NFLX - Word Related Documents




#
Rank
Similarity
Title + Abs.
Year
PMID
012345
792200.9024Simultaneous removal and high tolerance of norfloxacin with electricity generation in microbial fuel cell and its antibiotic resistance genes quantification. Norfloxacin (NFLX) is a synthetic antibiotic widely used in the treatment of infectious diseases. In this work, the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) toward NFLX degradation, electricity production and the antibiotics resistances genes (ARGs) generation was investigated. NFLX degradation efficiency and COD removal reached 65.5% and 94.5% respectively. The increase in NFLX concentration (128 mg/L) had no significant influence on NFLX degradation efficiency, COD removal and MFCs voltage output while the electricity was successfully generated. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) indicated low absolute abundances of ARGs (mdtk, mdtm, and pmra) compared with the traditional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Anodic bacteria can survive in the presence of high NFLX concentration and sustain its degradation and electricity production. In terms of NFLX degradation, COD removal, diminished ARGs generation and simultaneous energy production, MFC seems to be a promising technology for antibiotics wastewater treatment with a potential to overcome the ARGs challenge.202032097778
811210.8989Fate of antibiotic resistance bacteria and genes during enhanced anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge by microwave pretreatment. The fate of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated during the sludge anaerobic digestion (AD) with microwave-acid (MW-H), microwave (MW) and microwave-H2O2-alkaline (MW-H2O2) pretreatments. Results showed that combined MW pretreatment especially for the MW-H pretreatment could efficiently reduce the ARB concentration, and most ARG concentrations tended to attenuate during the pretreatment. The subsequent AD showed evident removal of the ARB, but most ARGs were enriched after AD. Only the concentration of tetX kept continuous declination during the whole sludge treatment. The total ARGs concentration showed significant correlation with 16S rRNA during the pretreatment and AD. Compared with unpretreated sludge, the AD of MW and MW-H2O2 pretreated sludge presented slightly better ARB and ARGs reduction efficiency.201626970692
787620.8988Sulfamethoxazole impact on pollutant removal and microbial community of aerobic granular sludge with filamentous bacteria. In this study, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was employed to investigate its impact on the process of aerobic granule sludge with filamentous bacteria (FAGS). FAGS has shown great tolerance ability. FAGS in a continuous flow reactor (CFR) could keep stable with 2 μg/L of SMX addition during long-term operation. The NH(4)(+), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and SMX removal efficiencies kept higher than 80%, 85%, and 80%, respectively. Both adsorption and biodegradation play important roles in SMX removal for FAGS. The extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) might play important role in SMX removal and FAGS tolerance to SMX. The EPS content increased from 157.84 mg/g VSS to 328.22 mg/g VSS with SMX addition. SMX has slightly affected on microorganism community. A high abundance of Rhodobacter, Gemmobacter, and Sphaerotilus of FAGS may positively correlate to SMX. The SMX addition has led to the increase in the abundance of the four sulfonamide resistance genes in FAGS.202336871701
787730.8975External circuit loading mode regulates anode biofilm electrochemistry and pollutants removal in microbial fuel cells. This study investigated the effects of different external circuit loading mode on pollutants removal and power generation in microbial fuel cells (MFC). The results indicated that MFC exhibited distinct characteristics of higher maximum power density (P(max)) (named MFC-HP) and lower P(max) (named MFC-LP). And the capacitive properties of bioanodes may affect anodic electrochemistry. Reducing external load to align with the internal resistance increased P(max) of MFC-LP by 54.47 %, without no obvious effect on MFC-HP. However, intermittent external resistance loading (IER) mitigated the biotoxic effects of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (a persistent organic pollutant) on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH(4)(+)-N removal and maintained high P(max) (424.33 mW/m(2)) in MFC-HP. Meanwhile, IER mode enriched electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) and environmental adaptive bacteria Advenella, which may reduce antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) accumulation. This study suggested that the external circuit control can be effective means to regulate electrochemical characteristics and pollutants removal performance of MFC.202439153696
785940.8967Abatement of antibiotics and resistance genes during catalytic ozonation enhanced sludge dewatering process: Synchronized in volume and hazardousness reduction. Based on the efficiency of the catalytic ozonation techniques (HDWS+O(3) and MnFe(2)O(4) @SBC+O(3)) in enhancing the sludge dewaterability, the effectiveness in synchronized abatement antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was conducted to determine. The results revealed that catalytic ozonation conditioning altered the distribution of target antibiotics (tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFL)) in the dewatered filtrate, the dewatered sludge cake and the extra-microcolony/cellular polymers (EMPS/ECPS) layers, achieving the redistribution from solid-phase adsorption to liquid-phase dissolution. The total degradation rate was over 90% for TC and OTC, 72-78% for NOR and OFL; the abatement efficiency of eleven ARGs reached 1.47-3.01 log and 1.64-3.59 log, respectively, and more than four eARGs were eliminated. The effective abatement of the absolute abundance of Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (0.91-1.89 log) demonstrated that catalytic ozonation conditioning could also significantly inhibit horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The abundance of resistant bacteria was greatly reduced and the signal transduction of the typical ARGs host bacteria was inhibited. The highly reactive oxidation species (ROS) generated were responsible for the abatement of antibiotics and ARGs. These findings provided new insights into the sludge conditioning for ideal and synchronized reduction in volume and hazardousness by catalytic ozonation processes in sludge treatment.202437944236
794050.8961Microplastics affect the ammonia oxidation performance of aerobic granular sludge and enrich the intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes. Microplastics (MPs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as emerging pollutants, are frequently detected in wastewater treatment plants, and their threats to the environment have received extensive attentions. However, the effects of MPs on the nitrification of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and the spread patterns of intracellular and extracellular ARGs (iARGs and eARGs) in AGS were still unknown. In this study, the responses of AGS to the exposure of 1, 10 and 100 mg/L of typical MPs (polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE)) and tetracycline were focused on in 3 L nitrifying sequencing batch reactors. 10 mg/L MPs decreased the nitrification function, but nitrification could recover. Furthermore, MPs inhibited ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and enriched nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, leading partial nitrification to losing stability. PVC, PA and PS stimulated the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances and reactive oxygen species. PE had less negative effect on AGS than PVC, PA and PS. The abundances of iARGs and eARGs (tetW, tetE and intI1) increased significantly and the intracellular and extracellular microbial communities obviously shifted in AGS system under MPs stress. Potential pathogenic bacteria might be the common hosts of iARGs and eARGs in AGS system and were enriched in AGS and MPs biofilms.202133387747
783160.8961Integration of nanowire-confined electroporation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and electroactivation of peracetic acid for eliminating intracellular resistance genes. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most substantial challenges for global public health. To address the inefficient elimination of intracellular resistance genes (i-ARGs) in antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) by peracetic acid (PAA) oxidation, we developed an integration strategy (NW-EP/EA) of nanowire-confined electroporation (NW-EP) of ARB cells and nanowire-confined electroactivation (NW-EA) of PAA with a sequential oxidation-reduction process. The locally enhanced electric field and electrocatalytic activity over NW tips prompted the formation of electroporation pores on ARB cells and the generation of reactive ⋅OH and RO⋅ radicals by PAA electroactivation. The NW-EP/EA with Pd-coated TiO(2)NW cathode with atomic H* evolution exhibited 0.6 -2.8-log higher i-ARG removal than the pristine TiO(2)NW cathode, especially achieving ∼5.0-log i-ARG removal (99.999 %) at 4.0 V and 2.0 mM PAA with ∼4.1-log synergistic effect and ∼10 times lower energy consumption as compared with the individual NW-EP (∼0.32-log and 52.1 %) and PAA (∼0.56-log and 74.4 %). For the sequential oxidation-reduction process, the electrooxidative activation of PAA on TiO(2)NW anode produced H(+) ions, ⋅OH and RO⋅ radicals for enlarging electroporation pores, and the generated H(+) ions promoted the evolution of atomic H* and electroreduction of PAA on subsequent Pd-TiO(2)NW cathode for further facilitating ARB cell damages, i-ARG leakage and degradation. The effective i-ARGs removal and HGT inhibition in tap water suggested the great application potentials of NW-EP/EA in the control of ARGs dissemination risks in drinking water.202540907311
811770.8951Composting of oxytetracycline fermentation residue in combination with hydrothermal pretreatment for reducing antibiotic resistance genes enrichment. Hydrothermal pretreatment can efficiently remove the residual antibiotics in oxytetracycline fermentation residue (OFR), but its effect on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during composting remains unclear. This study compared the shifts in bacterial community and evolutions in ARGs and integrons during different composting processes of OFRs with and without hydrothermal pretreatment. The results demonstrated that hydrothermal pretreatment increased the bacterial alpha diversity at the initial phase, and increased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria but decreased that of Bacteroidetes at the final phase by inactivating mycelia and removing residual oxytetracycline. Composting process inevitably elevated the abundance and relative abundance of ARGs. However, the increase in ARGs was significantly reduced by hydrothermal pretreatment, because the removal of oxytetracycline decreased their potential host bacteria and inhibited their horizontal gene transfer. The results demonstrated that hydrothermal pretreatment is an efficient strategy to reduce the enrichment of ARGs during the OFR composting.202033099099
785880.8947Photocatalytic Reactive Ultrafiltration Membrane for Removal of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes from Wastewater Effluent. Biological wastewater treatment is not effective in removal of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, we fabricated a photocatalytic reactive membrane by functionalizing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane with titanium oxide (TiO(2)) nanoparticles for the removal of ARB and ARGs from a secondary wastewater effluent. The TiO(2)-modified PVDF membrane provided complete retention of ARB and effective photocatalytic degradation of ARGs and integrons. Specifically, the total removal efficiency of ARGs (i.e., plasmid-mediated floR, sul1, and sul2) with TiO(2)-modified PVDF membrane reached ∼98% after exposure to UV irradiation. Photocatalytic degradation of ARGs located in the genome was found to be more efficient than those located in plasmid. Excellent removal of integrons (i.e., intI1, intI2, and intI3) after UV treatment indicated that the horizontal transfer potential of ARGs was effectively controlled by the TiO(2) photocatalytic reaction. We also evaluated the antifouling properties of the TiO(2)-UF membrane to demonstrate its potential application in wastewater treatment.201829984583
782990.8943Insights into capture-inactivation/oxidation of antibiotic resistance bacteria and cell-free antibiotic resistance genes from waters using flexibly-functionalized microbubbles. The spread of antibiotic resistance in the aquatic environment severely threatens the public health and ecological security. This study investigated simultaneously capturing and inactivating/oxidizing the antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and cell-free antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in waters by flexibly-functionalized microbubbles. The microbubbles were obtained by surface-modifying the bubbles with coagulant (named as coagulative colloidal gas aphrons, CCGAs) and further encapsulating ozone in the gas core (named as coagulative colloidal ozone aphrons, CCOAs). CCGAs removed 92.4-97.5% of the sulfamethoxazole-resistant bacteria in the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM), and the log reduction of cell-free ARGs (particularly, those encoded in plasmid) reached 1.86-3.30. The ozone release from CCOAs led to efficient in-situ oxidation: 91.2% of ARB were membrane-damaged and inactivated. In the municipal wastewater matrix, the removal of ARB increased whilst that of cell-free ARGs decreased by CCGAs with the DOM content increasing. The ozone encapsulation into CCGAs reinforced the bubble performance. The predominant capture mechanism should be electrostatic attraction between bubbles and ARB (or cell-free ARGs), and DOM enhanced the sweeping and bridging effect. The functionalized microbubble technology can be a promising and effective barrier for ARB and cell-free ARGs with shortened retention time, lessened chemical doses and simplified treatment unit.202235063836
7897100.8942Enhanced removal of antibiotic and antibiotic resistance genes by coupling biofilm electrode reactor and manganese ore substrate up-flow microbial fuel cell constructed wetland system. Manganese ore substrate up-flow microbial fuel cell constructed wetland (UCW-MFC(Mn)) as an innovative wastewater treatment technology for purifying antibiotics and electricity generation with few antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) generation has attracted attention. However, antibiotic purifying effects should be further enhanced. In this study, a biofilm electrode reactor (BER) that needs direct current driving was powered by a Mn ore anode (UCW-MFC(Mn)) to form a coupled system without requiring direct-current source. Removal efficiencies of sulfadiazine (SDZ), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and the corresponding ARGs in the coupled system were compared with composite (BER was powered by direct-current source) and anaerobic systems (both of BER and UCW-MFC were in open circuit mode). The result showed that higher antibiotic removal efficiency (94% for SDZ and 99.1% for CIP) in the coupled system was achieved than the anaerobic system (88.5% for SDZ and 98.2% for CIP). Moreover, electrical stimulation reduced antibiotic selective pressure and horizontal gene transfer potential in BER, and UCW-MFC further reduced ARG abundances by strengthening the electro-adsorption of ARG hosts determined by Network analysis. Bacterial community diversity continuously decreased in BER while it increased in UCW-MFC, indicating that BER mitigated the toxicity of antibiotic. Degree of modularity, some functional bacteria (antibiotic degrading bacteria, fermentative bacteria and EAB), and P450 enzyme related to antibiotic and xenobiotics biodegradation genes were enriched in electric field existing UCW-MFC, accounting for the higher degradation efficiency. In conclusion, this study provided an effective strategy for removing antibiotics and ARGs in wastewater by operating a BER-UCW-MFC coupled system.202337437616
7917110.8941Mechanisms of metabolic performance enhancement and ARGs attenuation during nZVI-assisted anaerobic chloramphenicol wastewater treatment. Anaerobic wastewater treatment is a promising technology for refractory pollutant treatment. The nano zero-valent iron (nZVI) assisted anaerobic system could enhance contaminant removal. In this work, we added nZVI into an anaerobic system to investigate the effects on system performances and metabolic mechanism for chloramphenicol (CAP) wastewater treatment. As nZVI concentrations increased from 0 to 1 g/L, the CAP removal efficiency was appreciably improved from 46.5% to 99.2%, while the CH(4) production enhanced more than 20 times. The enhanced CAP removal resulted from the enrichments of dechlorination-related bacteria (Hyphomicrobium) and other functional bacteria (e.g., Zoogloea, Syntrophorhabdus) associated with refractory contaminants degradation. The improved CH(4) production was ascribed to the increases in fermentative-related bacteria (Smithella and Acetobacteroides), homoacetogen (Treponema), and methanogens. The increased abundances of anaerobic functional genes further verified the mechanism of CH(4) production. Furthermore, the abundances of potential hosts of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were reduced under high nZVI concentration (1 g/L), contributing to ARGs attenuation. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the mechanism in metabolic performance enhancement and ARGs attenuation during nZVI-assisted anaerobic CAP wastewater treatment.202134323729
7880120.8941The synergistic mechanism of β-lactam antibiotic removal between ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms and heterotrophs. Nitrifying system is an effective strategy to remove numerous antibiotics, however, the contribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and heterotrophs for antibiotic removal are still unclear. In this study, the mechanism of β-lactam antibiotic (cefalexin, CFX) removal was studied in a nitrifying sludge system. Results showed that CFX was synergistically removed by AOB (Nitrosomonas, played a major role) and AOA (Candidatus_Nitrososphaera) through ammonia monooxygenase-mediated co-metabolism, and by heterotrophs (Pseudofulvimonas, Hydrogenophaga, RB41, Thauera, UTCFX1, Plasticicumulans, Phaeodactylibacter) through antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)-encoded β-lactamases-mediated hydrolysis. Regardless of increased archaeal and heterotrophic CFX removal with the upregulation of amoA in AOA and ARGs, the system exhibited poorer CFX removal performance at 10 mg/L, mainly due to the inhibition of AOB. This study provides new reference for the important roles of heterotrophs and ARGs, opening the possibilities for the application of ARGs in antibiotic biodegradation.202336174754
8054130.8940Effects of nanoscale zero-valent iron on the performance and the fate of antibiotic resistance genes during thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste. The effects of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) on the performance of food waste anaerobic digestion and the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated in thermophilic (TR) and mesophilic (MR) reactors. Results showed that nZVI enhanced biogas production and facilitated ARGs reduction. The maximum CH(4) production was 212.00 ± 4.77 ml/gVS with 5 g/L of nZVI in MR. The highest ARGs removal ratio was 86.64 ± 0.72% obtained in TR at nZVI of 2 g/L. nZVI corrosion products and their contribution on AD performance were analyzed. The abundance of tetracycline genes reduced significantly in nZVI amended digesters. Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria and Spirochaetes showed significant positive correlations with various ARGs (p < 0.05) in MR and TR. Redundancy analysis indicated that microbial community was the main factor that influenced the fate of ARGs. nZVI changed microbial communities, with decreasing the abundance bacteria belonging to Firmicutes and resulting in the reduction of ARGs.201931505392
7923140.8939Effect of ultrasonic and ozone pretreatment on the fate of enteric indicator bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes, and anaerobic digestion of dairy wastewater. In this study, the effect of ultrasound (US), ozone and US combined with ozone (US/ozone) pretreatments on the fate of enteric indicator bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and anaerobic digestion (AD) of dairy wastewater was investigated. The pretreatment conditions included US power 200 W, ozone concentration 4.2 mg O(3)/L, and pretreatment time 0-30 min. The results showed that US/ozone pretreatment was effective in the inactivation of enteric indicator bacteria. Total coliforms and enterococci were reduced by 99% and 92% after 30 min US/ozone pretreatment. Pretreatments could not decrease ARGs in absolute concentration, but could decrease ARGs in relative abundance. In the subsequent AD process, methane production increased more than 10% with 20 min ozone or 20 min US/ozone pretreatments. Pretreatment-AD together obviously inhibited the enrichment of ARGs in relative abundance. This study provided a pretreatment way to enhance methane production and to prevent the enrichment of ARGs.202133186838
7875150.8937Phenacetin enhanced the inorganic nitrogen removal performance of anammox bacteria naturally in-situ enriched system. Among the earliest synthetic antipyretic drugs, phenacetin (PNCT) could be used as the novel partial nitrification (PN) inhibitor to effectively inhibit nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). In practical application, the rapidly starting of PN could provide stable source of nitrite for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process. However, impact of PNCT on anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) and its underlying mechanisms were not clear. In this research, totally 14 times of PNCT aerobic soaking treatment were performed in the AnAOB naturally enrichment system to improve total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency (TINRE). After once of PNCT treatment, TINRE rose from 61.89 % to 79.93 %. After 14 times of PNCT treatment, NOB Nitrospira relative abundance decreased from 9.82 % to 0.71 %, though Candidatus Brocadia relative abundance also declined, it might gradually adjust to PNCT by converting the leading oligotype species. The activity and relative abundances of NOB were reduced by PNCT via decreasing the abundances of genes amoA and nxrB, enzymes NxrA and NxrB. Moreover, Candidatus Jettenia and Ca. Brocadia might be the potential host of qacH-01 and they played the crucial role in the shaping profile of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The explosive propagation or transmission of ARGs might not take place after PNCT treatment.202439566627
8113160.8936Fate of antibiotic resistance genes in mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) sludge. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT) sludge and non-CEPT (conventional sedimentation) sludge were comparatively operated under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The highest methane yield (692.46±0.46mL CH(4)/g VS(removed) in CEPT sludge) was observed in mesophilic AD of CEPT sludge. Meanwhile, thermophilic conditions were more favorable for the removal of total antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, no measurable difference in the fates and removal of ARGs and class 1 integrin-integrase gene (intI1) was observed between treated non-CEPT and CEPT sludge. However, redundancy analysis indicated that shifts in bacterial community were primarily accountable for the variations in ARGs and intI1. Network analysis further revealed potential host bacteria for ARGs and intI1.201728797965
8056170.8934Antibiotic resistance gene profiles and evolutions in composting regulated by reactive oxygen species generated via nano ZVI loaded on biochar. In this study, nano zero-valent iron loaded on biochar (BC-nZVI) was analyzed for its effects on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in composting. The results showed that BC-nZVI increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the peak values of H(2)O(2) and OH were 22.95 % and 55.30 % higher than those of the control group, respectively. After 65 days, the relative abundances of representative ARGs decreased by 56.12 % in the nZVI group (with BC-nZVI added). An analysis of bacterial communities and networks revealed that Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes were the main hosts for ARGs, and BC-nZVI weakened the link between ARGs and host bacteria. Distance-based redundancy analysis showed that BC-nZVI altered the microbial community structure through environmental factors and that most ARGs were negatively correlated with ROS, suggesting that ROS significantly affected the relative abundance of ARGs. According to these results, BC-nZVI showed potential for decreasing the relative abundance of ARGs in composting.202337611721
8119180.8934Biochar-amended composting of lincomycin fermentation dregs promoted microbial metabolism and reduced antibiotic resistance genes. Improper disposal of antibiotic fermentation dregs poses a risk of releasing antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria to the environment. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of biochar addition to lincomycin fermentation dregs (LFDs) composting. Biochar increased compost temperature and enhanced organic matter decomposition and residual antibiotics removal. Moreover, a 1.5- to 17.0-fold reduction in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was observed. Adding biochar also reduced the abundances of persistent ARGs hosts (e.g., Streptomyces, Pseudomonas) and ARG-related metabolic pathways and genes (e.g., ATP-binding cassette type-2 transport, signal transduction and multidrug efflux pump genes). By contrast, compost decomposition improved due to enhanced metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids. Overall, adding biochar into LFDs compost reduced the proliferation of ARGs and enhanced microbial community metabolism. These results demonstrate that adding biochar to LFDs compost is a simple and efficient way to decrease risks associated with LFDs composting.202336334868
7874190.8934Phenacetin promoted the rapid start-up and stable maintenance of partial nitrification: Responses of nitrifiers and antibiotic resistance genes. Phenacetin (PNCT) belongs to one of the earliest synthetic antipyretics. However, impact of PNCT on nitrifying microorganisms in wastewater treatment plants and its potential microbial mechanism was still unclear. In this study, PN could be initiated within six days by PNCT anaerobic soaking treatment (8 mg/L). In order to improve the stable performance of PN, 21 times of PNCT aerobic soaking treatment every three days was conducted and PN was stabilized for 191 days. After PN was damaged, ten times of PNCT aerobic soaking treatment every three days was conducted and PN was recovered after once soaking, maintained over 88 days. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria might change the dominant oligotype to gradually adjust to PNCT, and the increase of abundance and activity of Nitrosomonas promoted the initiation of PN. For nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), the increase of Candidatus Nitrotoga and Nitrospira destroyed PN, but PN could be recovered after once aerobic soaking illustrating NOB was not resistant to PNCT. KEGG and COG analysis suggested PNCT might disrupt rTCA cycle of Nitrospira, resulting in the decrease of relative abundance of Nitrospira. Moreover, PNCT did not lead to the sharp increase of absolute abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and the risk of ARGs transmission was negligible.202438744392