# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1259 | 0 | 0.9834 | Tetracycline resistance potential of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from freshwater fin-fish aquaculture system. AIMS: This study investigated the tetracycline resistance potential of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from twenty-four freshwater fin-fish culture ponds in Andhra Pradesh, India. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 261 tetracycline resistant bacteria (tetR) were recovered from pond water, pond sediment, fish gills, fish intestine, and fish feed. Bacteria with high tetracycline resistance (tetHR) (n = 30) that were resistant to tetracycline concentrations above 128 μg mL-1 were predominantly Lactococcus garvieae followed by Enterobacter spp., Lactococcus lactis, Enterobacter hormaechei, Staphylococcus arlettae, Streptococcus lutetiensis, Staphylococcus spp., Brevundimonas faecalis, Exiguobacterium profundum, Lysinibacillus spp., Stutzerimonas stutzeri, Enterobacter cloacae, and Lactococcus taiwanensis. Resistance to 1024 μg mL-1 of tetracycline was observed in L. garvieae, S. arlettae, Enterobacter spp., B. faecalis. Tet(A) (67%) was the predominant resistance gene in tetHR followed by tet(L), tet(S), tet(K), and tet(M). At similar concentrations of exposure, tetracycline procured at the farm level (69.5% potency) exhibited lower inhibition against tetHR bacteria compared to pure tetracycline (99% potency). The tetHR bacteria showed higher cross-resistance to furazolidone (100%) followed by co-trimoxazole (47.5%) and enrofloxacin (11%). CONCLUSIONS: The maximum threshold of tetracycline resistance at 1024 μg mL-1 was observed in S. arlettae, Enterobacter spp., B. faecalis, and L. garvieae and tet(A) was the major determinant found in this study. | 2023 | 36958862 |
| 6087 | 1 | 0.9829 | Draft genome of Raoultella planticola, a high lead resistance bacterium from industrial wastewater. Isolation of heavy metals-resistant bacteria from their original habitat is a crucial step in bioremediation. Six lead (Pb) resistant bacterial strains were isolated and identified utilizing 16S rRNA to be Enterobacter ludwigii FACU 4, Shigella flexneri FACU, Microbacterium paraoxydans FACU, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumonia FACU, Raoultella planticola FACU 3 and Staphylococcus xylosus FACU. It was determined that all these strains had their Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to be 2500 ppm except R. planticola FACU 3 has a higher maximum tolerance concentration (MTC) up to 2700 ppm. We evaluated the survival of all six strains on lead stress, the efficiency of biosorption and lead uptake. It was found that R. planticola FACU 3 is the highest MTC and S. xylosus FACU was the lowest MTC in this evaluation. Therefore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the difference between the morphological responses of these two strains to lead stress. These findings led to explore more about the genome of R. planticola FACU 3 using illumine Miseq technology. Draft genome sequence analysis revealed the genome size of 5,648,460 bp and G + C content 55.8% and identified 5526 CDS, 75 tRNA and 4 rRNA. Sequencing technology facilitated the identification of about 47 genes related to resistance to many heavy metals including lead, arsenic, zinc, mercury, nickel, silver and chromium of R. planticola FACU 3 strain. Moreover, genome sequencing identified plant growth-promoting genes (PGPGs) including indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, phenazine production, trehalose metabolism and 4-hydroxybenzoate production genes and a lot of antibiotic-resistant genes. | 2023 | 36715862 |
| 6153 | 2 | 0.9815 | Isolation and characterization of aerobic, culturable, arsenic-tolerant bacteria from lead-zinc mine tailing in southern China. Bioremediation of arsenic (As) pollution is an important environmental issue. The present investigation was carried out to isolate As-resistant novel bacteria and characterize their As transformation and tolerance ability. A total of 170 As-resistant bacteria were isolated from As-contaminated soils at the Kangjiawan lead-zinc tailing mine, located in Hunan Province, southern China. Thirteen As-resistant isolates were screened by exposure to 260 mM Na(2)HAsO(4)·7H(2)O, most of which showed a very high level of resistance to As(5+) (MIC ≥ 600 mM) and As(3+) (MIC ≥ 10 mM). Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA genes indicated that the 13 isolates tested belong to the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, and these isolates were assigned to eight genera, Bacillus, Williamsia, Citricoccus, Rhodococcus, Arthrobacter, Ochrobactrum, Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas. Genes involved in As resistance were present in 11 of the isolates. All 13 strains transformed As (1 mM); the oxidation and reduction rates were 5-30% and 10-51.2% within 72 h, respectively. The rates of oxidation by Bacillus sp. Tw1 and Pseudomonas spp. Tw224 peaked at 42.48 and 34.94% at 120 h, respectively. For Pseudomonas spp. Tw224 and Bacillus sp. Tw133, the highest reduction rates were 52.01% at 48 h and 48.66% at 144 h, respectively. Our findings will facilitate further research into As metabolism and bioremediation of As pollution by genome sequencing and genes modification. | 2018 | 30446973 |
| 5387 | 3 | 0.9810 | Assessment of antibiotic susceptibility within lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from wine. Susceptibility to 12 antibiotics was tested in 75 unrelated lactic acid bacteria strains of wine origin of the following species: 38 Lactobacillus plantarum, 3 Lactobacillus hilgardii, 2 Lactobacillus paracasei, 1 Lactobacillus sp, 21 Oenococcus oeni, 4 Pediococcus pentosaceus, 2 Pediococcus parvulus, 1 Pediococcus acidilactici, and 3 Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations of the different antibiotics that inhibited 50% of the strains of the Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Pediococcus genera were, respectively, the following ones: penicillin (2, < or =0.5, and < or =0.5 microg/ml), erythromycin (< or =0.5 microg/ml), chloramphenicol (4 microg/ml), ciprofloxacin (64, 8, and 128 microg/ml), vancomycin (> or =128 microg/ml), tetracycline (8, 2, and 8 microg/ml), streptomycin (256, 32, and 512 microg/ml), gentamicin (64, 4, and 128 microg/ml), kanamycin (256, 64, and 512 microg/ml), sulfamethoxazole (> or =1024 microg/ml), and trimethoprim (16 microg/ml). All 21 O. oeni showed susceptibility to erythromycin, tetracycline, rifampicin and chloramphenicol, and exhibited resistance to aminoglycosides, vancomycin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, that could represent intrinsic resistance. Differences were observed among the O. oeni strains with respect to penicillin or ciprofloxacin susceptibility. Antibiotic resistance genes were studied by PCR and sequencing, and the following genes were detected: erm(B) (one P. acidilactici), tet(M) (one L. plantarum), tet(L) (one P. parvulus), aac(6')-aph(2") (four L. plantarum, one P. parvulus, one P. pentosaceus and two O. oeni), ant(6) (one L. plantarum, and two P. parvulus), and aph(3')-IIIa (one L. plantarum and one O. oeni). This is the first time, to our knowledge, that ant(6), aph(3')-IIIa and tet(L) genes are found in Lactobacillus and Pediococcus strains and antimicrobial resistance genes are reported in O. oeni strains. | 2006 | 16876896 |
| 6152 | 4 | 0.9810 | Identification of Bacillus megaterium and Microbacterium liquefaciens genes involved in metal resistance and metal removal. Bacillus megaterium MNSH1-9K-1 and Microbacterium liquefaciens MNSH2-PHGII-2, 2 nickel- and vanadium-resistant bacteria from mine tailings located in Guanajuato, Mexico, are shown to have the ability to remove 33.1% and 17.8% of Ni, respectively, and 50.8% and 14.0% of V, respectively, from spent petrochemical catalysts containing 428 ± 30 mg·kg(-1) Ni and 2165 ± 77 mg·kg(-1) V. In these strains, several Ni resistance determinants were detected by conventional PCR. The nccA (nickel-cobalt-cadmium resistance) was found for the first time in B. megaterium. In M. liquefaciens, the above gene as well as the czcD gene (cobalt-zinc-cadmium resistance) and a high-affinity nickel transporter were detected for the first time. This study characterizes the resistance of M. liquefaciens and B. megaterium to Ni through the expression of genes conferring metal resistance. | 2016 | 27210016 |
| 1319 | 5 | 0.9805 | Isolation and Identification of Aerobic Bacteria Carrying Tetracycline and Sulfonamide Resistance Genes Obtained from a Meat Processing Plant. Microbial contamination in food-processing plants can play a fundamental role in food quality and safety. The purpose of this study was to investigate aerobic bacteria carrying tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes from a meat processing plant as possible sources of meat contamination. One hundred swab samples from surfaces of conveyor belts, meat slicers, meat knives, benches, plastic trays, gloves, and aprons were analyzed. A total of 168 isolates belonging to 10 genera were obtained, including Pseudomonas sp. (n = 35), Acinetobacter sp. (n = 30), Aeromonas sp. (n = 20), Myroides sp. (n = 15), Serratia sp. (n = 15), Staphylococcus sp. (n = 14), Enterobacter sp. (n = 11), Escherichia coli (n = 10), Lactococcus sp. (n = 10), and Klebsiella sp. (n = 8). Of the 168 isolates investigated, 60.7% showed resistance to tetracycline and 57.7% to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. The tetracycline resistance genes tetL, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetE, tetM, tetS, tetK, and tetX were found in the frequency of 7.7%, 6.0%, 4.8%, 4.8%, 3.6%, 3.6%, 3.6%, 1.2%, and 0.6%, respectively. Sulfonamide resistance genes sul1 and sul2 were observed in the frequency of 17.9% and 38.1%, respectively. The tetracycline resistance genes tetX was first found in Myroides sp. This investigation demonstrated that food contact surfaces in a meat processing plant may be sources of contamination of aerobic bacteria carrying tetracycline and sulfonamide antibiotic resistance genes. | 2016 | 27100915 |
| 2791 | 6 | 0.9805 | Molecular characterization, antibiotic resistant pattern and biofilm forming potentiality of bacterial community associated with Ompok pabda fish farming in southwestern Bangladesh. Ompok pabda is gaining popularity in the aquaculture industry due to its increasing demand; however research on microbial diversity and antibiotic susceptibility remains limited. The present study was designed to identify the bacterial pathogens commonly found in the pabda farming system with their biofilm forming potential and antibiotic susceptibility. Different bacterial strains were isolated from water, sediments and gut, gill of pabda fish and the isolates were identified based on their morphological traits, biochemical and molecular analysis. Antibiotic susceptibilities, antibiotic resistance gene determination and biofilm formation capabilities were evaluated by disc diffusion method, PCR amplification and Microtiter plate (MTP) assay, respectively. The respective isolates of gill and gut of pabda aquaculture and their environments were: Exiguobacterium spp. (25 %), Enterococcus spp. (20 %), Bacillus spp. (10 %), Acinetobacter spp. (10 %), Enterobacter spp. (10 %), Aeromonas spp. (10 %), Lactococcus spp. (5 %), Klebsiella spp. (5 %) and Kurthia spp. (5 %). Antibiotic resistance frequencies were found to be relatively high, especially for trimethoprim (95 %), sulfafurazole (75 %), ampicillin (60 %), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (55 %), and cephradine (50 %). 30 % isolates were categorized as DR bacteria followed by 30 % isolates were MDR bacteria and 40 % were classified as XDR bacteria. Moreover, 4 antibiotic resistant genes were detected with sul1 (30 %), dfrA1 (10 %), tetC (40 %), and qnrA (5 %) of isolates. Based on the microtiter plate method, 20 %, 25 %, and 30 % of isolates were found to produce strong, moderate, and weak biofilms, respectively. The findings suggest that biofilm forming bacterial strains found in O. pabda fish farm may be a potential source of numerous antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The study sheds new light on antibiotic resistance genes, which are typically inherited by bacteria and play an important role in developing effective treatments or control strategies. | 2024 | 39047804 |
| 1354 | 7 | 0.9805 | The prevalence, antibiotic resistance and multilocus sequence typing of colistin-resistant bacteria isolated from Penaeus vannamei farms in earthen ponds and HDPE film-lined ponds in China. The aquaculture environment, especially the culture ponds and aquaculture products, is considered to be an important reservoir of colistin resistance genes. However, systematic investigations of colistin resistance in Penaeus vannamei farming in different culture modes are scarce. In this study, a total of 93 non-duplicated samples were collected from P. vannamei farms in five cities in China from 2019 to 2021. The prevalence, antibiotic resistance and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of colistin-resistant bacteria were measured and analysed. The results showed that among the 1601 isolates in P. vannamei and its environmental samples, the pollution of colistin-resistant bacteria was serious (the overall prevalence was 37.3% and 28.8%, respectively), regardless of the earthen pond or high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film-lined pond. Among 533 isolates, the prevalence of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes, mcr-1, was the highest (60%, 320/533), followed by mcr-4 (1.5%, 8/533), mcr-8 (0.9%, 5/533), mcr-10 (0.6%, 3/533) and mcr-7 (0.4%, 2/533). The prevalence of mcr-1 in earthen ponds was significantly higher than that in HDPE film-lined ponds (67.5% vs. 49.1%, p < .001). The dominant strain carrying mcr-1 was Bacillus spp. (54.1%, 173/320), followed by Enterobacter spp. (8.1%, 26/320), Staphylococcus spp. (6.3%, 20/320) and Aeromonas spp. (5.3%, 17/320). The antibiotic resistance profiles of 173 Bacillus spp. varied among different sampling locations and culture types. These isolates were highly resistant to cefepime, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ceftiofur (>45%), and multidrug-resistant isolates were common (62.4%, 108/173). Sequence type (ST) 26 (37/66, 56%) was found to be the most prevalent ST in mcr-1-positive Bacillus cereus isolated from the aquaculture environment. In summary, our study pointed out that it is necessary to continuously monitor antibiotic usage and its residues regardless of the pond types, especially with regard to critical drugs such as colistin. | 2022 | 35841601 |
| 1299 | 8 | 0.9804 | Prevalence, Drug Resistance, and Virulence Genes of Potential Pathogenic Bacteria in Pasteurized Milk of Chinese Fresh Milk Bar. Fresh Milk Bar (FMB), an emerging dairy retail franchise, is used to instantly produce and sell pasteurized milk and other dairy products in China. However, the quality and safety of pasteurized milk in FMB have received little attention. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence genes of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus in 205 pasteurized milk samples collected from FMBs in China. Four (2.0%) isolates of E. coli, seven (3.4%) isolates of S. aureus, and three (1.5%) isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae were isolated and identified. The E. coli isolates were resistant to amikacin (100%), streptomycin (50%), and tetracycline (50%). Their detected resistance genes include aac(3)-III (75%), blaTEM (25%), aadA (25%), aac(3)-II (25%), catI (25%), and qnrB (25%). The S. aureus isolates were mainly resistant to penicillin G (71.4%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (71.4%), kanamycin (57.1%), gentamicin (57.1%), amikacin (57.1%), and clindamycin (57.1%). blaZ (42.9%), mecA (28.6%), ermB (14.3%), and ermC (14.3%) were detected as their resistance genes. The Streptococcus strains were mainly resistant to tetracycline (66.7%) and contained the resistance genes pbp2b (33.3%) and tetM (33.3%). The virulence genes eae and stx2 were only found in one E. coli strain (25%), sec was detected in two S. aureus strains (28.6%), and bca was detected in one S. agalactiae strain (33.3%). The results of this study indicate that bacteria with drug resistance and virulence genes isolated from the pasteurized milk of FMB are a potential risk to consumers' health. | 2021 | 34129676 |
| 5278 | 9 | 0.9803 | Antibiotic resistance of culturable heterotrophic bacteria isolated from shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) aquaculture ponds. Shrimp aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food-producing avenues, where antibiotics usage has become an issue of great concern due to the development of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. A total of 2304 bacterial isolates from 192 samples (sediment, water, shrimp, and source water) from Andhra Pradesh, India were screened. Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was highest for oxytetracycline (23.4%) followed by erythromycin (12.7%), co-trimoxazole (10%) ciprofloxacin (9.6%), and chloramphenicol (6%), of which 11.9% isolates were multi-drug resistant. Bacterial isolates from shrimp (26.7%), water (23.9%), and sediment (19.6%) samples exhibited more resistance (p ≤ 0.05) towards oxytetracycline. Higher antibacterial resistance was observed from samples of southern Andhra Pradesh (locations L6 and L7). Gram negative bacteria were more prevalent (64%) and showed significantly (p ≤ 0.01) higher resistance. This study indicated the wider distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in shrimp aquaculture ponds with potential risk to humans and the environment. | 2021 | 34450408 |
| 1352 | 10 | 0.9803 | Bacterial Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Microorganisms Isolated from Teat Cup Liners in Dairy Farms in Shandong Province, China. Global milk consumption exceeds 800 million tons a year and is still growing. Milk quality and its products are critical to human health. A teat cup makes direct contact with the cow's teats during milking and its cleanliness is very important for the quality of raw milk. In this study, the microorganism from post-milking teat cup liners were collected from six dairy farms in Shandong Province of China, the bacterial species were identified using microbial mass spectrometry, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the isolated strains against ten antimicrobial agents were determined using the broth microdilution method, and the antimicrobial resistance genes were detected by PCR. The results indicated that the most frequently isolated bacteria in this study were Bacillus licheniformis (39/276, 14.13%), followed by Bacillus pumilus (20/276, 7.25%), Bacillus cereus (17/276, 6.16%), and Bacillus subtili (16/276, 5.80%). The isolates exhibited the highest average resistance to lincomycin (87.37%), followed by sulfadiazine (61.05%) and streptomycin (42.63%); the highest detection rate of resistance genes was Sul1 (55.43%), followed by ant(4') (51.09%), tet(M) (25.36%), bla(KPC) (3.62%) and qnrS (3.62%). These findings imply the necessity for enhanced measures in disinfecting cow udders and milking equipment, highlighting the persistently challenging issue of antimicrobial resistance in Shandong Province. | 2024 | 39123692 |
| 5449 | 11 | 0.9803 | Antibiotic susceptibility and resistance genes profiles of Vagococcus salmoninarum in a rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss, Walbaum) farm. Disease outbreaks negatively affect fish production. Antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of diseases become ineffective over time because of antibiotic resistance developed by bacteria distributed in the aquaculture environment. This study was conducted for 4 months (cold period) in a fish farm to detect the fish disease, cold water streptococcosis. In the study, four brood stock showing disease signs were detected. Bacteria isolates were obtained and identified as Vagococcus salmoninarum. Antimicrobial susceptibility of V. salmoninarum was tested and antibiotic resistance gene profiles of V. salmoninarum isolates were screened. The phylogenetic relation of the isolates with the previously reported strains was evaluated. Antibiotic resistance developed by pathogenic bacteria is distributed in the aquaculture environment. The transfer of resistance genes from one bacterium to another is very common. This situation causes the antimicrobial agents used in the treatment of diseases to become ineffective over time. The disc diffusion test showed that all four isolates developed resistance to 13 (FFC30, AX25, C30, E15, CF30, L2, OX1, S10, T30, CRO30, CC2, PT15 and TY15) of the evaluated antibiotics and were about to develop resistance to six others (AM 10, FM 300, CFP75, SXT25, APR15 and TE30). Furthermore, antibiotic resistance genes tetA, sul1, sul2, sul3, dhfr1, ereB and floR were detected in the isolated strain. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis showed that isolated V. salmoninarum strain (ESN1) was closely related to the bacterial strains isolated from USA and Jura. | 2024 | 38560471 |
| 2338 | 12 | 0.9803 | Characterization of disinfectant susceptibility profiles among clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Ardabil, Iran. Antimicrobial disinfectants have been extensively used to control hospital-acquired infections worldwide. Prolonged exposure to bacteria could promote resistance to antimicrobial disinfectants. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of four commonly used disinfectants; triclosan, chlorhexidine digluconate, benzalkonium chloride, and formaldehyde against Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. This study also determined the prevalence and association of efflux pumps encoding genes qacE, qacED1, emrA, and aceI with tolerance to disinfectants. A total of 100 A. baumannii isolates were included in the current study. The antimicrobial disinfectants' minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using an agar dilution method. Genes involved in resistance to disinfectants were investigated by PCR method. The benzalkonium chloride MICs ranged between 32 and 128 μg mL-1, chlorhexidine digluconate 8-64 μg mL-1, triclosan 1-32 μg mL-1, and formaldehyde 128 μg mL-1. Overall, the highest MIC90 value was identified for formaldehyde (128 μg mL-1), followed by benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine digluconate (64 μg mL-1, each one) and triclosan (4 μg mL-1). In the present study, the qacE, qacED1, emrA, and aceI genes were found in 91%, 55%, 100%, and 88% of isolates, respectively. The qacG gene was not identified in our A. baumannii isolates. The qacED1 gene was associated with higher MICs for all disinfectants tested (P < 0.05), while the qacE and aceI genes were associated with higher MICs for benzalkonium chloride and chlorhexidine. This study indicated that triclosan is the most effective disinfectant against A. baumannii isolates. | 2023 | 38063878 |
| 5276 | 13 | 0.9803 | Bacteriological quality, heavy metal and antibiotic resistance in Sapanca Lake, Turkey. Sapanca Lake is important as a source of drinking water. In this study, we aimed to detect the bacterial quality, the frequency of bacterial antibiotic and heavy metal resistance, and bioindicator bacteria in the water samples taken from Sapanca Lake in the period between 2008 and 2010. The resistance of bacterial isolates to certain antibiotics and heavy metal salts was investigated using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration techniques. Bacterial metabolic reactions were tested using the VITEK 2 Compact 30 micro identification system for identification of cultivable bacteria. Twenty-seven bacteria species belonging to three classes-Gammaproteobacteria, Bacilli, Flavobacteria-were recorded for the first time in Sapanca Lake. The highest indicator bacteria were recorded as 71 ± 3.1 × 10(4) CFU/100 ml in the summer season. The highest bacterial resistance was recorded as 90.47% against vancomycin in a total of 84 strains. Ampicillin (88.10%) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (64.29%) followed them. The resistance varied between 10.71 and 59.52% against cefuroxime, kanamycin, aztreonam, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and oxacillin. The highest frequency against heavy metal salts was recorded as 74.19% against NiCl(2). The heavy metal resistance against Cu, Zn, Hg, and Cd detected as 52.38%, 46.42%, 33.33%, and 26.19%, respectively. The results showed that the occurrence of heavy metals and antibiotic sources in Sapanca Lake induced a tolerance in bacteria for the metal salts and antibiotic derivatives tested. The fluctuations in the indicator bacteria and the occurrence of pathogenic bacteria also showed the possibility that the coastal areas of Sapanca Lake had been exposed to contamination due to inadequate sewage treatment. | 2019 | 31243556 |
| 5404 | 14 | 0.9802 | Characterization of tetracycline resistance lactobacilli isolated from swine intestines at western area of Taiwan. To investigate the frequency of tetracycline resistance (Tet-R) lactobacilli in pig intestines, a total of 256 pig colons were analyzed and found to contain typical colonies of Tet-R lactic acid bacteria in every sample, ranging from 3.2 × 10(3) to 6.6 × 10(5) CFU/cm(2). From these samples, a total of 159 isolates of Tet-R lactobacilli were obtained and identified as belonging to 11 species, including Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus amylovorus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus ruminis, Lactobacillus kefiri, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus coryniformis, Lactobacillus parabuchneri and Lactobacillus letivazi. Based on the EFSA (2008) breakpoints, all isolates, after MIC analysis, were qualified as Tet-R, from which the significant high Tet-R MIC(50) and MIC(90) values indicated an ecological distribution of Tet-R lactobacilli mostly with high resistance potency in pig colons. PCR-detection identified 5 tet genes in these isolates, the most predominant one being tet (W), followed by tet (M), (L), (K), and (Q). Their detection rates were 82.0%, 22.5%, 14.4%, 8.1% and 0.9%, respectively. Noteworthily, isolates of the same species carrying identical tet gene(s) usually had a wide different MIC values. Furthermore, strain-subtyping of these isolates by REP-PCR demonstrated a notable genotypic biodiversity % (average = 62%). | 2011 | 21906691 |
| 6086 | 15 | 0.9801 | Hybrid-genome sequence analysis of Enterobacter cloacae FACU and morphological characterization: insights into a highly arsenic-resistant strain. Many organisms have adapted to survive in environments with high levels of arsenic (As), a naturally occurring metalloid with various oxidation states and a common element in human activities. These organisms employ diverse mechanisms to resist the harmful effects of arsenic compounds. Ten arsenic-resistant bacteria were isolated from contaminated wastewater in this study. The most efficient bacterial isolate able to resist 15,000 ppm Na(2)HAsO(4)·7H(2)O was identified using the 16S rRNA gene and whole genome analysis as Enterobacter cloacae FACU. The arsenic E. cloacae FACU biosorption capability was analyzed. To further unravel the genetic determinants of As stress resistance, the whole genome sequence of E. cloacae FACU was performed. The FACU complete genome sequence consists of one chromosome (5.7 Mb) and two plasmids, pENCL 1 and pENCL 2 (755,058 and 1155666 bp, respectively). 7152 CDSs were identified in the E. cloacae FACU genome. The genome consists of 130 genes for tRNA and 21 for rRNAs. The average G + C content was found to be 54%. Sequencing analysis annotated 58 genes related to resistance to many heavy metals, including 16 genes involved in arsenic efflux transporter and arsenic reduction (five arsRDABC genes) and 42 genes related to lead, zinc, mercury, nickel, silver, copper, cadmium and chromium in FACU. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed the difference between the morphological responses of the As-treated FACU compared to the control strain. The study highlights the genes involved in the mechanism of As stress resistance, metabolic pathways, and potential activity of E. cloacae FACU at the genetic level. | 2024 | 39320439 |
| 1110 | 16 | 0.9801 | Antimicrobial resistance profiling of bacteria isolated from wastewater and samples of pharmaceutical industries in South India. The study was aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance in the isolated bacteria from the influent (25), effluent (15), surface and ground water samples (15) surrounding the pharmaceutical industries located in south India. From 55 samples, 48 isolates of 10 different bacteria were obtained. The identified bacterial isolates were viz. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes, Corynebacterium sp., Acinetobacter sp., Aeromonas punctata, Ralstonia picketti, Staphylococcus aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltophillia, and Citrobacter freundii. The phenotypic profile of resistance through antibiotic susceptibility test was carried out against sixteen different antibiotics. Standard PCR technique was used for the detection of 12 resistance genes encoding carbapenems, quinoline, aminoglycoside, β-lactam belonging blaOXA-58(,)blaOXA-22(,)qnrA, qnrB, aac(6)-Ib-cr, aac (3)-XI, mec A, qepA, aadB, blaVIM, blaOXA-48 and blaNDM. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1: TN/I/2020) showed presence of 3 resistance genes. qnrB (489 bp) gene was present in maximum of 7 isolates while blaVIM (196 bp) gene was present in 6 isolates. The resistance genes blaNDM (621 bp) was present in three different isolates; aac (X):6)-lb-cr (482 bp), qepA (495 bp), aadB (500 bp), blaOXA-58 (843 bp) resistant genes were present in two different isolates each among the bacterial isolates obtained in this study. In phenotypic resistance profiling by AST method, out of 16 antibiotics tested, 14 showed resistance. Similarly, in genotypic resistance profiling, among 12 resistance genes tested, a maximum of three resistance genes were noticed in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. There were positive and negative correlations observed between phenotypic and genotypic resistance among different antibiotics and their resistance genes indicating the variations in the resistance gene expression. | 2024 | 39303927 |
| 1321 | 17 | 0.9800 | Antimicrobial Resistance and Resistance Genes in Aerobic Bacteria Isolated from Pork at Slaughter. The aim of this study was to investigate the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance, integrons, and transferability of resistance markers in 243 aerobic bacteria recovered from pork at slaughter in the People's Republic of China. The organisms belonged to 22 genera of gram-negative bacteria (92.2%) and gram-positive bacteria (7.8%). High levels of resistance were detected to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin (36.2 to 54.3%), and lower levels were detected to nitrofurantoin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol (7.8 to 29.2%). Across species, genes conferring antimicrobial resistance were observed with the following frequencies: blaTEM, 40.7%; blaCMY-2, 15.2%; blaCTX-M, 11.5%; sul2, 27.2%; sul1, 14.4%; tet(A), 5.4%; tet(L), 5.4%; tet(M), 5.0%; tet(E), 3.7%; tet(C), 3.3%; tet(S), 2.5%; and tet(K), 0.8%. Various antimicrobial resistance genes were found in new carriers: blaTEM in Lactococcus garvieae, Myroides odoratimimus, Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus sciuri, Raoultella terrigena, Macrococcus caseolyticus, Acinetobacter ursingii, Sphingobacterium sp., and Oceanobacillus sp.; blaCMY-2 in Lactococcus lactis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia marcescens, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Myroides phaeus; tet(L) in M. caseolyticus; sul1 in Vibrio cincinnatiensis; sul2 in Acinetobacter bereziniae, Acinetobacter johnsonii, and V. cincinnatiensis; and the class 1 integron and gene cassette aadA2 in V. cincinnatiensis. Approximately 6.6% of isolates contained class 1 integrons, and one isolate harbored class 2 integrons. Plasmid associated intI1 and androgen receptor- encoding genes were transferred into Escherichia coli J53 and E. coli DH5α by conjugation and transformation experiments, respectively. Our study highlights the importance of aerobic bacteria from pork as reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance genes and mobile genetic elements that can readily be transferred intra- and interspecies. | 2016 | 27052863 |
| 6154 | 18 | 0.9800 | Mechanism of arsenic resistance in endophytic bacteria isolated from endemic plant of mine tailings and their arsenophore production. Arsenic contamination is an important environmental problem around the world since its high toxicity, and bacteria resist to this element serve as valuable resource for its bioremediation. Aiming at searching the arsenic-resistant bacteria and determining their resistant mechanism, a total of 27 strains isolated from roots of Prosopis laevigata and Spharealcea angustifolia grown in a heavy metal-contaminated region in Mexico were investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and transformation abilities of arsenate (As(5+)) and arsenite (As(3+)), arsenophore synthesis, arsenate uptake, and cytoplasmatic arsenate reductase (arsC), and arsenite transporter (arsB) genes were studied for these strains. Based on these results and the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, these isolates were identified as arsenic-resistant endophytic bacteria (AREB) belonging to the genera Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Kocuria, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus. They could tolerate high concentrations of arsenic with MIC from 20 to > 100 mM for As(5+) and 10-20 mM for As(3+). Eleven isolates presented dual abilities of As(5+) reduction and As(3+) oxidation. As the most effective strains, Micrococcus luteus NE2E1 reduced 94% of the As(5+) and Pseudomonas zhaodongensis NM2E7 oxidized 46% of As(3+) under aerobic condition. About 70 and 44% of the test strains produced arsenophores to chelate As(5+) and As(3+), respectively. The AREB may absorb arsenate via the same receptor of phosphate uptake or via other way in some case. The cytoplasmic arsenate reductase and alternative arsenate reduction pathways exist in these AREB. Therefore, these AREB could be candidates for the bioremediation process. | 2018 | 29476206 |
| 5414 | 19 | 0.9800 | Genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance in Gram positive bacteria from organic foods. Bacterial biocide resistance is becoming a matter of concern. In the present study, a collection of biocide-resistant, Gram-positive bacteria from organic foods (including 11 isolates from genus Bacillus, 25 from Enterococcus and 10 from Staphylococcus) were analyzed for genes associated to biocide resistance efflux pumps and antibiotic resistance. The only qac-genes detected were qacA/B (one Bacillus cereus isolate) and smr (one B. cereus and two Staphylococcus saprophyticus isolates). Efflux pump genes efrA and efrB genes were detected in Staphylococcus (60% of isolates), Bacillus (54.54%) and Enterococcus (24%); sugE was detected in Enterococcus (20%) and in one Bacillus licheniformis; mepA was detected in Staphylococcus (60%) and in one Enterococcus isolate (which also carried mdeA), and norE gene was detected only in one Enterococcus faecium and one S. saprophyticus isolate. An amplicon for acrB efflux pump was detected in all but one isolate. When minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined, it was found that the addition of reserpine reduced the MICs by eight fold for most of the biocides and isolates, corroborating the role of efflux pumps in biocide resistance. Erythromycin resistance gene ermB was detected in 90% of Bacillus isolates, and in one Staphylococcus, while ereA was detected only in one Bacillus and one Staphyloccus, and ereB only in one Staphylococcus. The ATP-dependent msrA gene (which confers resistance to macrolides, lincosamides and type B streptogramins) was detected in 60% of Bacillus isolates and in all staphylococci, which in addition carried msrB. The lincosamide and streptogramin A resistance gene lsa was detected in Staphylococcus (40%), Bacillus (27.27%) and Enterococcus (8%) isolates. The aminoglycoside resistance determinant aph (3_)-IIIa was detected in Staphylococcus (40%) and Bacillus (one isolate), aph(2_)-1d in Bacillus (27.27%) and Enterococcus (8%), aph(2_)-Ib in Bacillus (one isolate), and the bifunctional aac(6_)1e-aph(2_)-Ia in Staphylococcus (20%), Enterococcus (8%) and Bacillus (one isolate). Chloramphenicol resistance cat gene was detected in Enterococcus (8%) and Staphylococcus (20%), and blaZ only in Staphylococcus (20%). All other antibiotic or biocide resistance genes investigated were not detected in any isolate. Isolates carrying multiple biocide and antibiotic determinants were frequent among Bacillus (36.36%) and Staphylococcus (50%), but not Enterococcus. These results suggest that biocide and antibiotic determinants may be co-selected. | 2014 | 24361832 |