# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1257 | 0 | 0.9886 | Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in the Bacteria Isolated from Surgical Site Infection: Emphasis on Staphylococcus Aureus; Yasuj City, Southwest Iran. BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections (SSIs) in surgical wards remains the most common cause of postoperative complications and realistically is the third most common origin of healthcare-related conditions. Staphylococcus aureus is undoubtedly the most common bacteria causing SSIs. The current study aimed at investigating the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in bacteria isolated from SSIs, evaluation of tetracycline resistance genes, and SCCmec typing in S. aureus isolates isolated from patients with SSIs from 2018 to 2019 in Yasuj, Kohgiluyeh, and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. METHODS: This study diligently investigated 240 potential patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed properly by the disk diffusion method. For the final confirmation of isolated bacteria, PCR was used. The presence of tet genes and SCCmec typing was carried out by multiplex PCR. RESULTS: The results showed that the most common isolated pathogens included S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, and K. pneumonia in 58.8%, 19.8%, 9.2%, 6.8% and 5.4% of cases, respectively. The majority of the Gram positive isolates were resistant against penicillin (86%) and Gram negative were resistant against ciprofloxacin (75.6%). In isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, the mecA gene was detected in 63.6% of isolates. The predominant SCCmec types were type III (59.1%) and type I (18.4%). The tetK and tetM genes were detected in 80.7% and 71.9% of the S. aureus isolates, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between tet genes (tetK and tetM) from the viewpoint of resistance to tetracycline (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of the current study, it is recommended to administer vancomycin, amikacin, and imipenem in Yasuj to treat SSIs. | 2021 | 33616327 |
| 2130 | 1 | 0.9884 | Resistance and Biofilm Production Profile of Potential Isolated from Kpètè-Kpètè Used to Produce Traditional Fermented Beer. This study aimed to characterize the pathogenicity of bacteria isolated from the starter of two traditional beers produced and consumed in Benin. After standard microbial identification, species were identified by specific biochemical tests such as catalase, coagulase, and API 20 E. Antibiotic sensitivity was tested according to the French Society of Microbiology Antibiogram Committee. The crystal violet microplate technique evaluated the biofilm production and conventional PCR was used to identify genes encoding virulence and macrolide resistance. According to our data, the traditional starter known as kpètè-kpètè that is used to produce beer is contaminated by Enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci species. Thus, 28.43% of the isolated bacteria were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), and 10.93% coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS). Six species such as Klebsiella terrigena (1.38%), Enterobacter aerogens (4.14%), Providencia rettgeri (5.51%), Chryseomonas luteola (6.89%), Serratia rubidae (15.16%), and Enterobacter cloacae (27.56%) were identified among Enterobacteriaceae. Those bacterial strains are multi-resistant to conventional antibiotics. The hight capability of produced biofilms was recorded with Enterobacter aerogens, Klebsiella terrigena (100%), Providencia rettgeri (75%), and Staphylococcus spp (60%). Enterobacter cloacae (4%) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (5.55%) harbor the macrolide resistance gene. For other strains, these genes were not detected. Foods contaminated with bacteria resistant to antibiotics and carrying a virulence gene could constitute a potential public health problem. There is a need to increase awareness campaigns on hygiene rules in preparing and selling these traditional beers. | 2023 | 37630499 |
| 1406 | 2 | 0.9881 | Multicentre study of the burden of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the aetiology of infected diabetic foot ulcers. BACKGROUND: Infected diabetic foot ulcer (IDFU) is a public health issue and the leading cause of non-traumatic limb amputation. Very few published data on IDFU exist in most West African countries. OBJECTIVE: The study investigated the aetiology and antibacterial drug resistance burden of IDFU in tertiary hospitals in Osun state, Nigeria, between July 2016 and April 2017. METHODS: Isolates were cultured from tissue biopsies or aspirates collected from patients with IDFU. Bacterial identification, antibiotic susceptibility testing and phenotypic detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and carbapenemase production were done by established protocols. Specific resistance genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: There were 218 microorganisms isolated from 93 IDFUs, comprising 129 (59.2%) Gram-negative bacilli (GNB), 59 (27.1%) Gram-positive cocci and 29 (13.3%) anaerobic bacteria. The top five facultative anaerobic bacteria isolated were: Staphylococcus aureus (34; 15.6%), Escherichia coli (23; 10.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20; 9.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (19; 8.7%) and Citrobacter spp. (19; 8.7%). The most common anaerobes were Bacteroides spp. (7; 3.2%) and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (6; 2.8%). Seventy-four IDFUs (80%) were infected by multidrug-resistant bacteria, predominantly methicillin-resistant S. aureus and GNB producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases, mainly of the CTX-M variety. Only 4 (3.1%) GNB produced carbapenemases encoded predominantly by bla (VIM). Factors associated with presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria were peripheral neuropathy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 4.05, p = 0.04) and duration of foot infection of more than 1 month (AOR = 7.63, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Multidrug-resistant facultative anaerobic bacteria are overrepresented as agents of IDFU. A relatively low proportion of the aetiological agents were anaerobic bacteria. | 2021 | 33824857 |
| 2136 | 3 | 0.9881 | Antibiotic profiling of multidrug resistant pathogens in one-day-old chicks imported from Belgium to benin. BACKGROUND: Little data exist on the presence of resistant pathogens in day-old chicks imported into Benin. The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria was assessed in 180 one-day-old chicks imported from Belgium and received at the Cardinal Bernardin Gantin International Airport in Cotonou (Benin). The samples included swabbing the blisters of 180 chicks, followed by 18 pools of 10 swabs for bacterial isolation. Classic bacteriological methods based on Gram staining, culture on specific media and biochemical characterization were used. Antibacterial susceptibility screening to antibiotics was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method, and the results were interpreted according to guidelines from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). DNA extraction was performed by the heat treatment method. Resistance genes were screened by real-time PCR. RESULTS: We isolated 32 bacteria, including Escherichia coli (50%), Enterococcus spp. (28%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (10%). The isolates were investigated for antibiotic resistance against antibiotics using the disk diffusion method and showed that in the Escherichia coli strains isolated, the highest rate of resistance was obtained against ciprofloxacin (81%), followed by trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (62%). Enterobacter cloacae was sensitive to all the antibiotics tested. Pseudomonas spp. resistant to amoxicillin and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole was noted. The SulII gene was found in all cloacal samples, while the SulI and bla(TEM) genes were present at 44.44% and 16.67%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study confirms that imported day-old chicks can be a potential source of dissemination of resistant bacteria in poultry production. A system for immediate detection of resistant bacteria in chicks upon arrival in the country is thus needed. | 2023 | 36670436 |
| 1429 | 4 | 0.9879 | Detection of blaKPC and blaGES Carbapenemase Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Hospitalized Patients in Kashan, Iran. INTRODUCTION: Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing bacteria are among the highly antimicrobial resistant gram negative bacteria and infections due to them are an increasingly major health problem worldwide. METHODS: In this study we have detected the blaKPC and blaGES carbapenemase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized patients in Kashan, Iran. In a cross-sectional study, a total of 181 K. pneumoniae isolates were recovered from clinical specimens during November 2013 to October 2014. RESULT: Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles were determined using disk diffusion method according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) and CLSI guidelines. Carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae isolates were identified. PCR method and sequencing were used for detection of blaKPC and blaGES carbapenemase genes. Of the 181 K. pneumoniae isolates, 35 (19.3%) were found to be resistant to imipenem and 150 (82.9%) were identified as MDR strains. Among carbapenems, the most resistant rate 39 (21.5%) was seen against ertapenem using disk diffusion method. Of K. pneumoniae isolates 21 (11.6%) and 42 (23.2%) carried blaKPC and blaGES genes, respectively and 19(10.5%) carried both genes simultaneously. CONCLUSION: The data of current study revealed that the frequency of resistance to carbapenems and production of carbapenemase enzymes especially GES type was high among clinical isolates of K pneumoniae in Kashan, Iran. | 2016 | 27527726 |
| 1276 | 5 | 0.9879 | Should we leave the paper currency? A microbiological examination. OBJECTIVE: Pathogens can be transmitted to banknotes due to the personal unhygienic habits. The aim of study was to find the possible pathogens on the banknotes circulating in the market and also to present their antibacterial resistance and their various virulence factors using genotypic and phenotypic methods. METHODS: A total of 150 samples of bank-notes were randomly collected between August 2017 and March 2018. VITEK systems were used for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing respectively. Antimicrobial resistance genes (mecA, van, extended-spectrum β-lactamase [ESBL] and carbapenemases) and staphyloccoccal virulence genes (staphyloccoccal enterotoxins [SEs], pvl, and tsst-1) were determined using with real-time PCR. RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Enterococcus spp., Gram-negative enteric bacteria, non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria and Candida spp. were detected 48%, 54.7%, 56%, 21.3%, 18.7%, and 4%, respectively. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci and ESBL producing Gram-negative were found 46.8%, 1.3%, and 28.7%, respectively. Pvl, tsst-1, and SEs genes were found in a 2.8/4.9%, 1.4/1.2%, and 100/ 87.8% of the S. aureus/CoNS strains, respectively. The sea gene was found the most common enterotoxigenic gene. blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-1, blaKPC, and blaOXA-48 were found 55.8%, 46.5%, 41.2%, 18.6%, 18.6%, and 18.6%, respectively in Gram-negative strains. CONCLUSIONS: These results is very important to highlight hygienic status of paper currencies. This can be considered as an indication that banknotes may contribute to the spread of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, we may need to start using alternative products instead of banknotes. | 2020 | 32066229 |
| 1237 | 6 | 0.9878 | Characterization of Gene Families Encoding Beta-Lactamases of Gram-Negative Rods Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Vegetables in Mexico City. Beta-lactam resistant bacteria, which are commonly resident in tertiary hospitals, have emerged as a worldwide health problem because of ready-to-eat vegetable intake. We aimed to characterize the genes that provide resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in Enterobacteriaceae, isolated from five commercial salad brands for human consumption in Mexico City. In total, twenty-five samples were collected, grown in blood agar plates, and the bacteria were biochemistry identified and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done. The carried family genes were identified by endpoint PCR and the specific genes were confirmed with whole genome sequencing (WGS) by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS). Twelve positive cultures were identified and their microbiological distribution was as follows: 8.3% for Enterobacter aerogene (n = 1), 8.3% for Serratia fonticola (n = 1), 16.7% for Serratia marcesens (n = 2), 16.7% for Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 2), and 50% (n = 6) for Enterobacter cloacae. The endpoint PCR results showed 11 colonies positive for blaBIL (91.7%), 11 for blaSHV (91.7%), 11 for blaCTX (97.7%), 12 for blaDHA (100%), four for blaVIM (33.3%), two for blaOXA (16.7%), two for blaIMP (16.7%), one for blaKPC (8.3%), and one for blaTEM (8.3%) gen; all samples were negative for blaROB, blaCMY, blaP, blaCFX and blaLAP gene. The sequencing analysis revealed a specific genotype for Enterobacter cloacae (blaSHV-12, blaCTX-M-15, blaDHA-1, blaKPC-2); Serratia marcescens (blaSHV-1, blaCTX-M-3, blaDHA-1, blaVIM-2); Klebsiella pneumoniae (blaSHV-12, blaCTX-M-15, blaDHA-1); Serratia fonticola (blaSHV-12, blaVIM-1, blaDHA-1); and, Enterobacter aerogene (blaSHV-1, blaCTX-M-1, blaDHA-1, blaVIM-2, blaOXA-9). Our results indicate that beta-lactam-resistant bacteria have acquired integrons with a different number of genes that provide pan-resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, oxacillins, cefalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems, and imipenems. | 2018 | 30477153 |
| 1461 | 7 | 0.9878 | Phenotypic and Genetic Characterization of Carbapenemase and ESBLs Producing Gram-negative Bacteria (GNB) Isolated from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) in Tehran Hospitals. BACKGROUND: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder in white populations caused by mutation in a gene that encodes Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein. Since frequent respiratory tract infections are the major problem in patients with CF, obligation to identify the causative bacteria and determining their antibiotic resistance pattern is crucial. The purpose of this project was to detect Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolated from sputa of CF patients and to determine their antibiotic resistance pattern. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sputum of 52 CF patients, treated as inpatients at hospitals in Tehran, was obtained between November 2011 and June 2012. Samples cultured in selective and non-selective media and GNB recognized by biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing to cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and carbapenems was performed by disk diffusion method and MICs of them were measured. For phenotypic detection of carbapenemase and ESBLs production, the Modified Hodge test, double disk synergy test and the combined disk methods were performed. Subsequently, the genes encoding the extended spectrum beta-lactamases (blaPER, blaCTX-M) and carbapenemases (blaIMP-1, blaGES, blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-2, blaSPM, blaSIM) in Gram negative bacteria were targeted among the resistant isolates by using PCR. PFGE was used to determine any genetic relationship among the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from these patients. RESULTS: Fifty five GNB were isolated from 52 sputum samples including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella ozaenae, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, Achromobacter denitrificans, Klebsiella pneumonia and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The rates of resistance to different antibiotic were as follows: cefixime (%80), ceftriaxone (%43), ceftazidime (%45) and meropenem (%7). The prevalence of genes encoding the ESBLs and Carbapenemases among the the phenotypically positive strains were as follows: blaCTX-M (19), blaIMP-1 (2), blaVIM-1 (2) and blaVIM-2 (3) genes respectively. No other genes were detected. PFGE analysis revealed 8 genotypes. Six isolates had mutually 3 similar patterns. CONCLUSION: This study showed the existence of important ESBLs and carbapenemases genes among the GNB isolated from patients with CF. Continuous surveillance of ESBLs and Carbapenemases, also identification of their types, in bacteria isolated from these patients have an important clinical impact, since, it can often provide valuable information for effective infection control measures and for the choice of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. | 2014 | 24596716 |
| 1407 | 8 | 0.9878 | World Health Organization priority antimicrobial resistance in Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium healthcare-associated bloodstream infections in Brazil (ASCENSION): a prospective, multicentre, observational study. BACKGROUND: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) are listed by World Health Organization (WHO) as priority antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Data on WHO Priority Antimicrobial resistance Phenotype (WPAP) bacteria from low- and middle-income countries are scarce. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of WPAP in healthcare-associated bloodstream infections (BSI) in Brazil, an upper-middle-income country in South America. METHODS: ASCENSION was a prospective, multicentre, observational study conducted in 14 hospitals from four of five Brazilian regions. Enterobacterales, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus and E. faecium BSIs in hospitalised patients were analysed. The primary outcome was the frequency of WPAP among all bacteria of interest. Secondary outcomes were incidence-density of bacteria isolates in hospitalised patients, WPAP proportions within bacterial species, and 28-day mortality. PCR for carbapenemase genes was performed in carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. FINDINGS: Between August 15, 2022, and August 14, 2023, 1350 isolates (1220 BSI episodes) were included. WPAP accounted for 38.8% (n = 524; 95% Confidence Interval 32.0-46.1) of all isolates, with CRE (19.3%) as the most frequent, followed by CRAB (9.6%), MRSA (4.9%), VRE (2.7%), and CRPA (2.4%). Incidence-density of all and WPAP isolates were 1.91 and 0.77/1000 patients-day, respectively. Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) was the most common CRE, corresponding to 14.2% of all BSIs. A. baumannii isolates presented the highest proportion of WPAP (87.8%). Mortality rates were higher in patients with BSIs by WPAP than non-WPAP isolates. KPC (64.4%) was the predominant carbapenemase in CRE, followed by NDM (28.4%) and KPC + NDM co-production (7.1%). OXA-23 was the most frequent in CRAB. INTERPRETATION: A high frequency of WPAP bacteria, particularly CRKP and CRAB, were found in healthcare-associated BSIs in Brazil, posing them as a major public health problem in this country. FUNDING: National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, Brazil. | 2025 | 39957800 |
| 2347 | 9 | 0.9877 | Multiple drug resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from aborted women by using serological and molecular techniques in Diwaniyah city/Iraq. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The study was sought to detect the effect of Listeria monocytogenes on pregnant Iraqi women at Al-Diwaniya hospitals and determination of virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 360 specimens including blood, urine, vaginal and endocervical were collected from 90 patients with spontaneous abortions. Blood samples were displayed to immunological study and remaining specimens were subjected to bacteriological diagnosis. PCR was used to determine the virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes. RESULTS: Fifteen positive samples (16.6%) of patients and thirteen isolates (14.5%) from patients were recognized based on ELISA and PCR assay respectively. The general isolation of L. monocytogenes strains in cases of abortive women was 13/270 (4.8%). L. monocytogenes strains were highly virulent because of presence of virulence factors associated genes, namely actA, hlyA, plcA and prfA in all strains. Multiple drug resistance (MAR) index values of 15.4% of isolates were >0.2. CONCLUSION: It is necessary for conducting susceptibility testing and to select the suitable antibiotics and avoid the effects of these bacteria in pregnant women. | 2020 | 32994901 |
| 1433 | 10 | 0.9877 | Carbapenem resistance in gram-negative pathogens in an Iranian hospital: high prevalence of OXA-type carbapenemase genes. BACKGROUND: The widespread dissemination of carbapenem- resistant gram-negative bacteria poses a significant threat to global public health. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients at the Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran, to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance. METHODS: During the period spanning from June 2019 to June 2020, 777 gram-negative bacterial strains were isolated. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect carbapenem resistance genes including bla OXA23, bla OXA24, bla OXA48, bla OXA51, bla OXA58, bla OXA143, bla KPC, bla IMP, bla VIM, and bla NDM. RESULTS: Among the total bacterial isolates, 141 (18.1%) exhibited carbapenem resistance. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent (57.4%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.3%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (10.6%). Other notable contributors included Enterobacter spp. (5.7%), Salmonella spp. (3.5%), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (2.8%). Citrobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributed to the distributions of 2, 1, and 3 isolates, respectively. Notably, bla OXA48 showed the highest prevalence (33%), followed by bla OXA143 and bla OXA5 8 (27% and 24%, respectively). In addition, bla OXA24 was present in 11% of the total isolates, bla OXA23 in 10%, and bla NDM in 10%, whereas bla KPC, bla VIM, and bla IMP were not detected. CONCLUSION: Our study highlights the prevalence of carbapenemase- producing gram-negative isolates among pediatric patients. Notable resistance patterns, especially in K. pneumoniae and E. coli, underline the urgent need for proactive interventions, including appropriate antibiotic prescription practices and strengthening of antibiotic stewardship programs. | 2025 | 39483044 |
| 2187 | 11 | 0.9877 | Multicentre investigation of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in Chinese patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. OBJECTIVE: A prospective observational study to investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) in Beijing, China. METHODS: Patients with AECOPD were recruited from 11 general hospitals. Sputum specimens were cultured and bacteria identified. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined for each isolate, and presence of antibiotic resistance genes was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 109/318 patients (34.28%); 124 isolates of 22 pathogenic bacterial species were identified, including Klebsiella pneumoniae (16.94%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.94%), Acinetobacter baumannii (11.29%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (8.87%), and Staphylococcus aureus (7.26%). S. aureus was sensitive to tigecycline, teicoplanin, vancomycin and linezolid but resistant to penicillin and levofloxacin. K.pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii and E. coli were susceptible to amikacin and cefoperazone. CONCLUSIONS: K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa are the most common pathogenic bacteria in AECOPD cases in Beijing, China. Our antibiotic resistance findings may be helpful in selecting antibiotic therapy. | 2015 | 26152913 |
| 2156 | 12 | 0.9877 | Antimicrobial resistance in urinary pathogens and culture-independent detection of trimethoprim resistance in urine from patients with urinary tract infection. BACKGROUND: Although urinary tract infections (UTIs) are extremely common, isolation of causative uropathogens is not always routinely performed, with antibiotics frequently prescribed empirically. This study determined the susceptibility of urinary isolates from two Health and Social Care Trusts (HSCTs) in Northern Ireland to a range of antibiotics commonly used in the treatment of UTIs. Furthermore, we determined if detection of trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA) could be used as a potential biomarker for rapid detection of phenotypic trimethoprim resistance in urinary pathogens and from urine without culture. METHODS: Susceptibility of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates (n = 124) to trimethoprim, amoxicillin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, co-amoxiclav and nitrofurantoin in addition to susceptibility of Proteus mirabilis (n = 61) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (n = 17) to trimethoprim was determined by ETEST® and interpreted according to EUCAST breakpoints. PCR was used to detect dfrA genes in bacterial isolates (n = 202) and urine samples(n = 94). RESULTS: Resistance to trimethoprim was observed in 37/124 (29.8%) E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates with an MIC(90) > 32 mg/L. DfrA genes were detected in 29/37 (78.4%) trimethoprim-resistant isolates. Detection of dfrA was highly sensitive (93.6%) and specific (91.4%) in predicting phenotypic trimethoprim resistance among E. coli and Klebsiella spp. isolates. The dfrA genes analysed were detected using a culture-independent PCR method in 16/94 (17%) urine samples. Phenotypic trimethoprim resistance was apparent in isolates cultured from 15/16 (94%) dfrA-positive urine samples. There was a significant association (P < 0.0001) between the presence of dfrA and trimethoprim resistance in urine samples containing Gram-negative bacteria (Sensitivity = 75%; Specificity = 96.9%; PPV = 93.8%; NPV = 86.1%). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that molecular detection of dfrA genes is a good indicator of trimethoprim resistance without the need for culture and susceptibility testing. | 2022 | 35610571 |
| 1222 | 13 | 0.9876 | Molecular Characterization and the Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Foods in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistantfood-borne bacteria is a great challenge to public health. This study was conducted to characterize and determine the resistance profile of Salmonella strains isolated from foods including sesames, ready-to-eat (RTE) salads, mango juices, and lettuce in Burkina Faso. One hundred and forty-eight biochemically identified Salmonella isolates were characterized by molecular amplification of Salmonella marker invA and spiC, misL, orfL, and pipD virulence genes. After that, all confirmed strains were examined for susceptibility to sixteen antimicrobials, and PCR amplifications were used to identify the following resistance genes: bla (TEM), temA, temB, StrA, aadA, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B). One hundred and eight isolates were genetically confirmed as Salmonella spp. Virulence genes were observed in 57.4%, 55.6%, 49.1%, and 38% isolates for pipD, SpiC, misL, and orfL, respectively. Isolates have shown moderate resistance to gentamycin (26.8%), ampicillin (22.2%), cefoxitin (19.4%), and nalidixic acid (18.5%). All isolates were sensitive to six antibiotics, including cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, and ciprofloxacin. Among the 66 isolates resistant to at least one antibiotic, 11 (16.7%) were multidrug resistant. The Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance (MAR) index of Salmonella serovars ranged from 0.06 to 0.53. PCR detected 7 resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), bla (TEM), temB, sul1, sul2, and aadA) in drug-resistant isolates. These findings raise serious concerns because ready-to-eat food in Burkina Faso could serve as a reservoir for spreading antimicrobial resistance genes worldwide. | 2022 | 36406904 |
| 2437 | 14 | 0.9876 | Periodontal pathogens and tetracycline resistance genes in subgingival biofilm of periodontally healthy and diseased Dominican adults. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the periodontopathogen prevalence and tetracycline resistance genes in Dominican patients with different periodontal conditions. METHODS: Seventy-seven samples were collected from healthy, gingivitis, chronic (CP) and aggressive (AgP) periodontitis patients. Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Parvimonas micra, Eikenella corrodens and Dialister pneumosintes and 11 resistance genes were studied by PCR. P. gingivalis fimA genotype was determined. RESULTS: In healthy patients, P. micra and P. intermedia were the most and least frequently detected, respectively. T. forsythia and E. corrodens appeared in 100% of gingivitis patients. Red complex, D. pneumosintes and E. corrodens were significantly more prevalent in CP compared to healthy patients. F. nucleatum and T. denticola were detected more frequently in AgP. A. actinomycetemcomitans was the most rarely observed in all groups. The fimA II genotype was the most prevalent in periodontitis patients. Seven tetracycline-resistant genes were detected. tet(Q), tet(32) and tet(W) showed the greatest prevalence. tet(32) was significantly more prevalent in CP than in healthy patients. CONCLUSIONS: Red complex bacteria and D. pneumosintes were significantly the most prevalent species among periodontitis patients. T. forsythia was the most frequently detected in this population. To our knowledge, this is the first study describing the tet(32) gene in subgingival biofilm from healthy and periodontally diseased subjects. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study contributes to the knowledge on the subgingival microbiota and its resistance genes of a scarcely studied world region. Knowing the prevalence of resistance genes could impact on their clinical prescription and could raise awareness to the appropriate use of antibiotics. | 2016 | 26121972 |
| 2135 | 15 | 0.9876 | Prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria associated with polymicrobial infections. BACKGROUND: Wounds remain the most important cause of postoperative mortality and morbidity and generate considerable additional social and healthcare costs. Most wounds are caused by various coliforms, Enterococcus fecalis, Proteus sp., and multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Wound is one of the leading cause of infections in the under developed and developing countries than developed nations. METHODS: A total of 43 samples associated with bacteremia and wound infection were collected. Biochemical characterization and culture characteristics of the drug resistant isolates were studied using MacConkey agar, blood agar and mannitol-salt agar. Antibiotic susceptibility analysis of the isolated strains was performed by disc diffusion method using various antibiotics. Prevalence of dug resistance among bacteria isolated from the wound was studied. The ability of Beta lactamase antibiotic producing bacterial strains were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 168 bacterial strains were isolated showed high resistant towards ampicillin (89%), ciprofloxacin (90.8), cefepine (90.5), piperacillin (91.8), oxacillin (92.5), and imipenem (96.5). The isolated bacterial strains showed monobacterial as well as polybacterial growth on the surface of the wound. The isolated bacterial strains revealed 89% sensitivity against norfloxacin and 94.9 sensitivity against vancomycin. About 26% of bacterial strains degraded quinolones, whereas only 14% clinical isolates showed their ability to degrade aminoglycosides. A total of 27% bacteria degraded tetracycline and 51% of isolates degraded carbapenems compounds. Interestingly, E. faecalis was resistant against antibiotics such as, Oxacillin, Nalidic acid, Ofloxacin, Erythromycin, Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Cefepine, Amikacin, Cefurooxime, Vancomycin, Piperacillin, Imipenem and Gentamycin. Moreover, Proteus species was resistant against certain numbers of antibiotics namely, Ampicillin, Piperacillin, Oxacillin, Nalidic acid, Tetracycline, Erythromycin, Cefurooxime, Nitrofurantoin, Vancomycin and Imipenem. CONCLUSIONS: The isolated bacterial strains were resistant against various drugs including vancomycin. Staphylococci, and E. faecalisis strains showed resistance against various classes of antibiotics. | 2021 | 34801434 |
| 1468 | 16 | 0.9876 | Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Different Clinical Sources in Al-Najaf Province-Iraq. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Burns infections and urinary tract infections are the most important prevalent diseases in Asian countries, such as Iraq. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most important bacteria cause this type of infections especially in hospitals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of multi-drug resistance K. pneumoniae and extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing K. pneumoniae isolates from inpatients with urinary tract infection and burns infections in Al-Kufa hospital in Al-Najaf province, Iraq. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 285 clinical samples were collected from in-patients infected with urinary tract infection (141 urine samples) and burns infections (144 burns swabs). Fourteen different antibiotics were used by disc diffusion method and 13 antimicrobials resistance genes were used by PCR technique. RESULTS: A total of 43 K. pneumoniae strains were isolated. The highest resistance rate was observed for amoxicillin 25 μg and amoxicillin+clavulanic acid 20+10 μg (97.67%) while the lowest resistance rate was observed for imipenem 10 μg (9.30%). The most common resistance associated-genes were blaSHV (86.04%) and at lower prevalence were IMP (9.30%). CONCLUSION: Klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated from burns infections were more virulent than those isolated from urinary tract infections. | 2017 | 29023034 |
| 1462 | 17 | 0.9876 | Phenotypic synergy testing of ceftazidime-avibactam with aztreonam in a university hospital having high number of metallobetalactamase producing bacteria. BACKGROUND: Ceftazidime-avibactam combination with aztreonam and role of rapid synergy reporting has not been widely evaluated. Also the synergy correlation with various betalactamases has not been widely studied. METHODS: We studied phenotypic synergy testings and molecular detection of betalactamases in our university hospital where we have large number of mellatobetalactmase producing bacteria. We tested two phenotypic synergy methods for ceftazidime-avibactam with aztreonam (Disc-E strip method, E strip-Agar method) for rapid reporting to clinicians (153 isolates). The treatment (colistin, ceftazidime-avibactam, ceftazidime-avibactam with aztreonam) was guided as indicated in the synergy testings. The resistance genes in bacteria were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and correlated with synergy results. RESULTS: The highest synergy was seen in Klebsiella pneumoniae by Disc-E strip and E strip-Agar method (86% and 84% respectively). About 70% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and 29% of Escherichia coli showed synergy. Molecular methods revealed multiple resistance gene combinations and bla(NDM) (96%) was predominant gene in isolates showing synergy. Among isolates that were sensitive to ceftazidime-avibactam, the predominant genes were bla(OXA-48) and bla(IMP.) Rapid laboratory reporting led to proper utilization of antibiotic combinations. CONCLUSIONS: Ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam rapid synergy testing will be highly beneficial in treatment of infections by metallobetalactamase producing resistant bacteria, especially K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. | 2020 | 32628575 |
| 1253 | 18 | 0.9876 | Phenotypic and Genotypic Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Genotyping of vacA, cagA, iceA, oipA, cagE, and babA2 Alleles of Helicobacter pylori Bacteria Isolated from Raw Meat. BACKGROUND: Foodstuffs with animal origins, particularly meat, are likely reservoirs of Helicobacter pylori. PURPOSE: An existing survey was accompanied to assess phenotypic and genotypic profiles of antibiotic resistance and genotyping of vacA, cagA, cagE, iceA, oipA, and babA2 alleles amongst the H. pylori bacteria recovered from raw meat. METHODS: Six-hundred raw meat samples were collected and cultured. H. pylori isolates were tested using disk diffusion and PCR identification of antibiotic resistance genes and genotyping. RESULTS: Fifty-two out of 600 (8.66%) raw meat samples were contaminated with H. pylori. Raw ovine meat (13.07%) had the uppermost contamination. H. pylori bacteria displayed the uppermost incidence of resistance toward tetracycline (82.69%), erythromycin (80.76%), trimethoprim (65.38%), levofloxacin (63.46%), and amoxicillin (63.46%). All H. pylori bacteria had at least resistance toward one antibiotic, even though incidence of resistance toward more than eight antibiotics was 28.84%. Total distribution of rdxA, pbp1A, gyrA, and cla antibiotic resistance genes were 59.61%, 51.92%, 69.23%, and 65.38%, respectively. VacA s1a (84.61%), s2 (76.92%), m1a (50%), m2 (39.13%), iceA1 (38.46%), and cagA (55.76%) were the most generally perceived alleles. S1am1a (63.46%), s2m1a (53.84%), s1am2 (51.92%), and s2m2 (42.30%) were the most generally perceived genotyping patterns. Frequency of cagA-, oipA-, and babA2- genotypes were 44.23%, 73.07%, and 80.76%, respectively. A total of 196 combined genotyping patterns were also perceived. CONCLUSION: The role of raw meat, particularly ovine meat, in transmission of virulent and resistant H. pylori bacteria was determined. VacA and cagA genotypes had the higher incidence. CagE-, babA2-, and oipA- H. pylori bacteria had the higher distribution. Supplementary surveys are compulsory to originate momentous relations between distribution of genotypes, antibiotic resistance, and antibiotic resistance genes. | 2020 | 32099418 |
| 1463 | 19 | 0.9876 | Identification of colistin resistance and its bactericidal activity against uropathogenic gram negative bacteria from Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. OBJECTIVES: Identification of colistin resistance and its bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI) patients. METHODS: This 6-month cross sectional study was conducted in Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from January 2019-June2019.. A total of 2000 urine samples were collected and transported to the Health Research Institute, NIH, Research Centre, Khyber Medical College Peshawar. Samples were streaked on different media and incubated at 37C° for 24hrs. Gram negative bacteria were identified through gram staining and Analytical Profile Index (API) 10s. Gram negative bacteria were subjected under antibiotic sensitivity profile through Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Colistin resistance was found through broth microdilution method. Minimum bactericidal activity was performed to find out the lowest concentration of colistin required to kill gram-negative bacteria. RESULTS: A total of 241(12.05%) uropathogenic gram negative bacteria were isolated and identified from 2000 urine samples while excluding intrinsically resistant bacteria. After broth microdilution, colistin resistance was found in 48(19.9%) Escherichia coli, 4(1.6%) Klebsiella pneumoniae and 3(1.3%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. Colistin resistant Escherichia coli were resistant to 77% Cephalosporins, 81% to Fluoroquinolones and 70% to Penicillin combinations. Colistin resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae were 100% resistant to Cephalosporins, Penicillin combinations and Fluoroquinolones while 75% were resistant to Carbapenems and Monobactams. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were sensitive to all used antibiotics. CONCLUSION: E.coli was the mainly responsible uropathogen causing UTIs. Colistin resistance was found in 22.8% gram negative uropathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates exhibited highest resistance to antibiotics. | 2022 | 35634614 |