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81000.8796Draft genome sequencing and functional annotation and characterization of biofilm-producing bacterium Bacillus novalis PD1 isolated from rhizospheric soil. Biofilm forming bacterium Bacillus novalis PD1 was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of a paddy field. B. novalis PD1 is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, slightly curved, round-ended, and spore-forming bacteria. The isolate B. novalis PD1 shares 98.45% similarity with B. novalis KB27B. B. vireti LMG21834 and B. drentensis NBRC 102,427 are the closest phylogenetic neighbours for B. novalis PD1. The draft genome RAST annotation showed a linear chromosome with 4,569,088 bp, encoding 6139 coding sequences, 70 transfer RNA (tRNA), and 11 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The genomic annotation of biofilm forming B. novalis PD1(> 3.6@OD(595nm)) showed the presence of exopolysaccharide-forming genes (ALG, PSL, and PEL) as well as other biofilm-related genes (comER, Spo0A, codY, sinR, TasA, sipW, degS, and degU). Antibiotic inactivation gene clusters (ANT (6)-I, APH (3')-I, CatA15/A16 family), efflux pumps conferring antibiotic resistance genes (BceA, BceB, MdtABC-OMF, MdtABC-TolC, and MexCD-OprJ), and secondary metabolites linked to phenazine, terpene, and beta lactone gene clusters are part of the genome.202134537868
608310.8766Bioactivity and genome analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GL18 isolated from the rhizosphere of Kobresia myosuroides in an alpine meadow. The unique eco-environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau breeds abundant microbial resources. In this research, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GL18, isolated from the rhizosphere of Kobresia myosuroides from an alpine meadow, and the antagonistic activity, bacteriostatic hydrolase activity, and low temperature, salt, and drought resistance of it were determined and analysed. The seedlings of Avena sativa were root-irrigated using bacteria suspensions (cell concentration 1 × 10(7) cfu/mL) of GL18, and the growth-promoting effect of GL18 on it was determined under cold, salt and drought stress, respectively. The whole genome of GL18 was sequenced, and its functional genes were analysed. GL18 presented significant antagonistic activity to Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger (inhibition zone diameter > 17 mm). Transparent zones formed on four hydrolase detection media, indicating that GL18 secreted cellulase, protease, pectinase and β-1,3-glucanase. GL18 tolerated conditions of 10 °C, 11% NaCl and 15% PEG-6000, presenting cold, salt and drought resistance. GL18 improved the cold, salt and drought tolerance of A. sativa and it showed significant growth effects under different stress. The total length of the GL18 genome was 3,915,550 bp, and the number of coding DNA sequence was 3726. Compared with the clusters of orthologous groups of proteins, gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes databases, 3088, 2869 and 2357 functional genes were annotated, respectively. GL18 contained gene clusters related to antibacterial substances, functional genes related to the synthesis of plant growth-promoting substances, and encoding genes related to stress resistance. This study identified an excellent Bacillus strain and provided a theoretical basis for improving stress resistance and promoting the growth of herbages under abiotic stress.202438189906
178620.8764Correlation analysis of whole genome sequencing of a pathogenic Escherichia coli strain of Inner Mongolian origin. Anal swabs of 1-month-old Holstein calves with diarrhea were collected from an intensive cattle farm, and a highly pathogenic Escherichia coli strain was obtained by isolation and purification. To study the virulence and resistance genes of pathogenic E. coli that cause diarrhea in calves, a strain of E. coli E12 isolated from calf diarrhea samples was used as experimental material in this experiment, and the virulence of the E12 strain were identified by the mouse infection test, and the whole genome map of the E12 strain were obtained by whole-genome sequencing and analyzed for genome characterization. The results showed that the lethality of strain E12 was 100%, the total length of E12-encoded genes was 4,294,530 bp, Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) annotated to 4,194 functional genes, and the virulence genes of sequenced strain E12 were compared with the virulence genes of sequenced strain E12 from the Virulence Factors of Pathogenic Bacteria (VFDB), which contained a total of 366 virulence genes in sequenced strain E12. The analysis of virulence genes of E12 revealed a total of 52 virulence genes in the iron transferrin system, 56 virulence genes in the secretory system, 41 virulence genes in bacterial toxins, and a total of 217 virulence genes in the Adhesin and Invasins group. The antibiotic resistance genes of sequenced strain E12 were identified through the Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database (ARDB) and Comprehensive Antibiotic Research Database, and it was found that its chromosome and plasmid included a total of 127 antibiotic resistance genes in four classes, and that E12 carried 71 genes related to the antibiotic efflux pumps, 36 genes related to antibiotic inactivation, and 14 antibiotic target alteration and reduced penetration into antibiotics, and 6 antibiotic resistance genes, and the resistance phenotypes were consistent with the genotypes. The pathogenic E. coli that causes diarrhea in calves on this ranch contains a large number of virulence and resistance genes. The results provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of diarrhea and other diseases caused by E. coli disease.202438969720
302130.8758Sequencing and comparative analysis of IncP-1α antibiotic resistance plasmids reveal a highly conserved backbone and differences within accessory regions. Although IncP-1 plasmids are important for horizontal gene transfer among bacteria, in particular antibiotic resistance spread, so far only three plasmids from the subgroup IncP-1α have been completely sequenced. In this study we doubled this number. The three IncP-1α plasmids pB5, pB11 and pSP21 were isolated from bacteria of two different sewage treatment plants and sequenced by a combination of next-generation and capillary sequencing technologies. A comparative analysis including the previously analysed IncP-1α plasmids RK2, pTB11 and pBS228 revealed a highly conserved plasmid backbone (at least 99.9% DNA sequence identity) comprising 54 core genes. The accessory elements of the plasmid pB5 constitute a class 1 integron interrupting the parC gene and an IS6100 copy inserted into the integron. In addition, the tetracycline resistance genes tetAR and the ISTB11-like element are located between the klc operon and the trfA-ssb operon. Plasmid pB11 is loaded with a Tn5053-like mercury resistance transposon between the parCBA and parDE operons and contains tetAR that are identical to those identified in plasmid pB5 and the insertion sequence ISSP21. Plasmid pSP21 harbours an ISPa7 element in a Tn402 transposon including a class 1 integron between the partitioning genes parCBA and parDE. The IS-element ISSP21 (99.89% DNA sequence identity to ISSP21 from pB11), inserted downstream of the tetR gene and a copy of ISTB11 (identical to ISTB11 on pTB11) inserted between the genes pncA and pinR. On all three plasmids the accessory genes are almost always located between the backbone modules confirming the importance of the backbone functions for plasmid maintenance. The striking backbone conservation among the six completely sequenced IncP-1α plasmids is in contrast to the much higher diversity within the IncP-1β subgroup.201121115076
82740.8758Characterization of a ST137 multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni strain with a tet(O)-positive genomic island from a bloodstream infection patient. Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is a major cause of gastroenteritis and rarely cause bloodstream infection. Herein, we characterized a multidrug-resistant C. jejuni strain LZCJ isolated from a tumor patient with bloodstream infection. LZCJ was resistant to norfloxacin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin and tetracycline. It showed high survival rate in serum and acidic environment. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis revealed that strain LZCJ had a single chromosome of 1,629,078 bp (30.6 % G + C content) and belonged to the ST137 lineage. LZCJ shared the highest identity of 99.66 % with the chicken-derived C. jejuni MTVDSCj20. Four antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were detected, bla(OXA-61), tet(O), gyrA (T86I), and cmeR (G144D and S207G). In addition, a 12,746 bp genomic island GI_LZCJ carrying 15 open reading frames (ORFs) including the resistance gene tet(O) was identified. Sequence analysis found that the GI_LZCJ was highly similar to the duck-derived C. jejuni ZS004, but with an additional ISChh1-like sequence. 137 non-synonymous mutations in motility related genes (flgF, fapR, flgS), capsular polysaccharide (CPS) coding genes (kpsE, kpsF, kpsM, kpsT), metabolism associated genes (nuoF, nuoG, epsJ, holB), and transporter related genes (comEA, gene0911) were confirmed in LZCJ compared with the best closed chicken-derived strain MTVDSCj20. Our study showed that C. jejuni strain LZCJ was highly similar to the chicken-derived strain MTVDSCj20 but with a lot of SNPs involved in motility, CPS and metabolism coding genes. This strain possessed a tet(O)-positive genomic island GI_LZCJ, which was closed to duck-derived C. jejuni ZS004, but with an additional ISChh1-like sequence. The above data indicated that the LZCJ strain may originate from foodborne bacteria on animals and the importance of continuous surveillance for the spread of foodborne bacteria.202439208964
520250.8757Complete genome sequence data of multidrug-resistant Stenotrophomonas sp. strain SXG-1. Objectives A multidrug-resistant bacterium, Stenotrophomonas sp. SXG-1, was isolated from the liver of diseased hybrid sturgeon from Guizhou province, China. Methods Whole-genome sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiSeq 2500-PE125 platform with MPS (massively parallel sequencing) Illumina technology. All good quality paired reads were assembled using the SOAPdenovo into a number of scaffolds. PHI (Pathogen Host Interactions), VFDB (Virulence Factors of Pathogenic Bacteria) and ARDB (Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database) were used to analyses pathogenicity and drug resistance. Results Here we reported the complete genome sequence of Stenotrophomonas sp. SXG-1, which comprised 4534,602bp in 4077 coding sequences (CDS) with a G+C content of 66.42%. The genome contained 4 gene islands, 72 tRNAs and 13 rRNAs. According to the annotation analysis, strain SXG-1 encoded 22 genes related to the multidrug resistance. In addition to 10 genes conferring resistance to antimicrobial drugs of different classes via alternative mechanisms, 12 genes of efflux pumps were presented, 9 of which were reported for the first time in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Conclusion This was the first complete genome sequence of Stenotrophomonas sp. isolated from the sturgeon. The complete genome sequence of Stenotrophomonas sp. strain SXG-1 may provide insights into the mechanism of antimicrobial resistance and prevent disease.202032311503
149460.8749Characterization of a Novel Chromosomal Class C β-Lactamase, YOC-1, and Comparative Genomics Analysis of a Multidrug Resistance Plasmid in Yokenella regensburgei W13. Yokenella regensburgei, a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, is usually isolated from environmental samples and generally resistant to early generations of cephalosporins. To characterize the resistance mechanism of Y. regensburgei strain W13 isolated from the sewage of an animal farm, whole genome sequencing, comparative genomics analysis and molecular cloning were performed. The results showed that a novel chromosomally encoded class C β-lactamase gene with the ability to confer resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, designated bla (YOC) (-) (1), was identified in the genome of Y. regensburgei W13. Kinetic analysis revealed that the β-lactamase YOC-1 has a broad spectrum of substrates, including penicillins, cefazolin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime. The two functionally characterized β-lactamases with the highest amino acid identities to YOC-1 were CDA-1 (71.69%) and CMY-2 (70.65%). The genetic context of the bla (YOC) (-) (1) -ampR-encoding region was unique compared with the sequences in the NCBI nucleotide database. The plasmid pRYW13-125 of Y. regensburgei W13 harbored 11 resistance genes (bla (OXA) (-) (10), bla (LAP) (-) (2), dfrA14, tetA, tetR, cmlA5, floR, sul2, ant(3″)-IIa, arr-2 and qnrS1) within an ∼34 kb multidrug resistance region; these genes were all related to mobile genetic elements. The multidrug resistance region of pYRW13-125 shared the highest identities with those of two plasmids from clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, indicating the possibility of horizontal transfer of these resistance genes between bacteria of various origins.202032973731
521370.8739Draft genome sequences of Limosilactobacillus fermentum IJAL 01 335, isolated from a traditional cereal fermented dough. Limosilactobacillus fermentum IJAL 01 335 was isolated from mawè, a spontaneously fermented cereal dough from Benin. The 1.83 Mb draft genome sequence (52.37% GC) comprises 154 contigs, 1,836 coding sequences, and 23 predicted antibiotic resistance genes, providing insights into its genetic features and potential application in food fermentation.202541170963
607780.8736Brytella acorum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel acetic acid bacterium from sour beverages. Polyphasic taxonomic and comparative genomic analyses revealed that a series of lambic beer isolates including strain LMG 32668(T) and the kombucha isolate LMG 32879 represent a novel species among the acetic acid bacteria, with Acidomonas methanolica as the nearest phylogenomic neighbor with a valid name. Overall genomic relatedness indices and phylogenomic and physiological analyses revealed that this novel species was best classified in a novel genus for which we propose the name Brytella acorum gen. nov., sp. nov., with LMG 32668(T) (=CECT 30723(T)) as the type strain. The B. acorum genomes encode a complete but modified tricarboxylic acid cycle, and complete pentose phosphate, pyruvate oxidation and gluconeogenesis pathways. The absence of 6-phosphofructokinase which rendered the glycolysis pathway non-functional, and an energy metabolism that included both aerobic respiration and oxidative fermentation are typical metabolic characteristics of acetic acid bacteria. Neither genome encodes nitrogen fixation or nitrate reduction genes, but both genomes encode genes for the biosynthesis of a broad range of amino acids. Antibiotic resistance genes or virulence factors are absent.202337429096
611890.8725Integrated genomics and transcriptomics reveal the extreme heavy metal tolerance and adsorption potentiality of Staphylococcus equorum. In this study, we successfully isolated 11 species of cadmium-tolerant bacterium from Pu-erh rhizosphere soil, of which Staphylococcus equorum PU1 showed the highest cadmium tolerance, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 500 mg/L. The cadmium removal efficiency of PU1 in 400 mg/L cadmium medium reached 58.7 %. Based on the Nanopore PromethION and Illumina NovaSeq platforms, we successfully obtained the complete PU1 genome with a size of 2,705,540 bp, which encoded 2729 genes. We further detected 82 and 44 indel mutations in the PU1 genome compared with the KS1039 and KM1031 genomes from the database. Transcriptional analysis showed that the expression of 11 genes in PU1 increased with increasing cadmium concentrations (from 0 to 200, then to 400 mg/L), which encoded cadmium resistance, cadmium transport, and mercury resistance genes. In addition, some genes showed differential expression patterns with changes in cadmium concentration, including quinone oxidoreductase-like protein, ferrous iron transport protein, and flavohemoprotein. Gene Ontology (GO) functions, including oxidation reduction process and oxidoreductase activity functions, and KEGG pathways, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and biosynthesis of secondary metals, were also considered closely related to the extreme cadmium tolerance of PU1. This study provides novel insight into the cadmium tolerance mechanism of bacteria.202336592848
803100.8723Nucleotide sequences and genetic analysis of hydrogen oxidation (hox) genes in Azotobacter vinelandii. Azotobacter vinelandii contains a heterodimeric, membrane-bound [NiFe]hydrogenase capable of catalyzing the reversible oxidation of H2. The beta and alpha subunits of the enzyme are encoded by the structural genes hoxK and hoxG, respectively, which appear to form part of an operon that contains at least one further potential gene (open reading frame 3 [ORF3]). In this study, determination of the nucleotide sequence of a region of 2,344 bp downstream of ORF3 revealed four additional closely spaced or overlapping ORFs. These ORFs, ORF4 through ORF7, potentially encode polypeptides with predicted masses of 22.8, 11.4, 16.3, and 31 kDa, respectively. Mutagenesis of the chromosome of A. vinelandii in the area sequenced was carried out by introduction of antibiotic resistance gene cassettes. Disruption of hoxK and hoxG by a kanamycin resistance gene abolished whole-cell hydrogenase activity coupled to O2 and led to loss of the hydrogenase alpha subunit. Insertional mutagenesis of ORF3 through ORF7 with a promoterless lacZ-Kmr cassette established that the region is transcriptionally active and involved in H2 oxidation. We propose to call ORF3 through ORF7 hoxZ, hoxM, hoxL, hoxO, and hoxQ, respectively. The predicted hox gene products resemble those encoded by genes from hydrogenase-related operons in other bacteria, including Escherichia coli and Alcaligenes eutrophus.19921624446
6088110.8718Complete Genome of Achromobacter xylosoxidans, a Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria from the Rhizosphere of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) Tolerant to Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infection. Achromobacter xylosoxidans is one of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria associated with cowpea rhizosphere across Africa. Although its role in improving soil fertility and inducing systemic resistance in plants against pathogens has been documented, there is limited information on its complete genomic characteristics from cowpea roots. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of A. xylosoxidans strain DDA01 isolated from the topsoil of a field where cowpea plants tolerant to cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) were grown in Ibadan, Nigeria. The genome of DDA01 was sequenced via Illumina MiSeq and contained 6,930,067 nucleotides with 67.55% G + C content, 73 RNAs, 59 tRNAs, and 6421 protein-coding genes, including those associated with nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, Indole3-acetic acid production, and siderophore activity. Eleven genetic clusters for secondary metabolites, including alcaligin, were identified. The potential of DDA01 as a plant growth-promoting bacteria with genetic capabilities to enhance soil fertility for resilience against CMV infection in cowpea is discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first complete genome of diazotrophic bacteria obtained from cowpea rhizosphere in sub-Saharan Africa, with potential implications for improved soil fertility, plant disease resistance, and food security.202439278894
6014120.8717Whole genome sequencing and analysis of plant growth promoting bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of plantation crops coconut, cocoa and arecanut. Coconut, cocoa and arecanut are commercial plantation crops that play a vital role in the Indian economy while sustaining the livelihood of more than 10 million Indians. According to 2012 Food and Agricultural organization's report, India is the third largest producer of coconut and it dominates the production of arecanut worldwide. In this study, three Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) from coconut (CPCRI-1), cocoa (CPCRI-2) and arecanut (CPCRI-3) characterized for the PGP activities have been sequenced. The draft genome sizes were 4.7 Mb (56% GC), 5.9 Mb (63.6% GC) and 5.1 Mb (54.8% GB) for CPCRI-1, CPCRI-2, CPCRI-3, respectively. These genomes encoded 4056 (CPCRI-1), 4637 (CPCRI-2) and 4286 (CPCRI-3) protein-coding genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both CPCRI-1 and CPCRI-3 belonged to Enterobacteriaceae family, while, CPCRI-2 was a Pseudomonadaceae family member. Functional annotation of the genes predicted that all three bacteria encoded genes needed for mineral phosphate solubilization, siderophores, acetoin, butanediol, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase, chitinase, phenazine, 4-hydroxybenzoate, trehalose and quorum sensing molecules supportive of the plant growth promoting traits observed in the course of their isolation and characterization. Additionally, in all the three CPCRI PGPRs, we identified genes involved in synthesis of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which recently has been proposed to aid plant growth. The PGPRs also carried genes for central carbohydrate metabolism indicating that the bacteria can efficiently utilize the root exudates and other organic materials as energy source. Genes for production of peroxidases, catalases and superoxide dismutases that confer resistance to oxidative stresses in plants were identified. Besides these, genes for heat shock tolerance, cold shock tolerance and glycine-betaine production that enable bacteria to survive abiotic stress were also identified.201425162593
3008130.8717Sequence of conjugative plasmid pIP1206 mediating resistance to aminoglycosides by 16S rRNA methylation and to hydrophilic fluoroquinolones by efflux. Self-transferable IncFI plasmid pIP1206, isolated from an Escherichia coli clinical isolate, carries two new resistance determinants: qepA, which confers resistance to hydrophylic fluoroquinolones by efflux, and rmtB, which specifies a 16S rRNA methylase conferring high-level aminoglycoside resistance. Analysis of the 168,113-bp sequence (51% G+C) revealed that pIP1206 was composed of several subregions separated by copies of insertion sequences. Of 151 open reading frames, 56 (37%) were also present in pRSB107, isolated from a bacterium in a sewage treatment plant. pIP1206 contained four replication regions (RepFIA, RepFIB, and two partial RepFII regions) and a transfer region 91% identical with that of pAPEC-O1-ColBM, a plasmid isolated from an avian pathogenic E. coli. A putative oriT region was found upstream from the transfer region. The antibiotic resistance genes tet(A), catA1, bla(TEM-1), rmtB, and qepA were clustered in a 33.5-kb fragment delineated by two IS26 elements that also carried a class 1 integron, including the sulI, qacEDelta1, aad4, and dfrA17 genes and Tn10, Tn21, and Tn3-like transposons. The plasmid also possessed a raffinose operon, an arginine deiminase pathway, a putative iron acquisition gene cluster, an S-methylmethionine metabolism operon, two virulence-associated genes, and a type I DNA restriction-modification (R-M) system. Three toxin/antitoxin systems and the R-M system ensured stabilization of the plasmid in the host bacteria. These data suggest that the mosaic structure of pIP1206 could have resulted from recombination between pRSB107 and a pAPEC-O1-ColBM-like plasmid, combined with structural rearrangements associated with acquisition of additional DNA by recombination and of mobile genetic elements by transposition.200818458128
5212140.8715Draft Genome Sequences of Pseudomonas MWU13-2625 and MWU12-2115, Isolated from a Wild Cranberry Bog at the Cape Cod National Seashore. Two highly similar Pseudomonas sp. genome sequences from wetland bog soil isolates with draft genomes of ~6.3 Mbp are reported. Although the exact taxonomic placement and environmental roles of these bacteria are unclear, predicted genes for stress tolerance, antibiotic resistance, and a type VI secretion system were detected.201830533670
6138150.8714Draft genome of five Cupriavidus plantarum strains: agave, maize and sorghum plant-associated bacteria with resistance to metals. Five strains of Cupriavidus plantarum, a metal-resistant, plant-associated bacterium, were selected for genome sequencing through the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea (GEBA) Phase IV project at the Joint Genome Institute (JGI) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The genome of the strains was in the size range of 6.2-6.4 Mbp and encoded 5605-5834 proteins; 16.9-23.7% of these genes could not be assigned to a COG-associated functional category. The G + C content was 65.83-65.99%, and the genomes encoded 59-67 stable RNAs. The strains were resistant in vitro to arsenite, arsenate, cobalt, chromium, copper, nickel and zinc, and their genomes possessed the resistance genes for these metals. The genomes also encoded the biosynthesis of potential antimicrobial compounds, such as terpenes, phosphonates, bacteriocins, betalactones, nonribosomal peptides, phenazine and siderophores, as well as the biosynthesis of cellulose and enzymes such as chitinase and trehalase. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and DNA-DNA in silico hybridization of the genomes confirmed that C. plantarum is a single species. Moreover, the strains cluster within a single group upon multilocus sequence analyses with eight genes and a phylogenomic analyses. Noteworthy, the ability of the species to tolerate high concentrations of different metals might prove useful for bioremediation of naturally contaminated environments.202032405446
5201160.8712Complete genome of Enterobacter sichuanensis strain SGAir0282 isolated from air in Singapore. BACKGROUND: Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) bacteria, such as E. cloacae, E. sichuanensis, E. kobei, and E. roggenkampii, have been emerging as nosocomial pathogens. Many strains isolated from medical clinics were found to be resistant to antibiotics, and in the worst cases, acquired multidrug resistance. We present the whole genome sequence of SGAir0282, isolated from the outdoor air in Singapore, and its relevance to other ECC bacteria by in silico genomic analysis. RESULTS: Complete genome assembly of E. sichuanensis strain SGAir0282 was generated using PacBio RSII and Illumina MiSeq platforms, and the datasets were used for de novo assembly using Hierarchical Genome Assembly Process (HGAP) and error corrected with Pilon. The genome assembly consisted of a single contig of 4.71 Mb and with a G+C content of 55.5%. No plasmid was detected in the assembly. The genome contained 4371 coding genes, 83 tRNA and 25 rRNA genes, as predicted by NCBI's Prokaryotic Genome Annotation Pipeline (PGAP). Among the genes, the antibiotic resistance related genes were included: Streptothricin acetdyltransferase (SatA), fosfomycin resistance protein (FosA) and metal-dependent hydrolases of the beta-lactamase superfamily I (BLI). CONCLUSION: Based on whole genome alignment and phylogenetic analysis, the strain SGAir0282 was identified to be Enterobacter sichuanensis. The strain possesses gene clusters for virulence, disease and defence, that can also be found in other multidrug resistant ECC type strains.202032127921
5217170.8710UV Resistance of bacteria from the Kenyan Marine cyanobacterium Moorea producens. UV resistance of bacteria isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Moorea producens has not been observed previously, findings which highlight how unsafe germicidal UV irradiation for sterilization of air, food, and water could be. Further, UV resistance of Bacillus licheniformis is being observed for the first time. This study focused on bacteria isolated from the marine cyanobacterium M. producens collected off the Kenyan coast at Shimoni, Wasini, Kilifi, and Mida. UV irradiance of isolates (302 nm, 70 W/m(2) , 0-1 hr) established B. licheniformis as the most UV resistant strain, with the following order of taxon resistance: Bacilli> γ proteobacteria > Actinobacteria. UV resistance was independent of pigmentation. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic distance determined for both B. licheniformis and Bacillus aerius relative to M. producens CCAP 1446/4 was 2.0. Survival of B. licheniformis upon UV irradiance followed first-order kinetics (k = 0.035/min, R(2)  = 0.88). Addition of aqueous extracts (2, 10, 20 and 40 mg/ml) of this B. licheniformis strain on the less resistant Marinobacterium stanieri was not significant, however, the commercial sunscreen benzophenone-3 (BP-3) positive control and the time of irradiance were significant. Detection of bacteria on M. producens filaments stained with acridine orange confirmed its nonaxenic nature. Although the chemistry of UV resistance in cyanobacteria has been studied in depth revealing for example the role of mycosporine like amino acids (MAAs) in UV resistance less is known about how bacteria resist UV irradiation. This is of interest since cyanobacteria live in association with bacteria.201930123980
2006180.8709Genetic characterization of a novel sequence type of multidrug-resistant Citrobacter freundii strain recovered from wastewater treatment plant. A multidrug-resistant Citrobacter freundii strain R17 was isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in China. Whole-genome sequencing of strain R17 revealed a new sequence type (ST412) chromosome (length 5,124,258 bp) and an Inc FII (Yp) group plasmid pCFR17_1 (length 206,820 bp). A total of 13 antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) that confer resistance to eight different antibiotic groups were encoded by strain R17 and 12 of them were carried by plasmid pCFR17_1. These data and analysis suggest that the environment-derived C. freundii strains may serve as potential sources of ARGs and highlight the need of further surveillance of this bacteria in the future.201931564927
5132190.8709The genome of Symbiodiniaceae-associated Stutzerimonas frequens CAM01 reveals a broad spectrum of antibiotic resistance genes indicating anthropogenic drift in the Palk Bay coral reef of south-eastern India. An increase in antibiotic pollution in reef areas will lead to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, leading to ecological disturbances in the sensitive coral holobiont. This study provides insights into the genome of antibiotics-resistant Stutzerimonas frequens CAM01, isolated from Favites-associated Symbiodiniaceae of a near-shore polluted reef of Palk Bay, India. The draft genome contains 4.67 Mbp in size with 52 contigs. Further genome analysis revealed the presence of four antibiotic-resistant genes, namely, adeF, rsmA, APH (3")-Ib, and APH (6)-Id that provide resistance by encoding resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) antibiotic efflux pump and aminoglycoside phosphotransferase. The isolate showed resistance against 73% of the antibiotics tested, concurrent with the predicted AMR genes. Four secondary metabolites, namely Aryl polyene, NRPS-independent-siderophore, terpenes, and ectoine were detected in the isolate, which may play a role in virulence and pathogenicity adaptation in microbes. This study provides key insights into the genome of Stutzerimonas frequens CAM01 and highlights the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in coral reef ecosystems.202337626254