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869700.9825Deciphering the Root Endosphere Microbiome of the Desert Plant Alhagi sparsifolia for Drought Resistance-Promoting Bacteria. Drought is among the most destructive abiotic stresses limiting crop growth and yield worldwide. Although most research has focused on the contribution of plant-associated microbial communities to plant growth and disease suppression, far less is known about the microbes involved in drought resistance among desert plants. In the present study, we applied 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to determine the structure of rhizosphere and root endosphere microbiomes of Alhagi sparsifolia Compared to those of the rhizosphere, endosphere microbiomes had lower diversity but contained several taxa with higher relative abundance; many of these taxa were also present in the roots of other desert plants. We isolated a Pseudomonas strain (LTGT-11-2Z) that was prevalent in root endosphere microbiomes of A. sparsifolia and promoted drought resistance during incubation with wheat. Complete genome sequencing of LTGT-11-2Z revealed 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminases, siderophore, spermidine, and colanic acid biosynthetic genes, as well as type VI secretion system (T6SS) genes, which are likely involved in biofilm formation and plant-microbe interactions. Together, these results indicate that drought-enduring plants harbor bacterial endophytes favorable to plant drought resistance, and they suggest that novel endophytic bacterial taxa and gene resources may be discovered among these desert plants.IMPORTANCE Understanding microbe-mediated plant resistance to drought is important for sustainable agriculture. We performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and culture-dependent functional analyses of Alhagi sparsifolia rhizosphere and root endosphere microbiomes and identified key endophytic bacterial taxa and their genes facilitating drought resistance in wheat. This study improves our understanding of plant drought resistance and provides new avenues for drought resistance improvement in crop plants under field conditions.202032220847
864410.9823Biotic and abiotic drivers of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and metal dynamic changes during spontaneous restoration of Pb-Zn mining wastelands. The biotic and abiotic mechanisms that drive important biogeochemical processes (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and metals dynamics) in metal mine revegetation remains elusive. Metagenomic sequencing was used to explored vegetation, soil properties, microbial communities, functional genes and their impacts on soil processes during vegetation restoration in a typical Pb-Zn mine. The results showed a clear niche differentiation between bacteria, fungi and archaea. Compared to bacteria and fungi, the archaea richness were more tightly coupled with natural restoration changes. The relative abundances of CAZyme-related, denitrification-related and metal resistance genes reduced, while nitrification, urease, inorganic phosphorus solubilisation, phosphorus transport, and phosphorus regulation -related genes increased. Redundancy analysis, hierarchical partitioning analysis, relative-importance analysis and partial least squares path modelling, indicated that archaea diversity, primarily influenced by available lead, directly impacts carbon dynamics. Functional genes, significantly affected by available cadmium, directly alter nitrogen dynamics. Additionally, pH affects phosphorus dynamics through changes in bacterial diversity, while metal dynamics are directly influenced by vegetation. These insights elucidate natural restoration mechanisms in mine and highlight the importance of archaea in soil processes.202540054196
847020.9814Genomic Insights into Vaccinium spp. Endophytes B. halotolerans and B. velezensis and Their Antimicrobial Potential. Plant microbiota contributes to nutrient absorption, and the production of hormones and vitamins, and plays a crucial role in responding to environmental stress. We hypothesized that Vaccinium spp. harbour a unique microbiota that enables them to coexist in extreme environments such as saline, nutrient-poor, and waterlogged conditions. Upon examining Bacillus spp. endophytes isolated from blueberries, cranberries and lingonberries in vitro, we identified B. halotolerans (Bil-LT1_1, Bil-LT1_2) and B. velezensis (Cran-LT1_8, Ling-NOR4_15) strains that inhibit the growth of five pathogenic fungi and five foodborne bacteria. Whole-genome sequencing provided insights into genome organization and plasticity, helping identify mobile elements and genes potentially acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Functional annotation identified genes associated with plant colonization, stress tolerance, biocontrol activity, and plant growth promotion. Comparative genomic analyses revealed key biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) responsible for producing antifungal metabolites, including lipopeptides and polyketides. Genes supporting plant nutrition, growth, and environmental adaptation were present also in these strains. Notably, isolated endophytes exhibited particularly high levels of genomic plasticity, likely due to horizontal gene transfer involving gene ontology (GO) pathways related to survival in polymicrobial and foreign environments.202540724928
864530.9814Resilience mechanisms of rhizosphere microorganisms in lead-zinc tailings: Metagenomic insights into heavy metal resistance. This study investigates the impact of heavy metal contamination in lead-zinc tailings on plant and soil microbial communities, focusing on the resilience mechanisms of rhizosphere microorganisms in these extreme environments. Utilizing metagenomic techniques, we identified a significant association between Coriaria nepalensis Wall. rhizosphere microbial communities and metal(loid) resistance genes. Our results reveal a notable diversity and abundance of bacteria within the rhizosphere of tailings, primarily consisting of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi. The presence of metal-resistant bacterial taxa, including Afipia, Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, and Miltoncostaea, indicates specific evolutionary adaptations to metal-rich, nutrient-deficient environments. Elevated expression of resistance genes such as znuD, zntA, pbrB, and pbrT underscores the microorganisms' ability to endure these harsh conditions. These resistance genes are crucial for maintaining biodiversity, ecosystem stability, and adaptability. Our findings enhance the understanding of interactions between heavy metal contamination, microbial community structure, and resistance gene dynamics in lead-zinc tailings. Additionally, this research provides a theoretical and practical foundation for employing plant-microbial synergies in the in-situ remediation of contaminated sites.202540056745
673040.9813The ecological role of bacterial seed endophytes associated with wild cabbage in the United Kingdom. Endophytic bacteria are known for their ability in promoting plant growth and defense against biotic and abiotic stress. However, very little is known about the microbial endophytes living in the spermosphere. Here, we isolated bacteria from the seeds of five different populations of wild cabbage (Brassica oleracea L) that grow within 15 km of each other along the Dorset coast in the UK. The seeds of each plant population contained a unique microbiome. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes revealed that these bacteria belong to three different phyla (Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria). Isolated endophytic bacteria were grown in monocultures or mixtures and the effects of bacterial volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on the growth and development on B. oleracea and on resistance against a insect herbivore was evaluated. Our results reveal that the VOCs emitted by the endophytic bacteria had a profound effect on plant development but only a minor effect on resistance against an herbivore of B. oleracea. Plants exposed to bacterial VOCs showed faster seed germination and seedling development. Furthermore, seed endophytic bacteria exhibited activity via volatiles against the plant pathogen F. culmorum. Hence, our results illustrate the ecological importance of the bacterial seed microbiome for host plant health and development.202031721471
866250.9813Relationships between Phyllosphere Bacterial Communities and Leaf Functional Traits in a Temperate Forest. As a vital component of biodiversity, phyllosphere bacteria in forest canopy play a critical role in maintaining plant health and influencing the global biogeochemical cycle. There is limited research on the community structure of phyllosphere bacteria in natural forests, which creates a gap in our understanding of whether and/or how phyllosphere bacteria are connected to leaf traits of their host. In this study, we investigated the bacterial diversity and composition of the canopy leaves of six dominant tree species in deciduous broad-leaved forests in northeastern China, using high-throughput sequencing. We then compare the differences in phyllosphere bacterial community structure and functional genes of dominant tree species. Fourteen key leaf functional traits of their host trees were also measured according to standard protocols to investigate the relationships between bacterial community composition and leaf functional traits. Our result suggested that tree species with closer evolutionary distances had similar phyllosphere microbial alpha diversity. The dominant phyla of phyllosphere bacteria were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes. For these six tree species, the functional genes of phyllosphere bacteria were mainly involved in amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism processes. The redundancy and envfit analysis results showed that the functional traits relating to plant nutrient acquisition and resistance to diseases and pests (such as leaf area, isotope carbon content, and copper content) were the main factors influencing the community structure of phyllosphere bacteria. This study highlights the key role of plant interspecific genetic relationships and plant attributes in shaping phyllosphere bacterial diversity.202338005751
864660.9812A Degeneration Gradient of Poplar Trees Contributes to the Taxonomic, Functional, and Resistome Diversity of Bacterial Communities in Rhizosphere Soils. Bacterial communities associated with roots influence the health and nutrition of the host plant. However, the microbiome discrepancy are not well understood under different healthy conditions. Here, we tested the hypothesis that rhizosphere soil microbial diversity and function varies along a degeneration gradient of poplar, with a focus on plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and antibiotic resistance genes. Comprehensive metagenomic analysis including taxonomic investigation, functional detection, and ARG (antibiotics resistance genes) annotation revealed that available potassium (AK) was correlated with microbial diversity and function. We proposed several microbes, Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas, Mesorhizobium, Nocardioides, Variovorax, Gemmatimonadetes, Rhizobacter, Pedosphaera, Candidatus Solibacter, Acidobacterium, and Phenylobacterium, as candidates to reflect the soil fertility and the plant health. The highest abundance of multidrug resistance genes and the four mainly microbial resistance mechanisms (antibiotic efflux, antibiotic target protection, antibiotic target alteration, and antibiotic target replacement) in healthy poplar rhizosphere, corroborated the relationship between soil fertility and microbial activity. This result suggested that healthy rhizosphere soil harbored microbes with a higher capacity and had more complex microbial interaction network to promote plant growing and reduce intracellular levels of antibiotics. Our findings suggested a correlation between the plant degeneration gradient and bacterial communities, and provided insight into the role of high-turnover microbial communities as well as potential PGPB as real-time indicators of forestry soil quality, and demonstrated the inner interaction contributed by the bacterial communities.202133810508
864070.9812Comparative genomics reveals the acquisition of mobile genetic elements by the plant growth-promoting Pantoea eucrina OB49 in polluted environments. Heavy metal-tolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) have gained popularity in bioremediation in recent years. A genome-assisted study of a heavy metal-tolerant PGPB Pantoea eucrina OB49 isolated from the rhizosphere of wheat grown on a heavy metal-contaminated site is presented. Comparative pan-genome analysis indicated that OB49 acquired heavy metal resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer. On contigs S10 and S12, OB49 has two arsRBCH operons that give arsenic resistance. On the S12 contig, an arsRBCH operon was discovered in conjunction with the merRTPCADE operon, which provides mercury resistance. P. eucrina OB49 may be involved in an ecological alternative for heavy metal remediation and growth promotion of wheat grown in metal-polluted soils. Our results suggested the detection of mobile genetic elements that harbour the ars operon and the fluoride resistance genes adjacent to the mer operon.202336792019
609080.9812Draft genome sequence of Mesorhizobium alhagi CCNWXJ12-2T, a novel salt-resistant species isolated from the desert of northwestern China. Mesorhizobium alhagi strain CCNWXJ12-2(T) is a novel species of soil-dwelling, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that can form symbiotic root nodules with Alhagi sparsifolia. Moreover, the strain has high resistance to salt and alkali. Here we report the draft genome sequence of Mesorhizobium alhagi strain CCNWXJ12-2(T). A large number of osmotic regulation-related genes have been identified.201222328758
870490.9809Unraveling nitrogen metabolism, cold and stress adaptation in polar Bosea sp. PAMC26642 through comparative genome analysis. Nitrogen metabolism, related genes, and other stress-resistance genes are poorly understood in Bosea strain. To date, most of the research work in Bosea strains has been focused on thiosulfate oxidation and arsenic reduction. This work aimed to better understand and identify genomic features that enable thiosulfate-oxidizing lichen-associated Bosea sp. PAMC26642 from the Arctic region of Svalbard, Norway, to withstand harsh environments. Comparative genomic analysis was performed using various bioinformatics tools to compare Bosea sp. PAMC26642 with other strains of the same genus, emphasizing nitrogen metabolism and stress adaptability. During genomic analysis of Bosea sp. PAMC26642, assimilatory nitrogen metabolic pathway and its associated enzymes such as nitrate reductase, NAD(P)H-nitrite reductase, ferredoxin-nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamine synthase, and glutamate dehydrogenase were identified. In addition, carbonic anhydrase, cyanate lyase, and nitronate monooxygenase were also identified. Furthermore, the strain demonstrated nitrate reduction at two different temperatures (15°C and 25°C). Enzymes associated with various stress adaptation pathways, including oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and thiol peroxidase), osmotic stress (OmpR), temperature stress (Csp and Hsp), and heavy metal resistance, were also identified. The average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) value is found to be below the threshold of 94-95%, indicating this bacterium might be a potential new species. This study is very helpful in determining the diversity of thiosulfate-oxidizing nitrate-reducing bacteria, as well as their ability to adapt to extreme environments. These bacteria can be used in the future for environmental, biotechnological, and agricultural purposes, particularly in processes involving sulfur and nitrogen transformation.202439925882
8765100.9809Pseudomonas chlororaphis IRHB3 assemblies beneficial microbes and activates JA-mediated resistance to promote nutrient utilization and inhibit pathogen attack. INTRODUCTION: The rhizosphere microbiome is critical to plant health and resistance. PGPR are well known as plant-beneficial bacteria and generally regulate nutrient utilization as well as plant responses to environmental stimuli. In our previous work, one typical PGPR strain, Pseudomonas chlororaphis IRHB3, isolated from the soybean rhizosphere, had positive impacts on soil-borne disease suppression and growth promotion in the greenhouse, but its biocontrol mechanism and application in the field are not unclear. METHODS: In the current study, IRHB3 was introduced into field soil, and its effects on the local rhizosphere microbiome, disease resistance, and soybean growth were comprehensively analyzed through high-throughput sequencing and physiological and molecular methods. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: We found that IRHB3 significantly increased the richness of the bacterial community but not the structure of the soybean rhizosphere. Functional bacteria related to phosphorus solubilization and nitrogen fixation, such as Geobacter, Geomonas, Candidatus Solibacter, Occallatibacter, and Candidatus Koribacter, were recruited in rich abundance by IRHB3 to the soybean rhizosphere as compared to those without IRHB3. In addition, the IRHB3 supplement obviously maintained the homeostasis of the rhizosphere microbiome that was disturbed by F. oxysporum, resulting in a lower disease index of root rot when compared with F. oxysporum. Furthermore, JA-mediated induced resistance was rapidly activated by IRHB3 following PDF1.2 and LOX2 expression, and meanwhile, a set of nodulation genes, GmENOD40b, GmNIN-2b, and GmRIC1, were also considerably induced by IRHB3 to improve nitrogen fixation ability and promote soybean yield, even when plants were infected by F. oxysporum. Thus, IRHB3 tends to synergistically interact with local rhizosphere microbes to promote host growth and induce host resistance in the field.202438380096
8705110.9808Culturable Bacterial Endophytes of Wild White Poplar (Populus alba L.) Roots: A First Insight into Their Plant Growth-Stimulating and Bioaugmentation Potential. The white poplar (Populus alba L.) has good potential for a green economy and phytoremediation. Bioaugmentation using endophytic bacteria can be considered as a safe strategy to increase poplar productivity and its resistance to toxic urban conditions. The aim of our work was to find the most promising strains of bacterial endophytes to enhance the growth of white poplar in unfavorable environmental conditions. To this end, for the first time, we performed whole-genome sequencing of 14 bacterial strains isolated from the tissues of the roots of white poplar in different geographical locations. We then performed a bioinformatics search to identify genes that may be useful for poplar growth and resistance to environmental pollutants and pathogens. Almost all endophytic bacteria obtained from white poplar roots are new strains of known species belonging to the genera Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Kocuria, Micrococcus, Peribacillus, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus. The genomes of the strains contain genes involved in the enhanced metabolism of nitrogen, phosphorus, and metals, the synthesis of valuable secondary metabolites, and the detoxification of heavy metals and organic pollutants. All the strains are able to grow on media without nitrogen sources, which indicates their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen. It is concluded that the strains belonging to the genus Pseudomonas and bacteria of the species Kocuria rosea have the best poplar growth-stimulating and bioaugmentation potential, and the roots of white poplar are a valuable source for isolation of endophytic bacteria for possible application in ecobiotechnology.202338132345
8651120.9807Repercussions of Prolonged Pesticide Use on Natural Soil Microbiome Dynamics Using Metagenomics Approach. The residual pesticides in soil can affect the natural microbiome composition and genetic profile that drive nutrient cycling and soil fertility. In the present study, metagenomic approach was leveraged to determine modulations in nutrient cycling and microbial composition along with connected nexus of pesticide, antibiotic, and heavy metal resistance in selected crop and fallow soils having history of consistent pesticide applications. GC-MS analysis estimated residuals of chlorpyrifos, hexachlorbenzene, and dieldrin showing persistent nature of pesticides that pose selective pressure for microbial adaptation. Taxonomic profiling showed increased abundance of pesticide degrading Streptomyces, Xanthomonas, Cupriavidus, and Pseudomonas across the selected soils. Genes encoding for pesticide degrading cytochrome p450, organophosphorus hydrolase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and oxidase were predominant and positively correlated with Bacillus, Sphingobium, and Burkholderia. Nitrogen-fixing genes (nifH, narB, and nir) were relatively less abundant in crop soils, correlating to the decrease in nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Anabaena, Pantoea, and Azotobacter). Microbial enzymes involved in carbon (pfkA, gap, pgi, and tpiA) and phosphorus cycle (gmbh and phnJ) were significantly higher in crop soils indicating extensive utilization of pesticide residuals as a nutrient source by the indigenous soil microbiota. Additionally, presence of antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes suggested potential cross-resistance under pressure from pesticide residues. The results implied selective increase in pesticide degrading microbes with decrease in beneficial bacteria that resulted in reduced soil health and fertility. The assessment of agricultural soil microbial profile will provide a framework to develop sustainable agriculture practices to conserve soil health and fertility.202539096471
8706130.9806Analysis of 16S rRNA and mxaF genes revealing insights into Methylobacterium niche-specific plant association. The genus Methylobacterium comprises pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophic (PPFM) bacteria, known to be an important plant-associated bacterial group. Species of this group, described as plant-nodulating, have the dual capacity of producing cytokinin and enzymes, such as pectinase and cellulase, involved in systemic resistance induction and nitrogen fixation under specific plant environmental conditions. The aim hereby was to evaluate the phylogenetic distribution of Methylobacterium spp. isolates from different host plants. Thus, a comparative analysis between sequences from structural (16S rRNA) and functional mxaF (which codifies for a subunit of the enzyme methanol dehydrogenase) ubiquitous genes, was undertaken. Notably, some Methylobacterium spp. isolates are generalists through colonizing more than one host plant, whereas others are exclusively found in certain specific plant-species. Congruency between phylogeny and specific host inhabitance was higher in the mxaF gene than in the 16S rRNA, a possible indication of function-based selection in this niche. Therefore, in a first stage, plant colonization by Methylobacterium spp. could represent generalist behavior, possibly related to microbial competition and adaptation to a plant environment. Otherwise, niche-specific colonization is apparently impelled by the host plant.201222481887
6089140.9806Genomic analyses of metal resistance genes in three plant growth promoting bacteria of legume plants in Northwest mine tailings, China. To better understand the diversity of metal resistance genetic determinant from microbes that survived at metal tailings in northwest of China, a highly elevated level of heavy metal containing region, genomic analyses was conducted using genome sequence of three native metal-resistant plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). It shows that: Mesorhizobium amorphae CCNWGS0123 contains metal transporters from P-type ATPase, CDF (Cation Diffusion Facilitator), HupE/UreJ and CHR (chromate ion transporter) family involved in copper, zinc, nickel as well as chromate resistance and homeostasis. Meanwhile, the putative CopA/CueO system is expected to mediate copper resistance in Sinorhizobium meliloti CCNWSX0020 while ZntA transporter, assisted with putative CzcD, determines zinc tolerance in Agrobacterium tumefaciens CCNWGS0286. The greenhouse experiment provides the consistent evidence of the plant growth promoting effects of these microbes on their hosts by nitrogen fixation and/or indoleacetic acid (IAA) secretion, indicating a potential in-site phytoremediation usage in the mining tailing regions of China.201525597676
8714150.9806Tales from the tomb: the microbial ecology of exposed rock surfaces. Although a broad diversity of eukaryotic and bacterial taxa reside on rock surfaces where they can influence the weathering of rocks and minerals, these communities and their contributions to mineral weathering remain poorly resolved. To build a more comprehensive understanding of the diversity, ecology and potential functional attributes of microbial communities living on rock, we sampled 149 tombstones across three continents and analysed their bacterial and eukaryotic communities via marker gene and shotgun metagenomic sequencing. We found that geographic location and climate were important factors structuring the composition of these communities. Moreover, the tombstone-associated microbial communities varied as a function of rock type, with granite and limestone tombstones from the same cemeteries harbouring taxonomically distinct microbial communities. The granite and limestone-associated communities also had distinct functional attributes, with granite-associated bacteria having more genes linked to acid tolerance and chemotaxis, while bacteria on limestone were more likely to be lichen associated and have genes involved in photosynthesis and radiation resistance. Together these results indicate that rock-dwelling microbes exhibit adaptations to survive the stresses of the rock surface, differ based on location, climate and rock type, and seem pre-disposed to different ecological strategies (symbiotic versus free-living lifestyles) depending on the rock type.201829235707
6968160.9805Does Plant Identity Affect the Dispersal of Resistomes Above and Below Ground? Resistomes are ubiquitous in natural environments. Previous studies have shown that both the plant phyllosphere and soil-borne nematodes were reservoirs of above- and below-ground resistomes, respectively. However, the influence of plant identity on soil, nematode, and phyllosphere resistomes remains unclear. Here, a microcosm experiment was used to explore the characteristics of bacterial communities and resistomes in soil, nematode, and phyllosphere associated with six different plant identities (Lactuca sativa, Cichorium endivia, Allium fistulosum, Coriandrum sativum, Raphanus sativus, and Mesembryanthemum crystallinum). A total of 222 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and 7 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected by high-throughput quantitative PCR from all samples. Plant identity not only significantly affected the diversity of resistomes in soil, nematode, and phyllosphere but also influenced the abundance of resistomes in nematodes. Shared bacteria and resistomes indicated a possible pathway of resistomes transfer through the soil-nematode-phyllosphere system. Structural equation models revealed that plant identity had no direct effect on phyllosphere ARGs, but altered indirectly through complex above- and below-ground interactions (soil-plant-nematode trophic transfer). Results also showed that bacteria and MGEs were key factors driving the above- and below-ground flow of resistomes. The study extends our knowledge about the top-down and bottom-up dispersal patterns of resistomes.202235917301
8647170.9805Eco-evolutionary strategies for relieving carbon limitation under salt stress differ across microbial clades. With the continuous expansion of saline soils under climate change, understanding the eco-evolutionary tradeoff between the microbial mitigation of carbon limitation and the maintenance of functional traits in saline soils represents a significant knowledge gap in predicting future soil health and ecological function. Through shotgun metagenomic sequencing of coastal soils along a salinity gradient, we show contrasting eco-evolutionary directions of soil bacteria and archaea that manifest in changes to genome size and the functional potential of the soil microbiome. In salt environments with high carbon requirements, bacteria exhibit reduced genome sizes associated with a depletion of metabolic genes, while archaea display larger genomes and enrichment of salt-resistance, metabolic, and carbon-acquisition genes. This suggests that bacteria conserve energy through genome streamlining when facing salt stress, while archaea invest in carbon-acquisition pathways to broaden their resource usage. These findings suggest divergent directions in eco-evolutionary adaptations to soil saline stress amongst microbial clades and serve as a foundation for understanding the response of soil microbiomes to escalating climate change.202439019914
6439180.9805A review: Marine aquaculture impacts marine microbial communities. Marine aquaculture is key for protein production but disrupts marine ecosystems by releasing excess feed and pharmaceuticals, thus affecting marine microbes. Though vital, its environmental impact often remains overlooked. This article delves into mariculture's effects on marine microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and antibiotic-resistance genes in seawater and sediments. It highlights how different mariculture practices-open, pond, and cage culture-affect these microbial communities. Mariculture's release of nutrients, antibiotics, and heavy metals alters the microbial composition, diversity, and functions. Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture, a promising sustainable approach, is still developing and needs refinement. A deep understanding of mariculture's impact on microbial ecosystems is crucial to minimize pollution and foster sustainable practices, paving the way for the industry's sustainable advancement.202438919720
8767190.9805Poly-γ-glutamic acid enhanced the drought resistance of maize by improving photosynthesis and affecting the rhizosphere microbial community. BACKGROUND: Compared with other abiotic stresses, drought stress causes serious crop yield reductions. Poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA), as an environmentally friendly biomacromolecule, plays an important role in plant growth and regulation. RESULTS: In this project, the effect of exogenous application of γ-PGA on drought tolerance of maize (Zea mays. L) and its mechanism were studied. Drought dramatically inhibited the growth and development of maize, but the exogenous application of γ-PGA significantly increased the dry weight of maize, the contents of ABA, soluble sugar, proline, and chlorophyll, and the photosynthetic rate under severe drought stress. RNA-seq data showed that γ-PGA may enhance drought resistance in maize by affecting the expression of ABA biosynthesis, signal transduction, and photosynthesis-related genes and other stress-responsive genes, which was also confirmed by RT-PCR and promoter motif analysis. In addition, diversity and structure analysis of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community demonstrated that γ-PGA enriched plant growth promoting bacteria such as Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Alphaproteobacteria and Deltaproteobacteria. Moreover, γ-PGA significantly improved root development, urease activity and the ABA contents of maize rhizospheric soil under drought stress. This study emphasized the possibility of using γ-PGA to improve crop drought resistance and the soil environment under drought conditions and revealed its preliminary mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: Exogenous application of poly-γ-glutamic acid could significantly enhance the drought resistance of maize by improving photosynthesis, and root development and affecting the rhizosphere microbial community.202234979944