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700200.9983Response of soil antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities to fresh cattle manure and organic fertilizer application. Livestock manure use in agriculture contributes to pollutants like antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and resistant bacteria. This practice could potentially facilitate ARGs development in soil ecosystems. Our study aimed to explore ARGs and bacterial communities in cattle manure from Ningxia beef cattle farms with varying breeding periods. We also assessed the impact of different application rates of cattle manure compost, created by mixing manure with different growing periods, on soil's physicochemical and heavy metal properties. High-throughput PCR and sequencing were used to analyze ARGs and bacterial communities. We aimed to understand ARGs dynamics in cattle manure during breeding stages and the impact of different fertilizer application rates on soil bacteria and resistance genes. We found 212 ARGs from cattle manure, spanning tetracycline, aminoglycoside, multidrug, and MLSB categories. Relative ARGs abundance was presented across breeding stages: lactation (C1), breeding (C3), pre-fattening (C4), calving (C2), and late fattening (C5). pH, total nitrogen (TN), electrical conductivity (EC), arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) presence significantly impacted ARGs quantity and microbial community structure in manure. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were the primary factor altering ARGs in manure (65.56%). Heavy metals contributed to 18.60% of ARGs changes. Manure application changed soil ARGs abundance, notably in soils with high application rates, primarily associated with aminoglycoside, multidrug and sulfonamide resistance. Soils with higher manure rates had elevated MGEs, positively correlated with most ARGs, suggesting MGEs' role in ARGs dissemination. Soil microbial community structure was influenced by fertilization, particularly with the highest application rate. Heavy metals (specifically Cd, contributing to 23.12%), microbial community changes (17.42%), and MGEs (17.38%) were the main factors affecting soil antibiotic resistance. Our study establishes a framework for understanding ARGs emergence in manure and treated soils. This informs strategies to mitigate environmental ARGs transmission and guides diverse livestock manure application and management.202339492397
680410.9982Seasonal variations of profiles of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factor genes in household dust from Beijing, China revealed by the metagenomics. Household-related microbiome is closely related with human health. However, the knowledge about profiles of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs) which are carried by microbes inside homes and their temporal dynamics are rather limited. Here we monitored the seasonal changes of bacterial community (especially pathogenic bacteria), ARGs, and VFGs in household dust samples during two years. Based on metagenomic sequencing, the dust-related bacterial pathogenic community, ARGs, and VFGs all harbored the lowest richness in spring among four seasons. Their structure (except that of VFGs) also exhibited remarkable differences among the seasons. The structural variations of ARGs and VFGs were almost explained by mobile genetic elements (MGEs), bacterial pathogens, and particulate matter-related factors, with MGEs explaining the most. Moreover, the total normalized abundance of ARGs or VFGs showed no significant change across the seasons. Results of metagenomic binning and microbial network both showed that several pathogenic taxa (e.g., Ralstonia pickettii) were strongly linked with numerous ARGs (mainly resistant to multidrug) and VFGs (mainly encoding motility) simultaneously. Overall, these findings underline the significance of MGEs in structuring ARGs and VFGs inside homes along with seasonal variations, suggesting that household dust is a neglected reservoir for ARGs and VFGs.202438636860
685720.9982Metagenomic analysis reveals patterns and hosts of antibiotic resistance in different pig farms. In actual production environments, antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) are abundant in pig manure, which can form transmission chains through animals, the environment, and humans, thereby threatening human health. Therefore, based on metagenomic analysis methods, ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were annotated in pig manure samples from 6 pig farms in 3 regions of Shanxi Province, and the potential hosts of ARGs were analyzed. The results showed that a total of 14 ARG types were detected, including 182 ARG subtypes, among which tetracycline, phenol, aminoglycoside, and macrolide resistance genes were the main ones. ARG profiles, MGE composition, and microbial communities were significantly different in different regions as well as between different pig farms. In addition, Anaerobutyricum, Butyrivibrio, and Turicibacter were significantly associated with multiple ARGs, and bacteria such as Prevotella, Bacteroides, and the family Oscillospiraceae carried multiple ARGs, suggesting that these bacteria are potential ARG hosts in pig manure. Procrustes analysis showed that bacterial communities and MGEs were significantly correlated with ARG profiles. Variation partitioning analysis results indicated that the combined effect of MGEs and bacterial communities accounted for 64.08% of resistance variation and played an important role in ARG profiles. These findings contribute to our understanding of the dissemination and persistence of ARGs in actual production settings, and offer some guidance for the prevention and control of ARGs contamination.202336826766
317230.9982Metagenomic and Culturomics Analysis of Microbial Communities within Surface Sediments and the Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in a Pristine River: The Zaqu River in the Lancang River Source Region, China. Microbial communities inhabiting sedimentary environments in river source regions serve as pivotal indicators of pristine river ecosystems. While the correlation between antibiotic resistome and pathogenicity with core gut bacteria in humans is well established, there exists a significant knowledge gap concerning the interaction of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) with specific microbes in river source basins, often referred to as "terrestrial gut". Understanding the microbial composition, including bacteria and resident genetic elements such as ARGs, HPB, Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs), and Virulence Factors (VFs), within natural habitats against the backdrop of global change, is imperative. To address this gap, an enrichment-based culturomics complementary along with metagenomics was conducted in this study to characterize the microbial biobank and provide preliminary ecological insights into profiling the dissemination of ARGs in the Lancang River Source Basin. Based on our findings, in the main stream of the Lancang River Source Basin, 674 strains of bacteria, comprising 540 strains under anaerobic conditions and 124 under aerobic conditions, were successfully isolated. Among these, 98 species were identified as known species, while 4 were potential novel species. Of these 98 species, 30 were HPB relevant to human health. Additionally, bacA and bacitracin emerged as the most abundant ARGs and antibiotics in this river, respectively. Furthermore, the risk assessment of ARGs predominantly indicated the lowest risk rank (Rank Ⅳ) in terms of endangering human health. In summary, enrichment-based culturomics proved effective in isolating rare and unknown bacteria, particularly under anaerobic conditions. The emergence of ARGs showed limited correlation with MGEs, indicating minimal threats to human health within the main stream of the Lancang River Source Basin.202438792738
741340.9982Fecal antibiotic resistance genes were transferred through the distribution of soil-lettuce-snail food chain. Massive antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) were detected in the soil modified by manure, which may affect human life safety through the food chain. However, the transmission of ARGs through the soil-plant-animal food chain is still unclear. Therefore, this study used high-throughput quantitative PCR technology to explore the effects of pig manure application on ARGs and bacterial communities in soil, lettuce phyllosphere, and snail excrement. The results showed that a total of 384 ARGs and 48 MEGs were detected in all samples after 75 days of incubation. The diversity of ARGs and MGEs in soil components increased significantly by 87.04% and 40% with the addition of pig manure. The absolute abundance of ARGs in the phyllosphere of lettuce was significantly higher than that of the control group, with a growth rate of 212.5%. Six common ARGs were detected between the three components of the fertilization group, indicating that there was internal transmission of fecal ARGs between the trophic levels of the food chain. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were identified as the dominant host bacteria in the food chain system, which were more likely to be used as carriers of ARGs to promote the spread of resistance in the food chain. The results were used to assess the potential ecological risks of livestock and poultry manure. It provides theoretical basis and scientific support for the formulation of ARG prevention and control policies.202337434056
679750.9982Supercarriers of antibiotic resistome in a world's large river. BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistome has been found to strongly interact with the core microbiota in the human gut, yet little is known about how antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) correlate with certain microbes in large rivers that are regarded as "terrestrial gut." RESULTS: By creating the integral pattern for ARGs and antibiotic-resistant microbes in water and sediment along a 4300-km continuum of the Yangtze River, we found that human pathogen bacteria (HPB) share 13.4% and 5.9% of the ARG hosts in water and sediment but contribute 64% and 46% to the total number of planktonic and sedimentary ARGs, respectively. Moreover, the planktonic HPB harbored 79 ARG combinations that are dominated by "natural" supercarriers (e.g., Rheinheimera texasensis and Noviherbaspirillum sp. Root189) in river basins. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that terrestrial HPB are the major ARG hosts in the river, rather than conventional supercarriers (e.g., Enterococcus spp. and other fecal indicator bacteria) that prevail in the human gut. The discovery of HPB as natural supercarriers in a world's large river not only interprets the inconsistency between the spatial dissimilarities in ARGs and their hosts, but also highlights the top priority of controlling terrestrial HPB in the future ARG-related risk management of riverine ecosystems globally. Video Abstract.202235897057
741260.9982Effect of composting and storage on the microbiome and resistome of cattle manure from a commercial dairy farm in Poland. Manure from food-producing animals, rich in antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), poses significant environmental and healthcare risks. Despite global efforts, most manure is not adequately processed before use on fields, escalating the spread of antimicrobial resistance. This study examined how different cattle manure treatments, including composting and storage, affect its microbiome and resistome. The changes occurring in the microbiome and resistome of the treated manure samples were compared with those of raw samples by high-throughput qPCR for ARGs tracking and sequencing of the V3-V4 variable region of the 16S rRNA gene to indicate bacterial community composition. We identified 203 ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in raw manure. Post-treatment reduced these to 76 in composted and 51 in stored samples. Notably, beta-lactam, cross-resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (MLSB), and vancomycin resistance genes decreased, while genes linked to MGEs, integrons, and sulfonamide resistance increased after composting. Overall, total resistance gene abundance significantly dropped with both treatments. During composting, the relative abundance of genes was lower midway than at the end. Moreover, higher biodiversity was observed in samples after composting than storage. Our current research shows that both composting and storage effectively reduce ARGs in cattle manure. However, it is challenging to determine which method is superior, as different groups of resistance genes react differently to each treatment, even though a notable overall reduction in ARGs is observed.202438616224
732270.9982Beach sand plastispheres are hotspots for antibiotic resistance genes and potentially pathogenic bacteria even in beaches with good water quality. Massive amounts of microplastics are transported daily from the oceans and rivers onto beaches. The ocean plastisphere is a hotspot and a vector for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and potentially pathogenic bacteria. However, very little is known about the plastisphere in beach sand. Thus, to describe whether the microplastics from beach sand represent a risk to human health, we evaluated the bacteriome and abundance of ARGs on microplastic and sand sampled at the drift line and supralittoral zones of four beaches of poor and good water quality. The bacteriome was evaluated by sequencing of 16S rRNA gene, and the ARGs and bacterial abundances were evaluated by high-throughput real-time PCR. The results revealed that the microplastic harbored a bacterial community that is more abundant and distinct from that of beach sand, as well as a greater abundance of potential human and marine pathogens, especially the microplastics deposited closer to seawater. Microplastics also harbored a greater number and abundance of ARGs. All antibiotic classes evaluated were found in the microplastic samples, but not in the beach sand ones. Additionally, 16 ARGs were found on the microplastic alone, including genes related to multidrug resistance (blaKPC, blaCTX-M, tetM, mdtE and acrB_1), genes that have the potential to rapidly and horizontally spread (blaKPC, blaCTX-M, and tetM), and the gene that confers resistance to antibiotics that are typically regarded as the ultimate line of defense against severe multi-resistant bacterial infections (blaKPC). Lastly, microplastic harbored a similar bacterial community and ARGs regardless of beach water quality. Our findings suggest that the accumulation of microplastics in beach sand worldwide may constitute a potential threat to human health, even in beaches where the water quality is deemed satisfactory. This phenomenon may facilitate the emergence and dissemination of bacteria that are resistant to multiple drugs.202438159625
317680.9982Comprehensive profiling and risk assessment of antibiotic resistance genes in a drinking water watershed by integrated analysis of air-water-soil. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in diverse habitats threatens public health. Watersheds represent critical freshwater ecosystems that interact with both the soil and atmosphere. However, a holistic understanding of ARGs distribution across these environmental media is currently inadequate. We profiled ARGs and bacterial communities in air-water-soil in the same watershed area during four seasons using high-throughput qPCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Our findings demonstrated that aminoglycoside resistance genes (58.5%) were dominant in water, and multidrug resistance genes (55.2% and 54.2%) were dominant in soil and air. Five ARGs and nineteen bacterial genera were consistently detected in all samples, were named as shared genes or bacteria. Co-occurrence Network analysis revealed the co-occurrence module of resistance genes, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and potential bacterial hosts, indicating that shared genes and bacteria may persist and co-spread across different environmental media. The risk assessment framework, based on ARGs' abundance, detection rate, and mobility, identified 33 high-risk ARGs. This is essential to evaluate the health risks of ARGs and to develop strategies to limit the threat of antibiotic resistance. Our study offers new insights into the risks associated with ARGs in the environment and suggests that ARGs may depend on specific bacterial cohabitants that co-exist with MGEs to facilitate their spread across environmental interfaces.202337742410
698890.9981Plant cultivar determined bacterial community and potential risk of antibiotic resistance gene spread in the phyllosphere. The global increased antibiotic resistance level in pathogenic microbes has posed a significant threat to human health. Fresh vegetables have been recognized to be an important vehicle of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from environments to human beings. Phyllosphere ARGs have been indicated to be changed with plant species, yet the influence of plant cultivar on the phyllospheric resistome is still unclear. Here, we detected the ARGs and bacterial communities in the phyllosphere of two cultivars of cilantros and their corresponding soils using high-throughput quantitative PCR technique and bacterial 16S rRNA gene-based high-throughput sequencing, respectively. We further identified the potential bacterial pathogens and analyzed the effects of plant cultivar on ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), microbiome and potential bacterial pathogens. The results showed that the cultivars did not affect the ARG abundance and composition, but significantly shaped the abundance of MGEs and the composition structure of bacteria in the phyllosphere. The relative abundance of potential bacterial pathogens was significantly higher in the phyllosphere than that in soils. Mantel test showed that the ARG patterns were significantly correlated to the patterns of potential bacterial pathogens. Our results suggested that the horizontal gene transfer of ARGs in the phyllosphere might be different between the two cultivars of cilantro and highlighted the higher risk of phyllospheric microorganisms compared with those in soils. These findings extend our knowledge on the vegetable microbiomes, ARGs, and potential pathogens, suggesting more agricultural and hygiene protocols are needed to control the risk of foodborne ARGs.202336522081
6987100.9981Chemical fertilizers promote dissemination of ARGs in maize rhizosphere: An overlooked risk revealed after 37-year traditional agriculture practice. Bacterial communities in soil and rhizosphere maintain a large collection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, few of these ARGs and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) are well-characterized under traditional farming practices. Here we compared the ARG profiles of maize rhizosphere and their bulk soils using metagenomic analysis to identify the ARG dissemination and explored the potential impact of chemical fertilization on ARB. Results showed a relatively lower abundance but higher diversity of ARGs under fertilization than straw-return. Moreover, the abundance and diversity of MGEs were significantly promoted by chemical fertilizer inputs in the rhizosphere compared to bulk soil. Machine learning and bipartite networks identified three bacterial genera (Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Streptomyces) as biomarkers for ARG accumulation. Thus we cultured 509 isolates belonging to these three genera from the rhizosphere and tested their antimicrobial susceptibility, and found that multi-resistance was frequently observed among Pseudomonas isolates. Assembly-based tracking explained that ARGs and four class I integrons (LR134330, LS998783, CP065848, LT883143) were co-occurred among contigs from Pseudomonas sp. Chemical fertilizers may shape the resistomes of maize rhizosphere, highlighting that rhizosphere carried multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas isolates, which may pose a risk to animal and human health. This study adds knowledge of long-term chemical fertilization on ARG dissemination in farmland systems and provides information for decision-making in agricultural production and monitoring.202438844214
3170110.9981A review of antibiotic resistance genes in major river basins in China: Distribution, drivers, and risk. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have complex transmission pathways and are prone to form multi-drug-resistant bacteria, threatening the ecological environment and human health. This paper elucidates the distribution and dissemination of ARGs across seven major river basins in China through a comprehensive analysis of relevant literature from the past decade. It presents a comprehensive catalog of pertinent risk assessment methodologies and potential management strategies aimed at mitigating the threat posed by antibiotic resistance due to ARGs. The analysis results showed that the pollution abundance of ARGs showed a decreasing trend from east to west, with the estuarine environment and economically developed areas standing out, with sulfonamides and tetracyclines, among others, as the main types of pollution. Human activities are closely related to the occurrence and spread of ARGs. Mobile genetic factors and microbial communities act as the main drivers to promote the proliferation of ARGs among different microorganisms through horizontal transfer and other pathways. The exhibition of ARGs assessment methods was comparatively analyzed, while Chinese river basins are at medium-high risk and need to be managed rationally. This review can provide a reference for the distribution, spread and management of ARGs in Chinese river basin.202540010590
7080120.9981Antibiotics, bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes: aerial transport from cattle feed yards via particulate matter. BACKGROUND: Emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance has become a global health threat and is often linked with overuse and misuse of clinical and veterinary chemotherapeutic agents. Modern industrial-scale animal feeding operations rely extensively on veterinary pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics, to augment animal growth. Following excretion, antibiotics are transported through the environment via runoff, leaching, and land application of manure; however, airborne transport from feed yards has not been characterized. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARG), and ruminant-associated microbes are aerially dispersed via particulate matter (PM) derived from large-scale beef cattle feed yards. METHODS: PM was collected downwind and upwind of 10 beef cattle feed yards. After extraction from PM, five veterinary antibiotics were quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, ARG were quantified via targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and microbial community diversity was analyzed via 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. RESULTS: Airborne PM derived from feed yards facilitated dispersal of several veterinary antibiotics, as well as microbial communities containing ARG. Concentrations of several antibiotics in airborne PM immediately downwind of feed yards ranged from 0.5 to 4.6 μg/g of PM. Microbial communities of PM collected downwind of feed yards were enriched with ruminant-associated taxa and were distinct when compared to upwind PM assemblages. Furthermore, genes encoding resistance to tetracycline antibiotics were significantly more abundant in PM collected downwind of feed yards as compared to upwind. CONCLUSIONS: Wind-dispersed PM from feed yards harbors antibiotics, bacteria, and ARGs.201525633846
7172130.9981Airborne bacterial community and antibiotic resistome in the swine farming environment: Metagenomic insights into livestock relevance, pathogen hosts and public risks. Globally extensive use of antibiotics has accelerated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment. As one of the biggest antibiotic consumers, livestock farms are hotspots in AMR prevalence, especially those in the atmosphere can transmit over long distances and pose inhalation risks to the public. Here, we collected total suspended particulates in swine farms and ambient air of an intensive swine farming area. Bacterial communities and antibiotic resistomes were analyzed using amplicon and metagenomic sequencing approaches. AMR risks and inhalation exposure to potential human-pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria (HPARB) were subsequently estimated with comparison to the reported hospital samples. The results show that swine farms shaped the airborne bacterial community by increasing abundances, reducing diversities and shifting compositions. Swine feces contributed 77% of bacteria to swine farm air, and about 35% to ambient air. Airborne antibiotic resistomes in swine farms mainly conferred resistance to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides and lincosamides, and over 48% were originated from swine feces. Distinct to the hospital air, Firmicutes were dominant bacteria in swine farming environments with conditional pathogens including Clostridium, Streptococcus and Aerococcus being major hosts of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Therein, genomes of S. alactolyticus carrying (transposase/recombinase-associated) ARGs and virulence factor genes were retrieved from the metagenomes of all swine feces and swine farm air samples, but they were not detected in any hospital air samples. This suggests the indication of S. alactolyticus in swine farming environments with potential hazards to human health. Swine farm air faced higher AMR risks than hospital air and swine feces. The inhalation intake of HPARB by a swine farm worker was about three orders of magnitude higher than a person who works in the hospital. Consequently, this study depicted atmospheric transmission of bacteria and antibiotic resistomes from swine feces to the environment.202336680804
3229140.9981Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Microbiota in Brassica oleracea var. acephala Cultivated in South Korea: Potential for Resistance Transmission. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a critical global public health challenge. This study investigates the microbiome of Brassica oleracea var. acephala (kale) to evaluate the role of food production systems, particularly plant-derived foods, in AMR dissemination. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metagenomic shotgun sequencing, we analyzed microbial diversity and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in kale samples. Results showed significant regional differences in microbiota composition and ARG distribution, with traditional fertilizer use linked to higher ARG prevalence in coliform bacteria compared to farms using other fertilization methods. Additionally, we confirmed ARG transfer potential by Klebsiella pneumoniae within coliform populations. Storage conditions notably affected microbial dynamics, with higher temperatures promoting K. pneumoniae growth in washed samples. These findings revealed the importance of AMR research in plant-derived foods and highlight the need for improved agricultural practices to mitigate the risks associated with high ARG abundance in coliform bacteria.202539772525
3168150.9981Mangrove Ecosystems as Reservoirs of Antibiotic Resistance Genes: A Narrative Review. Background: Mangrove ecosystems are critical coastal environments providing ecological services and acting as buffers between terrestrial and marine systems. Rising antibiotic use in aquaculture and coastal agriculture has led to the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in these habitats. Aim: This narrative review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the prevalence, diversity, and environmental drivers of ARGs in mangrove ecosystems, highlighting their role as reservoirs and the potential for horizontal gene transfer. Methods: Studies published up to September 2024 were identified through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Inclusion criteria focused on ARGs and ARB in mangrove sediments, water, and associated biota. Data on ARG prevalence, microbial community composition, detection methods, and environmental factors were extracted and narratively synthesized. Results: Seventeen studies from Asia, South America, and Africa were included. ARGs conferring resistance to tetracyclines, sulfonamides, β-lactams, and multidrug resistance were found to be widespread, particularly near aquaculture and urban-influenced areas. Metagenomic analyses revealed diverse resistomes with frequent mobile genetic elements, indicating high potential for horizontal gene transfer. Environmental factors, including sediment type, organic matter, and salinity, influenced ARG abundance and distribution. Conclusions: Mangrove ecosystems act as both reservoirs and natural buffers for ARGs. Sustainable aquaculture practices, continuous environmental monitoring, and integrated One Health approaches are essential to mitigate ARG dissemination in these sensitive coastal habitats.202541148714
7175160.9981Key Contribution and Risk of Airborne Antibiotic Resistance: Total Suspended Particles or Settled Dust? The atmosphere is an important environmental medium in spreading antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal farming systems, yet the exposure risks associated with airborne pathways remain underexplored. This study employed metagenomic sequencing to investigate the airborne transmission of AMR in chicken farms (i.e., chicken feces, total suspended particles (TSP), and dust) and its exposure risks on the gut and nasal cavities of workers, office staff, and nearby villagers. Results revealed that TSP exhibited greater abundance, diversity, and transfer potential of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) compared to dust. The abundance of airborne resistome decreased with distance from the chicken house, and ARGs were estimated to spread up to 9.48 km within 1 h. While the gut resistome of workers and villagers showed limited differences, emerging tet(X) variants and high-risk dfrA remain future concerns. More nasal resistome was attributable to TSP compared to dust. Workers faced significantly higher inhalable exposures to antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and human pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria (HPARB), exceeding those of office staff and villagers by an order of magnitude. We also compiled lists of high-risk and potential-risk airborne ARGs to inform monitoring. These findings highlight the need for regular air disinfection in animal farms and better protective measures for workers.202540434009
6836170.9981Microbiome and antibiotic resistome in household dust from Beijing, China. We spend ever-increasing time indoors along with urbanization; however, the geographical distribution patterns of microbiome and antibiotic resistome, and their driving forces in household environment remains poorly characterized. Here, we surveyed the bacterial and fungal communities, and the resistome in settled dust gathered from 82 homes located across Beijing, China, employing Illumina sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR techniques. There was no clear geographical distribution pattern in dust-related bacterial communities although a slight but significant (P < 0.05) distance-decay relationship occurred in its community similarity; by contrast, a relatively distinct geographical clustering and a stronger distance-decay relationship were observed in fungal communities at the local scale. The cross-domain (bacteria versus fungi) relationships in the microbiome of the dust samples were mostly observed as robust co-occurrence correlations. The bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla, with human skin, soil and plants being potential major sources. The fungal communities largely comprised potential allergens (a median 61% of the fungal sequences), with Alternaria genus within Ascomycota phylum being the most predominant taxa. The profile of dust-related bacterial communities was mainly affected by housing factors related to occupants and houseplants, while that of fungal communities was determined by georeferenced environmental factors, particularly vascular plant diversity. Additionally, a great diversity (1.96 on average for Shannon index) and normalized abundance (2.22 copies per bacterial cell on average) of antibiotic resistance genes were detected across the dust samples, with the dominance of genes resistant to vancomycin and Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B. The resistome profile exhibited no distinct geographical pattern, and was primarily driven by certain bacterial phyla and occupancy-related factors. Overall, we underline the significance of anthropogenic impacts and house location in structuring bacterial and fungal communities inside homes, respectively, and suggest that household dust is an overlooked reservoir for antibiotic resistance.202032248025
6837180.9981Coexistence of antibiotic resistance genes, fecal bacteria, and potential pathogens in anthropogenically impacted water. Microbial indicators are often used to monitor microbial safety of aquatic environments. However, information regarding the correlation between microbial indicators and ecotoxicological factors such as potential pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in anthropogenically impacted waters remains highly limited. Here, we investigated the bacterial community composition, potential pathogens, ARGs diversity, ARG hosts, and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) potential in urban river and wastewater samples from Chaohu Lake Basin using 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing. The composition of the microbial community and potential pathogens differed significantly in wastewater and river water samples, and the total relative abundance of fecal indicator bacteria was positively correlated with the total relative abundance of potential pathogens (p < 0.001 and Pearson's r = 0.758). Network analysis indicated that partial ARG subtypes such as dfrE, sul2, and PmrE were significantly correlated with indicator bacteria (p < 0.05 and Pearson's r > 0.6). Notably, Klebsiella was the indicator bacteria significantly correlated with 4 potential pathogens and 14 ARG subtypes. ARGs coexisting with mobile gene elements were mainly found in Thauera, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, and Acinetobacter. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can be used to conduct preliminary surveys of environmental samples to access potential health risks, thereby facilitating water resources management.202235175529
7174190.9981Metagenomic analysis deciphers airborne pathogens with enhanced antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in composting facilities. The composting process has been shown to effectively reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal manure, but its influence on surrounding airborne AMR remains unknown, particularly with regard to human-pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria (HPARB). In this study, air and paired compost samples were collected from a full-scale composting facility, and the antibiotic resistome, microbiome, and HPARB were systematically analyzed in both two habitats using metagenomic analysis. Current result uncovered the profiles of HPARB in air, showing that significantly more airborne HPARB were assembled than that in compost samples. Airborne pathogens harboredan increased abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs) in comparison with compost-borne HPARB. The core antibiotic resistome represents 18.58% of overall ARG subtypes, contributing to 86.31% of ARG abundance. A higher number of enriched core ARGs (2.16- to 13.36-times higher), including mexF, tetW, and vanS, were observed in air samples compared to compost samples. As an important human pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was prevalent in the air and carried more ARG (6) and VFG (130) subtypes than those in compost. A significantly higher risk score was detected for airborne AMR in the composting facility compared to that in hospital and urban environments. This study revealed the enhanced airborne HPARB through comparative experiments between air and composting habitats. It highlighted the unrecognized AMR risks associated with air in composting site and provided a scientific basis for accurately assessing health outcomes caused by occupational exposure.202540472755