# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 3 | 0 | 0.9790 | Noncanonical coproporphyrin-dependent bacterial heme biosynthesis pathway that does not use protoporphyrin. It has been generally accepted that biosynthesis of protoheme (heme) uses a common set of core metabolic intermediates that includes protoporphyrin. Herein, we show that the Actinobacteria and Firmicutes (high-GC and low-GC Gram-positive bacteria) are unable to synthesize protoporphyrin. Instead, they oxidize coproporphyrinogen to coproporphyrin, insert ferrous iron to make Fe-coproporphyrin (coproheme), and then decarboxylate coproheme to generate protoheme. This pathway is specified by three genes named hemY, hemH, and hemQ. The analysis of 982 representative prokaryotic genomes is consistent with this pathway being the most ancient heme synthesis pathway in the Eubacteria. Our results identifying a previously unknown branch of tetrapyrrole synthesis support a significant shift from current models for the evolution of bacterial heme and chlorophyll synthesis. Because some organisms that possess this coproporphyrin-dependent branch are major causes of human disease, HemQ is a novel pharmacological target of significant therapeutic relevance, particularly given high rates of antimicrobial resistance among these pathogens. | 2015 | 25646457 |
| 2452 | 1 | 0.9774 | Worrying levels of antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from cell phones and uniforms of Peruvian intensive care unit workers. BACKGROUND: Healthcare worker (HCW) uniforms and cell phones are involved in pathogen transmission. This study aimed to characterize pathogenic microorganism isolates from HCW uniforms and cell phones. METHODS: Gram-negative microorganisms were recovered from HCW uniforms and cell phones. Antimicrobial susceptibility and the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and carbapenemases were determined. RESULTS: Escherichia coli was the most prevalent microorganism. Overall, high levels of resistance to cephalosporins, quinolones, co-trimoxazole and colistin were found. ESBL were mainly related to blaCTX-M-15 and blaSHV- genes. Carbapenem-resistant isolates presented as blaKPC or blaNDM. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of antimicrobial resistance, including colistin, were detected. Therefore, strategies are urgently needed to prevent bacterial dissemination. | 2022 | 34993550 |
| 822 | 2 | 0.9772 | Exoglucanase-encoding genes from three Wickerhamomyces anomalus killer strains isolated from olive brine. Wickerhamomyces anomalus killer strains are important for fighting pathogenic yeasts and for controlling harmful yeasts and bacteria in the food industry. Targeted disruption of key genes in β-glucan synthesis of a sensitive Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain conferred resistance to the toxins of W. anomalus strains BS91, BCA15 and BCU24 isolated from olive brine. Competitive inhibition of the killing activities by laminarin and pustulan refer to β-1,3- and β-1,6-glucans as the main primary toxin targets. The extracellular exoglucanase-encoding genes WaEXG1 and WaEXG2 from the three strains were sequenced and were found to display noticeable similarities to those from known potent W. anomalus killer strains. | 2013 | 23148020 |
| 554 | 3 | 0.9769 | VanZ Reduces the Binding of Lipoglycopeptide Antibiotics to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae Cells. vanZ, a member of the VanA glycopeptide resistance gene cluster, confers resistance to lipoglycopeptide antibiotics independent of cell wall precursor modification by the vanHAX genes. Orthologs of vanZ are present in the genomes of many clinically relevant bacteria, including Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus pneumoniae; however, vanZ genes are absent in Staphylococcus aureus. Here, we show that the expression of enterococcal vanZ paralogs in S. aureus increases the minimal inhibitory concentrations of lipoglycopeptide antibiotics teicoplanin, dalbavancin, oritavancin and new teicoplanin pseudoaglycone derivatives. The reduction in the binding of fluorescently labeled teicoplanin to the cells suggests the mechanism of VanZ-mediated resistance. In addition, using a genomic vanZ gene knockout mutant of S. pneumoniae, we have shown that the ability of VanZ proteins to compromise the activity of lipoglycopeptide antibiotics by reducing their binding is a more general feature of VanZ-superfamily proteins. | 2020 | 32318043 |
| 3741 | 4 | 0.9768 | The fib locus in Streptococcus pneumoniae is required for peptidoglycan crosslinking and PBP-mediated beta-lactam resistance. Penicillin resistance in pneumococci is mediated by modified penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) that have decreased affinity to beta-lactams. In high-level penicillin-resistant transformants of the laboratory strain Streptococcus pneumoniae R6 containing various combinations of low-affinity PBPs, disruption of the fib locus results in a collapse of PBP-mediated resistance. In addition, crosslinked muropeptides are highly reduced. The fib operon consists of two genes, fibA and fibB, homologous to Staphylococcus aureus femA/B which are also required for expression of methicillin resistance in this organism. FibA and FibB belong to a family of proteins of Gram-positive bacteria involved in the formation of interpeptide bridges, thus representing interesting new targets for antimicrobial compounds for this group of pathogens. | 2000 | 10867238 |
| 504 | 5 | 0.9766 | Activation of Dithiolopyrrolone Antibiotics by Cellular Reductants. Dithiolopyrrolone (DTP) natural products are broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anticancer prodrugs. The DTP structure contains a unique bicyclic ene-disulfide that once reduced in the cell, chelates metal ions and disrupts metal homeostasis. In this work we investigate the intracellular activation of the DTPs and their resistance mechanisms in bacteria. We show that the prototypical DTP holomycin is reduced by several bacterial reductases and small-molecule thiols in vitro. To understand how bacteria develop resistance to the DTPs, we generate Staphylococcus aureus mutants that exhibit increased resistance to the hybrid DTP antibiotic thiomarinol. From these mutants we identify loss-of-function mutations in redox genes that are involved in DTP activation. This work advances the understanding of how DTPs are activated and informs development of bioreductive disulfide prodrugs. | 2025 | 39665630 |
| 3748 | 6 | 0.9763 | Vancomycin resistance in Gram-positive bacteria other than Enterococcus spp. This is a review article on vancomycin resistance on gram positive bacteria other than enterococci. Epidemiology of varying resistance, its clinical relevance and therapeutic options in infections caused by vancomycin resistant Listeria spp., Corynebacteria, streptococci and staphylocci are discussed. | 2000 | 10720798 |
| 9784 | 7 | 0.9761 | Antibiotic Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria: The Threat from the Pink Corner. Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is a formidable challenge in modern medicine [...]. | 2024 | 39338287 |
| 227 | 8 | 0.9760 | Susceptibility of Colistin-Resistant, Gram-Negative Bacteria to Antimicrobial Peptides and Ceragenins. The susceptibility of colistin-resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceragenins and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) suggests that there is little to no cross-resistance between colistin and ceragenins/AMPs and that lipid A modifications are found in bacteria with modest changes in susceptibility to ceragenins and with high levels of resistance to colistin. These results suggest that there are differences in the resistance mechanisms to colistin and ceragenins/AMPs. | 2017 | 28584137 |
| 6131 | 9 | 0.9760 | Draft Genome Sequence of Eggerthia catenaformis Strain MAR1 Isolated from Saliva of Healthy Humans. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Eggerthia catenaformis MAR1 isolated during a screen for d-cycloserine-resistant bacteria from the saliva of healthy humans. Analysis of the genome reveals that the strain has the potential to be a human pathogen and carries genes related to virulence and antibiotic resistance. | 2017 | 28705984 |
| 9460 | 10 | 0.9760 | Proteobiotics as a new antimicrobial therapy. Antibiotic resistance is a major concern for healthcare. The emergence of resistant bacteria has contributed to an increase in cost, morbidity, and mortality rates of patients. There is evidence to suggest that the inhibition of bacteria's virulence strategies would downregulate their pathogenesis and stop infections while also preventing more resistance. This concept became the backbone of many studies in the arena of human microbiome. Through probiotic studies, novel compounds were discovered that possessed antimicrobial activity. These have become labeled as proteobiotics, i.e. metabolites from probiotics. Proteobiotics have demonstrated the ability to interrupt bacteria cell-to-cell communication. Currently, there is one approved product containing proteobiotic technologies for swine showing positive outcomes. | 2020 | 32109571 |
| 5120 | 11 | 0.9760 | ARIBA: rapid antimicrobial resistance genotyping directly from sequencing reads. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the major threats to human and animal health worldwide, yet few high-throughput tools exist to analyse and predict the resistance of a bacterial isolate from sequencing data. Here we present a new tool, ARIBA, that identifies AMR-associated genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms directly from short reads, and generates detailed and customizable output. The accuracy and advantages of ARIBA over other tools are demonstrated on three datasets from Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with ARIBA outperforming existing methods. | 2017 | 29177089 |
| 3740 | 12 | 0.9759 | Stp1 Loss of Function Promotes β-Lactam Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus That Is Independent of Classical Genes. β-Lactam resistance in Staphylococcus aureus limits treatment options. Stp1 and Stk1, a serine-threonine phosphatase and kinase, respectively, mediate serine-threonine kinase (STK) signaling. Loss-of-function point mutations in stp1 were detected among laboratory-passaged β-lactam-resistant S. aureus strains lacking mecA and blaZ, the major determinants of β-lactam resistance in the bacteria. Loss of Stp1 function facilitates β-lactam resistance of the bacteria. | 2020 | 32179529 |
| 9059 | 13 | 0.9759 | Validation of Suitable Carrier Molecules and Target Genes for Antisense Therapy Using Peptide-Coupled Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) in Streptococci. Antisense peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) targeting genes involved in metabolism or virulence are a possible means to treat infections or to investigate pathogenic bacteria. Potential targets include essential genes, virulence factor genes, or antibiotic resistance genes. For efficient cellular uptake, PNAs can be coupled to cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). CPPs are peptides that serve as molecular transporters and are characterized by a comparably low cytotoxicity. So far, there is only limited information about CPPs that mediate PNA uptake by Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we describe two methods to identify suitable CPP-antisense PNA conjugates, novel carrier molecules, and efficient target genes for streptococcal species and to evaluate their antimicrobial efficiency. | 2020 | 32430835 |
| 3750 | 14 | 0.9759 | Non-faecium non-faecalis enterococci: a review of clinical manifestations, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance. SUMMARYEnterococci are a diverse group of Gram-positive bacteria that are typically found as commensals in humans, animals, and the environment. Occasionally, they may cause clinically relevant diseases such as endocarditis, septicemia, urinary tract infections, and wound infections. The majority of clinical infections in humans are caused by two species: Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. However, there is an increasing number of clinical infections caused by non-faecium non-faecalis (NFF) enterococci. Although NFF enterococcal species are often overlooked, studies have shown that they may harbor antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and virulence factors that are found in E. faecium and E. faecalis. In this review, we present an overview of the NFF enterococci with a particular focus on human clinical manifestations, epidemiology, virulence genes, and AMR genes. | 2024 | 38466110 |
| 8155 | 15 | 0.9758 | Gut bacteria enable prostate cancer growth. Testosterone-synthetizing gut bacteria drive resistance to therapy. | 2021 | 34618567 |
| 3744 | 16 | 0.9758 | Vancomycin resistance VanS/VanR two-component systems. Vancomycin is a member of the glycopeptide class of antibiotics. Vancomycin resistance (van) gene clusters are found in human pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus, glycopeptide-producing actinomycetes such as Amycolotopsis orientalis, Actinoplanes teichomyceticus and Streptomyces toyocaensis and the nonglycopeptide producing actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor. Expression of the van genes is activated by the VanS/VanR two-component system in response to extracellular glycopeptide antibiotic. Two major types of inducible vancomycin resistance are found in pathogenic bacteria; VanA strains are resistant to vancomycin itself and also to the lipidated glycopeptide teicoplanin, while VanB strains are resistant to vancomycin but sensitive to teicoplanin. Here we discuss the enzymes the van genes encode, the range of different VanS/VanR two-component systems, the biochemistry of VanS/VanR, the nature of the effector ligand(s) recognised by VanS and the evolution of the van cluster. | 2008 | 18792691 |
| 3751 | 17 | 0.9758 | Emerging mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria and fungi: advances in the era of genomics. Bacteria and fungi continue to develop new ways to adapt and survive the lethal or biostatic effects of antimicrobials through myriad mechanisms. Novel antibiotic resistance genes such as lsa(C), erm(44), VCC-1, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4, bla (KLUC-3) and bla (KLUC-4) were discovered through comparative genomics and further functional studies. As well, mutations in genes that hitherto were unknown to confer resistance to antimicrobials, such as trm, PP2C, rpsJ, HSC82, FKS2 and Rv2887, were shown by genomics and transcomplementation assays to mediate antimicrobial resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Saccharomyces cerevisae, Candida glabrata and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, respectively. Thus, genomics, transcriptomics and metagenomics, coupled with functional studies are the future of antimicrobial resistance research and novel drug discovery or design. | 2018 | 29319341 |
| 8197 | 18 | 0.9757 | Specific host genes required for the killing of Klebsiella bacteria by phagocytes. The amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum shares many traits with mammalian macrophages, in particular the ability to phagocytose and kill bacteria. In response, pathogenic bacteria use conserved mechanisms to fight amoebae and mammalian phagocytes. Here we developed an assay using Dictyostelium to monitor phagocyte-bacteria interactions. Genetic analysis revealed that the virulence of Klebsiella pneumoniae measured by this test is very similar to that observed in a mouse pneumonia model. Using this assay, two new host resistance genes (PHG1 and KIL1) were identified and shown to be involved in intracellular killing of K. pneumoniae by phagocytes. Phg1 is a member of the 9TM family of proteins, and Kil1 is a sulphotransferase. The loss of PHG1 resulted in Dictyostelium susceptibility to a small subset of bacterial species including K. pneumoniae. Remarkably, Drosophila mutants deficient for PHG1 also exhibited a specific susceptibility to K. pneumoniae infections. Systematic analysis of several additional Dictyostelium mutants created a two-dimensional virulence array, where the complex interactions between host and bacteria are visualized. | 2006 | 16367873 |
| 2519 | 19 | 0.9757 | Clinical Perspective of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a global clinical problem in recent years. With the discovery of antibiotics, infections were not a deadly problem for clinicians as they used to be. However, worldwide AMR comes with the overuse/misuse of antibiotics and the spread of resistance is deteriorated by a multitude of mobile genetic elements and relevant resistant genes. This review provides an overview of the current situation, mechanism, epidemiology, detection methods and clinical treatment for antimicrobial resistant genes in clinical important bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP), extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, acquired AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. | 2022 | 35264857 |