes related to safety and antibacterial activity. Of the 51 isolates examined, 12 were resistant to bile and pancreatin and did not produce gelatinase and urease. Of these 12, isolates 19, 20, 30, 36, and 67 showed tetracycline resistance and isolates 15, 19, and 38W showed antimicrobial activity against infectious diarrheal bacteria. Treatment with isolate 38W significantly reduced the paracellular permeability induced by E. coli in HT-29 cells and alleviated the expression of tight junction protein-encoding genes (claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1) induced by E. coli inoculation. Isolates 15, 19, and 38W were named as Pediococcus pentosaceus SMFM2016-NK1, SMFM2016-YK1, and SMFM2016-WK1, respectively. Bacteriocin-related genes were YheH, ytrF, BceA, BceB, and MccF in SMFM2016-NK1; YheH, ytrF, BceA, BceB, entK, lcnA, MccF, and skgD in SMFM2016-YK1; and YheH, ytrF, BceA, BceB, and MccF in SMFM2016-WK1. SMFM2016-YK1 harbored the tetM gene. These results indicate that P. pentosaceus SMFM2016-WK1 might control diarrheal pathogens isolated from pigs. However, a further study is necessary because the results were obtained only from in vitro experiment.202540873998
521150.7395Pediococcus pentosaceus IMI 507025 genome sequencing data. The genome sequence data for the pickled cucumbers isolate, Pediococcus pentosaceus IMI 507025, is reported. The raw reads and analysed genome reads were deposited at NCBI under Bioproject with the accession number PRJNA814992. The number of contigs before and after trimming were 17 and 12 contigs, respectively. The total size of the genome was 1,795,439 bp containing 1,811 total genes, of which 1,751 were coding sequences. IMI 507025 identity was determined via average nucleotide identity (ANI), obtaining an identity value of 99.5994% between IMI 507025 and the type strain P. pentosaceus ATCC 33316, identifying the strain as P. pentosaceus. Screening for the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes in the genome of IMI 507025 showed no hits, confirming the safety of the tested strain. Presence of plasmids was not found.202235864877
81260.7389Characterization of plQ5 plasmid originating fromKlebsiella pneumoniae. plQ5 plasmid consists of a group of genes specifying resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, carbencillin, kanamycin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. It is isolated inKlebslella pneumoniae ZD532, is about 26.8 Kb and is freely transmissible to various bacterial species of Gram-negative bacteria. Physical characterization revealed that plQ5 plasmid has a single site forHindill,BamHI,EcoRI and two sites forBglII restriction enzyme.199024429982
612970.7389Yersinia ruckeri Infection and Enteric Redmouth Disease among Endangered Chinese Sturgeons, China, 2022. During October 2022, enteric redmouth disease (ERM) affected Chinese sturgeons at a farm in Hubei, China, causing mass mortality. Affected fish exhibited characteristic red mouth and intestinal inflammation. Investigation led to isolation of a prominent bacterial strain, zhx1, from the internal organs and intestines of affected fish. Artificial infection experiments confirmed the role of zhx1 as the pathogen responsible for the deaths. The primary pathologic manifestations consisted of degeneration, necrosis, and inflammatory reactions, resulting in multiple organ dysfunction and death. Whole-genome sequencing of the bacteria identified zhx1 as Yersinia ruckeri, which possesses 135 drug-resistance genes and 443 virulence factor-related genes. Drug-susceptibility testing of zhx1 demonstrated high sensitivity to chloramphenicol and florfenicol but varying degrees of resistance to 18 other antimicrobial drugs. Identifying the pathogenic bacteria associated with ERM in Chinese sturgeons establishes a theoretical foundation for the effective prevention and control of this disease.202438781928
53080.7388Location of the genes for anthranilate synthase in Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230: genetic mapping after integration of the cloned genes. The anthranilate synthase (trpEG) genes in Streptomyces venezuelae ISP5230 were located by allowing a segregationally unstable plasmid carrying cloned S. venezuelae trpEG DNA and a thiostrepton resistance (tsr) marker to integrate into the chromosome. The integrated tsr was mapped by conjugation and transduction to a location close to tyr-2, between arg-6 and trpA13. A genomic DNA fragment containing trpC from S. venezuelae ISP5230 was cloned by complementation of a trpC mutation in Streptomyces lividans. Evidence from restriction enzyme analysis of the cloned DNA fragments, from Southern hybridization using the cloned trp DNA as probes, and from cotransduction frequencies, placed trpEG at a distance of 12-45 kb from the trpCBA cluster. The overall arrangement of tryptophan biosynthesis genes in the S. venezuelae chromosome differs from that in other bacteria examined so far.19938515229
601290.7385Metal resistance-related genes are differently expressed in response to copper and zinc ion in six Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains. Metal resistance of acidophilic bacteria is very significant during bioleaching of copper ores since high concentration of metal is harmful to the growth of microorganisms. The resistance levels of six Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains to 0.15 M copper and 0.2 M zinc were investigated, and eight metal resistance-related genes (afe-0022, afe-0326, afe-0329, afe-1143, afe-0602, afe-0603, afe-0604, and afe-1788) were sequenced and analyzed. The transcriptional expression levels of eight possible metal tolerance genes in six A. ferrooxidans strains exposed to 0.15 M Cu(2+) and 0.2 M Zn(2+) were determined by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), respectively. The copper resistance levels of six A. ferrooxidans strains declined followed by DY26, DX5, DY15, GD-B, GD-0, and YTW. The zinc tolerance levels of six A. ferrooxidans strains exposed to 0.2 M Zn(2+) from high to low were YTW > GD-B > DY26 > GD-0 > DX5 > DY15. Seven metal tolerance-related genes all presented in the genome of six strains, except afe-0604. The metal resistance-related genes showed different transcriptional expression patterns in six A. ferrooxidans strains. The expression of gene afe-0326 and afe-0022 in six A. ferrooxidans strains in response to 0.15 M Cu(2+) showed the same trend with the resistance levels. The expression levels of genes afe-0602, afe-0603, afe-0604, and afe-1788 in six strains response to 0.2 M Zn(2+) did not show a clear correlation between the zinc tolerance levels of six strains. According to the results of RT-qPCR and bioinformatics analysis, the proteins encoded by afe-0022, afe-0326, afe-0329, and afe-1143 were related to Cu(2+) transport of A. ferrooxidans strains.201425023638
5210100.7384Whole genome sequence data of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMI 507027. Here we report the draft genome sequence of the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMI 507027 strain. The genome consists of 37 contigs with a total size of 3,235,614 bp and a GC% of 44.51. After sequence trimming, 31 contigs were annotated, revealing 3,126 genes, of which 3,030 were coding sequences. The Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) gave a value of 99.9926% between IMI 507027 and L. plantarum JDM1, identifying the strain as L. plantarum. No genes of concern for safety-related traits such as antimicrobial resistance or virulence factors were found. The annotated genome and raw sequence reads were deposited at NCBI under Bioproject with the accession number PRJNA791753.202235310818
5437110.7381Analysis of antibiotics resistant genes in different strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The control of Staphylococcus aureus infection is being hampered by methicillin and other resistant strains. The identification of the unique antibiotic resistant genes from the genomes of various strains of S. aureus is of interest. We analyzed 11 S. aureus genomes sequences for Antibiotics Resistance Genes (ARGs) using CARD 2017 platform. We identified 32 ARGs across 11 S. aureus strains. Tet(38), norB, lmrB, mepA and mepR were present across genomes except for S. aureus strain UTSW MRSA 55. The mepA and mepR were found across 11 different genomes. However, FosB3, vgaALC, mphC and SAT-4 were found in UTSW MRSA 55, S.a. strain ISU935 and S.a. strain FDAARGOS_159. The prevalent mode of mechanism of antibiotics resistant was efflux pump complex or subunit conferring antibiotic resistance as well as protein(s). Analysis of norB, ImrB, norA, ImrB, tet (38), sav1866 and mecA have 12 to 14 TMHs. The results help in the understanding of Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis in the context of antibiotic resistance.201829785070
6135120.7377Complete genome sequence of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis KLDS 2.0603, a probiotic strain with digestive tract resistance and adhesion to the intestinal epithelial cells. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis KLDS 2.0603 (abbreviated as KLDS 2.0603) is a probiotic strain isolated from the feces of an adult human. Previous studies showed that KLDS 2.0603 has a high resistance to simulated digestive tract conditions and a high ability to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). These two characteristics are essential requirements for the selection of probiotic bacteria. To explore the stress resistance mechanism to the digestive tract environment and the adhesive proteins of this strain, in this paper, we reported the complete genome sequence of KLDS 2.0603, which contains 19,469bp and encodes 1614 coding sequences(CDSs), 15 rRNA genes, 52 tRNA genes with 1678 open reading frames.201626795356
6131130.7376Draft Genome Sequence of Eggerthia catenaformis Strain MAR1 Isolated from Saliva of Healthy Humans. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Eggerthia catenaformis MAR1 isolated during a screen for d-cycloserine-resistant bacteria from the saliva of healthy humans. Analysis of the genome reveals that the strain has the potential to be a human pathogen and carries genes related to virulence and antibiotic resistance.201728705984
6009140.7369Efflux pump inhibitor chlorpromazine effectively increases the susceptibility of Escherichia coli to antimicrobial peptide Brevinin-2CE. Aim: The response of E. coli ATCC8739 to Brevinin-2CE (B2CE) was evaluated as a strategy to prevent the development of antimicrobial peptide (AMP)-resistant bacteria. Methods: Gene expression levels were detected by transcriptome sequencing and RT-PCR. Target genes were knocked out using CRISPR-Cas9. MIC was measured to evaluate strain resistance. Results: Expression of acrZ and sugE were increased with B2CE stimulation. ATCC8739ΔacrZ and ATCC8739ΔsugE showed twofold and fourfold increased sensitivity, respectively. The survival rate of ATCC8739 was reduced in the presence of B2CE/chlorpromazine (CPZ). Combinations of other AMPs with CPZ also showed antibacterial effects. Conclusion: The results indicate that combinations of AMPs/efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) may be a potential approach to combat resistant bacteria.202438683168
5240150.7365Dynamics of Antimicrobial Resistance Carriage in Koalas (Phascolarctos Cinereus) and Pteropid Bats (Pteropus Poliocephalus) Before, During and After Wildfires. In the 2019-2020 summer, wildfires decimated the Australian bush environment and impacted wildlife species, including koalas (Phascolarctos cinereus) and grey headed flying fox pups (Pteropid bats, Pteropus poliocephalus). Consequently, hundreds of koalas and thousands of bat pups entered wildlife hospitals with fire-related injuries/illness, where some individuals received antimicrobial therapy. This study investigated the dynamics of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pre-fire, fire-affected and post-fire koalas and Pteropid bat pups. PCR and DNA sequencing were used to screen DNA samples extracted from faeces (koalas and bats) and cloacal swabs (koalas) for class 1 integrons, a genetic determinant of AMR, and to identify integron-associated antibiotic resistance genes. Class 1 integrons were detected in 25.5% of koalas (68 of 267) and 59.4% of bats (92 of 155). Integrons contained genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim and beta-lactams. Samples were also screened for blaTEM (beta-lactam) resistance genes, which were detected in 2.6% of koalas (7 of 267) and 25.2% of bats (39 of 155). Integron occurrence was significantly higher in fire-affected koalas in-care compared to wild pre-fire koalas (P < 0.0001). Integron and blaTEM occurrence were not significantly different in fire-affected bats compared to pre-fire bats (P > 0.05), however, their occurrence was significantly higher in fire-affected bats in-care compared to wild fire-affected bats (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0488 respectively). The observed shifts of AMR dynamics in wildfire-impacted species flags the need for judicious antibiotic use when treating fire-affected wildlife to minimise unwanted selective pressure and negative treatment outcomes associated with carriage of resistance genes and antibiotic resistant bacteria.202438332161
503160.7361Interaction of the chromosomal Tn 551 with two thermosensitive derivatives, pS1 and p delta D, of the plasmid pI9789 in Staphylococcus aureus. The plasmid pI9789::Tn552 carries genes conferring resistance to penicillins and to cadmium, mercury and arsenate ions. The presence of Tn551 at one location in the chromosome of Staphylococcus aureus enhances the frequency of suppression of thermosensitivity of replication of the plasmids pS1 and p delta D which are derivatives of pI9789::Tn552. Bacteriophage propagated on the bacteria in which thermosensitivity of replication had been suppressed was used to transduce cadmium resistance to S. aureus PS80N. The cadmium-resistant transductants obtained carried plasmid pS1 or p delta D with a copy of Tn551 inserted into a specific site on pS1 but into several different sites on p delta D. The possible mechanisms of the suppression are discussed.19957758929
822170.7359Exoglucanase-encoding genes from three Wickerhamomyces anomalus killer strains isolated from olive brine. Wickerhamomyces anomalus killer strains are important for fighting pathogenic yeasts and for controlling harmful yeasts and bacteria in the food industry. Targeted disruption of key genes in β-glucan synthesis of a sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain conferred resistance to the toxins of W. anomalus strains BS91, BCA15 and BCU24 isolated from olive brine. Competitive inhibition of the killing activities by laminarin and pustulan refer to β-1,3- and β-1,6-glucans as the main primary toxin targets. The extracellular exoglucanase-encoding genes WaEXG1 and WaEXG2 from the three strains were sequenced and were found to display noticeable similarities to those from known potent W. anomalus killer strains.201323148020
3738180.7359In Silico Prediction of Antibiotic Resistance in Mycobacterium ulcerans Agy99 through Whole Genome Sequence Analysis. Buruli ulcer is an emerging infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans that has been reported from 33 countries. Antimicrobial agents either alone or in combination with surgery have been proved to be clinically relevant and therapeutic strategies have been deduced mainly from the empirical experience. The genome sequences of M. ulcerans strain AGY99, M. ulcerans ecovar liflandii, and three Mycobacterium marinum strains were analyzed to predict resistance in these bacteria. Fourteen putative antibiotic resistance genes from different antibiotics classes were predicted in M. ulcerans and mutation in katG (R431G) and pncA (T47A, V125I) genes were detected, that confer resistance to isoniazid and pyrazinamide, respectively. No mutations were detected in rpoB, gyrA, gyrB, rpsL, rrs, emb, ethA, 23S ribosomal RNA genes and promoter region of inhA and ahpC genes associated with resistance. Our results reemphasize the usefulness of in silico analysis for the prediction of antibiotic resistance in fastidious bacteria.201728749770
5384190.7358Characterization of drug resistance and virulotypes of Salmonella strains isolated from food and humans. The virulence of bacteria can be evaluated through both phenotypic and molecular assays. We applied these techniques to 114 strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica collected from July 2010 to June 2012. Salmonella strains were of human origin (71/114) or isolated from food (43/114). The strain set included only the three predominant Salmonella serovars isolated in Italy from humans (S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. 4,[5],12:i:-). These strains were screened via polymerase chain reaction for 12 virulence factors (gipA, gtgB, sopE, sspH1, sspH2, sodC1, gtgE, spvC, pefA, mig5, rck, srgA), while antimicrobial sensitivity was evaluated through the Kirby-Bauer assay. Fifty-nine different virulence profiles were highlighted; the genes showing the highest homology were those related to the presence of prophages (gipA, gtgB, sopE, sspH1, sspH2, sodC1, gtgE), while the genes related to the presence of plasmids were less frequently detected (spvC, pefA, mig5, rck, srgA). The Salmonella serovars Typhimurium and 4,[5],12:i:- were closely related in terms of both virulotyping and antibiotic resistance. S. Enteritidis showed higher antibiotic sensitivity and a higher prevalence of genes related to plasmids.201324102078