# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 2492 | 0 | 0.9929 | Mobile Tigecycline Resistance: An Emerging Health Catastrophe Requiring Urgent One Health Global Intervention. Mobile tigecycline resistance (MTR) threatens the clinical efficacy of the salvage antibiotic, tigecycline (TIG) used in treating deadly infections in humans caused by superbugs (multidrug-, extensively drug-, and pandrug-resistant bacteria), including carbapenem- and colistin-resistant bacteria. Currently, non-mobile tet(X) and mobile plasmid-mediated transmissible tet(X) and resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pump tmexCD-toprJ genes, conferring high-level TIG (HLT) resistance have been detected in humans, animals, and environmental ecosystems. Given the increasing rate of development and spread of plasmid-mediated resistance against the two last-resort antibiotics, colistin (COL) and TIG, there is a need to alert the global community on the emergence and spread of plasmid-mediated HLT resistance and the need for nations, especially developing countries, to increase their antimicrobial stewardship. Justifiably, MTR spread projects One Health ramifications and portends a monumental threat to global public and animal health, which could lead to outrageous health and economic impact due to limited options for therapy. To delve more into this very important subject matter, this current work will discuss why MTR is an emerging health catastrophe requiring urgent One Health global intervention, which has been constructed as follows: (a) antimicrobial activity of TIG; (b) mechanism of TIG resistance; (c) distribution, reservoirs, and traits of MTR gene-harboring isolates; (d) causes of MTR development; (e) possible MTR gene transfer mode and One Health implication; and (f) MTR spread and mitigating strategies. | 2022 | 35979498 |
| 8175 | 1 | 0.9924 | Role of Nanocarrier Systems in Drug Delivery for Overcoming Multi-Drug Resistance in Bacteria. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have risen alarmingly in the last few decades, posing a serious threat to human health. The need for effective bacterial resistance treatment is urgent and unmet due to the rise in morbidity and mortality that has coincided with the prevalence of infections caused by MDR bacteria. Using its creative and unconventional methods, effective antibiotics for MDR bacteria could be developed using nanomedicine techniques. To combat microbial resistance, a number of strategies have been developed, including the use of natural bactericides, the introduction of fresh antibiotics, the application of combination therapy and the creation of NP-based antibiotic nanocarriers. The absence of novel antibacterial agents has worsened the situation for MDR bacteria. Ineffective antibiotics used to treat MDR bacteria also contribute to the bacteria's tolerance growing. Nanoparticles (NPs) are the most efficient method for eliminating MDR bacteria because they serve as both carriers of natural antibiotics and antimicrobials and active agents against bacteria. Additionally, surface engineering of nanocarriers has important benefits for focusing on and modifying a variety of resistance mechanisms. The use of nanocarrier systems in drug delivery for overcoming bacterial resistance is covered in this review along with various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. | 2023 | 37480270 |
| 9808 | 2 | 0.9924 | Understanding Recent Developments in Colistin Resistance: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Future Perspectives. Colistin resistance, driven by chromosomal mutations and the spread of plasmid-mediated MCR genes, has emerged as a critical challenge in combating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. This resistance compromises the efficacy of colistin, leading to higher treatment failure rates, prolonged hospitalizations, and increased mortality. Recent studies have highlighted key mechanisms, including lipid A modifications, that enable bacteria to evade colistin's effects. The global spread of MCR genes exacerbates the issue, underlining the need for improved diagnostics and rapid detection of resistant strains to prevent adverse patient outcomes. To combat this growing threat, a multifaceted approach is essential, involving enhanced antimicrobial stewardship, stricter infection control measures, and continued research into alternative therapies and diagnostic methods. Collaborative efforts from researchers, healthcare providers, policymakers, and the pharmaceutical industry are crucial to preserving colistin's effectiveness and mitigating the broader impact on public health. | 2025 | 41148650 |
| 6616 | 3 | 0.9923 | The menace of colistin resistance across globe: Obstacles and opportunities in curbing its spread. Colistin-resistance in bacteria is a big concern for public health, since it is a last resort antibiotic to treat infectious diseases of multidrug resistant and carbapenem resistant Gram-negative pathogens in clinical settings. The emergence of colistin resistance in aquaculture and poultry settings has escalated the risks associated with colistin resistance in environment as well. The staggering number of reports pertaining to the rise of colistin resistance in bacteria from clinical and non-clinical settings is disconcerting. The co-existence of colistin resistant genes with other antibiotic resistant genes introduces new challenges in combatting antimicrobial resistance. Some countries have banned the manufacture, sale and distribution of colistin and its formulations for food producing animals. However, to tackle the issue of antimicrobial resistance, a one health approach initiative, inclusive of human, animal, and environmental health needs to be developed. Herein, we review the recent reports in colistin resistance in bacteria of clinical and non-clinical settings, deliberating on the new findings obtained regarding the development of colistin resistance. This review also discusses the initiatives implemented globally in mitigating colistin resistance, their strength and weakness. | 2023 | 36812837 |
| 4880 | 4 | 0.9923 | Molecular mechanisms of tigecycline-resistance among Enterobacterales. The global emergence of antimicrobial resistance to multiple antibiotics has recently become a significant concern. Gram-negative bacteria, known for their ability to acquire mobile genetic elements such as plasmids, represent one of the most hazardous microorganisms. This phenomenon poses a serious threat to public health. Notably, the significance of tigecycline, a member of the antibiotic group glycylcyclines and derivative of tetracyclines has increased. Tigecycline is one of the last-resort antimicrobial drugs used to treat complicated infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria or even pan-drug-resistant (PDR) bacteria. The primary mechanisms of tigecycline resistance include efflux pumps' overexpression, tet genes and outer membrane porins. Efflux pumps are crucial in conferring multi-drug resistance by expelling antibiotics (such as tigecycline by direct expelling) and decreasing their concentration to sub-toxic levels. This review discusses the problem of tigecycline resistance, and provides important information for understanding the existing molecular mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in Enterobacterales. The emergence and spread of pathogens resistant to last-resort therapeutic options stands as a major global healthcare concern, especially when microorganisms are already resistant to carbapenems and/or colistin. | 2024 | 38655285 |
| 6617 | 5 | 0.9922 | Mechanisms in colistin-resistant superbugs transmissible from veterinary, livestock and animal food products to humans. In the era of antibiotic resistance, where multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug resistant (XDR), and pan-drug resistant (PDR) Gram-negative infections are prevalent, it is crucial to identify the primary sources of antibiotic resistance, understand resistant mechanisms, and develop strategies to combat these mechanisms. The emergence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics like colistin has sparked a war between humanity and resistant bacteria, leaving humanity struggling to find effective countermeasures. Although colistin is used as a highly toxic antibiotic in infections that are not treated with routine antibiotics, its widespread use in animal breeding and veterinary medicine has contributed to the spread of colistin-resistant bacteria, plasmid-borne colistin resistance genes (mcr), and antibiotic residues in livestock and animal-derived foods. These sources can potentially transmit colistin resistance to humans through various routes. Therefore, managing the use of colistin in livestock and animal foods, implementing strict monitoring, and establishing guidelines for its proper use are essential to prevent the escalation of colistin resistance. This review article discusses the latest mechanisms of colistin antibiotic resistance, particularly biofilm production as a public health threat, the livestock and animal food sources of this resistance, and the routes of transmission to humans. | 2025 | 40386099 |
| 4850 | 6 | 0.9922 | Antimicrobial Resistance in Romania: Updates on Gram-Negative ESCAPE Pathogens in the Clinical, Veterinary, and Aquatic Sectors. Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and members of the Enterobacterales order are a challenging multi-sectorial and global threat, being listed by the WHO in the priority list of pathogens requiring the urgent discovery and development of therapeutic strategies. We present here an overview of the antibiotic resistance profiles and epidemiology of Gram-negative pathogens listed in the ESCAPE group circulating in Romania. The review starts with a discussion of the mechanisms and clinical significance of Gram-negative bacteria, the most frequent genetic determinants of resistance, and then summarizes and discusses the epidemiological studies reported for A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, and Enterobacterales-resistant strains circulating in Romania, both in hospital and veterinary settings and mirrored in the aquatic environment. The Romanian landscape of Gram-negative pathogens included in the ESCAPE list reveals that all significant, clinically relevant, globally spread antibiotic resistance genes and carrying platforms are well established in different geographical areas of Romania and have already been disseminated beyond clinical settings. | 2023 | 37175597 |
| 9746 | 7 | 0.9921 | Fluoroamphiphilic polymers exterminate multidrug-resistant Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens while attenuating drug resistance. ESKAPE pathogens are a panel of most recalcitrant bacteria that could "escape" the treatment of antibiotics and exhibit high incidence of drug resistance. The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) ESKAPE pathogens (particularly Gram-negative bacteria) accounts for high risk of mortality and increased resource utilization in health care. Worse still, there has been no new class of antibiotics approved for exterminating the Gram-negative bacteria for more than 50 years. Therefore, it is urgent to develop novel antibacterial agents with low resistance and potent killing efficacy against Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens. Herein, we present a class of fluoropolymers by mimicking the amphiphilicity of cationic antimicrobial peptides. Our optimal fluoroamphiphilic polymer (PD(45)HF(5)) displayed selective antimicrobial ability for all MDR Gram-negative ESAKPE pathogens, low resistance, high in vitro cell selectivity, and in vivo curative efficacy. These findings implied great potential of fluoroamphiphilic cationic polymers as promising antibacterial agents against MDR Gram-negative ESKAPE bacteria and alleviating antibiotic resistance. | 2024 | 39196947 |
| 9793 | 8 | 0.9921 | Recent Review on Subclass B1 Metallo-β-lactamases Inhibitors: Sword for Antimicrobial Resistance. An emerging crisis of antibiotic resistance for microbial pathogens is alarming all the nations, posing a global threat to human health. The production of the metalloβ-lactamase enzyme is the most powerful strategy of bacteria to produce resistance. An efficient way to combat this global health threat is the development of broad/non-specific type of metalloβ-lactamase inhibitors, which can inhibit the different isoforms of the enzyme. Till date, there are no clinically active drugs against metallo- β-lactamase. The lack of efficient drug molecules against MBLs carrying bacteria requires continuous research efforts to overcome the problem of multidrug-resistance bacteria. The present review will discuss the clinically potent molecules against different variants of B1 metalloβ-lactamase. | 2019 | 30556502 |
| 8158 | 9 | 0.9920 | Nanobioconjugates: Weapons against Antibacterial Resistance. The increase in drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria is emerging as a global threat as we swiftly edge toward the postantibiotic era. Nanobioconjugates have gained tremendous attention to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and biofilms due to their tunable physicochemical properties, drug targeting ability, enhanced uptake, and alternate mechanisms of drug action. In this review, we highlight the recent advances made in the use of nanobioconjugates to combat antibacterial resistance and provide crucial insights for designing nanomaterials that can serve as antibacterial agents for nanotherapeutics, nanocargos for targeted antibiotic delivery, or both. Also discussed are different strategies for treating robust biofilms formed by bacteria. | 2020 | 35019602 |
| 4889 | 10 | 0.9920 | The Challenge of Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance in Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria: "Attack on Titan". The global burden of bacterial resistance remains one of the most serious public health concerns. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in critically ill patients require immediate empirical treatment, which may not only be ineffective due to the resistance of MDR bacteria to multiple classes of antibiotics, but may also contribute to the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Both the WHO and the ECDC consider carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) to be the highest priority. The ability to form biofilm and the acquisition of multiple drug resistance genes, in particular to carbapenems, have made these pathogens particularly difficult to treat. They are a growing cause of healthcare-associated infections and a significant threat to public health, associated with a high mortality rate. Moreover, co-colonization with these pathogens in critically ill patients was found to be a significant predictor for in-hospital mortality. Importantly, they have the potential to spread resistance using mobile genetic elements. Given the current situation, it is clear that finding new ways to combat antimicrobial resistance can no longer be delayed. The aim of this review was to evaluate the literature on how these pathogens contribute to the global burden of AMR. The review also highlights the importance of the rational use of antibiotics and the need to implement antimicrobial stewardship principles to prevent the transmission of drug-resistant organisms in healthcare settings. Finally, the review discusses the advantages and limitations of alternative therapies for the treatment of infections caused by these "titans" of antibiotic resistance. | 2023 | 37630472 |
| 2517 | 11 | 0.9920 | The Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae: The Impact and Evolution of a Global Menace. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are a serious public health threat. Infections due to these organisms are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Mechanisms of drug resistance in gram-negative bacteria (GNB) are numerous; β-lactamase genes carried on mobile genetic elements are a key mechanism for the rapid spread of antibiotic-resistant GNB worldwide. Transmissible carbapenem-resistance in Enterobacteriaceae has been recognized for the last 2 decades, but global dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is a more recent problem that, once initiated, has been occurring at an alarming pace. In this article, we discuss the evolution of CRE, with a focus on the epidemiology of the CPE pandemic; review risk factors for colonization and infection with the most common transmissible CPE worldwide, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae; and present strategies used to halt the striking spread of these deadly pathogens. | 2017 | 28375512 |
| 8176 | 12 | 0.9920 | Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria Through Antibiotics Delivery in Surface-Engineered Nano-Cargos: Recent Developments for Future Nano-Antibiotics. In the recent few decades, the increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has reached an alarming rate and caused serious health problems. The incidence of infections due to MDR bacteria has been accompanied by morbidity and mortality; therefore, tackling bacterial resistance has become an urgent and unmet challenge to be properly addressed. The field of nanomedicine has the potential to design and develop efficient antimicrobials for MDR bacteria using its innovative and alternative approaches. The uniquely constructed nano-sized antimicrobials have a predominance over traditional antibiotics because their small size helps them in better interaction with bacterial cells. Moreover, surface engineering of nanocarriers offers significant advantages of targeting and modulating various resistance mechanisms, thus owe superior qualities for overcoming bacterial resistance. This review covers different mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, application of nanocarrier systems in drug delivery, functionalization of nanocarriers, application of functionalized nanocarriers for overcoming bacterial resistance, possible limitations of nanocarrier-based approach for antibacterial delivery, and future of surface-functionalized antimicrobial delivery systems. | 2021 | 34307323 |
| 4881 | 13 | 0.9920 | Investigating colistin drug resistance: The role of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics. Bacterial infections involving antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria continue to increase and represent a major global public health concern. Resistance to antibiotics in these bacteria is mediated by chromosomal and/or acquired resistance mechanisms, these give rise to multi-drug resistant (MDR), extensive-drug resistant (XDR) or pan-drug resistant (PDR) bacterial strains. Most recently, plasmid-mediated resistance to colistin, an antibiotic that had been set apart as the last resort antibiotic in the treatment of infections involving MDR, XDR and PDR gram-negative bacteria has been reported. Plasmid-mediated colistin resistant gram-negative bacteria have been described to be PDR, implying a state devoid of alternative antibiotic therapeutic options. This review concisely describes the evolution of antibiotic resistance to plasmid-mediated colistin resistance and discusses the potential role of high-throughput sequencing technologies, genomics, and bioinformatics towards improving antibiotic resistance surveillance, the search for novel drug targets and precision antibiotic therapy focused at combating colistin resistance, and antibiotic resistance as a whole. | 2019 | 31354944 |
| 4878 | 14 | 0.9919 | Bacteria carrying mobile colistin resistance genes and their control measures, an updated review. The plasmid encoded mobile colistin resistance (MCRs) enzyme poses a significant challenge to the clinical efficacy of colistin, which is frequently employed as a last resort antibiotic for treating infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria. This transferase catalyzes the addition of positively charged phosphoethanolamine to lipid A of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, thereby facilitating the acquired colistin resistance. This review aims to summarize and critically discuss recent advancements in the distribution and pathogenesis of mcr-positive bacteria, as well as the various control measures available for treating these infections. In addition, the ecology of mcr genes, colistin-resistance mechanism, co-existence with other antibiotic resistant genes, and their impact on clinical treatment are also analyzed to address the colistin resistance crisis. These insights provide a comprehensive perspective on MCRs and serve as a valuable reference for future therapeutic approaches to effectively combat mcr-positive bacterial infections. | 2024 | 39516398 |
| 4870 | 15 | 0.9919 | Emergent Polymyxin Resistance: End of an Era? Until recently, the polymyxin antibiotics were sparingly used due to dose limiting toxicities. However, the lack of therapeutic alternatives for infections caused by highly resistant Gram-negative bacteria has led to the increased use of the polymyxins. Unfortunately, in the last decade the world has witnessed increased rates of polymyxin resistance, which is likely in part due to its irrational use in human and veterinary medicine. The spread of polymyxin-resistance has been aided by the dissemination of the transferable polymyxin-resistance gene, mcr, in humans and the environment. The mortality of colistin-resistant bacteria infections varies in different reports. However, poor clinical outcome was associated with prior colistin treatment, illness severity, complications and multidrug resistance. Detection of polymyxin-resistance in the clinic is possible through multiple robust and practical tests including broth microdilution susceptibility testing, chromogenic agar testing, and molecular biology assays. There are multiple risk factors that increase a person's risk for infection with a polymyxin-resistant bacteria including age, prior colistin treatment, hospitalization and ventilator support. For patients that are determined to be infected by polymyxin-resistant bacteria, various antibiotic treatment options currently exist. The rising trend of polymyxin-resistance threatens patient care and warrants an effective control. | 2019 | 31420655 |
| 4866 | 16 | 0.9919 | Resistance to polymyxins in Gram-negative organisms. Polymyxins have recently been re-introduced into the therapeutic arsenal to combat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, the emergence of strains resistant to these last-resort drugs is becoming a critical issue in a growing number of countries. Both intrinsic and transferable mechanisms of polymyxin resistance have been characterised. These mechanisms as well as the epidemiological data regarding four relevant bacterial pathogens (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) are considered in this review. A special focus is made on plasmid-mediated resistance and the spread of mcr genes. | 2017 | 28163137 |
| 4884 | 17 | 0.9919 | Multidrug resistance efflux pump expression in uropathogenic Gram-negative bacteria in organ transplant recipients. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in healthcare settings and communities; and are predominantly caused by Gram-negative bacteria, which account for > 70% of UTI cases. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most common bacterial agents responsible for UTIs. The emergence of antibiotic resistance poses a challenge for UTI treatment; and efflux pump overexpression contributes to Gram-negative bacterial resistance. This comprehensive review summarizes the current understanding of multidrug resistance (MDR) efflux pump expression in prevalent Gram-negative bacteria that demonstrate resistance to antibiotics predominantly used for UTI treatment. This review examines the available data, and offers insights into the role of efflux pumps in conferring MDR to UTI-causing bacteria. Understanding these resistance mechanisms is crucial for developing effective strategies to combat antibiotic resistance in UTI management. Furthermore, this review emphasizes the need to characterize efflux pump-mediated antimicrobial resistance in solid organ transplantation cases. Solid organ transplant recipients are particularly vulnerable to UTIs caused by MDR bacteria, posing a serious threat to their health and recovery. Identifying the efflux pump profiles of these bacterial strains can guide appropriate antibiotic choices and optimize treatment outcomes in transplant recipients. By consolidating existing knowledge on efflux pump expression in antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria associated with UTIs, this review acknowledges gaps and identifies the future scope of research that should address the growing challenge of MDR UTIs, particularly in high-risk populations such as solid organ transplant recipients. | 2025 | 40452526 |
| 4894 | 18 | 0.9918 | Do we need new antibiotics? For several years, alarmist articles both in mass media and in the scientific community have reported an increase in antibiotic resistance, even citing an inability to treat patients infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) responsible for high mortality worldwide. In this review we summarize and discuss the key points associated with the reality of (i) the existence of pandrug-resistant bacteria, (ii) the increase of resistance worldwide, (iii) the link between resistance and death, and (iv) the need to develop new antibiotics. Data on antibiotic resistance in Europe for the main bacteria associated with invasive infections apparently demonstrate that apart from Klebsiella pneumoniae, which is resistant to carbapenems in three countries (Romania, Italy and Greece), the level of resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics (defined as MDR phenotype) has remained low and stable over the last 5 years and that therapeutic options exist both for reference antibiotics and for old antibiotics. The clinical outcome of patients infected by MDR bacteria remains controversial and death rates attributable to MDR bacteria versus non-MDR bacteria are still debated. The arsenal of antibiotics currently available (including 'old antibiotics') suffices for facing the waves of emergence of new bacterial resistance and should be considered as a World Heritage. This heritage should be managed in a non-profit model with international regulatory approval. | 2016 | 27021418 |
| 4873 | 19 | 0.9918 | Farm animals and aquaculture: significant reservoirs of mobile colistin resistance genes. Colistin resistance has attracted substantial attention after colistin was considered as a last-resort drug for the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant and/or multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria in clinical settings. However, with the discovery of highly mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes, colistin resistance has become an increasingly urgent issue worldwide. Despite many reviews, which summarized the prevalence, mechanisms, and structures of these genes in bacteria of human and animal origin, studies on the prevalence of mobile colistin resistance genes in aquaculture and their transmission between animals and humans remain scarce. Herein, we review recent reports on the prevalence of colistin resistance genes in animals, especially wildlife and aquaculture, and their possibility of transmission to humans via the food chain. This review also gives some insights into the routine surveillance, changing policy and replacement of polymyxins by polymyxin derivatives, molecular inhibitors, and traditional Chinese medicine to tackle colistin resistance. | 2020 | 32114703 |