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248600.9981Virulence-associated genes and antimicrobial resistance patterns in bacteria isolated from pregnant and nonpregnant women with urinary tract infections: the risk of neonatal sepsis. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is classified as the major causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs). UPEC virulence and antibiotic resistance can lead to complications in pregnant women and (or) newborns. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the etiological agents of UTIs, as well as to identify genes related to virulence factors in bacteria isolated from pregnant and nonpregnant women. A total of 4506 urine samples were collected from pregnant and nonpregnant women. Urine cultures were performed, and PCR was used to identify phylogroups and virulence-related genes. Antibiotic resistance profiles were determined. The incidence of UTIs was 6.9% (pregnant women, n = 206 and nonpregnant women, n = 57), and UPEC belonging to phylogroup A was the most prevalent. The presence of genes related to capsular protection, adhesins, iron acquisition, and serum protection in UPEC was associated with not being pregnant, while the presence of genes related to adhesins was associated with pregnancy. Bacteria isolated from nonpregnant women were more resistant to antibiotics; 36.5% were multidrug resistant, and 34.9% were extensively drug resistant. Finally, UTIs were associated with neonatal sepsis risk, particularly in pregnant women who underwent cesarean section while having a UTI caused by E. coli. In conclusion, UPEC isolated from nonpregnant women carried more virulence factors than those isolated from pregnant women, and maternal UTIs were associated with neonatal sepsis risk.202337815047
169810.9981Molecular typing of bacterial vaginosis isolates by using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) PCR. OBJECTIVES: Bacterial vaginitis is one of the common conditions in the reproductive age of women characterized by inflammation in the vaginal mucosa. Among the various etiological agents that influence vaginitis, one of the most common etiological agents is bacteria that belongs to Enterobacteriaceae family members, including Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, which have been found as the primary common pathogen of aerobic vaginitis. This study aims to determine the genetic relatedness of the Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC-PCR) technique isolated from pregnant and nonpregnant patients diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patient's vaginal swabs were collected using a sterile vaginal swab and screened for Gram-negative bacteria, and then the genus of those bacteria was identified using gold-standard microbiology techniques such as culturomics. The disc diffusion method was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). The organism's susceptibility was tested against eleven antimicrobial agents. A single-plex PCR was carried out for the following genes: Temoneira (TEM), Sulfhydryl reagent variable (SHV), and Cefotaxime-hydrolyzing β-lactamase (CTXM). After identifying ESBL resistance using the endpoint PCR, the genetic relatedness between each strain was determined using ERIC-PCR. Then, the gel was analyzed using the Gel-J software to create the phylogenetic tree dendrogram to find the genetic variations. RESULTS: Antibiotic susceptibility testing and molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes demonstrated that antibiotic resistance is more prevalent in E. coli and K. pneumonia, which was shown to be the primary causative agent involved in bacterial vaginosis towards fluoroquinolone resistance. Over fifty percent of the isolates exhibited a multidrug resistance trait. CONCLUSION: This study's findings demonstrate an increase in multi-resistant strains of K. pneumoniae and E. coli prevalent in pregnant and nonpregnant women after examination. The results of the ERIC PCR analysis showed a significant genetic diversity between the strains of K. pneumoniae and E. coli, indicating the polyclonal distribution of these isolates in both pregnant and nonpregnant women presented with vaginal infections.202540216098
235520.9981Causative bacteria and antibiotic resistance in neonatal sepsis. BACKGROUND: Neonatal sepsis is characterised by bacteraemia and clinical symptoms caused by microorganisms and their toxic products. Gram negative bacteria are the commonest causes of neonatal Sepsis. The resistance to the commonly used antibiotics is alarmingly high. The major reason for emerging resistance against antibiotics is that doctors often do not take blood cultures before starting antibiotics. We have carried out this study to find out various bacteria causing neonatal sepsis and their susceptibility to antibiotics for better management of neonatal sepsis. METHODS: A total of 130 neonates with sepsis who were found to be blood culture positive were taken in this study. Culture/sensitivity was done, isolated organisms identified and their sensitivity/resistance was noted against different antibiotics. Data were arranged in terms of frequencies and percentage. RESULTS: Out of 130 culture proven cases of neonatal sepsis, gram negative bacteria were found in 71 (54.6%) cases and gram positive bacteria in 59 (45.4%) cases. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common bacteria found in 35 (26.9%) cases followed by Escherichia coli in 30 (23.1%) cases. Acinetobacter species, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Klebseila, Streptococci, Enterobacter cloacae and Morexella species were found in 17 (13.1%), 17 (13.1%), 13 (10%), 7 (5.4%), 6 (4.6%), and 5 (3.8%) cases respectively. In most of the cases causative organisms were found to be resistant to commonly used antibiotics like ampicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and ceftriaxone (77.7%, 81.5%, 63.1%, and 66.9% respectively). There was comparatively less (56.9%) resistance to ceftazidime. Gentamicin had resistance in 55.1% cases, while amikacin and tobramycin had relatively less resistance (17.4% and 34.8% cases respectively). Quinolones and imipenem had relatively less resistance. Vancomycin was found to be effective in 100% cases of Staphylococcus group. CONCLUSION: Staphylococcus aureus are the most common gram positive bacteria and Escherichia coli are the most common gram negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis. Resistance to commonly used antibiotics is alarmingly increasing. Continued surveillance is mandatory to assess the resistance pattern at a certain level.201224669633
216730.9981In and Outpatients Bacteria Antibiotic Resistances in Positive Urine Cultures from a Tertiary Care Hospital in the Western Part of Romania-A Cross-Sectional Study. BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Urinary tract infections (UTI) represent a global problem with implications for mortality and morbidity. Published data present different bacterial incidences and different antibiotic resistance. The objective of our study is to evaluate the bacteria distribution in positive urine cultures in a mixed adult population and evaluate the differences in antibiotic resistance in in- and outpatients. METHODS: We analyzed 1186 positive urine cultures in 2021 from the Emergency County Hospital "Pius Brinzeu" from Timisoara, Romania. We evaluated the bacteria distribution and antibiotic resistance stratified by in and outpatients from a mixed adult population. RESULTS: The median age was 67, with 65.7% females and 28.5% were outpatients. In inpatients, the most commonly identified bacteria was E. coli, followed by Enterococcus spp., and Klebsiella spp., while in outpatients, E. coli, Enterococcus spp., and Klebsiella spp. were the leading ones. Overall, E. coli presented the highest resistance rate to ampicillin, Enterococcus spp. to ciprofloxacin, Klebsiella spp. to cephalosporins, and Proteus spp. to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Inpatients presented higher resistance rates for E. coli to ceftazidime, cefuroxime, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, Klebsiella spp. to most cephalosporin, gentamycin and levofloxacin, Proteus spp. to gentamycin and Enterococcus spp. to gentamycin and quinolones when compared to outpatients. The highest incidence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria was among Acinetobacter baumanii, followed by Pseudomonas spp., and Serratia spp. CONCLUSIONS: susceptibility. Bacteria identified in inpatients' positive urine cultures present higher resistance rates to several antibiotics. Our study could be a foundation for a local or even national guideline for the antibiotic treatment of urinary tract infections.202540136614
220340.9981What about Urinary Tract Infections and its Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria in Ilam, Iran? BACKGROUND: Because of the unknown situation of antibiotic resistance pattern in the main hospital in Ilam, Iran, we aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance pattern of uropathogenic bacteria obtained from referred patients to Imam Khomaini Hospital, Ilam, Iran. So, 114 bacteria were collected during 9-month period and evaluated for their antibiotic resistance patterns. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that Escherichia coli as the dominant responsible for urinary tract infection. Our results demonstrated that 61.4 % (n = 70) of isolates were positive for E.coli, while lowest prevalence was observed for Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii. The results also showed that 6.4% (n = 7) were metallo beta lactamase (MBL) producers. Our findings showed only 4 gram positive bacteria were obtained from patients with urinary tract infections including one methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and 2 vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we strongly recommended to perform a perfect study among all hospitals in Iran to evaluate the situation of antibiotic resistance and make a real panel to control this issue.201829932037
241150.9981Genomic characterisation, detection of genes encoding virulence factors and evaluation of antibiotic resistance of Trueperella pyogenes isolated from cattle with clinical metritis. Trueperella pyogenes is one of the most important microorganisms causing metritis in post-partum cattle. Co-infection with other bacterial species such as Escherichia coli or Fusobacterium necrofurom increases the severity of the disease and the persistence of bacteria in utero. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of T. pyogenes strains, and their virulence and antimicrobial resistant profiles in metritis cases. The study was carried out on 200 samples obtained from metritis discharges of postpartum cattle on 18 farms around Tehran, Iran. Sixty-five T. pyogenes isolates (32.5%) were identified, of which 16 isolates were detected as pure cultures and the other 49 isolates from cultures most commonly mixed with E. coli or F. necrofurom. In terms of diversity in biochemical characteristic of T. pyogenes strains, 8 different biotypes were identified among the isolates. Single or multi antimicrobial resistance was observed in 48 isolates (73.9%), which was mostly against trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, azithromycin, erythromycin and streptomycin. The tetracycline resistance gene tetW and macrolide resistance genes ermB and ermX were detected in 30, 18 and 25 isolates, respectively. In the screening of genes encoding virulence factors, fimA and plo genes were identified in all tested isolates. Genes encoding nanP, nanH, fimC, fimG, fimE and cbpA were detected in 50, 54, 45, 40, 50 and 37 of isolates, respectively. Thirteen different genotypes were observed in these T. pyogenes isolates. A significant association between clonal types and virulence factor genes, biochemical profile, CAMP test result, severity of the disease and sampling time was detected.201830066209
221160.9981The molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance and identification of the aerobic bacteria isolated from pleural fluids obtained from patients. OBJECTIVE: Pleural effusion is a common clinical condition due to various etiological causes. Infectious pleural effusion can be seen in 20-40% of patients. In this study, follow-up of patients admitted to our hospital and diagnosed with pleural effusion are reported. It was aimed to investigate the prevalence of bacteria isolated from patients with pleural effusion and their antibiotic resistance profiles. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pleural fluids obtained from the patients during surgical operations were analyzed microbiologically. Conventional culture, Vitek 2, 16S rRNA, and single Polymerase Chain Reaction (sPCR) were used for microbiological analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-two (12.2%) bacteria were isolated from 180 patients. The most prominent of them were 16 (8.8%) Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. As for the antibiotic sensitivity, gram-negative bacteria showed the highest sensitivity to colistin, while Gram-positive bacteria showed sensitivity to different antibiotics. In 16S rRNA PCR, 22 samples were found to be positive. In the analysis of antibiotic resistance genes, the OXA-48 gene was determined as the highest. CONCLUSIONS: In our region, it is essential to perform a microbiological analysis of the sample in patients with pleural effusion. It was thought that revealing both the phenotype and genotype of the antibiotic resistance of the patients was important in terms of treatment. In hospital surveillance, it was considered important to reveal and record the resistance gene profiles of the patients.202236263534
86470.9980Prevalence and molecular characterization of β-lactamase producers and fluoroquinolone resistant clinical isolates from North East India. INTRODUCTION: The rapid emergence and variations of antibiotic resistance among common gram negative bacteria cause a significant concern specially in India and all over the world because of high mortality and morbidity rates. METHODS: In our study, we screened 189 bacterial isolates from Assam Medical College & Hospital, Dibrugarh for antibiotic resistance pattern and tried to identify the resistant genes causing responsible for β-lactam and fluoroquinolones resistance. RESULTS: More than 80% and 45% strains were resistant to all the 3rd generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones respectively. Among the 3rd generation cephalosporin resistant strains, 38% and 24% isolates were only ESBL and MBL producers respectively and 11% were reported to have both ESBL and MBL genes. The ESBL positive isolates have shown the dominance of CTX-M3 gene. VIM-1 gene was mostly reported in MBL producers. Our study probably for the first time reporting SIM-1 and SPM-1 MBL gene from India. Mutations in QRDR is found to be the primary cause of fluoroquinolone resistance along with efflux pump and PMQR presence. CONCLUSION: The study represents the first detailed study on antibiotic resistance from NE India this could help to take control measures for the emerging antibiotic resistance in hospital and community based infections in North East India.202133848892
297380.9980An evaluation of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates in urinary tract infections from Aguascalientes, Mexico: cross-sectional study. BACKGROUND: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) are one of the main bacteria causing urinary tract infections (UTIs). The rates of UPEC with high resistance towards antibiotics and multidrug-resistant bacteria have increased dramatically in recent years and could difficult the treatment. METHODS: The aim of the study was to determine multidrug-resistant bacteria, antibiotic resistance profile, virulence traits, and genetic background of 110 E. coli isolated from community (79 isolates) and hospital-acquired (31 isolates) urinary tract infections. The plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes presence was also investigated. A subset of 18 isolates with a quinolone-resistance phenotype was examined for common virulence genes encoded in diarrheagenic and extra-intestinal pathogenic E. coli by a specific E. coli microarray. RESULTS: Female children were the group most affected by UTIs, which were mainly community-acquired. Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, and ampicillin-sulbactam was most prevalent. A frequent occurrence of resistance toward ciprofloxacin (47.3%), levofloxacin (43.6%) and cephalosporins (27.6%) was observed. In addition, 63% of the strains were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Almost all the fluoroquinolone (FQ)-resistant strains showed MDR-phenotype. Isolates from male patients were associated to FQ-resistant and MDR-phenotype. Moreover, hospital-acquired infections were correlated to third generation cephalosporin and nitrofurantoin resistance and the presence of kpsMTII gene. Overall, fimH (71.8%) and fyuA (68.2%), had the highest prevalence as virulence genes among isolates. However, the profile of virulence genes displayed a great diversity, which included the presence of genes related to diarrheagenic E. coli. Out of 110 isolates, 25 isolates (22.7%) were positive to qnrA, 23 (20.9%) to qnrB, 7 (6.4%) to qnrS1, 7 (6.4%) to aac(6')lb-cr, 5 (4.5%) to qnrD, and 1 (0.9%) to qnrC genes. A total of 12.7% of the isolates harbored bla(CTX-M) genes, with bla(CTX-M-15) being the most prevalent. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary tract infection due to E. coli may be difficult to treat empirically due to high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Continuous surveillance of multidrug resistant organisms and patterns of drug resistance are needed in order to prevent treatment failure and reduce selective pressure. These findings may help choosing more suitable treatments of UTI patients in this region of Mexico.201830041652
239390.9980Detection of a mecC-positive Staphylococcus saprophyticus from bovine mastitis in Argentina. INTRODUCTION: Bovine mastitis causes important economic losses in the dairy industry. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are a group of bacteria commonly isolated from bovine mastitis and can display resistance to a wide range of antimicrobial agents. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine staphylococcal resistance towards β-lactam, macrolide and lincosamide antimicrobials in quarters previously treated with third-generation cephalosporin and after lincosamide intramammary therapy. METHODS: Sick quarters of eighteen cows from Villaguay, Entre Ríos (Argentina) with clinical mastitis were studied. All staphylococcal isolates were tested by disk diffusion for their antimicrobial susceptibilities. Cefoxitin resistance was investigated by PCR and sequencing for both the mecA and mecC genes. RESULTS: Resistances to penicillin, oxacillin and cefoxitin were observed, whereas no resistance to macrolide and lincosamide was detected. A cefoxitin-resistant Staphylococcus saprophyticus was found to be mecA-negative but mecC-positive. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports for the first time the mecC gene from a CNS in bovine mastitis in South America. Because CNS may act as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes, they can be seen as a potential public health threat with respect to antimicrobial resistance and the development of multiple resistance. Also, the emergence of methicillin-resistant phenotypes will limit therapeutic options.201728732791
2392100.9980Characterization of the resistome and predominant genetic lineages of Gram-positive bacteria causing keratitis. Bacterial keratitis is a vision-threatening infection mainly caused by Gram-positive bacteria (GPB). Antimicrobial therapy is commonly empirical using broad-spectrum agents with efficacy increasingly compromised by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. We used a combination of phenotypic tests and genome sequencing to identify the predominant lineages of GPB causing keratitis and to characterize their antimicrobial resistance patterns. A total of 161 isolates, including Staphylococcus aureus (n = 86), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; n = 34), Streptococcus spp. (n = 34), and Enterococcus faecalis (n = 7), were included. The population of S. aureus isolates consisted mainly of clonal complex 5 (CC5) (30.2%). Similarly, the population of Staphylococcus epidermidis was homogenous with most of them belonging to CC2 (78.3%). Conversely, the genetic population of Streptococcus pneumoniae was highly diverse. Resistance to first-line antibiotics was common among staphylococci, especially among CC5 S. aureus. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was commonly resistant to fluoroquinolones and azithromycin (78.6%) and tobramycin (57%). One-third of the CoNS were resistant to fluoroquinolones and 53% to azithromycin. Macrolide resistance was commonly caused by erm genes in S. aureus, mphC and msrA in CoNS, and mefA and msr(D) in streptococci. Aminoglycoside resistance in staphylococci was mainly associated with genes commonly found in mobile genetic elements and that encode for nucleotidyltransferases like ant(4')-Ib and ant(9)-Ia. Fluroquinolone-resistant staphylococci carried from 1 to 4 quinolone resistance-determining region mutations, mainly in the gyrA and parC genes. We found that GPB causing keratitis are associated with strains commonly resistant to first-line topical therapies, especially staphylococcal isolates that are frequently multidrug-resistant and associated with major hospital-adapted epidemic lineages.202438289077
2410110.9980Phenotypic and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Trueperella pyogenes strains isolated from bovine mastitis and metritis. BACKGROUND: Trueperella pyogenes is one of the most clinically imperative bacteria responsible for severe cases of mastitis and metritis, particularly in postpartum dairy cows. The bacterium has emergence of antibiotic resistance and virulence characters. The existing research was done to apprise the phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of antibiotic resistance and characterization of virulence factors in the T. pyogenes bacteria of bovine mastitis and metritis in postpartum cows. METHODS: Two-hundred and twenty-six bovine mastitic milk and 172 uterine swabs were collected and transferred to laboratory. Samples were cultured and T. pyogenes isolates were subjected to disk diffusion and DNA extraction. Distribution of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes was studied by PCR. RESULTS: Thirty-two out of 226 (14.15%) mastitic milk and forty-one out of 172 (23.83%) uterine swab samples were positive for T. pyogenes. Isolates of mastitic milk harbored the highest prevalence of resistance toward gentamicin (100%), penicillin (100%), ampicillin (90.62%), amoxicillin (87.50%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (87.50%), while those of metritis harbored the highest prevalence of resistance toward ampicillin (100%), amoxicillin (100%), gentamicin (97.56%), penicillin (97.56%) and cefalexin (97.56%). AacC, aadA1, aadA2 and tetW were the most generally perceived antibiotic resistance genes. All bacteria harbored plo (100%) and fimA (100%) virulence factors. NanP, nanH, fimC and fimE were also the most generally perceived virulence factors. CONCLUSIONS: All bacteria harbored plo and fimA virulence factors which showed that they can use as specific genetic markers with their important roles in pathogenicity of T. pyogenes bacteria. Phenotypic pattern of antibiotic resistance was confirmed by genotypic characterization of antibiotic resistance genes.201931881834
2204120.9980Multidrug resistance pattern of bacterial agents isolated from patient with chronic sinusitis. BACKGROUND: Treatment of chronic sinusitis is complicated due to increase of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine the multidrug resistance (MDR) pattern of the bacteria causing chronic sinusitis in north of Iran. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out on patients with chronic sinusitis. Bacterial susceptibility to antimicrobial agents was determined according to the CLSI 2013 standards. Double-disk synergy (DDS) test was performed for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria; also methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) strains were identified by MRSA screen agar. The MDR isolates were defined as resistant to 3 or more antibiotics. Data were analyzed using SPSS 17 software. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the features of the data in this study. RESULTS: The rate of ESBL-producing bacteria was 28.75-37.03% among enterobacteriaceae and the rate of MRSA was 42.75%-60% among Staphylococcus strains. The most detectable rate of the MDR bacterial isolates was Gram-negative bacteria 39 (76.47%) and Enterobacter spp. 19(70.37%) was the most multidrug resistant isolate among Gram negative bacteria. Also 36 (73.46%) of the gram positive bacterial isolated were multidrug resistance and Staphylococcus aureus 9(90%) was the most MDR among Gram positive bacteria. CONCLUSION: Antimicrobial resistance is increasing in chronic bacterial sinusitis. The emergence of MRSA and ESBL bacteria causing chronic sinusitis is increasing.201627386063
2412130.9980Characterization of Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Sudanese Banknotes and Determination of Their Resistance Profile. BACKGROUND: Banknotes are one of the most exchangeable items in communities and always subject to contamination by pathogenic bacteria and hence could serve as vehicle for transmission of infectious diseases. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of contamination by pathogenic bacteria in Sudanese banknotes, determine the susceptibility of the isolated organisms towards commonly used antibiotics, and detect some antibiotic resistance genes. METHODS: This study was carried out using 135 samples of Sudanese banknotes of five different denominations (2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 Sudanese pounds), which were collected randomly from hospitals, food sellers, and transporters in all three districts of Khartoum, Bahri, and Omdurman. Bacterial prevalence was determined using culture-based techniques, and their sensitivity patterns were determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Genotypic identification was carried out using PCR and 16S rDNA sequencing. Antibiotic resistance genes of some isolates were detected using PCR technique. RESULTS: All Sudanese banknotes were found to be contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae was found to be the most frequent isolate (23%), whereas Bacillus mycoides (15%) was the most abundant Gram-positive isolate. There was a significant relationship between the number of isolates and the banknote denomination with p value <0.05 (the lower denomination showed higher contamination level). Our study has isolated bacteria that are resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins. Multidrug-resistant strains harboring resistant genes (mecA, blaCTX-M, and blaTEM) were also detected. CONCLUSION: All studied Sudanese banknotes were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains, and may play a significant role in the transmission of bacterial infections.201830344610
2310140.9980Molecular and Clinical Data of Antimicrobial Resistance in Microorganisms Producing Bacteremia in a Multicentric Cohort of Patients with Cancer in a Latin American Country. Patients with cancer have a higher risk of severe bacterial infections. This study aims to determine the frequency, susceptibility profiles, and resistance genes of bacterial species involved in bacteremia, as well as risk factors associated with mortality in cancer patients in Colombia. In this prospective multicenter cohort study of adult patients with cancer and bacteremia, susceptibility testing was performed and selected resistance genes were identified. A multivariate regression analysis was carried out for the identification of risk factors for mortality. In 195 patients, 206 microorganisms were isolated. Gram-negative bacteria were more frequently found, in 142 cases (68.9%): 67 Escherichia coli (32.5%), 36 Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.4%), and 21 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.1%), and 18 other Gram-negative isolates (8.7%). Staphylococcus aureus represented 12.4% (n = 25). Among the isolates, resistance to at least one antibiotic was identified in 63% of them. Genes coding for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases, blaCTX-M and blaKPC, respectively, were commonly found. Mortality rate was 25.6% and it was lower in those with adequate empirical antibiotic treatment (22.0% vs. 45.2%, OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.1-0.63, in the multivariate model). In Colombia, in patients with cancer and bacteremia, bacteria have a high resistance profile to beta-lactams, with a high incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases. Adequate empirical treatment diminishes mortality, and empirical selection of treatment in this environment of high resistance is of key importance.202336838324
1163150.9980A Three-Year Look at the Phylogenetic Profile, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Associated Virulence Genes of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections, resulting in about 150 million reported annual cases. With multidrug resistance on the rise and the need for global and region surveillance, this investigation looks at the UPEC isolates collected for a 3-year period, with a view of ascertaining their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and associated virulence determinants. The identification of bacteria isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility, and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) production was determined with a Vitek 2 Compact Automated System (BioMerieux, Marcy L'Etoile, France). ESBLs were confirmed by the combined disc test (CDT) and basic biochemical test. The isolates were distributed into A (11%), B1 (6%), B2 (62.4%), and D (20.6%). Resistance to the penicillin group was high, between 88% and 100%. Additionally, resistance was high to cephalosporins (100%) in 2017 and 2018. The isolates were all sensitive to tigecycline, while resistance against imipenem and meropenem was low, at 4-12% in 2017 and 2018 and 0% in 2019. The results also showed that ESBL isolates were seen in 2017 and 2018. They were confirmed positive to CTX/CLA (88.5%) and CAZ/CLA (85%). By 2019, the number of resistant isolates reduced, showing only 4% ESBL isolates. Two virulence genes, fimH (46%) and papE/F (15%), were detected among the isolates by PCR. In conclusion, this study found that phylogroups B2 and D carried the most virulence genes as well as MDR and ESBL characteristics, suggesting the UPEC strains to be extraintestinal pathogens responsible for UTIs.202235745485
2356160.9980Occurrence of Multiple-Drug Resistance Bacteria and Their Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Burn Infections from Southwest of Iran. Burn infection continues to be a major issue of concern globally and causes more harm to developing countries. This study aimed to identify the aerobic bacteriological profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of burn infections in three hospitals in Abadan, southwest Iran. The cultures of various clinical samples obtained from 325 burn patients were investigated from January to December 2019. All bacterial isolates were identified based on the standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to the CLSI. A total of 287 bacterial species were isolated from burn patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent bacterial isolate in Gram-negative bacteria and S. epidermidis was the most frequent species isolated in Gram-positive bacteria. The maximum resistance was found to ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, while in Gram-negative bacteria, the maximum resistance was found to imipenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and amikacin. The occurrence of multidrug resistance phenotype was as follows: P. aeruginosa (30.3%), Enterobacter spp (11.1%), Escherichia coli (10.5%), Citrobacter spp (2.1%), S. epidermidis (2.8%), S. aureus, and S. saprophyticus (0.7%). Owing to the diverse range of bacteria that cause burn wound infection, regular investigation, and diagnosis of common bacteria and their resistance patterns is recommended to determine the proper antibiotic regimen for appropriate therapy.202234236077
2328170.9980Detection of Plasmid-Mediated qnr Genes Among the Clinical Quinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated in Tehran, Iran. BACKGROUND: Escherichia coli is one of the most important bacterial agents to cause urinary tract infections. Inappropriate and unnecessary administration of antibiotics has led to an increase in the appearance of multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates, limiting treatment options. The increase in a number of resistant strains of bacteria is a major concern of health authorities worldwide. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of the qnr genes among E. coli isolated from UTIs of patients in Baqiyatallah hospital in Tehran province, Iran. METHOD: Clinical urine samples of patients with suspected urinary tract infection were collected by standard methods in sterile disposable containers. After analysis of urine, microscopic observations and culture analysis, the bacterial genome was extracted by boiling method. PCR for detection of qnr genes including qnrA, qnrB and qnrS was done by specific primers, then PCR products were run using gel electrophoresis and visualized by gel documentation system. RESULTS: In the present study among the 95 isolates, 60 strains were resistant to nalidixic acid. PCR showed that 92 strains were positive for qnrS. The qnrA and qnrB genes were not found among the clinical isolates. CONCLUSION: Our finding indicates a high level of resistance against nalidixic acid among E. coli isolates recovered from the patients with UTI. Also, the high frequency of qnrS imposes the importance of survey of molecular and genetic analysis of mechanisms of quinolone resistance in E. coli strains.201830197698
2674180.9980Phylogeny, virulence factors and antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolated in clinical bovine mastitis. The aim of this study was to identify specific phylogeny groups, virulence genes or antimicrobial resistance traits of Escherichia coli isolated in bovine mastitis associated to clinical signs, persistence of intramammary infection in the quarter and recovery from mastitis. A total of 154 E. coli isolates from bovine clinical mastitis, 144 from the acute stage and 10 from follow-up samples 3 weeks later, originating from 144 cows in 65 dairy herds in Southern Finland were investigated. Phylogeny groups and virulence genes of the isolates were determined using polymerase chain reaction, and antimicrobial susceptibility using the VetMIC™ microdilution method. In ten cows (11.8%), infection persisted, confirmed by re-isolation of the same pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type from the affected quarter at 3 weeks post-treatment. The majority of isolates, 119 (82.6%), belonged to phylogeny group A, which mainly consisted of commensal strains. Altogether 56 isolates (38.9%) had at least one virulence gene detected. Most common virulence genes detected were irp2, iucD, papC iss; genes svg, stx1, stx2, cnf1 and hlyA were not found. Combinations of virulence genes varied greatly. Forty (27.8%) of the 144 E. coli isolates showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial tested. None of the studied phylogeny groups, virulence factors or antimicrobial resistance traits was associated with clinical signs, persistence of intramammary infection or clinical recovery from mastitis. The results support the conclusion that mastitis-causing E. coli bacteria are typical commensals.201120729012
2128190.9980Emerging Antibiotic Resistance to Bacterial Isolates from Human Urinary Tract Infections in Grenada. A urinary tract infection (UTI) in humans is one of the most common ailments in developing countries. The treatment of UTI is becoming difficult because of the increasing drug resistance against the common bacteria associated with UTI. This research aimed to determine the bacteria, and their antimicrobial drug resistance, associated with UTI in the Grenada population. A retrospective study of data (2015 through 2017) from the microbiology laboratory of the Grenada General Hospital was analyzed. Bacteria were isolated from 1289 (33.3%) urine cultures of 3867 UTI suspected urine samples. Both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus 5.0%; Enterococci group D 43.2%) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli 51%; Klebsiella pneumoniae20.0%; Proteus mirabilis 10.0%; Acinetobacter spp. 20.0%) were isolated. Bacterial isolates were tested for their resistance to nine antibacterial drugs (ampicillin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, Bactrim, imipenem, augmentin, and ciprofloxacin). Gram-negative bacteria showed higher antimicrobial drug resistance.201931700763