# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 3756 | 0 | 0.9867 | Ecological antibiotic policy. Development of resistance to antibiotics is a major problem worldwide. The normal oropharyngeal flora, the intestinal flora and the skin flora play important roles in this development. Within a few days after the onset of antibiotic therapy, resistant Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus epidermidis can be detected in the normal flora of volunteers or patients. Horizontal spread of the resistance genes to other species, e.g. Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, occurs by conjugation or transformation. An ecologically sound antibiotic policy favours the use of antibiotics with little or no impact on the normal flora. Prodrug antibiotics which are not active against the bacteria in the mouth and the intestine (before absorption) and which are not excreted to a significant degree via the intestine, saliva or skin are therefore preferred. Prodrugs such as pivampicillin, bacampicillin, pivmecillinam and cefuroxime axetil are favourable from an ecological point of view. Experience from Scandinavia supports this, since resistance to mecillinam after 20 years of use is low (about 5%) and stable. | 2000 | 11051626 |
| 3755 | 1 | 0.9867 | Ecological antibiotic policy. Development of resistance to antibiotics is a major problem worldwide. The normal oropharyngeal flora, the intestinal flora and the skin flora play important roles in this development. Within a few days after the onset of antibiotic therapy, resistant Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus epidermidis can be detected in the normal flora of volunteers or patients. Horizontal spread of the resistance genes to other species, e.g. SALMONELLA: spp., Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, occurs by conjugation or transformation. An ecologically sound antibiotic policy favours the use of antibiotics with little or no impact on the normal flora. Prodrug antibiotics which are not active against the bacteria in the mouth and the intestine (before absorption) and which are not excreted to a significant degree via the intestine, saliva or skin are therefore preferred. Prodrugs such as pivampicillin, bacampicillin, pivmecillinam and cefuroxime axetil are favourable from an ecological point of view. Experience from Scandinavia supports this, since resistance to mecillinam after 20 years of use is low (about 5%) and stable. | 2000 | 10969054 |
| 4104 | 2 | 0.9866 | Human intestinal bacteria as reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes. Human intestinal bacteria have many roles in human health, most of which are beneficial or neutral for the host. In this review, we explore a more sinister side of intestinal bacteria; their role as traffickers in antibiotic resistance genes. Evidence is accumulating to support the hypothesis that intestinal bacteria not only exchange resistance genes among themselves but might also interact with bacteria that are passing through the colon, causing these bacteria to acquire and transmit antibiotic resistance genes. | 2004 | 15337162 |
| 9478 | 3 | 0.9862 | General principles of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Given the impact of antibiotic resistance on human health, its study is of great interest from a clinical view- point. In addition, antibiotic resistance is one of the few examples of evolution that can be studied in real time. Knowing the general principles involved in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance is therefore of interest to clinicians, evolutionary biologists and ecologists. The origin of antibiotic resistance genes now possessed by human pathogens can be traced back to environmental microorganisms. Consequently, a full understanding of the evolution of antibiotic resistance requires the study of natural environments as well as clinical ecosystems. Updated information on the evolutionary mechanisms behind resistance, indicates that ecological connectivity, founder effect and fitness costs are important bottle- necks that modulate the transfer of resistance from environmental microorganisms to pathogens. | 2014 | 24847651 |
| 6722 | 4 | 0.9862 | Studies on the bacterial permeability of non-woven fabrics and cotton fabrics. The permeability of cotton and non-woven fabrics to bacteria, air and water was studied. Non-woven fabrics, even when wet, showed low resistance to air, and high resistance to permeation of water and bacteria. Water-repellent cotton fabrics were resistant to permeation of water, air and bacteria, but these properties decreased on washing. Non-water-repellent cotton fabrics were poor bacterial barriers even when new. | 1986 | 2873172 |
| 9643 | 5 | 0.9861 | Introducing the sporobiota and sporobiome. Unrelated spore-forming bacteria share unique characteristics stemming from the presence of highly resistant endospores, leading to similar challenges in health and disease. These characteristics are related to the presence of these highly transmissible spores, which are commonly spread within the environment and are implicated in host-to-host transmission. In humans, spore-forming bacteria contribute to a variety of pathological processes that share similar characteristics, including persistence, chronicity, relapses and the maintenance of the resistome. We first outline the necessity of characterizing the totality of the spore-forming bacteria as the sporobiota based on their unique common characteristics. We further propose that the collection of all genes of spore-forming bacteria be known as the sporobiome. Such differentiation is critical for exploring the cross-talk between the sporobiota and other members of the gut microbiota, and will allow for a better understanding of the implications of the sporobiota and sporobiome in a variety of pathologies and the spread of antibiotic resistance. | 2017 | 28680484 |
| 105 | 6 | 0.9860 | Resistance of the cholera vaccine candidate IEM108 against CTXPhi infection. The cholera toxin (CT) genes ctxAB are carried on a lysogenic phage of Vibrio cholerae, CTXPhi, which can transfer ctxAB between toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of bacteria. This transfer may pose a problem when live oral cholera vaccine is given to people in epidemic areas, because the toxin genes can be reacquired by the vaccine strains. To address this problem, we have constructed a live vaccine candidate, IEM108, which carries an El Tor-derived rstR gene. This gene encodes a repressor and can render bacterial resistance to CTXPhi infection. In this study, we evaluated the resistance of IEM108 against CTXPhi infection by using a CTXPhi marked for chloramphenicol (CAF) resistance and an in vivo model. We found that the cloned rstR gene rendered IEM108 immune to infection with the marked CTXPhi. In addition, the infection rate of IEM108 was even lower than that of the native CTXPhi-positive strain. These results suggest that the vaccine candidate IEM108 is resistant to infection by CTXPhi. | 2006 | 16343705 |
| 9195 | 7 | 0.9860 | Complement-resistance mechanisms of bacteria. Despite more than a century of parallel research on bacteria and the complement system, relatively little is known of the mechanisms whereby pathogenic bacteria can escape complement-related opsonophagocytosis and direct killing. It is likely that pathogenicity in bacteria has arisen more accidentally than in viruses, and on the basis of selection from natural mutants rather than by outright stealing or copying of genetic codes from the host. In this review we will discuss complement resistance as one of the features that makes a bacterium a pathogen. | 1999 | 10816084 |
| 9110 | 8 | 0.9860 | Bacterial resistance to antibiotics: the role of biofilms. Bacteria adhere to natural and synthetic, medically important surfaces within an extracellular polymer generically termed the glycocalyx. This quasi-structure is a biofilm. The enhanced antibiotic resistance of biofilm bacteria, relative to floating (planktonic) bacteria, encourages the establishment of chronic bacterial infections. Resistance mechanisms include the hinderance of antibiotic diffusion by the glycocalyx, the physiology of the bacteria and the environment conditions of the niche in which the biofilm resides. | 1991 | 1763187 |
| 9369 | 9 | 0.9859 | Microfluidic Ecology Unravels the Genetic and Ecological Drivers of T4r Bacteriophage Resistance in E. coli: Insights into Biofilm-Mediated Evolution. We use a microfluidic ecology which generates non-uniform phage concentration gradients and micro-ecological niches to reveal the importance of time, spatial population structure and collective population dynamics in the de novo evolution of T4r bacteriophage resistant motile E. coli. An insensitive bacterial population against T4r phage occurs within 20 hours in small interconnected population niches created by a gradient of phage virions, driven by evolution in transient biofilm patches. Sequencing of the resistant bacteria reveals mutations at the receptor site of bacteriophage T4r as expected but also in genes associated with biofilm formation and surface adhesion, supporting the hypothesis that evolution within transient biofilms drives de novo phage resistance. | 2024 | 38826273 |
| 6654 | 10 | 0.9859 | Natural recreational waters and the risk that exposure to antibiotic resistant bacteria poses to human health. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is widely recognised as a considerable threat to human health, wellbeing and prosperity. Many clinically important antibiotic resistance genes are understood to have originated in the natural environment. However, the complex interactions between humans, animals and the environment makes the health implications of environmental AMR difficult to quantify. This narrative review focuses on the current state of knowledge regarding antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in natural bathing waters and implications for human health. It considers the latest research focusing on the transmission of ARB from bathing waters to humans. The limitations of existing evidence are discussed, as well as research priorities. The authors are of the opinion that future studies should include faecally contaminated bathing waters and people exposed to these environments to accurately parameterise environment-to-human transmission. | 2022 | 34739925 |
| 9424 | 11 | 0.9859 | The role of bacteria as a local defence mechanism in the ear, nose and throat. The mucosae of the oro-nasopharynx in man are asymptomatically colonised by a commensal flora. This commensal flora consists largely of non-pathogenic bacteria but potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis can also be part of it. The commensal flora can be affected by host factors such as age or antibiotic usage but will in itself also affect its host. In addition to being a source of resistance genes it will also protect the host against exogenous, non-commensal pathogens. This protective effect is the result of three characteristics of the commensal flora. The commensal flora will hinder the establishment of new pathogens on the mucosa (termed colonisation resistance), it will especifically stimulate the immune system and it will induce formation of protective antibodies. | 2000 | 11082758 |
| 4105 | 12 | 0.9858 | One Earth: The Equilibrium between the Human and the Bacterial Worlds. Misuse and abuse of antibiotics on humans, cattle, and crops have led to the selection of multi-resistant pathogenic bacteria, the most feared 'superbugs'. Infections caused by superbugs are progressively difficult to treat, with a subsequent increase in lethality: the toll on human lives is predicted to reach 10 million by 2050. Here we review three concepts linked to the growing resistance to antibiotics, namely (i) the Resistome, which refers to the collection of bacterial genes that confer resistance to antibiotics, (ii) the Mobilome, which includes all the mobile genetic elements that participate in the spreading of antibiotic resistance among bacteria by horizontal gene transfer processes, and (iii) the Nichome, which refers to the set of genes that are expressed when bacteria try to colonize new niches. We also discuss the strategies that can be used to tackle bacterial infections and propose an entente cordiale with the bacterial world so that instead of war and destruction of the 'fierce enemy' we can achieve a peaceful coexistence (the One Earth concept) between the human and the bacterial worlds. This, in turn, will contribute to microbial biodiversity, which is crucial in a globally changing climate due to anthropogenic activities. | 2023 | 37894729 |
| 4103 | 13 | 0.9858 | Aeromonas: the multifaceted middleman in the One Health world. Aeromonas is at the interface of all the One Health components and represents an amazingly sound test case in the One Health approach, from economic loss in aquaculture tochallenges related to antibiotic-resistant bacteria selected from the environment. In human health, infections following leech therapy is an outstanding example of such One Health challenges. Aeromonads are not only ubiquitous environmental bacteria, able to rapidly colonize and cause opportunistic infections in humans and animals, they are also capable of promoting interactions and gene exchanges between the One Health components. This makes this genus a key amplifier of genetic transfer, especially of antibiotic resistance genes. | 2022 | 34717260 |
| 3962 | 14 | 0.9858 | Acquired antibiotic resistance among wild animals: the case of Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus). The selective pressure generated by the clinical misuse of antibiotics has been the major driving force leading to the emergence of antibiotic resistance among bacteria. Antibiotics or even resistant bacteria are released into the environment and contaminate the surrounding areas. Human and animal populations in contact with these sources are able to become reservoirs of these resistant organisms. Then, due to the convergence between habitats, the contact of wild animals with other animals, humans, or human sources is now more common and this leads to an increase in the exchange of resistance determinants between their microbiota. Indeed, it seems that wildlife populations living in closer proximity to humans have higher levels of antibiotic resistance. Now, the Iberian Lynx (Lynx pardinus) is a part of this issue, being suggested as natural reservoir of acquired resistant bacteria. The emerging public health concern regarding microbial resistance to antibiotics is becoming true: the bacteria are evolving and are now affecting unintentional hosts. | 2014 | 25220796 |
| 4218 | 15 | 0.9857 | Bacteria and Boar Semen Storage: Progress and Challenges. Porcine breeding today is based on artificial insemination with chilled semen. This is stored at 5 °C with antibiotic supplementation to avoid bacteriospermia. There are many negative consequences on sperm quality and functionality as a result of bacterial contamination, as well as on the health of the sow. Nowadays, various techniques are being developed to reduce the indiscriminate use of antibiotics and thus avoid the generation of antibiotic resistance genes. This review aims to inform about the bacterial contamination consequences of storing liquid semen from boar and to provide an update on current methods and alternatives to antibiotic use in cold storage. | 2022 | 36551453 |
| 8622 | 16 | 0.9857 | Antipsychotic quetiapine alters the mouse fecal resistome by impacting antibiotic efflux, cell membrane, and cell wall synthesis genes. This study significantly contributes to our understanding of how certain medications can unintentionally contribute to a major global health issue, i.e., antibiotic resistance. Quetiapine, a widely used antipsychotic medication, was found to increase key resistance mechanisms of gut bacteria to antibiotics in mice. Specifically, these data suggest that quetiapine may target elements of the bacterial cell membrane. If similar effects are found in humans, this medicine could unexpectedly make it harder to treat certain infections. This research emphasizes the importance of being mindful about not just antibiotics themselves, but also about other medications that could inadvertently contribute to this problem. Ultimately, these findings underline the necessity for more in-depth research on the broader impact of pharmaceuticals. | 2024 | 38099619 |
| 9315 | 17 | 0.9857 | Abortive transduction of resistance factor by bacteriophage P22 in Salmonella typhimurium. When R factor 222 is transduced by bacteriophage P22 in Salmonella typhimurium, most recipient bacteria which adsorb transducing particles do not give rise to transductant clones (i.e., transduction is abortive); however the transduced drug-resistance genes can be rescued by recombination with the resistance-transfer factor or R factor carried by the recipient. | 1970 | 4911551 |
| 9525 | 18 | 0.9857 | Is there a serious risk of resistance development to azoles among fungi due to the widespread use and long-term application of azole antifungals in medicine? It is well known that development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is not a matter of if but of when. Recently, azoles have been recommended for long-term prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections; hence, it could be argued that fungi also will become resistant to these agents. However, fungi are different from bacteria in several critical points. Bacteria display several resistance mechanisms: alteration of the target, limited access to the target and modification/inactivation of the antibacterial compound. In fungi some mechanisms of resistance to azoles are also known; with azoles for example, alterations of the 14alpha-demethylase target, as well as efflux pumps. It has been observed that these phenotypes develop in yeast populations either due to mutations or to selection processes. However, enzymes which destroy azoles are not found. Furthermore, a horizontal transfer of genes coding resistance traits does not occur in fungi, which means that an explosive expansion of resistances is unlikely to occur, especially in moulds. Indeed, in epidemiologic studies on human and environmental isolates there is convincing evidence that azole resistance is quite uncommon. | 2008 | 18325827 |
| 570 | 19 | 0.9857 | Genetic instability and methylation tolerance in colon cancer. Microsatellite instability was first identified in colon cancer and later shown to be due to mutations in genes responsible for correction of DNA mismatches. Several human mismatch correction genes that are homologous to those of yeast and bacteria have been identified and are mutated in families affected by the hereditary non-polyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC) syndrome. Similar alterations have been also found in some sporadic colorectal cancers. The mismatch repair pathway corrects DNA replication errors and repair-defective colorectal carcinoma cell lines exhibit a generalized mutator phenotype. An additional consequence of mismatch repair defects is cellular resistance, or tolerance, to certain DNA damaging agents. | 1996 | 8967715 |