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354600.9760Mitigation of tetracycline resistance genes in silage through targeted lactic acid bacteria inoculation. The dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in silage ecosystems poses a critical challenge to ecological stability and public health security. This investigation focuses on tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs), the most prevalent subtype of ARGs in silage, employing a targeted selection strategy for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants. From 226 isolated LAB strains, four candidates (LP1-3: Lactiplantibacillus plantarum; LC1: Lacticaseibacillus paracasei) demonstrating superior growth kinetics (OD(600) > 1.6 within 24 h) and rapid acidification capacity (pH < 3.9 within 24 h) were selected. Strains LP3 and LC1 exhibited minimal intrinsic TRGs content. These four strains reduced (p < 0.001) pH, ammonia-N concentration, and coliform bacterial counts of stylo silage. Metagenomic analysis revealed that strains LP1-3 promoted Lactiplantibacillus dominance (0.709-0.975 vs. 0.379-0.509 in the control), while LC1 enhanced Lacticaseibacillus abundance (0.449-0.612 vs. 0.002-0.013 in the control). Ensiling process downregulated 367 and upregulated 227 ARGs. Inoculation with the four LAB strains further enhanced the suppression of ARGs. Among the top 30 TRGs, 22 were reduced by strains LP1-3 and 20 by LC1. Quantitative PCR results showed that strains LP1-3 decreased (p < 0.05) the contents of tetA and tetG during 30 days fermentation. Among the TRGs increased, tetA(60), tetB(58), tet(T) were positively correlated with Lactiplantibacillus spp., tetA(58), tetB(60), tetA(46), tetB(46), tet(43) were significantly correlated with Lacticaseibacillus spp. (R > 0.4, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the fermentation process induced substantial ARGs profile modifications, LAB-mediated microbiome engineering enables TRGs suppression, providing a scientific foundation for precision silage management strategies targeting antimicrobial resistance mitigation.202541038354
812610.9758Antiallergic drugs drive the alteration of microbial community and antibiotic resistome in surface waters: A metagenomic perspective. Antiallergic drugs (AADs) are emerging contaminants of global concern due to their environmental persistence and potential ecological impacts. This study investigated the effects of seven AADs (chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, cetirizine, loratadine, desloratadine, sodium cromoglicate and calcium gluconate) at environmentally relevant concentrations on antibiotic resistome and bacterial community structures in water using microcosm experiments and metagenomic sequencing. The results showed that AADs increased the abundance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) by 1.24- to 7.78-fold. Community structure shifts indicated that chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, and cetirizine promoted Actinobacteria (e.g., Aurantimicrobium), while the other four AADs favored Proteobacteria (e.g., Limnohabitans). AADs also significantly altered the relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), with Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria identified as key ARB components and potential hosts of ARGs (e.g., evgS, mtrA, RanA). Host analysis showed ARGs were primarily carried by Actinobacteria (e.g., Aurantimicrobium) under chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine, and cetirizine exposure, but by Proteobacteria (e.g., Limnohabitans) under the other four AADs. Furthermore, AADs facilitated the horizontal transfer of ARGs (e.g., evgS) within microbial communities, contributing to antibiotic resistance dissemination. This study highlights the ecological risks of AADs in promoting antibiotic resistance spread and provides new insights into their impact on microbial communities and resistome dynamics in aquatic environments.202540570627
810520.9755Refluxing mature compost to replace bulking agents: A low-cost solution for suppressing antibiotic resistance genes rebound in sewage sludge composting. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) rebounding during composting cooling phase is a critical bottleneck in composting technology that increased ARGs dissemination and application risk of compost products. In this study, mature compost (MR) was used as a substitute for rice husk (RH) to mitigate the rebound of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) during the cooling phase of sewage sludge composting, and the relationship among ARGs, MGEs, bacterial community and environmental factors was investigated to explore the key factor influencing ARGs rebound. The results showed that aadD, blaCTX-M02, ermF, ermB, tetX and vanHB significantly increased 4.76-32.41 times, and the MGEs rebounded by 38.60% in the cooling phase of RH composting. Conversely, MR reduced aadD, tetM, ermF and ermB concentrations by 59.49-98.58%, and reduced the total abundance of ARGs in the compost product by 49.32% compared to RH, which significantly restrained ARGs rebound. MR promoted secondary high temperature inactivation of potential host bacteria, including Ornithinibacter, Rhizobiales and Caldicoprobacter, which could harbor aadE, blaCTX-M02, and blaVEB. It also reduced the abundance of lignocellulose degrading bacteria of Firmicutes, which were potential hosts of aadD, tetX, ermF and vanHB. Moreover, MR reduced moisture and increased oxidation reduction potential (ORP) that promoted aadE, tetQ, tetW abatement. Furthermore, MR reduced 97.36% of total MGEs including Tn916/1545, IS613, Tp614 and intI3, which alleviated ARGs horizontal transfer. Overall finding proposed mature compost reflux as bulking agent was a simple method to suppress ARGs rebound and horizontal transfer, improve ARGs removal and reduce composting plant cost.202539798649
690530.9753The hot air circulation ventilation composting system removes antibiotic resistance genes through competitive inhibition by core bacteria. Livestock manure is a significant reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Aerobic composting technology can produce mature compost while effectively removing ARGs. In this study, we developed an energy-saving and emission-reducing hot air circulating ventilated composting technology (HACV), which had no adverse effects on the composting process or compost maturity. The HACV composting altered bacterial communities, primarily driven by heterogeneous selection among deterministic factors (65 %). Specifically, it increased the complexity of bacterial networks and promoted the colonization of high-temperature-tolerant bacteria, such as Erysipelothrix, Oceanobacillus and unclassified_f_Bacillaceae. Topological analysis revealed that core bacteria primarily functioned as connectors in composting, serving as important ARGs hosts and facilitating their spread in conventional composting. Among these, a core pathogenic bacterium (Corynebacterium) carried and transmitted ARGs with higher risks. In contrast, although the number of core bacteria (Bacillus, Oceanobacillus, Caldicoprobacter, Saccharomonospora, and Lactobacillus) increased during HACV composting, these bacteria were not potential hosts of the target ARGs. This contributed to the removal of aadE by 80.49 %. Consequently, compared to conventional composting, HACV composting was more effective at controlling risky ARGs, particularly aac(6')-Ib-cr and sul1. Furthermore, the ARGs removal mechanism primarily involved inhibiting horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in HACV composting, attributed to competition between core bacteria and ARGs hosts. In summary, HACV composting effectively promotes ARGs removal and reduces the risk of bacterial resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: In this study, we developed an energy-saving and emission-reducing hot air circulation ventilation composting technology (HACV), which effectively removes antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The HACV system maintained composting efficiency and maturity while driving bacterial community succession through deterministic processes (heterogeneous selection). HACV composting increased the colonization of core bacteria in the microbial network. Acting as connectors, the core bacteria are not hosts of ARGs in the HACV system, inhibiting horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and remove ARGs through competition with host bacteria.202540682888
764340.9753Heterofermentative Lentilactobacillus buchneri and low dry matter reduce high-risk antibiotic resistance genes in corn silage by regulating pathogens and mobile genetic element. The study of antibiotic resistance in the silage microbiome has attracted initial attention. However, the influences of lactic acid bacteria inoculants and dry matter (DM) content on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) reduction in whole-plant corn silage remain poorly studied. This study accessed the ARGs' risk and transmission mechanism in whole-plant corn silage with different DM levels and treated with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum or Lentilactobacillus buchneri. The macrolide and tetracycline were the main ARGs in corn silage. The dominant species (Lent. buchneri and Lactobacillus acetotolerans) were the main ARGs carriers in whole-plant corn silage. The application of Lent. buchneri increased total ARGs abundance regardless of corn DM. Whole-plant corn silage with 30 % DM reduced the abundances of integrase and plasmid compared with 40 % DM. The correlation and structural equation model analysis demonstrated that bacterial community succession, resulting from changes in DM content, was the primary driving factor influencing the ARGs distribution in whole-plant corn silage. Interestingly, whole-plant corn silage inoculated with Lent. buchneri reduced abundances of high-risk ARGs (mdtG, mepA, tetM, mecA, vatE and tetW) by regulating pathogens (Escherichia coli), mobile genetic elements (MGEs) genes (IS3 and IS1182), and this effect was more pronounced at 30 % DM level. In summary, although whole-plant corn silage inoculated with Lent. buchneri increased the total ARGs abundance at both DM levels, it decreased the abundance of high-risk ARGs by reducing the abundances of the pathogens and MGEs, and this effect was more noticeable at 30 % DM level.202439241365
805450.9752Effects of nanoscale zero-valent iron on the performance and the fate of antibiotic resistance genes during thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digestion of food waste. The effects of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) on the performance of food waste anaerobic digestion and the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated in thermophilic (TR) and mesophilic (MR) reactors. Results showed that nZVI enhanced biogas production and facilitated ARGs reduction. The maximum CH(4) production was 212.00 ± 4.77 ml/gVS with 5 g/L of nZVI in MR. The highest ARGs removal ratio was 86.64 ± 0.72% obtained in TR at nZVI of 2 g/L. nZVI corrosion products and their contribution on AD performance were analyzed. The abundance of tetracycline genes reduced significantly in nZVI amended digesters. Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria and Spirochaetes showed significant positive correlations with various ARGs (p < 0.05) in MR and TR. Redundancy analysis indicated that microbial community was the main factor that influenced the fate of ARGs. nZVI changed microbial communities, with decreasing the abundance bacteria belonging to Firmicutes and resulting in the reduction of ARGs.201931505392
810160.9750Enhanced removal of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements during swine manure composting inoculated with mature compost. Livestock manure is a major source of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that enter the environment. This study assessed the effects of inoculation with mature compost (MC) on the fates of ARGs and the bacterial community during swine manure composting. The results showed that MC prolonged the thermophilic period and promoted the decomposition of organic matter, which was due to the rapid growth and reproduction of thermophilic bacteria (Bacillus, Thermobifida, and Thermobacillus). MC significantly reduced the relative abundances of ARGs (1.02 logs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (1.70 logs) after composting, especially sulfanilamide resistance genes. The total ARGs removal rate was 1.11 times higher in MC than the control. Redundancy analysis and structural equation modeling showed that horizontal gene transfer mediated by MGEs (ISCR1 and intI1) was the main direct factor related to the changes in ARGs during composting, whereas the C/N ratio and pH were the two most important indirect factors. Network analysis showed that members of Firmicutes comprising Romboutsia, Clostridisensu_stricto_1, and Terrisporobacter were the main bacterial hosts of ARGs and MGEs. MC reduced the risk of ARGs transmission by decreasing the abundances of bacterial hosts. Thus, MC is a promising strategy for reducing the proliferation risk of ARGs.202133858100
801770.9748Dose-Dependent Effect of Tilmicosin Residues on ermA Rebound Mediated by IntI1 in Pig Manure Compost. The impact of varying antibiotic residue levels on antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) removal during composting is still unclear. This study investigated the impact of different residue levels of tilmicosin (TIM), a common veterinary macrolide antibiotic, on ARG removal during pig manure composting. Three groups were used: the CK group (no TIM), the L group (246.49 ± 22.83 mg/kg TIM), and the H group (529.99 ± 16.15 mg/kg TIM). Composting removed most targeted macrolide resistance genes (MRGs) like ereA, ermC, and ermF (>90% removal), and reduced ermB, ermX, ermQ, acrA, acrB, and mefA (30-70% removal). However, ermA increased in abundance. TIM altered compost community structure, driving succession through a deterministic process. At low doses, TIM reduced MRG-bacteria co-occurrence, with horizontal gene transfer via intI1 being the main cause of ermA rebound. In conclusion, composting reduces many MRG levels in pig manure, but the persistence and rebound of genes like ermA reveal the complex interactions between composting conditions and microbial gene transfer.202541011454
811580.9747Effects of reductive soil disinfestation on potential pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in soil. Reductive soil disinfestation (RSD) is commonly employed for soil remediation in greenhouse cultivation. However, its influence on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil remains uncertain. This study investigated the dynamic changes in soil communities, potential bacterial pathogens, and ARG profiles under various organic material treatments during RSD, including distillers' grains, potato peel, peanut vine, and peanut vine combined with charcoal. Results revealed that applying diverse organic materials in RSD significantly altered bacterial community composition and diminished the relative abundance of potential bacterial pathogens (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of high-risk ARGs decreased by 10.7%-30.6% after RSD treatments, the main decreased ARG subtypes were AAC(3)_Via, dfrA1, ErmB, lnuB, aadA. Actinobacteria was the primary host of ARGs and was suppressed by RSD. Soil physicochemical properties, such as total nitrogen, soil pH, total carbon, were crucial factors affecting ARG profiles. Our findings demonstrated that RSD treatment inhibited pathogenic bacteria and could be an option for reducing high-risk ARG proliferation in soil.202539306413
601790.9746Selection of lactic acid bacteria to promote an efficient silage fermentation capable of inhibiting the activity of Aspergillus parasiticus and Fusarium gramineraum and mycotoxin production. AIMS: To select lactic acid bacteria with potential silage inoculant properties. The bio-control activity against mycotoxicogenic fungi and the presence of antibiotics resistance gene were also evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007 and Lactobacillus plantarum RC009 were selected on the basis of growth rate and efficacy in reducing the pH of maize extract medium; therefore, they were evaluated for their bio-control ability against Fusarium graminearum and Aspergillus parasiticus. Studies on lag phase, growth rate and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEA) production were carried out in vitro under different regimes of aw (0·95 and 0·99); pH (4 and 6); temperature (25 and 37°C); and oxygen availability (normal and reduced). Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007 was able to completely inhibit the F. graminearum growth at all assayed conditions, while Lact. plantarum RC009 only did it at pH 4. Both Lactobacillus strains were able to significantly reduce the A. parasiticus growth rate mainly at 0·99 aw . A decrease in ZEA production was observed as result of Lactobacillus strains -F. graminearum interaction; however, the A. parasiticus- Lact. plantarum interaction resulted in an increased AFB1 production. Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007 proved to have no genes for resistance to the tested antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of Lact. rhamnosus RC007 to rapidly drop the pH and to inhibit fungal growth and mycotoxin production and the absence of antibiotic resistance genes shows the potential of its application as inoculant and bio-control agent in animal feed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study demonstrated the importance of selecting bacteria for silage inoculants not only for the improvement of silage fermentation but also for their effects on mycotoxicogenic fungi and the resulting mycotoxin production due to the risk that they may involve.201323437822
8110100.9746Removal of chlortetracycline and antibiotic resistance genes in soil by earthworms (epigeic Eisenia fetida and endogeic Metaphire guillelmi). The impacts of two ecological earthworms on the removal of chlortetracycline (CTC, 0.5 and 15 mg kg(-1)) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil were explored through the soil column experiments. The findings showed that earthworm could significantly accelerate the degradation of CTC and its metabolites (ECTC) in soil (P < 0.05), with epigeic Eisenia fetida promoting degradation rapidly and endogeic Metaphire guillelmi exhibiting a slightly better elimination effect. Earthworms alleviated the abundances of tetR, tetD, tetPB, tetG, tetA, sul1, TnpA, ttgB and intI1 in soil, with the total relative abundances of ARGs decreasing by 35.0-44.2% in earthworm treatments at the 28th day of cultivation. High throughput sequencing results displayed that the structure of soil bacteria community was modified apparently with earthworm added, and some possible CTC degraders, Aeromonas, Flavobacterium and Luteolibacter, were promoted by two kinds of earthworms. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that the reduction of CTC residues, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes owing to earthworm stimulation was responsible for the removal of ARGs and intI1 in soil. Additionally, intI1 declined obviously in earthworm treatments, which could weaken the risk of horizontal transmission of ARGs. Therefore, earthworm could restore the CTC-contaminated soil via enhancing the removal of CTC, its metabolites and ARGs.202133798888
8119110.9745Biochar-amended composting of lincomycin fermentation dregs promoted microbial metabolism and reduced antibiotic resistance genes. Improper disposal of antibiotic fermentation dregs poses a risk of releasing antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria to the environment. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of biochar addition to lincomycin fermentation dregs (LFDs) composting. Biochar increased compost temperature and enhanced organic matter decomposition and residual antibiotics removal. Moreover, a 1.5- to 17.0-fold reduction in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was observed. Adding biochar also reduced the abundances of persistent ARGs hosts (e.g., Streptomyces, Pseudomonas) and ARG-related metabolic pathways and genes (e.g., ATP-binding cassette type-2 transport, signal transduction and multidrug efflux pump genes). By contrast, compost decomposition improved due to enhanced metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids. Overall, adding biochar into LFDs compost reduced the proliferation of ARGs and enhanced microbial community metabolism. These results demonstrate that adding biochar to LFDs compost is a simple and efficient way to decrease risks associated with LFDs composting.202336334868
6921120.9745Impacts of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on the Bacterial Communities, Sulfonamides and Sulfonamide Resistance Genes in Paddy Soil Under Rice-Wheat Rotation. The responses of sulfonamides, sulfonamide-resistance genes (sul) and soil bacterial communities to different fertilization regimes were investigated by performing a field experiment using paddy soil with no fertilizer applied, chemical fertilizer applied, organic fertilizer applied, and combination of chemical and organic fertilizer applied. Applying organic fertilizer increased the bacterial community diversity and affected the bacterial community composition. Eutrophic bacteria (Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes, and Proteobacteria) were significantly enriched by applying organic fertilizer. It was also found organic fertilizer application increased sulfamethazine content and the relative abundances of sul1 and sul2 in the soil. In contrast, applying chemical fertilizer significantly increased the abundance of Nitrospirae, Parcubacteria, and Verrucomicrobia and caused no obvious changes on sul. Correlation analysis indicated that sul enrichment was associated with the increases in sulfamethazine content and potential hosts (e.g., Novosphingobium and Rhodoplanes) population. The potential ecological risks of antibiotics in paddy soil with organic fertilizer applied cannot be ignored.202236547725
8020130.9745Influence of zeolite and superphosphate as additives on antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities during factory-scale chicken manure composting. Factory-scale chicken manure composting added with zeolite (F), superphosphate (G), or zeolite and ferrous sulfate (FL) simultaneously, were evaluate for their effects on the behaviors of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and bacterial communities. After composting, ARGs in manure decreased by 67.3% in the control, whereas the reductions were 86.5%, 68.6% and 72.2% in F, G and FL, respectively. ARGs encoding ribosomal protection proteins (tetO, tetB(P), and tetM) were reduced to a greater extent than tetG, tetL, sul1 and sul2. Bacteria pathogens were also effectively removed by composting. Network analysis showed that Firmicutes were the important potential host bacteria for ARGs. The bacterial communities and environmental factors, as well as the intI gene, contributed significantly to the variation of ARGs. The ARGs and integrons were reduced more when zeolite was added than when superphosphate was added; thus, it may be useful for reducing the risks of ARGs in chicken manure.201829772500
7943140.9745Effects of microplastics on dissipation of oxytetracycline and its relevant resistance genes in soil without and with Serratia marcescens: Comparison between biodegradable and conventional microplastics. The biodegradable (polybutylene adipate terephthalate: PBAT) and conventional (polyethylene: PE) microplastics (MPs) at 0.5 %, 1 %, and 2 % dosages (w/w) were added into soils with and without Serratia marcescens ZY01 (ZY01, a tet-host strain) to understand their different effects on the dissipation of oxytetracycline (OTC) and tet. The results showed that the dosages of PBAT MP exhibited different inhibition degrees of OTC biodegradation in soils regardless of ZY01, while the dosages of PE MP did not change the enhancement degree of OTC biodegradation in soils without ZY01. These differences were due to the higher adsorption capacity of OTC on PBAT MP and the stronger toxicity of PBAT MP to microorganisms. Besides soil organic matter, pH and total phosphorus were important factors regulating specific tet-host bacteria in soils with MPs (e.g., the nitrogen-cycling bacteria Steroidobacter and Nitrospira) and MPs + ZY01 (e.g., the phosphorus-cycling bacteria Saccharimonadales and Haliangium), respectively. Regardless of ZY01, a stronger selective harboring of tet-host bacteria in PE MP treatments than PBAT MP treatments was observed at the MP dosage of 1 % (w/w), while the opposite trend was true at the MP dosages of 0.5 % and 2 % (w/w). Some specific genera belonging to Actinobacteriota strongly associated with the class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1), playing a critical role in the horizontal gene transfer of tet in soils especially for the co-existence of MPs and ZY01. This study will be helpful for understanding on how biodegradable and conventional MPs as hotspots affect the environmental behavior of antibiotics and ARGs in soil.202439500253
8021150.9744The profile of antibiotic resistance genes in pig manure composting shaped by composting stage: Mesophilic-thermophilic and cooling-maturation stages. The variation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and influential factors in pig manure composting were investigated by conducting simulated composting tests using four different supplement materials (wheat straw, corn straw, poplar sawdust and spent mushroom). The results show that the relative abundance of total ARGs increased by 0.19-1.61 logs after composting, and tetX, sulI, sulII, dfrA1 and aadA were the major contributors. The variations of ARG profiles and bacterial communities throughout the composting were clearly divided into mesophilic-thermophilic and cooling-maturation stages in all tests, while different supplement materials did not exert a noticeable influence. Network analysis demonstrated the diversity of bacterial hosts for ARGs, the existence of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria, and the weak correlations between ARGs and physicochemical factors in the composting piles. Of note, integron intI1 and Mycobacterium (a potential pathogen) were positively correlated with eight and four ARGs, respectively, that displayed increased abundance after composting.202032109697
8118160.9744Effects of biocontrol Bacillus and fermentation bacteria additions on the microbial community, functions and antibiotic resistance genes of prickly ash seed oil meal-biochar compost. This study evaluated the effects of biocontrol Bacillus and fermenting bacteria addition on the microbial community, metabolic functions and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of new prickly ash seed oil meal (PSOM)-biochar composting. The results showed that the addition of Bacillus subtilis and fermentation bacteria significantly increased the NH(4)(+)-N, bacterial abundance and fungal diversity of compost while decreasing the relative abundances (RAs) of carbon metabolism genes in mature compost. NH(4)(+)-N was significantly correlated with microbial abundance and diversity, and its increase was closely related to microbial amino acid metabolism. The addition of biocontrol and fermenting bacteria changed the RAs of ARGs, which was caused by changes in the potential hosts Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota and Firmicutes in the compost. Consequently, adding Bacillus and fermenting bacteria into PSOM to make composting was suggested as an effective method to promote nutrient transformation, regulate microbial activity and decrease RAs of tetracycline and vancomycin ARGs.202134339999
8067170.9744Enhanced control of sulfonamide resistance genes and host bacteria during thermophilic aerobic composting of cow manure. Traditional composting has already shown a certain effect in eliminating antibiotic residues, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). It is worth noting that the rebounding of ARGs and the succession of the bacterial community during conventional aerobic composting are still serious threats. Considering the probable risk, improved and adaptable technologies are urgently needed to control antibiotic resistance efficiently. This study monitored how thermophilic aerobic composting affected the ARGs, as well as the bacterial diversity during the composting of cow manure spiked with sulfamethoxazole (SMX) at different concentrations. Results showed that the degradation of SMX was enhanced during thermophilic aerobic composting (control > SMX25 > SMX50 > SMX100) and was no longer detected after 20 days of composting. High temperature or heat significantly stimulated the rebounding of certain genes. After 35 days, the abundance of detected genes (sul2, sulA, dfrA7, and dfrA1) significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in control and antibiotic-spiked treatments, except for sul1. The addition of three concentrations of SMX elicited a sharp effect on bacterial diversity, and microbial structure in SMX25 led to significant differences with others (p < 0.05). The network analysis revealed more rigorous interactions among ARGs and abundant genera, suggesting that the host of ARGs potentially increased at low concentrations of SMX. Especially, genera g_norank_f__Beggiatoaceae, Ruminiclostridium, Caldicoprobacter, g_norank_o_MBA03, Hydrogenispora, and Ruminiclostridium_1 were major potential hosts for sul1. In conclusion, the rebounding of ARGs could be intermitted partially, and more efficient control of antibiotic resistance could be achieved in the thermophilic composting compared to conventional methods.202133582626
6919180.9744Enhanced removal of antibiotic resistance genes during chicken manure composting after combined inoculation of Bacillus subtilis with biochar. This study explored the combined effects of Bacillus subtilis inoculation with biochar on the evolution of bacterial communities, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) during the composting of chicken manure. The results showed that B. subtilis inoculation combined with biochar increased bacterial abundance and diversity as well as prolonged the compost thermophilic period. Promoted organic matter biodegradation and facilitated the organic waste compost humification process, reduced the proliferation of ARGs by altering the bacterial composition. Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota were the main resistant bacteria related to ARGs and MGEs. The decrease in ARGs and MGEs was associated with the reduction in the abundance of related host bacteria. Compost inoculation with B. subtilis and the addition of biochar could promote nutrient transformation, reduce the increase in ARGs and MGEs, and increase the abundance of beneficial soil taxa.202437778803
7743190.9744Integrated meta-omics study on rapid tylosin removal mechanism and dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes during aerobic thermophilic fermentation of tylosin mycelial dregs. For efficient treatment of tylosin mycelial dregs (TMDs), rapid tylosin removal mechanism and dynamics of ARGs during TMDs fermentation were investigated using integrated meta-omics (genomics, metaproteomics and metabolomics) and qPCR approaches. The results showed that over 86% of tylosin was degraded on day 7 regardless of the type of bulking agents. The rapid removal of tylosin was mainly attributed to de-mycarose reaction (GH3) and esterase hydrolysis (C7MYQ7) of Saccharomonospora, and catalase-peroxidase oxidation of Bacillus (A0A077JB13). In addition, the moisture content and mobile genetic elements were vital to control the rebound of ARGs. The removal efficiency of antibiotic resistant bacteria (Streptomyces, Pseudomonas, norank_f__Sphingobacteriaceae, and Paenalcaligenes) and Intl1 (98.8%) in fermentation treatment TC21 with corncob as the bulking agent was significantly higher than that in other three treatments (88.3%). Thus, appropriate bulking agents could constrain the abundance of antibiotic resistant bacteria and Intl1, which is crucial to effectively reduce the resistance.202235307520