GLASS - Word Related Documents




#
Rank
Similarity
Title + Abs.
Year
PMID
012345
351600.9851Presence of microplastic particles increased abundance of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes in microbial communities from the Oder river water and sediment. High abundance of microplastic particles (MPs) in the water environment could be a factor in spreading of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes (AMR), especially antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The aim of our study was to assess changes in the microbial community developing on microplastic surfaces incubated in water from the Oder River-one of Central Europe's major rivers, flowing through three countries (Czechia, Germany, and Poland)-whose diverse, 20,000-km(2) catchment area (encompassing industrial, agricultural, and urban regions) ensures a relatively high abundance of microbial communities.Samples of water and sediment were taken from river in Wroclaw area. Then the water was poured into disinfected glass liquid containers and pre-drained sediment was added. Control samples of water and sediment were collected on day 0. Then microplastic particles were added (500 mg; ~ 1 mm). Subsequent sampling was performed after incubation on 7(th) and 14(th) day. From each group, samples of sediment and water were collected after the incubation period (n = 5/group), for extraction of microbial DNA and library preparation. Sequencing was performed, using MinION sequencer with 10.4.1 Flow cell. Galaxy Europe platform and R program (v 4.3.3), alpha diversity and PERMANOVA with Benjamini-Hochberg p-value correction for multiple comparisons were used. For identification of biomarker taxa being different between groups, ANCOMBC (Analysis of Compositions of Microbiomes with Bias Correction) was performed. Obtained results shown higher abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as Aeromonas salmonicida Vibrio spp., Escherichia coli or Salmonella after 7 days of incubation in water and sediment. Additionally, after 7 days of incubation numbers of ARGs was higher compared to control group.202540348784
708010.9849Antibiotics, bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes: aerial transport from cattle feed yards via particulate matter. BACKGROUND: Emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance has become a global health threat and is often linked with overuse and misuse of clinical and veterinary chemotherapeutic agents. Modern industrial-scale animal feeding operations rely extensively on veterinary pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics, to augment animal growth. Following excretion, antibiotics are transported through the environment via runoff, leaching, and land application of manure; however, airborne transport from feed yards has not been characterized. OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARG), and ruminant-associated microbes are aerially dispersed via particulate matter (PM) derived from large-scale beef cattle feed yards. METHODS: PM was collected downwind and upwind of 10 beef cattle feed yards. After extraction from PM, five veterinary antibiotics were quantified via high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, ARG were quantified via targeted quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and microbial community diversity was analyzed via 16S rRNA amplification and sequencing. RESULTS: Airborne PM derived from feed yards facilitated dispersal of several veterinary antibiotics, as well as microbial communities containing ARG. Concentrations of several antibiotics in airborne PM immediately downwind of feed yards ranged from 0.5 to 4.6 μg/g of PM. Microbial communities of PM collected downwind of feed yards were enriched with ruminant-associated taxa and were distinct when compared to upwind PM assemblages. Furthermore, genes encoding resistance to tetracycline antibiotics were significantly more abundant in PM collected downwind of feed yards as compared to upwind. CONCLUSIONS: Wind-dispersed PM from feed yards harbors antibiotics, bacteria, and ARGs.201525633846
354320.9848Precipitation influences pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance gene abundance in storm drain outfalls in coastal sub-tropical waters. Stormwater contamination can threaten the health of aquatic ecosystems and human exposed to runoff via nutrient and pathogen influxes. In this study, the concentrations of 11 bacterial pathogens and 47 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were determined by using high-throughput microfluidic qPCR (MFQPCR) in several storm drain outfalls (SDOs) during dry and wet weather in Tampa Bay, Florida, USA. Data generated in this study were also compared with the levels of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and sewage-associated molecular markers (i.e., Bacteroides HF183 and crAssphage markers) in same SDOs collected in a recent study (Ahmed et al., 2018). Concentration of FIB, sewage-associated markers, bacterial pathogens and many ARGs in water samples were relatively high and SDOs may be potentially hotspots for microbial contamination in Tampa Bay. Mean concentrations of culturable E. coli and Enterococcus spp. were tenfold higher in wet compared to dry weather. The majority of microbiological contaminants followed this trend. E. coli eaeA, encoding the virulence factor intimin, was correlated with levels of 20 ARGs, and was more frequently detected in wet weather than dry weather samples. The bla(KPC) gene associated with carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae and the beta-lactam resistant gene (bla(NPS)) were only detected in wet weather samples. Frequency of integron genes Intl2 and Intl3 detection increased by 42% in wet weather samples. Culturable E. coli and Enterococcus spp. significantly correlated with 19 of 47 (40%) ARG tested. Sewage-associated markers crAssphage and HF183 significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with the following ARGs: intl1, sul1, tet(M), ampC, mexB, and tet(W). The presence of sewage-associated marker genes along with ARGs associated with sewage suggested that aging sewage infrastructure contributed to contaminant loading in the Bay. Further research should focus on collecting spatial and temporal data on the microbiological contaminants especially viruses in SDOs.201829754026
354530.9847Fecal indicators and antibiotic resistance genes exhibit diurnal trends in the Chattahoochee River: Implications for water quality monitoring. Water bodies that serve as sources of drinking or recreational water are routinely monitored for fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) by state and local agencies. Exceedances of monitoring thresholds set by those agencies signal likely elevated human health risk from exposure, but FIB give little information about the potential source of contamination. To improve our understanding of how within-day variation could impact monitoring data interpretation, we conducted a study at two sites along the Chattahoochee River that varied in their recreational usage and adjacent land-use (natural versus urban), collecting samples every 30 min over one 24-h period. We assayed for three types of microbial indicators: FIB (total coliforms and Escherichia coli); human fecal-associated microbial source tracking (MST) markers (crAssphage and HF183/BacR287); and a suite of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs; blaCTX-M, blaCMY, MCR, KPC, VIM, NDM) and a gene associated with antibiotic resistance (intl1). Mean levels of FIB and clinically relevant ARGs (blaCMY and KPC) were similar across sites, while MST markers and intI1 occurred at higher mean levels at the natural site. The human-associated MST markers positively correlated with antibiotic resistant-associated genes at both sites, but no consistent associations were detected between culturable FIB and any molecular markers. For all microbial indicators, generalized additive mixed models were used to examine diurnal variability and whether this variability was associated with environmental factors (water temperature, turbidity, pH, and sunlight). We found that FIB peaked during morning and early afternoon hours and were not associated with environmental factors. With the exception of HF183/BacR287 at the urban site, molecular MST markers and intI1 exhibited diurnal variability, and water temperature, pH, and turbidity were significantly associated with this variability. For blaCMY and KPC, diurnal variability was present but was not correlated with environmental factors. These results suggest that differences in land use (natural or urban) both adjacent and upstream may impact overall levels of microbial contamination. Monitoring agencies should consider matching sample collection times with peak levels of target microbial indicators, which would be in the morning or early afternoon for the fecal associated indicators. Measuring multiple microbial indicators can lead to clearer interpretations of human health risk associated with exposure to contaminated water.202236439800
330140.9846Hospital Wastewater Releases of Carbapenem-Resistance Pathogens and Genes in Urban India. Increasing antibiotic resistant hospital-acquired infections and limited new antibiotic discovery are jeopardizing human health at global scales, although how hospitals themselves fuel antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the wider environment is largely unknown. Antibiotic resistance (AR) in hospitals in countries such as India is potentially problematic because of high antibiotic use, overcrowding, and inadequate wastewater containment. Here we quantified fecal coliforms (FC), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), bla(NDM-1), and selected extended-spectrum β-lactam (ESBL) resistant bacteria and genes in 12 hospital wastewater outfalls and five background sewer drains across New Delhi over two seasons. Hospital wastewaters had up to 9 orders of magnitude greater concentrations of CRE bacteria and bla(NDM-1) than local sewers (depending on the hospital), implying hospitals contribute high concentrations of AR relative to community sources in Delhi, especially during the winter. Significant correlations were found between FC levels (a fecal indictor), and CRE (r = 0.924; p = 0.005), bla(NDM-1) (r = 0.934, p = 0.009), and ESBL-resistant bacteria (r = 0.913, p = 0.010) levels across hospital wastewaters, respectively, implying that elevated CRE and bla(NDM-1) are of patient origin. However, of greater importance to global health, microbial culturing found 18 to 41% of wastewater CRE isolates (n = 1447) were on the WHO "critical pathogen" list in urgent need of new antibiotics, and 55% of CRE isolates from larger hospitals carried at least one bla(NDM-1) gene. Wastewater releases from New Delhi hospitals may pose a greater AR exposure risk to residents than believed, implying in-hospital antibiotic use must be better controlled and more effective waste treatment is needed for hospital wastewaters.201728949542
708150.9846Seasonal variations in export of antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria in runoff from an agricultural watershed in Iowa. Seasonal variations of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) indicators in runoff water can help improve our understanding of AMR sources and transport within an agricultural watershed. This study aimed to monitor multiple areas throughout the Black Hawk Lake (BHL) watershed (5324 ha) in central Iowa during 2017 and 2018 that consists of both swine and cattle feeding operations as well as known areas with manure application. The measured indicators included plate counts for fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) E. coli, Enterococcus, antibiotic resistant fecal indicator bacteria (ARBs) tylosin resistant Enterococcus, tetracycline resistant Enterococcus, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs): ermB, ermF (macrolide), tetA, tetM, tetO, tetW (tetracycline), sul1, sul2 (sulfonamide), aadA2 (aminoglycoside), vgaA, and vgaB (pleuromutilin). Both the plate count and the ARG analyses showed seasonal trends. Plate counts were significantly greater during the growing season, while the ARGs were greater in the pre-planting and post-harvest seasons (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test p < 0.05). The ermB gene concentration was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with E. coli and Enterococcus concentrations in 2017, suggesting a potential use of this ARG as an indicator of environmental AMR and human health risk. Flow rate was not a significant contributor to annual variations in bacteria and AMR indicators. Based on observed seasonal patterns, we concluded that manure application was the likely contributor to elevated ARG indicators observed in the BHL watershed, while the driver of elevated ARB indictors in the growing season can only be speculated. Understanding AMR export patterns in agricultural watersheds provides public health officials knowledge of seasonal periods of higher AMR load to recreational waters.202032806354
781160.9846Removal of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes Affected by Varying Degrees of Fouling on Anaerobic Microfiltration Membranes. An anaerobic membrane bioreactor was retrofitted with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membrane units, each of which was fouled to a different extent. The membranes with different degrees of fouling were evaluated for their efficiencies in removing three antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), namely, bla(NDM-1)-positive Escherichia coli PI-7, bla(CTX-M-15)-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae L7, and bla(OXA-48)-positive E. coli UPEC-RIY-4, as well as their associated plasmid-borne antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The results showed that the log removal values (LRVs) of ARGs correlated positively with the extent of membrane fouling and ranged from 1.9 to 3.9. New membranes with a minimal foulant layer could remove more than 5 log units of ARB. However, as the membranes progressed to subcritical fouling, the LRVs of ARB decreased at increasing operating transmembrane pressures (TMPs). The LRV recovered back to 5 when the membrane was critically fouled, and the achieved LRV remained stable at different operating TMPs. Furthermore, characterization of the surface attributed the removal of both the ARB and ARGs to adsorption, which was facilitated by an increasing hydrophobicity and a decreasing surface ζ potential as the membranes fouled. Our results indicate that both the TMP and the foulant layer synergistically affected ARB removal, but the foulant layer was the main factor that contributed to ARG removal.201728957626
713370.9844Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in bacterial communities associated with Cladophora glomerata mats along the nearshore of Lake Ontario. The alga Cladophora glomerata can erupt in nuisance blooms throughout the lower Great Lakes. Since bacterial abundance increases with the emergence and decay of Cladophora, we investigated the prevalence of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in Cladophora-associated bacterial communities up-gradient and down-gradient from a large sewage treatment plant (STP) on Lake Ontario. Although STPs are well-known sources of ABR, we also expected detectable ABR from up-gradient wetland communities, since they receive surface run-off from urban and agricultural sources. Statistically significant differences in aquatic bacterial abundance and ABR were found between down-gradient beach samples and up-gradient coastal wetland samples (ANOVA, Holm-Sidak test, p < 0.05). Decaying and free-floating Cladophora sampled near the STP had the highest bacterial densities overall, including on ampicillin- and vancomycin-treated plates. However, quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of the ABR genes ampC, tetA, tetB, and vanA from environmental communities showed a different pattern. Some of the highest ABR gene levels occurred at the 2 coastal wetland sites (vanA). Overall, bacterial ABR profiles from environmental samples were distinguishable between living and decaying Cladophora, inferring that Cladophora may control bacterial ABR depending on its life-cycle stage. Our results also show how spatially and temporally dynamic ABR is in nearshore aquatic bacteria, which warrants further research.201728192677
532280.9844Broad dissemination of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in sediments of two urban coastal wetlands. Contamination of soil and water with antibiotic-resistant bacteria may create reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes that have the potential to negatively impact future public health through horizontal gene transfer. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, qepA, and aac(6')-Ib-cr were detected by PCR amplification of metagenomic DNA from surface sediments of the Tijuana River Estuary, a sewage-impacted coastal wetland along the U.S.-Mexico border; sediments of Famosa Slough, a nearby urban wetland that is largely unaffected by sewage, contained only qnrB, qnrS, and qepA. The number of PCR-positive sites and replicates increased in both wetlands after rainfall. Real-time quantitative PCR revealed a significant increase (p < 0.0005) in qnrA abundance (copies per gram sediment or per 16S rDNA copy) in Tijuana River Estuary sediments immediately following rainfall, but no significant change was measured at Famosa Slough (p > 0.1). Nucleotide sequences of cloned qnrA amplicons were all affiliated with qnrA genes found on plasmids of clinical isolates with one exception that was most similar to the chromosomal qnrA gene found in Shewanella algae. Our results suggest that urban wetlands may become reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes, particularly where wastewater is improperly managed.201121141884
727890.9843Effects of snowmelt runoff on bacterial communities and antimicrobial resistance gene concentrations in an urban river in a cold climate region. Urban rivers are essential for human activities and ecosystems. Urban runoff is a major source of various pollutants in urban rivers. In this study, we investigated the effect of rainfall and snowmelt subsequently causing urban runoff in a cold climate region on bacterial community structures and antimicrobial resistance gene concentrations in an urban river in Sapporo city, Japan, which has an average snowfall of 4.8 m. Bacterial community structures of the river water were analyzed by next generation sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The antimicrobial resistance genes, mphA and bla(IMP), were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Rainfall and snowmelt increased the effluent discharge rate of treated wastewater, and river water depth. Rainfall and snowmelt also increased Escherichia coli concentrations by 4-20 folds in the river, probably because of combined sewer overflows, urban runoff, or increased effluent discharge rate of treated wastewater to the river. Urban runoff and the subsequent discharge of treated wastewater decreased the bacterial alpha diversity and increased the species evenness of bacteria. Bacterial beta diversity analysis showed that the discharge of treated wastewater caused by rainfall and snowmelt changed the structure and diversity of the bacterial community in the river. The concentrations of the antimicrobial resistance gene mphA were related to the discharge of treated wastewater. In contrast, the antimicrobial resistance gene bla(IMP) appeared to be present in the upstream pristine environment. Results of this study should be informative for challenge to reduce the antimicrobial resistance bacteria due to combined sewer overflows by wastewater management authorities.202540042701
3279100.9842A Three-Year Follow-Up Study of Antibiotic and Metal Residues, Antibiotic Resistance and Resistance Genes, Focusing on Kshipra-A River Associated with Holy Religious Mass-Bathing in India: Protocol Paper. BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is one of the major health emergencies for global society. Little is known about the ABR of environmental bacteria and therefore it is important to understand ABR reservoirs in the environment and their potential impact on health. METHOD/DESIGN: Quantitative and qualitative data will be collected during a 3-year follow-up study of a river associated with religious mass-bathing in Central India. Surface-water and sediment samples will be collected from seven locations at regular intervals for 3 years during religious mass-bathing and in absence of it to monitor water-quality, antibiotic residues, resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance genes and metals. Approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of R.D. Gardi Medical College, Ujjain, India (No. 2013/07/17-311). RESULTS: The results will address the issue of antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance with a focus on a river environment in India within a typical socio-behavioural context of religious mass-bathing. It will enhance our understanding about the relationship between antibiotic residue levels, water-quality, heavy metals and antibiotic resistance patterns in Escherichia coli isolated from river-water and sediment, and seasonal differences that are associated with religious mass-bathing. We will also document, identify and clarify the genetic differences/similarities relating to phenotypic antibiotic resistance in bacteria in rivers during religious mass-bathing or during periods when there is no mass-bathing.201728555050
7143110.9842Simulated discharge of treated landfill leachates reveals a fueled development of antibiotic resistance in receiving tidal river. Around 350 million tons of solid waste is disposed of in landfills every year globally, with millions of cubic meters of landfill leachates released into neighboring environment. However, to date, little is known about the variations of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in on-site leachate treatment systems and its development in leachate-receiving water environment. Here, we quantified 7 subtypes of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), 3 types of culturable antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and 6 subtypes of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the effluents from a combined leachate treatment process, including biological treatment (MBR), physical separation (UF), ultraviolet (UV) disinfection and advanced oxidation process (AOP). The contents of ARGs, ARB and MGEs were generally enriched by the MBR, but then decreased significantly along with the tertiary treatment process. However, in the effluent-receiving water samples, the abundance of dominant ARGs (i.e. ermB, sul1, bla(TEM)) increased by 1.5 orders of magnitude within 96 h, alongside a general increase of MGEs (~10.0 log(10)(copies/mL) and total ARB (~1100 CFU/mL). Structural correlation analyses reveal that target ARGs were closely associated with MGEs, particularly in effluent-receiving samples (Procrustes test; M(2) = 0.49, R = 0.71, P = 0.001); and occurrences of ARB were majorly affected by ARG's distribution and environmental conditions (e.g. nitrogen speciation) in effluent and recipient groups, respectively. This study indicates that current treatment technologies and operation protocols are not feasible in countering the development of AMR in effluent-receiving water environment, particularly in tidal rivers that are capable of retaining contaminants for a long residence time.201829501852
7215120.9842High-throughput qPCR profiling of antimicrobial resistance genes and bacterial loads in wastewater and receiving environments. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are hot spots for the acquisition and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This regional-based study quantified antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and bacteria in hospital and community-derived wastewater and receiving environments, using high-throughput qPCR (HT-qPCR). This is the first study to apply Resistomap's Antibiotic Resistance Gene Index (ARGI) as a standardised metric to find the overall AMR level across different WWTPs. ARGI of WWTPs ranged from 2.0 to 2.3, indicating higher relative ARG levels than the mean European ARGI of 2.0, but lower than the global mean of 2.4. The highest diversity and abundance of ARGs were observed in untreated hospital and community wastewater. The reduction of total ARGs during wastewater treatment (0.2-2 logs) and bacteria (0.3-1.5 logs) varied spatio-temporally across the WWTPs. Despite a decrease in ARG and bacterial abundance in treated effluents, substantial loads were still released into receiving environments. Notably, ARG levels in coastal sediments were comparable to those in untreated wastewater, and most ARGs were shared between wastewater and receiving environments, highlighting the impact of wastewater discharge on these ecosystems. Sewage outfall exposure increased ARGs in shellfish, emphasising risks to shellfish hygiene. This study provides evidence to inform policymaking, emphasising advanced wastewater treatment methods and combined sewer overflow (CSO) management to mitigate ARG release, protecting water users and the food chain.202540127809
3074130.9842Metagenomic analysis of microbial communities and antibiotic resistant genes in the Tijuana river, and potential sources. The Tijuana River is a transborder river that flows northwest across the border from Baja California in Mexico into Southern California before discharging into the Pacific Ocean. The river is frequently contaminated with raw sewage due to inadequate sanitary infrastructure in Tijuana. To assess the type and degree of microbial contamination, water samples were collected monthly from a near-border and an estuarine site from August 2020 until May 2021. A portion of each sample was used for epifluorescent microscopy and DNA was extracted directly from the rest for shotgun metagenomic sequencing. After sequence quality checking and processing, we used the rapid taxonomic identifier tool Kaiju to characterize the microbial diversity of the metagenomes and matched the sequences against the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) to examine antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Bacterial and viral-like particle (VLP) abundance was consistently higher in the near-border samples than in the estuarine samples, while alpha diversity (within sample biodiversity) was higher in estuarine samples. Beta-diversity analysis found clear compositional separation between samples from the two sites, and the near-border samples were more dissimilar to one another than were the estuarine sites. Near-border samples were dominated by fecal-associated bacteria and bacteria associated with sewage sludge, while estuarine sites were dominated by marine bacteria. ARGs were more abundant at the near-border site, but were also readily detectable in the estuarine samples, and the most abundant ARGs had multi-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. SourceTracker analysis identified human feces and sewage sludge to be the largest contributors to the near-border samples, while marine waters dominated estuarine samples except for two sewage overflow dates with high fecal contamination. Overall, our research determined human sewage microbes to be common in the Tijuana River, and the prevalence of ARGs confirms the importance of planned infrastructure treatment upgrades for environmental health.202438043772
5340140.9842Hospital wastewaters: A reservoir and source of clinically relevant bacteria and antibiotic resistant genes dissemination in urban river under tropical conditions. The occurrence and dissemination of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) that are associated with clinical pathogens and the evaluation of associated risks are still under-investigated in developing countries under tropical conditions. In this context, cultivable and molecular approaches were performed to assess the dissemination of bacteria and the antibiotic resistance genes in aquatic environment in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Cultivable approach quantified β-lactam, carbapenem resistant, and total Escherichia coli and Enterobacteriaceae in river sediments and surface waters that receive raw hospital effluents. The molecular approach utilized Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) to quantify the total bacteria and the richness of relevant bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs: bla(OXA-48), bla(CTX-M), bla(IMP), bla(TEM)) in sediment samples. Statistical analysis were employed to highlight the significance of hospital contribution and seasonal variation of bacteria and ARGs into aquatic ecosystems in suburban municipalities of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The contribution of hospitals to antibiotic resistance proliferation is higher in the dry season than during the wet season (p < 0.05). Hospital similarly contributed Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas and ARGs significantly to the sediments in both seasons (p < 0.05). The organic matter content correlated positively with E. coli (r = 0.50, p < 0.05). The total bacterial load correlated with Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas (0.49 < r < 0.69, p < 0.05). Each ARG correlated with the total bacterial load or at least one relevant bacteria (0.41 < r < 0.81, p < 0.05). Our findings confirm that hospital wastewaters contributed significantly to antibiotic resistance profile and the significance of this contribution increased in the dry season. Moreover, our analysis highlights this risk from untreated hospital wastewaters in developing countries, which presents a great threat to public health.202032470679
7277150.9841Occurrence and persistence of carbapenemases genes in hospital and wastewater treatment plants and propagation in the receiving river. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of clinically relevant carbapenemases genes (bla(KPC), bla(NDM) and bla(OXA-48)) in water samples collected over one-year period from hospital (H), raw and treated wastewater of two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) as well as along the Zenne River (Belgium). The genes were quantified in both particle-attached (PAB) and free-living (FLB) bacteria. Our results showed that absolute abundances were the highest in H waters. Although absolute abundances were significantly reduced in WWTP effluents, the relative abundance (normalized per 16S rRNA) was never lowered through wastewater treatment. Particularly, for the PAB the relative abundances were significantly higher in the effluents respect to the influents of both WWTPs for all the genes. The absolute abundances along the Zenne River increased from upstream to downstream, peaking after the release of WWTPs effluents, in both fractions. Our results demonstrated that bla(KPC), bla(NDM) and bla(OXA-48) are widely distributed in the Zenne as a consequence of chronic discharge from WWTPs. To conclude, the levels of carbapenemases genes are significantly lower than other genes conferring resistance to more widely used antibiotics (analyzed in previous studies carried out at the same sites), but could raise up to the levels of high prevalent resistance genes.201829960932
7240160.9841Effects of industrial effluents containing moderate levels of antibiotic mixtures on the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial community composition in exposed creek sediments. Environmental discharges of very high (mg/L) antibiotic levels from pharmaceutical production contributed to the selection, spread and persistence of antibiotic resistance. However, the effects of less antibiotic-polluted effluents (μg/L) from drug-formulation on exposed aquatic microbial communities are still scarce. Here we analyzed formulation effluents and sediments from the receiving creek collected at the discharge site (DW0), upstream (UP) and 3000 m downstream of discharge (DW3000) during winter and summer season. Chemical analyses indicated the largest amounts of trimethoprim (up to 5.08 mg/kg) and azithromycin (up to 0.39 mg/kg) at DW0, but sulfonamides accumulated at DW3000 (total up to 1.17 mg/kg). Quantitative PCR revealed significantly increased relative abundance of various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) against β-lactams, macrolides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim and tetracyclines in sediments from DW0, despite relatively high background levels of some ARGs already at UP site. However, only sulfonamide (sul2) and macrolide ARG subtypes (mphG and msrE) were still elevated at DW3000 compared to UP. Sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed pronounced changes in the sediment bacterial community composition from both DW sites compared to UP site, regardless of the season. Numerous taxa with increased relative abundance at DW0 decreased to background levels at DW3000, suggesting die-off or lack of transport of effluent-originating bacteria. In contrast, various taxa that were more abundant in sediments than in effluents increased in relative abundance at DW3000 but not at DW0, possibly due to selection imposed by high sulfonamide levels. Network analysis revealed strong correlation between some clinically relevant ARGs (e.g. bla(GES), bla(OXA), ermB, tet39, sul2) and taxa with elevated abundance at DW sites, and known to harbour opportunistic pathogens, such as Acinetobacter, Arcobacter, Aeromonas and Shewanella. Our results demonstrate the necessity for improved management of pharmaceutical and rural waste disposal for mitigating the increasing problems with antibiotic resistance.202031855637
7868170.9841A double-quenching paperclip ECL biosensing platform for ultrasensitive detection of antibiotic resistance genes (mecA) based on Ti(3)C(2) MXene-Au NPs as a coreactant accelerator. The global spread of environmental biological pollutants, such as antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), has emerged as a critical public health concern. It is imperative to address this pressing issue due to its potential implications for public health. Herein, a DNA paperclip probe with double-quenching function of target cyclic cleavage was proposed, and an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensing platform was constructed using Ti(3)C(2) MXene in-situ reduction growth of Au NPs (TCM-Au) as a coreactant accelerator, and applied to the sensitive detection of ARGs. Thanks to the excellent catalytic performance, large surface area and Au-S affinity of TCM-Au, the ECL performance of CdS QDs have been significantly improved. By cleverly utilizing the negative charge of the paperclip nucleic acid probe and its modification group, double-quenching of the ECL signal was achieved. This innovative approach, combined with target cyclic amplification, facilitated specific and sensitive detection of the mecA gene. This biosensing platform manifested highly selective and sensitive determination of mecA genes in the range of 10 fM to 100 nM and a low detection limit of 2.7 fM. The credible detectability and anti-interference were demonstrated in Yangtze river and Aeration tank outlet, indicating its promising application toward pollution monitoring of ARGs.202337666010
7271180.9841Identification of critical control points for antibiotic resistance discharge in sewers. Disrupting the spread of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is one of the key components for the success of the One Health strategy. While waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) represent a final control point for daily discharges of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to the aquatic environment, a decentralized upstream monitoring of wastewater feeds of selected urban drainage areas for bla(CTX-M32), bla(CTX-M15), bla(OXA48), bla(CMY-2), mecA, bla(NDM-1), bla(KPC3), vanA, and mcr-1 representing clinically relevant ARGs has been performed. Besides hospitals, also retirement homes were found to be responsible for high levels of ARG discharges compared to housing area sewer systems. The monitoring combines qPCR-based quantifications, flow volume-based analyses, and multiple antibiotic resistance analyses of isolates. As result of the study, local actions at identified critical control points could help to prevent contaminations of larger volumes of wastewaters. This strategy will support a more cost-effective treatment compared to central actions at WWTPs, only. A polluter-pays principle should be applied by this monitoring strategy.202235051461
7132190.9840Impact of blending for direct potable reuse on premise plumbing microbial ecology and regrowth of opportunistic pathogens and antibiotic resistant bacteria. Little is known about how introducing recycled water intended for direct potable reuse (DPR) into distribution systems and premise plumbing will affect water quality at the point of use, particularly with respect to effects on microbial communities and regrowth. The examination of potential growth of opportunistic pathogens (OPs) and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), each representing serious and growing public health concerns, by introducing DPR water has not previously been evaluated. In this study, the impact of blending purified DPR water with traditional drinking water sources was investigated with respect to treatment techniques, blending location, and blending ratio. Water from four U.S. utility partners was treated in bench- and pilot-scale treatment trains to simulate DPR with blending. Water was incubated in simulated premise plumbing rigs made of PVC pipe containing brass coupons to measure regrowth of total bacteria (16S rRNA genes, heterotrophic plate count), OPs (Legionella spp., Mycobacterium spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa), ARGs (qnrA, vanA), and an indicator of horizontal gene transfer and multi-drug resistance (intI1). The microbial community composition was profiled and the resistome (i.e., all ARGs present) was characterized in select samples using next generation sequencing. While regrowth of total bacteria (16S rRNA genes) from the start of the incubation through week eight consistently occurred across tested scenarios (Wilcoxon, p ≤ 0.0001), total bacteria were not more abundant in the water or biofilm of any DPR scenario than in the corresponding conventional potable condition (p ≥ 0.0748). Regrowth of OP marker genes, qnrA, vanA, and intI1 were not significantly greater in water or biofilm for any DPR blends treated with advanced oxidation compared to corresponding potable water (p ≥ 0.1047). This study of initial bacteria colonizing pipes after introduction of blended DPR water revealed little evidence (i.e., one target in one water type) of exacerbated regrowth of total bacteria, OPs, or ARGs in premise plumbing.201930594092