# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 9945 | 0 | 0.8786 | The Ellis Island Effect: A novel mobile element in a multi-drug resistant Bacteroides fragilis clinical isolate includes a mosaic of resistance genes from Gram-positive bacteria. Objectives: Bacteroides fragilis, a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, is alternately a gut commensal or virulent pathogen and is an important reservoir for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of bacterial resistance and virulence genes in the human gastrointestinal tract. We identified a unique conjugative transposon (CTn) in a multidrug resistant clinical isolate of B. fragilis (BF-HMW615); we named this element CTnHyb because it included a hybrid mosaic of foreign elements. This study reports the characterization of CTnHyb and discusses the potential impact on horizontal spread of resistance genes. Results: CTnHyb contains several efflux pump genes and several genes that confer or may confer antibiotic resistance to tetracycline, kanamycin, metronidazole and spectinomycin (truncated gene). CTnHyb also contains a mosaic of mobile elements from Gram-positive organisms. CTnHyb is easily transferred from BF-HMW615 (the original isolate) to BF638R (lab strain) and integrated into the BF638R chromosome. The "foreign" (from Gram-positive bacteria) nucleotide sequences within CTnHyb were > 99% preserved indicating that the gene acquisition from the Gram-positive bacteria was very recent. Conclusion: CTnHyb is a novel CTn residing in a multidrug resistant strain of B. fragilis. The global nature and wide phylogenetic reach of HGT means that any gene in any bacterium can potentially be mobilized. Understanding the mechanisms that drive the formation and transfer of these elements and, potentially, ways to limit the transfer are necessary to prevent a devastating spread of resistance elements. | 2014 | 25165618 |
| 1753 | 1 | 0.8694 | Characterization of a Linezolid- and Vancomycin-Resistant Streptococcus suis Isolate That Harbors optrA and vanG Operons. Linezolid and vancomycin are among the last-resort antimicrobial agents in the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial infections. Linezolid- and vancomycin-resistant (LVR) Gram-positive bacteria may pose severe threats to public health. In this study, three optrA- and vanG-positive Streptococcus suis strains were isolated from two farms of different cities. There were only 1 and 343 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding region (cSNPs) of HCB4 and YSJ7 to YSJ17, respectively. Mobilome analysis revealed the presence of vanG, erm(B), tet(O/W/32/O), and aadE-apt-sat4-aphA3 cluster on an integrative and conjugative element, ICESsuYSJ17, and erm(B), aphA3, aac(6')-aph(2″), catpC(194), and optrA on a prophage, ΦSsuYSJ17-3. ICESsuYSJ17 exhibited a mosaic structure and belongs to a highly prevalent and transferable ICESa2603 family of Streptococcus species. ΦSsuYSJ17-3 shared conserved backbone to a transferable prophage Φm46.1. A novel composite transposon, IS1216E-araC-optrA-hp-catpC(194)-IS1216E, which can be circulated as translocatable unit (TU) by IS1216E, was integrated on ΦSsuYSJ17-3. Vancomycin resistance phenotype and vanG transcription assays revealed that the vanG operon was inducible. The LVR strain YSJ17 exhibited moderate virulence in a zebrafish infection model. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LVR isolate, which is mediated by acquired resistance genes optrA and vanG operons in Gram-positive bacteria. Since S. suis has been recognized as an antimicrobial resistance reservoir in the spread of resistance genes to major streptococcal pathogens, the potential risks of disseminating of optrA and vanG from S. suis to other Streptococcus spp. are worrisome and routine surveillance should be strengthened. | 2019 | 31551963 |
| 3032 | 2 | 0.8693 | The emergence of metronidazole-resistant Prevotella bivia harboring nimK gene in Japan. We present the identification and characterization of the complete genome of metronidazole (MTZ)-resistant Prevotella bivia strain TOH-2715 [minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): 8 mg/L], isolated from the urine of an elderly Japanese woman, as well as details of its mobile genetic elements (MGEs) containing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and its relationship with other bacterial species determined using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. TOH-2715 possessed two chromosomes with putative MGEs containing AMR genes. Two AMR-related MGE regions were present in chromosome 2. MGE-region 1 (7,821 bp) included Tn6456, where nimK was located, and MGE-region 2 (58.8 Kbp) included the integrative and conjugative element (ICE), where tet(Q) and ermF were located. The genetic structure of the ICE of TOH-2715 was similar to that of CTnDOT-family transposons, where ermF and tet(Q) are located. A search of public databases revealed that nimK was present in Prevotella spp., including P. bivia, and was partially composed of a Tn6456-like element lacking the efflux transporter gene qacE and the Crp/Fnr family transcriptional regulator gene in some cases. Core ICE gene analysis showed that ICEs similar to that of TOH-2715 were present in Prevotella spp. and Bacteroides spp., suggesting horizontal gene transfer among anaerobes. This is the report of WGS analysis of an MTZ-resistant clinical strain of P. bivia (TOH-2715) with Tn6456 encoding nimK. Other submitted genomes have described the presence of nimK, but none of them have described MTZ resistance. Additionally, we described putative MGE regions containing the AMR gene within the genus Prevotella and among anaerobes, raising concerns about the future spread of nimK among anaerobes. IMPORTANCE: Metronidazole (MTZ) is an important antimicrobial agent in anaerobic infections and is widely used in clinical settings. The rate of MTZ resistance in anaerobic bacteria has been increasing in recent years, and the nim gene (nitro-imidazole reductase) is one of the resistance mechanisms. Prevotella bivia is found in humans in the urinary tract and vagina and is known to cause infections in some cases. One of the nim genes, nimK, has recently been discovered in this species of bacteria, but there are no reports of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)-related regions in its whole genome level. In this study, we analyzed the AMR region of nimK-positive P. bivia derived from clinical specimens based on comparisons with other anaerobic genomes. P. bivia was found to be engaged in horizontal gene transfer with other anaerobic bacteria, and the future spread of the nimK gene is a concern. | 2024 | 39162532 |
| 1492 | 3 | 0.8689 | Characterization of the tet(M)-bearing transposon Tn7125 of Escherichia coli strain A13 isolated from an intensive pig farm located in Henan province, China. BACKGROUND: Transposons carrying tet(M) in Gram-positive bacteria have been reported extensively, while there is a paucity of data on the transmission characteristics of tet(M) in Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic characteristics of the tet(M)-bearing transposon Tn7125, and to clarify the transmission mechanism of the plasmids pTA13-1 and pTA13-3 in Escherichia coli strain A13. METHODS: Plasmids from strain A13 and a corresponding transconjugant were determined by whole genome sequencing and analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The plasmids pTA13-1 and pTA13-3 of the transconjugant TA13 were characterized by S1-pulse-field gel electrophoresis, Southern hybridization, stability experiments, and direct competition assays. RESULTS: The conjugated IncF2:A6:B20 plasmid pTA13-1 co-transferred with the 41-kb plasmid pTA13-3, which carried no resistance genes; plasmid pTA13-2, which harbored the replication initiator PO111; and the IncX4 plasmid pTA13-4, which harbored the antibiotic resistance gene mcr-1. The novel IS26-bracked composite transposon Tn7125 was located on plasmid pTA13-1, which mainly consists of three resistance modules: IS26-ctp-lp-tet(M)-hp-IS406tnp, qac-aadA1-cmlA1-aadA2-DUF1010-dfrA12, and ∆ISVSa3-VirD-floR-LysR-ISVSa3. The plasmid pTA13-1 was highly stable in E. coli strain J53 with no fitness cost to the host or disadvantage in growth competition. CONCLUSION: Evolution of co-integrated transposons, such as Tn7125, may convey antibiotic resistance to a wide spectrum of hosts via the plasmids pTA13-1 and pTA13-3, which acts as an adaptable and mobile multidrug resistance reservoir to accelerate dissemination of other genes by co-selection, thereby posing a potentially serious barrier to clinical treatment regimens. | 2025 | 40639501 |
| 1752 | 4 | 0.8684 | Genetic Characterization of a Linezolid- and Penicillin-Resistant Enterococcus hirae Isolate Co-Harboring poxtA and pbp5fm. Linezolid and penicillin are critical for treating multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-positive infections, but the emergence of resistance to both seriously threatens public health. Here, we first report the cocarrying poxtA (oxazolidinone resistance) and pbp5fm (β-lactam resistance) genes by the plasmid in a strain of Enterococcus hirae HDC14-2 derived from porcine. The isolate also exhibits MDR phenotypes to phenicols, oxazolidinones, tetracyclines, β-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and lincosamides. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) revealed these resistance genes, along with tet(L), tet(M), catA, erm(B), aac(6)-aph(2"), aadE, spw, lsa(E), lnu(B), sat4, and aphA3, were clustered in a novel MDR region flanked by IS1216 elements on plasmid pHDC14-2.133K. This IS1216-bounded MDR region formed translocatable units (TUs), including an IS1216-poxtA TU that was also identified on a secondary plasmid, pHDC14-2.27K. Functional assays demonstrated the excisability and mobility of these TUs, indicating its potential ability integration into other plasmids or chromosomes. Critically, electrotransformation confirmed the transfer of pHDC14-2.27K (poxtA-carrying) to Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2, with retained TU activity and minimal fitness cost. This study provides the evidence of colocalized poxtA and pbp5fm on plasmids in enterococci, highlighting their role in disseminating pan-resistance among bacteria. Although E. hirae is not an important pathogenic bacterium to humans and animals, but its potential risk to horizontally spread of these resistance genes important in medicine still cannot be ignored. | 2025 | 40692874 |
| 5441 | 5 | 0.8676 | Presence of SXT integrating conjugative element in marine bacteria isolated from the mucus of the coral Fungia echinata from Andaman Sea. In this study, we characterize 18 cultivable bacteria associated within the mucus of the coral Fungia echinata from Andaman Sea, India. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that all the 18 strains isolated in this study from the coral mucus belong to the group Gammaproteobacteria and majority of them were identified as Vibrio core group. Our objective was to investigate the presence of the SXT/R391 integrating conjugative elements (ICEs) targeting integrase int(SXT) and SXT Hotspot IV genetic elements in these isolates. SXT/ICE initially reported in Vibrio cholerae contains many antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes and acts as an effective tool for the horizontal transfer of resistance genes in other bacterial populations. Two of our strains, AN44 and AN60, were resistant to sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and streptomycin, in addition to other antibiotics such as neomycin, ampicillin, rifampicin, and tetracycline. Using PCR followed by sequencing, we detected the SXT/ICE in these strains. The SXT integrase genes of AN44 and AN60 had a 99% and 100% identity with V. cholerae serogroup O139 strain SG24. This study provides the first evidence of the presence of SXT/R391 ICEs in Marinomonas sp. strain AN44 (JCM 18476(T) ) and Vibrio fortis strain AN60 (DSM 26067(T) ) isolated from the mucus of the coral F. echinata. | 2013 | 23083057 |
| 3023 | 6 | 0.8670 | ICEAplChn1, a novel SXT/R391 integrative conjugative element (ICE), carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. SXT/R391 integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) are capable of self-transfer by conjugation and highly prevalent in various aquatic bacteria and Proteus species. In the present study, a novel SXT/R391 ICE, named ICEAplChn1, was identified in the multidrug resistant (MDR) Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strain app6. ICEAplChn1 was composed of the typical SXT/R391 backbone and insertion DNA at eight hotspots, including HS1, HS2, HS3, HS4, HS5, VRII, VRIII and a new variation region VRVI. Many of the insertion contents were not present in other reported SXT/R391 family members, including ICEApl2, a recently identified SXT/R391 ICE from a clinical isolate of A. pleuropneumoniae. Remarkably, the VRIII region had accumulated seven resistance genes tet(A), erm(42), floR, aphA6, strB (two copies), strA and sul2. Of them, erm(42) and aphA6 emerged for the first time not only in the SXT/R391 elements but also in A. pleuropneumoniae. Phylogenetic analysis showed considerable variation of the backbone sequence of ICEAplChn1, as compared to those of other SXT/R391 ICEs. A circular intermediate form of ICEAplChn1 was detected by nested PCR. However, the conjugation experiments using different bacteria as recipients failed. These findings demonstrated that SXT/R391 ICEs are able to adapt to a broader range of host bacterial species. The presence of the MDR gene cluster in ICEAplChn1 underlines that SXT/R391 ICE could serve as an important vector for the accumulation of antibiotic resistance genes. | 2018 | 29885796 |
| 3036 | 7 | 0.8670 | Complete nucleotide sequences of 84.5- and 3.2-kb plasmids in the multi-antibiotic resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium U302 strain G8430. The multi-antibiotic resistant (MR) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium phage type U302 strain G8430 exhibits the penta-resistant ACSSuT-phenotype (ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides and tetracycline), and is also resistant to carbenicillin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin. Two plasmids, 3.2- and 84.5-kb in size, carrying antibiotic resistance genes were isolated from this strain, and the nucleotide sequences were determined and analyzed. The 3.2-kb plasmid, pU302S, belongs to the ColE1 family and carries the aph(3')-I gene (Kan(R)). The 84.5-kb plasmid, pU302L, is an F-like plasmid and contains 14 complete IS elements and multiple resistance genes including aac3, aph(3')-I, sulII, tetA/R, strA/B, bla(TEM-1), mph, and the mer operon. Sequence analyses of pU302L revealed extensive homology to various plasmids or transposons, including F, R100, pHCM1, pO157, and pCTX-M3 plasmids and TnSF1 transposon, in regions involved in plasmid replication/maintenance functions and/or in antibiotic resistance gene clusters. Though similar to the conjugative plasmids F and R100 in the plasmid replication regions, pU302L does not contain oriT and the tra genes necessary for conjugal transfer. This mosaic pattern of sequence similarities suggests that pU302L acquired the resistance genes from a variety of enteric bacteria and underscores the importance of a further understanding of horizontal gene transfer among the enteric bacteria. | 2007 | 16828159 |
| 3033 | 8 | 0.8668 | Glabridin inhibited the spread of polymyxin-resistant Enterobacterium carrying ICEMmoMP63. INTRODUCTION: The role of integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) in antibiotic resistance in Morganella morganii is unknown. This study aimed to determine whether an ICE identified in the M. morganii genome contributed to the polymyxin resistance. METHODS: Whole-genome sequencing was performed followed by bioinformatics analyses to identify ICEs and antibiotic resistance genes. Conjugation assays were performed to analyze the transferability of a discovered ICE. A drug transporter encoded on the ICE was heterogeneously expressed in Escherichia coli, minimum inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics were determined, and a traditional Chinese medicine library was screened for potential efflux pump inhibitors. RESULTS: An antibiotic resistance-conferring ICE, named ICEMmoMP63, was identified. ICEMmoMP63 was verified to be horizontally transferred among Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. G3577_03020 in ICEMmoMP63 was found to mediate multiple antibiotic resistances, especially polymyxin resistance. However, natural compound glabridin was demonstrated to inhibit polymyxin resistance. DISCUSSION: Our findings support the need for monitoring dissemination of ICEMmoMP63 in Enterobacteriaceae bacteria. Combined glabridin and polymyxin may have therapeutic potential for treating infections from multi-drug resistant bacteria carrying ICEMmoMP63. | 2023 | 37283918 |
| 3031 | 9 | 0.8668 | Novel Mobilizable Genomic Island GEI-D18A Mediates Conjugational Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Multidrug-Resistant Strain Rheinheimera sp. D18. Aquatic environments act as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance from these environments is of increasing concern. In this study, a multidrug-resistant bacterial strain, identified as Rheinheimera sp. D18, was isolated from the sea water of an industrial maricultural system in the Yellow Sea, China. Whole-genome sequencing of D18 revealed the presence of a novel 25.8 kb antibiotic resistance island, designated GEI-D18A, which carries several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), including aadA1, aacA3, tetR, tet(B), catA, dfrA37, and three sul1 genes. Besides, integrase, transposase, resolvase, and recombinase encoding genes were also identified in GEI-D18A. The transferability of GEI-D18A was confirmed by mating experiments between Rheinheimera sp. D18 and Escherichia coli 25DN, and efflux pump inhibitor assays also suggested that tet(B) in GEI-D18A was responsible for tetracycline resistance in both D18 and the transconjugant. This study represents the first characterization of a mobilizable antibiotic resistance island in a species of Rheinheimera and provides evidence that Rheinheimera spp. could be important reservoirs and vehicles for ARGs in the Yellow Sea area. | 2020 | 32318052 |
| 3030 | 10 | 0.8661 | Mobile Genomic Island GEI-FN1A in Aeromonas salmonicida FN1 Contributes to the Spread of Antibiotic-Resistance Genes. Antibiotics are used to treat severe bacterial infections. However, owing to excessive antibiotic use, bacteria under high selective pressure for antibiotics develop resistance through spontaneous mutation or by acquiring antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Horizontal transfer of ARGs among bacteria in the environment can lead to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria that infect animals and humans, thus causing disease outbreaks. In this study, MDR strain FN1 was isolated from a feces-contaminated soil sample from a chicken farm under pressure from the antibiotic florfenicol (16 mg/L) and identified as Aeromonas salmonicida. Whole-genome sequencing and analysis revealed the 86.8-kb antibiotic-resistant genomic island, GEI-FN1A, in the FN1 genome. Genome annotation revealed that GEI-FN1A carried several ARGs, including two tetracycline-resistance genes [tetR and tet(A)], three aminoglycoside-resistance genes [aph(6), aph(3"), and aac(3)], one trimethoprim-resistance gene (dfrB4), two chloramphenicol/florfenicol-resistance genes (catB3 and floR), three macrolide-resistance genes [mphR(A), mrx(A), and mph(A)] and two sul1 genes. GEI-FN1A also contained genes encoding integrase, transposase, and recombinase, which mediate the horizontal transfer of MDR genes. These findings suggest that GEI-FN1A in A. salmonicida FN1 can potentially spread ARGs among environmental bacteria. | 2025 | 40553200 |
| 1532 | 11 | 0.8660 | Identification of TMexCD-TOprJ-producing carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from hospital sewage. Carbapenems and tigecycline are crucial antimicrobials for the treatment of gram-negative bacteria infections. Recently, a novel resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pump gene cluster, tmexCD-toprJ, which confers resistance to tigecycline, has been discovered in animals and clinical isolates. It was reported that hospital sewage could act as a reservoir for gram-negative bacteria with high antimicrobial resistance genes. In this study, we analyzed 84 isolates of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) from hospital sewage, and identified five isolates of TMexCD-ToprJ-producing CR-GNB, including one Raoultella ornithinolytica isolate and four Pseudomonas spp. isolates. All these five isolates carried at least one carbapenem resistance gene and were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Multiple tmexCD-toprJ clusters were detected, including tmexC2D2-toprJ2, tmexC3D3-toprJ3, tmexC3.2D3.3-toprJ1b and tmexC3.2D3-toprJ1b. Among these clusters, the genetic construct of tmexC3.2D3-toprJ1b showed 2-fold higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tigecycline than other three variants. In addition, it was found that the tmexCD-toprJ gene cluster was originated from Pseudomonas spp. and mainly located on Tn6855 variants inserted in the same umuC-like genes on chromosomes and plasmids. This unit co-localized with bla(IMP) or bla(VIM) on IncHI5-, Inc(pJBCL41)- and Inc(pSTY)-type plasmids in the five isolates of TMCR-GNB. The IncHI5- and Inc(pSTY)-type plasmids had the ability to conjugal transfer to E. coli J53 and P. aeruginosa PAO1, highlighting the potential risk of transfer of tmexCD-toprJ from Pseudomonas spp. to Enterobacterales. Importantly, genomic analysis showed that similar tmexCD-toprJ-harboring IncHI5 plasmids were also detected in human samples, suggesting transmission between environmental and human sectors. The emergence of TMCR-GNB from hospital sewage underscores the need for ongoing surveillance of antimicrobial resistance genes, particularly the novel resistance genes such as the tmexCD-toprJ gene clusters in the wastewater environment. | 2023 | 37480594 |
| 5440 | 12 | 0.8659 | Molecular structure and evolution of the conjugative multiresistance plasmid pRE25 of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from a raw-fermented sausage. Plasmid pRE25 from Enterococcus faecalis transfers resistances against kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, clindamycin, lincomycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, roxithromycin, tylosin, chloramphenicol, and nourseothricin sulfate by conjugation in vitro to E. faecalis JH2-2, Lactococcus lactis Bu2, and Listeria innocua L19. Its nucleotide sequence of 50237 base pairs represents the largest, fully sequenced conjugative multiresistance plasmid of enterococci (Plasmid 46 (2001) 170). The gene for chloramphenicol resistance (cat) was identified as an acetyltransferase identical to the one of plasmid pIP501 of Streptococcus agalactiae. Erythromycin resistance is due to a 23S ribosomal RNA methyl transferase, again as found in pIP501 (ermB). The aminoglycoside resistance genes are packed in tandem as in transposon Tn5405 of Staphylococcus aureus: an aminoglycoside 6-adenyltransferase, a streptothricin acetyl transferase, and an aminoglycoside phosphotransferase.). Identical resistance genes are known from pathogens like Streptococcus pyogenes, S. agalactiae, S. aureus, Campylobacter coli, Clostridium perfringens, and Clostridium difficile. pRE25 is composed of a 30.5-kbp segment almost identical to pIP501. Of the 15 genes involved in conjugative transfer, 10 codes for putative transmembrane proteins (e.g. trsB, traC, trsF, trsJ, and trsL). The enterococcal part is joined into the pIP501 part by insertion elements IS1216V of E. faecium Tn1545 (three copies), and homologs of IS1062 (E. faecalis) and IS1485 (E. faecium). pRE25 demonstrates that enterococci from fermented food do participate in the molecular communication between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria of the human and animal microflora. | 2003 | 14597005 |
| 5381 | 13 | 0.8653 | Draft genome sequence of Staphylococcus urealyticus strain MUWRP0921, isolated from the urine of an adult female Ugandan. Staphylococcus urealyticus bacteria are pathogenic among immune-compromised individuals. A strain (MUWRP0921) of Staphylococcus urealyticus with a genome of 2,708,354 bp was isolated from Uganda and carries genes that are associated with antibiotic resistance, including resistance to macrolides (erm(C) and mph(C')), aminoglycosides (aac(6")-aph(2")), tetracyclines (tet(K)), and trimethoprim (dfrG). | 2024 | 38078696 |
| 5461 | 14 | 0.8653 | Molecular characteristics and comparative genomics analysis of a clinical Enterococcus casseliflavus with a resistance plasmid. PURPOSE: The aim of this work was to investigate the molecular characterization of a clinical Enterococcus casseliflavus strain with a resistance plasmid. MATERIALS AND METHODS: En. casseliflavus EC369 was isolated from a patient in a hospital in southern China. The minimum inhibitory concentration was found by means of the agar dilution method to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities of the strains. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics analysis were performed to analyze the mechanism of antibiotic resistance and the horizontal gene transfer of the resistance gene-related mobile genetic elements. RESULTS: En. casseliflavus EC369 showed resistance to erythromycin, kanamycin, and streptomycin, but was susceptible to vancomycin, ampicillin, and streptothricin and other antimicrobials. There were six resistance genes (aph3', ant6, bla, sat4, and two ermBs) carried by a transposon identified on the plasmid pEC369 and a complete resistance gene cluster of vancomycin and a tet (M) gene encoded on the chromosome. This is the first complete plasmid sequence reported in clinically isolated En. casseliflavus. The plasmid with the greatest sequence identity with pEC369 was the plasmid of Enterococcus sp. FDAARGOS_375, followed by the plasmids of Enterococcus faecium strains F12085 and pRE25, whereas the sequence with the greatest identity to the resistance genes carrying a transposon of pEC369 was on the chromosome of Staphylococcus aureus strain GD1677. CONCLUSION: The resistance profiles of En. casseliflavus EC369 might contribute to the resistance genes encoded on the plasmid. The fact that the most similar sequence to the transposon carrying resistance genes of pEC369 was encoded in the chromosome of a S. aureus strain provides insights into the mechanism of dissemination of multidrug resistance between bacteria of different species or genera through horizontal gene transfer. | 2018 | 30464559 |
| 5191 | 15 | 0.8651 | Draft genome sequences data of Mammaliicoccus lentus isolated from horse farm soil. Mammallicoccus lentus is a member of the commensal microflora of the Staphylococcaceae family, which colonizes the skin of several species of farm animals, including poultry and dairy animals (Huber et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2009). The study of the members of the Staphylococcaceae family, such as the Mammaliicoccus genus, isolated from various sources is of great importance for agriculture and public health as contributes to the accumulation of knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance gene transmission among bacterial pathogens. This thesis is supported by recent studies showing that some members of the Mammallicoccus genus serve as a reservoir of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes and may also be a source of horizontal gene transfer (Saraiva et al., 2021). Here, we present a draft genome sequence of Mammallicoccus lentus strain PVZ.22 from a horse farm soil sample. The sequencing was performed on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The genome was assembled using the Geneious software package. The genome contains 2,802,282 bp with a total of 2805 genes, 8 perfect and 12 strict AMR genes and 58 tRNAs genes. | 2023 | 38075610 |
| 9872 | 16 | 0.8651 | pCTX-M3-Structure, Function, and Evolution of a Multi-Resistance Conjugative Plasmid of a Broad Recipient Range. pCTX-M3 is the archetypic member of the IncM incompatibility group of conjugative plasmids (recently referred to as IncM2). It is responsible for the worldwide dissemination of numerous antibiotic resistance genes, including those coding for extended-spectrum β-lactamases and conferring resistance to aminoglycosides. The IncM plasmids acquired during evolution diverse mobile genetic elements found in one or two multiple resistance regions, MRR(s), grouping antibiotic resistance genes as well as mobile genetic elements or their remnants. The IncM plasmids can be found in bacteria inhabiting various environments. The information on the structure and biology of pCTX-M3 is integrated in this review. It focuses on the functional modules of pCTX-M3 responsible for its replication, stable maintenance, and conjugative transfer, indicating that the host range of the pCTX-M3 replicon is limited to representatives of the family Enterobacteriaceae (Enterobacterales ord. nov.), while the range of recipients of its conjugation system is wide, comprising Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria, and also Firmicutes. | 2021 | 33925677 |
| 1773 | 17 | 0.8650 | Detection of SXT/R391 integrative conjugative elements carrying tigecycline resistance genes in Shewanella spp. isolated from retail seafood. Tigecycline is a last resort antibiotic that is used to treat serious infections; however, some bacteria have developed tigecycline resistance by producing a tigecycline-inactivating enzyme or tigecycline resistance efflux pump, encoded by tet(X) and tmexCD-toprJ genes, respectively. Tons of seafood are consumed annually in China; however, whether seafood harbors tigecycline-resistant bacteria is not known. In this study, we isolated various tigecycline-resistant bacteria from retail seafood; among these, Shewanella was the predominant tigecycline-resistant genus (33/76, 43.4%). Genomic sequencing revealed that two Shewanella strains carried the tet(X4) gene, while one Shewanella chilikensis strain co-harbored tmexCD2-toprJ2 and bla(NDM-1) genes. The tet(X4) and tmexCD2-toprJ2 were found to be located on novel members of the SXT/R391 family of integrated conjugative elements (ICEs). As per our knowledge, this is the first report on the emergence of SXT/R391 ICEs carrying tet(X4) or tmexCD2-toprJ2 gene in Shewanella strains. The SXT/R391 family ICEs could mediate the spread of tigecycline resistance genes among aquatic bacteria, and contact between seafood and consumers may lead to the dissemination of tigecycline-resistant bacteria. Our study revealed that Shewanella spp. may act as potential reservoirs of tigecycline resistance genes. | 2025 | 40569748 |
| 1765 | 18 | 0.8650 | Molecular Characterization of a Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain R46 Isolated from a Rabbit. To investigate the mechanisms of multiple resistance and the horizontal transfer of resistance genes in animal pathogens, we characterized the molecular structures of the resistance gene-related sequences in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain R46 isolated from a rabbit. Molecular cloning was performed to clone the resistance genes, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured to determine the resistance characteristics of the cloned genes and related strains. A conjugation experiment was conducted to assess the transferability of the resistance plasmids. Sequencing and comparative genomic methods were used to analyze the structures of the resistance gene-related sequences. The K. pneumoniae R46 genome consisted of a chromosome and three resistance plasmids named pR46-27, pR46-42, and pR46-270, respectively. The whole genome encoded 34 antibiotic resistance genes including a newly identified chromosome-encoded florfenicol resistance gene named mdfA2. pR46-270, besides encoding 26 antibiotic resistance genes, carried four clusters of heavy metal resistance genes and several virulence-related genes or gene clusters. The plasmid-encoded resistance genes were mostly associated with mobile genetic elements. The plasmid with the most similarity to the floR gene-harboring plasmid pR46-27 was pCTXM-2271, a plasmid from Escherichia coli. The results of this work demonstrated that the plasmids with multidrug resistance genes were present in animal-derived bacteria and more florfenicol resistance genes such as mdfA2 could be present in bacterial populations. The resistance genes encoded on the plasmids may spread between the bacteria of different species or genera and cause the resistance dissemination. | 2019 | 31531339 |
| 6062 | 19 | 0.8650 | Characterization of Bifidobacterium asteroides Isolates. Bifidobacteria have long been recognized as bacteria with probiotic and therapeutic features. The aim of this work is to characterize the Bifidobacterium asteroides BA15 and BA17 strains, isolated from honeybee gut, to evaluate its safety for human use. An in-depth assessment was carried out on safety properties (antibiotic resistance profiling, β-hemolytic, DNase and gelatinase activities and virulence factor presence) and other properties (antimicrobial activity, auto-aggregation, co-aggregation and hydrophobicity). Based on phenotypic and genotypic characterization, both strains satisfied all the safety requirements. More specifically, genome analysis showed the absence of genes encoding for glycopeptide (vanA, vanB, vanC-1, vanC-2, vanD, vanE, vanG), resistance to tetracycline (tetM, tetL and tetO) and virulence genes (asa1, gelE, cylA, esp, hyl). | 2022 | 35336230 |