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703900.9966Profiles and key drivers of bacteria/phage co-mediated antibiotic resistance genes during swine manure composting amended with humic acid. Phages can promote the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in agricultural environments through transduction. However, studies on phage-mediated ARG profiles during composting have not been performed. This study investigated the effects of adding humic acid (HA) on the abundances of bacteria/phage co-mediated ARGs (b/pARGs) during swine manure composting and the key factors that affected the transmission of b/pARGs. The results showed that the addition of 5 % HA during composting could effectively reduce the absolute abundances of b/pARGs, inhibit the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms (e.g., Corynebacterium and Streptococcus) that carried ARGs, and ultimately affect the fate of b/pARGs in the composting process by regulating key environmental factors to change the abundance of co-host bacteria. Overall, the findings of this study provided new information for understanding the main driving factors affecting the b/pARGs profile and provided a reference for the prevention and control of ARGs pollution during composting.202336774987
694410.9965Rapidly mitigating antibiotic resistant risks in chicken manure by Hermetia illucens bioconversion with intestinal microflora. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in animal manure are an environmental concern due to naturally occurring bacteria being exposed to these wastes and developing multidrug resistance. The bioconversion of manure with fly larvae is a promising alternative for recycling these wastes while attenuating ARGs. We investigated the impact of black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) larval bioconversion of chicken manure on the persistence of associated ARGs. Compared with traditional composting or sterile larval treatments (by 48.4% or 88.7%), non-sterile BSF larval treatments effectively reduced ARGs and integrin genes by 95.0% during 12 days, due to rapid decreases in concentrations of the genes and associated bacteria as they passed through the larval gut and were affected by intestinal microbes. After larval treatments, bacterial community composition differed significantly, with the percentage of Firmicutes possibly carrying ARGs reduced by 65.5% or more. On average, human pathogenic bacteria populations declined by 70.7%-92.9%, effectively mitigating risks of these bacteria carrying ARGs. Environmental pH, nitrogen content and antibiotic concentrations were closely related to both bacterial community composition and targeted gene attenuation in larval systems. Selective pressures of larval gut environments with intestinal microbes, larval bacteriostasis and reformulation of manure due to larval digestion contributed to ARG attenuation.201830318817
696220.9965The risk of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) enterococci and antibiotic resistance transmission during simulated municipal sludge composting. Sludge composting is a sludge resource utilization method that can reduce pollutants, such as pathogens. Enterococci are regarded as more reliable and conservative indicators of pathogen inactivation than fecal coliforms, which are typically used as indicators of fecal pollution. Non-spore pathogenic bacteria may enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state during composting, leading to residual risk. The VBNC status of bacteria is related to their survival during composting. However, the survival mechanisms of enterococci during sludge composting remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the VBNC state of enterococci in different phases of simulated sludge composting and the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) during the composting process. This study is expected to provide a basis for subsequent exploration of possible methods to completely inactivate enterococci and reduce ARGs during sludge composting. Culturable enterococci were reduced in the thermophilic phase of sludge composting, but the proportion of VBNC subpopulation increased. It was reported for the first time that most VBNC enterococci were killed by extending the cooling phase of sludge compost, and by prolonging the cooling phase the types of ARG were reduced. However, there was a certain quantity (approximately 10(4)/g dry weight) of culturable and VBNC enterococci in the compost products. In addition, MGEs and ARGs exist in both bacteria and compost products, leading to the risk of spreading antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance when sludge compost products are used.202438703551
696630.9964Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Inoculants on Fermentation Quality, Bacteria Communities and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Whole-Crop Corn Silage. Feed is an important source of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in animals and products, posing significant potential risks to human health and the environment. Ensiling may present a feasible method for reducing ARGs in animal feed. This study involved the addition of four types of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP), Pediococcus acidilactici (P), Enterococcus faecium (E), and Ligilactobacillus salivarius (LS), to whole-crop corn silage to investigate changes in ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and their transmission risks during ensiling. The results indicated that the addition of LAB significantly reduced the ammonia nitrogen content and pH value of whole-crop corn silage, inhibited the growth of harmful microorganisms, and increased the lactic acid content (p < 0.05). The improvement effect was particularly pronounced in the P treatment group. Natural fermentation plays a significant role in reducing ARG abundance, and the addition of different types of lactic acid bacteria helps reduce the abundance of both ARGs and MGEs. Specifically, the LS treatment group exhibited a significant decrease in MGE abundance, potentially reducing the horizontal transmission risk of ARGs. Furthermore, variations in ARG abundance within different LAB strains were detected, showing a consistent trend with that in silage. ARGs and MGEs were correlated with the fermentation parameters and microbial communities (p < 0.05). This suggests that adding LAB with low levels of ARGs to silage can effectively reduce ARG contamination. Bacterial community structure, MGEs, and fermentation quality may act as driving forces for the transfer and dissemination of ARGs in the silage ecosystem.202541011310
761540.9964Biofilm processes in treating mariculture wastewater may be a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. Antibiotics are heavily used in Chinese mariculture, but only a small portion of the added antibiotics are absorbed by living creatures. Biofilm processes are universally used in mariculture wastewater treatment. In this study, removal of antibiotics (norfloxacin, rifampicin, and oxytetracycline) from wastewater by moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) and the influence of antibiotics on reactor biofilm were investigated. The results demonstrated that there was no significant effect of sub-μg/L-sub-mg/L concentrations of antibiotics on TOC removal. Moreover, the relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) in MBBR biofilm increased because of selective pressure of antibiotics. In addition, antibiotics decreased the diversity of the biofilm bacterial community and altered bacterial community structure. These findings provide an empirical basis for the development of appropriate practices for mariculture, and suggest that disinfection and advanced oxidation should be applied to eliminate antibiotics, ARGs, and ARB from mariculture wastewater.201728285703
798750.9964Assessing the effect of composted cyclosporin A fermentation residue as organic fertilizer: Focus on soil fertility and antibiotic resistance. Cyclosporin A fermentation residue (CFR) is a type of organic waste generated during the production of cyclosporin A, which are abundant in nutrients including organic matter, phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium. Inappropriate handling of CFR not only waste valuable bioresources, but may also lead to the cyclosporin A and associated resistance genes into the natural environment, posing a significant threat to ecological system and human health. Land application was an effective way to resource recovery of CFR after aerobic composting (CAC). This study investigated the impact of CAC on soil fertility and environmental safety. The results indicated that CAC could improve soil nutrient contents and enhance enzyme activities. CAC altered the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria, resulting in an increase in the abundance of relevant bacteria beneficial for organic matter decomposition and cyclosporin A degradation. The introduced cyclosporin A (71.69 µg/kg) completely degraded within 20 days due to soil biodegradation. The significantly increased abundance of intIl, mdr3, pgp, TSR and pmra in the soil cultivation early stage were restored to the soil background level within 90 days, indicating a reduced risk of antimicrobial resistance. The results demonstrated that reasonable land application of CAC could improve soil fertility without antimicrobial resistance risk, which is helpful for evaluating the resource utilization value and environmental risks of antibiotic fermentation residue after aerobic composting.202540602925
705160.9964Polyvinyl chloride microplastics in the aquatic environment enrich potential pathogenic bacteria and spread antibiotic resistance genes in the fish gut. Microplastics and antibiotics coexist in aquatic environments, especially in freshwater aquaculture areas. However, as the second largest production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in the world, the effects of co-exposure to microplastics particles and antibiotics on changes in antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) profiles and the microbial community structure of aquatic organism gut microorganisms are poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, carp (Cyprinus carpio) were exposed to single or combined PVC microplastic contamination and oxytetracycline (OTC) or sulfamethazine (SMZ) for 8 weeks. PVC microplastics can enrich potential pathogenic bacteria, such as Enterobacter and Acinetobacter, among intestinal microorganisms. The presence of PVC microplastics enhanced the selective enrichment and dissemination risk of ARGs. PVC microplastics combined with OTC (OPVC) treatment significantly increased the abundance of tetracycline resistance genes (1.40-fold) compared with that in the OTC exposure treatment, revealing an obvious co-selection effect. However, compared with those in the control group, the total abundance of ARGs and MGEs in the OPVC treatment groups were significantly lower, which was correlated with the reduced abundances of the potential host Enterobacter. Overall, our results emphasized the diffusion and spread of ARGs are more influenced by PVC microplastics than by antibiotics, which may lead to antibiotic resistance in aquaculture.202438878444
758270.9964Anaerobic fermentation for hydrogen production and tetracycline degradation: Biodegradation mechanism and microbial community succession. The misuse and continues discharge of antibiotics can cause serious pollution, which is urgent to take steps to remit the environment pollution. In this study, anaerobic bacteria isolated from the aeration tank of a local sewage treatment plant were employed to investigate hydrogen production and tetracycline (TC) degradation during anaerobic fermentation. Results indicate that low concentrations of TC enhanced hydrogen production, increasing from 366 mL to a maximum of 480 mL. This increase is attributed to stimulated hydrolysis and acidogenesis, coupled with significant inhibition of homoacetogenesis. Furthermore, the removal of TC, facilitated by adsorption and biodegradation, exceeded 90 %. During the fermentation process, twenty-one by-products were identified, leading to the proposal of four potential degradation pathways. Analysis of the microbial community revealed shifts in diversity and a decrease in the abundance of hydrogen-producing bacteria, whereas bacteria harboring tetracycline resistance genes became more prevalent. This study provides a possibility to treat tetracycline-contaminated wastewater and to produce clean energy simultaneously by anaerobic fermentation.202439168318
858180.9964Tire particles and its leachates: Impact on antibiotic resistance genes in coastal sediments. Tire particles (TPs), a significant group of microplastics, can be discharged into the coastal environments in various ways. However, our understanding of how TPs impact the antibiotic resistance and pathogenic risks of microorganisms in coastal sediments remains limited. In this study, we used metagenomics to investigate how TPs and their leachates could affect the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence factor genes (VFGs), and their potential risks to the living creatures such as soil invertebrates and microorganisms in the coastal sediments. We discovered that TP addition significantly increased the abundance and diversity of ARGs and VFGs in coastal sediments, with raw TPs displayed higher impacts than TP leachates and TPs after leaching on ARGs and VFGs. With increasing TP exposure concentrations, the co-occurrence frequency of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the same contig also increased, suggesting that TPs could enhance the dispersal risk of ARGs. Our metagenome-based binning analysis further revealed that exposure to TPs increased the abundance of potentially pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria (PARB). In addition, chemical additives of TP leachates (e.g., Zn and N-cyclohexylformamide) significantly affected the changes of ARGs in the pore water. In summary, our study provides novel insights into the adverse effects of TP pollutions on aggravating the dissemination and pathogenic risks of ARGs and PARB in the coastal environment.202438147751
704090.9964The maturity period is the main stage of antibiotic resistance genes reduction in aerobic composting process of swine manure in sub-scale farms. This study was focused on the changes of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their potential host bacteria during the swine manure composting on sub-scale farms. Eight target ARGs increased 427% on average, with a trend of increase at early stage and decrease at later stage, and the main reduction stage appeared in maturity stage. The abundance of ARGs was mainly affected by the community succession of potential host bacteria. Composting could reduce the abundance of potential host bacteria of ARGs as well as pathogens such as Pseudomonas, and reduce the environmental risks of swine manure. N/C and S levels had a positive effect on the potential host of most ARGs. Prolonging the maturity period would inhibit the growth of potential host bacteria of ARGs during composting, therefore inhibiting the transmission of ARGs.202132971337
7649100.9964Pathogenic bacteria in biogas plants using cattle, swine, and poultry manure. Fugate, a waste product from biogas production, regularly used in agriculture as a fertiliser, may contain bacterial pathogens that cause zoonoses. Anaerobic digestion (AD) can inactivate viable pathogens, including parasites, viruses, and pathogens containing antibiotic resistance genes. This study aimed to compare the numbers of pathogenic bacteria and diversity of potential bacterial pathogens in the fugate using three different types of slurry: cattle, swine, and poultry manure. The swine fugate showed higher numbers of Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter sp. than the poultry and cattle fugate. In the cattle fugate, the lowest total number of pathogenic bacteria and a low number of coliforms were detected after the AD. The use of cattle manure in biogas plants presents a lower potential for soil contamination with pathogens. The fugate produced using poultry or swine manure can be used carefully to avoid possibility of contamination of aquifers or surface waters. Also fugate produced from manure of cows suffering from chronic botulism can be used only with carefulness because of the presence of Clostridium botulinum spores in biogas waste of diseased cows.202540735305
7942110.9964Insight into effects of polyethylene microplastics in anaerobic digestion systems of waste activated sludge: Interactions of digestion performance, microbial communities and antibiotic resistance genes. The environmental risks of microplastics (MPs) have raised an increasing concern. However, the effects of MPs in anaerobic digestion (AD) systems of waste activated sludge (WAS), especially on the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), have not been clearly understood. Herein, the variation and interaction of digestion performance, microbial communities and ARGs during AD process of WAS in the presence of polyethylene (PE) MPs with two sizes, PE MPs-180μm and PE MPs-1mm, were investigated. The results showed that the presence of PE MPs, especially PE MPs-1mm, led to the increased hydrolysis of soluble polysaccharides and proteins and the accumulation of volatile fatty acids. The methane production decreased by 6.1% and 13.8% in the presence of PE MPs-180μm and PE MPs-1mm, respectively. Together with this process, hydrolytic bacteria and acidogens were enriched, and methanogens participating in acetoclastic methanogenesis were reduced. Meanwhile, ARGs were enriched obviously by the presence of PE MPs, the abundances of which in PE MPs-180μm and PE MPs-1mm groups were 1.2-3.0 times and 1.5-4.0 times higher than that in the control by the end of AD. That was associated with different co-occurrence patterns between ARGs and bacterial taxa and the enrichment of ARG-hosting bacteria caused by the presence of PE MPs. Together these results suggested the adverse effects of PE MPs on performance and ARGs removal during AD process of WAS through inducing the changes of microbial populations.202235944782
7492120.9964Elucidating the role of two types of essential oils in regulating antibiotic resistance in soil. Although several approaches for reducing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil have been proposed, the application of environmentally friendly approaches is now attracting much more attention. In the present study, two types of essential oils (EOs), namely lavender essential oil (LEO) and oregano essential oil (OEO), were selected to investigate their roles in regulating ARGs in soil. In a 28-day microcosm experiment, it was found that the different types and doses of EOs significantly changed the composition of microbial communities. The LEO treatments enriched more taxa belonging to Actinobacteria than the control, whereas the low dose of OEO reduced Actinobacteria enrichment. Besides, the control and the treatments with a high dose of LEO and OEO all significantly enriched the functional pathways related to Human Diseases, which were positively associated with ARGs. However, the low dose of these EOs helped to reduce the pathways. Because of inhibition of the functional pathways and ARG hosts, the low dose of OEO reduce the ARGs related to antibiotic efflux by 71.8% and the resistance genes to multidrug by 56.4%, but these roles did not occur in LEO treatments. These outcomes provide practical and theoretical support for the application of EOs in remediating ARG-contaminated soils.202337094440
8560130.9964Inhibition of quorum sensing serves as an effective strategy to mitigate the risks of human bacterial pathogens in soil. The coexistence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and virulence factor genes (VFGs) in human bacterial pathogens (HBPs) increases their risks to ecological security and human health and no effective strategy is available. Herein, we demonstrated two typical quorum sensing (QS) interfering agents, 4-nitropyridine-N-oxide (4-NPO, a QS inhibitor) and Acylase Ⅰ (a quorum quenching (QQ) enzyme), effectively decreased the abundance of HBPs by 48.30% and 72.54%, respectively, which was accompanied by the reduction of VFGs, ARGs, and MGEs. The decrease in QS signals mediated by QS interfering agents disturbed bacterial communication and inhibited biofilm formation. More importantly, QS interfering agents reduced the intra-species and inter-species conjugation frequencies among bacteria, considerably inhibiting the dissemination of ARGs and VFGs via horizontal gene transfer. Furthermore, the QS interfering agents did not significantly affect the metabolic function of other nonpathogenic microorganisms in the soil. Collectively, our study provides an effective and eco-friendly strategy to mitigate the risks of HBPs in soil.202438134686
8023140.9964Effects of macroporous adsorption resin on antibiotic resistance genes and the bacterial community during composting. Swine manure is considered a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which may enter the soil and then the food chain to endanger human health. This study investigated the effects of adding 0%, 5%, and 15% (w/w) macroporous adsorption resin (MAR) on ARGs and the bacterial community during composting. The results showed that the addition of MAR reduced the abundances of ARGs (14.14-99.44%) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (47.83-99.48%) after swine manure composting. Significant positive correlations were detected between ARGs and MGEs, and thus the variations in MGEs may have led to the changes in ARGs. Redundancy analysis showed that MGEs had stronger effects on ARGs than environmental factors and the bacterial community. Network analysis suggested that ARGs and MGEs co-existed in common host bacteria. In conclusion, the results showed that adding 5% MAR can reduce the risk of ARG transmission.202031634802
7548150.9963Maturity phase is crucial for removing antibiotic resistance genes during composting: novel insights into dissolved organic matter-microbial symbiosis system. Composting is widely regarded as an effective method for reducing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in livestock and poultry manure. However, the critical mechanisms of ARGs in different composting phase are still unclear. In this study, normal composting and two types of rapid composting (without mature phase) were used to analyze the removal of ARGs and the succession of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Compared to normal composting, rapid composting reactivated tetracyclines, sulfonamide, and quinolones resistance genes during the maturation phase and reduced the total ARGs removal rates by 45.58 %-57.87 %. Humus-like components could inhibit the proliferation of ARGs, and the enrichment of protein-like components increased abundances of Pusillimonas, Persicitalea, and Pseudomonas, indirectly reducing the removal. This study is the first to demonstrate the contribution of DOM and microbial community to ARGs removal, emphasizing the importance of the maturation phase for ARGs elimination. This research provides guidance for producing safe compost products.202540311709
7558160.9963Interaction of sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea in urban sewers, leads to increased risk of proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes. Sewers are considered a potential reservoir of antibiotic resistance. However, the generation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in microbial communities in pipeline biofilms under antibiotic stress remains unexplored. In this study, the biodegradation efficiency of tetracycline (TCY) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was evaluated in a pilot reactor of the sewers. The results showed that under TCY and SMX stress, the degradation efficiency of sewage water was inhibited. The most abundant ARGs detected in the biofilm samples were TCY-related genes (e.g., tetW/N/W, tetC, and tetM), accounting for 34.1%. The microbial community composition varied, and the correlation analysis showed that antibiotic stress had a certain impact on the biological metabolic activity and function of the urban sewers. The community structure and diversity of biofilms enabled the evaluation of the bioconversion of antibiotics. Notably, Anaerocella and Paludibacter directly influenced the methanogenesis and sulfate reduction processes, playing a key role in the interaction between sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea. These microorganisms facilitated the proliferation of ARGs (tet and sul) in the biofilms through horizontal gene transfer. This study provides insight into the front-end control of ARGs, further improving sewage treatment plant processes and reducing the environmental and health risks caused by antibiotic abuse.202539894155
8059170.9963Particle size of zero-valent iron affects the risks from antibiotic resistance genes in waste activated sludge during anaerobic digestion. Zero-valent iron (ZVI) is the promising enhancer for sludge anaerobic digestion (AD) performance and for mitigating the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, concerns about its size effects in shifting the behavior and risk of ARGs in sludge, during the AD process. Here, the metagenomics-based profile of ARGs, along with their potential (pathogenic) hosts in sludge were investigated, during mesophilic AD enhanced by ZVI with three different sizes. Results showed that the size of ZVI affected the profiles of ARGs, with nano-ZVI (nZVI, 50 nm) demonstrating the most significant reduction in abundance (by 45.0 %) and diversity (by 8.6 %) of total ARGs, followed by micron-ZVI (150 μm) and iron scrap (1 mm). Similar trends were also observed for high-risk ARGs, pathogens, and potential pathogenic hosts for ARGs. Notably, nZVI achieved the greatest reductions in the abundance of risk ARGs and potential pathogenic hosts (superbugs) by 58.8 % and 53.9 %, respectively. Correlation and redundancy analyses revealed that, the size of ZVI induced concentration differences in ammonium nitrogen, pH, carbonaceous matters, iron, and potential microbial hosts were the main reasons for the variation in the risk of ARGs. Moreover, the down-regulation of genes involved in oxidative stress contributed to the lower risk of ARGs in the three ZVI groups, especially in nZVI. This study provides insights into AD processes of solid wastes using ZVI enhancers.202540043404
8082180.9963Deciphering the toxic effects of antibiotics on denitrification: Process performance, microbial community and antibiotic resistance genes. The extensive application of antibiotics, and the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) shade health risks to human and animal. The long-term effects of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and tetracycline (TC) on denitrification process were evaluated in this study, with the focus on nitrogen removal performance, microbial community and ARGs. Results showed that low-concentration SMX and TC (<0.2 mg L(-1)) initially caused a deterioration in nitrogen removal performance, while higher concentrations (0.4-20 mg L(-1)) of both antibiotics had no further inhibitory influences. The abundances of ARGs in both systems generally increased during the whole period, and most of them had significant correlations with intI1, especially efflux-pump genes. Castellaniella, which was the dominant genus under antibiotic pressure, might be potential resistant bacteria. These findings provide an insight into the toxic effects of different antibiotics on denitrification process, and guides future efforts to control antibiotics pollution in ecosystems.202032250829
8076190.9963Effects of chlortetracycline and copper on tetracyclines and copper resistance genes and microbial community during swine manure anaerobic digestion. As antibiotic and heavy metals are over used in the livestock industry, animal manure is a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Anaerobic digestion has been reported to have the potential to reduce ARGs. However, few studies investigated whether reduction of ARGs would be affected by different external pressures including antibiotics and heavy metals during anaerobic digestion. The purpose of this study was thus to investigate effects of both chlortetracycline (CTC) and Cu on reduction of ARGs, heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) during the swine manure anaerobic digestion. The results showed that the predominant ARGs (tetO, tetW, tetX, tetL) could be effectively reduced (approximately 1.00 log copies/g TS) through mesophilic anaerobic digestion. Microbial community evolution was the main driver. It was interesting that Treponema might indicate the termination of anaerobic digestion and compete with ARGs host bacteria. Addition of CTC, Cu and CTC+Cu affected microbial community change and hindered removal of ARGs, especially, CTC+Cu seriously affected Treponema and ARGs during anaerobic digestion.201728432950