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811200.9714Fate of antibiotic resistance bacteria and genes during enhanced anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge by microwave pretreatment. The fate of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated during the sludge anaerobic digestion (AD) with microwave-acid (MW-H), microwave (MW) and microwave-H2O2-alkaline (MW-H2O2) pretreatments. Results showed that combined MW pretreatment especially for the MW-H pretreatment could efficiently reduce the ARB concentration, and most ARG concentrations tended to attenuate during the pretreatment. The subsequent AD showed evident removal of the ARB, but most ARGs were enriched after AD. Only the concentration of tetX kept continuous declination during the whole sludge treatment. The total ARGs concentration showed significant correlation with 16S rRNA during the pretreatment and AD. Compared with unpretreated sludge, the AD of MW and MW-H2O2 pretreated sludge presented slightly better ARB and ARGs reduction efficiency.201626970692
794010.9714Microplastics affect the ammonia oxidation performance of aerobic granular sludge and enrich the intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes. Microplastics (MPs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as emerging pollutants, are frequently detected in wastewater treatment plants, and their threats to the environment have received extensive attentions. However, the effects of MPs on the nitrification of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and the spread patterns of intracellular and extracellular ARGs (iARGs and eARGs) in AGS were still unknown. In this study, the responses of AGS to the exposure of 1, 10 and 100 mg/L of typical MPs (polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE)) and tetracycline were focused on in 3 L nitrifying sequencing batch reactors. 10 mg/L MPs decreased the nitrification function, but nitrification could recover. Furthermore, MPs inhibited ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and enriched nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, leading partial nitrification to losing stability. PVC, PA and PS stimulated the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances and reactive oxygen species. PE had less negative effect on AGS than PVC, PA and PS. The abundances of iARGs and eARGs (tetW, tetE and intI1) increased significantly and the intracellular and extracellular microbial communities obviously shifted in AGS system under MPs stress. Potential pathogenic bacteria might be the common hosts of iARGs and eARGs in AGS system and were enriched in AGS and MPs biofilms.202133387747
812320.9713The effect of bulk-biochar and nano-biochar amendment on the removal of antibiotic resistance genes in microplastic contaminated soil. Biochar amendment has significant benefits in removing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil. Nevertheless, there is little information on ARGs removal in microplastic contaminated soil. Herein, a 42-day soil microcosm experiment were carried out to study how two coconut shell biochars (bulk- and nano-size) eliminate soil ARGs with/without microplastic presence. The results showed that microplastic increased significantly the numbers and abundances of ARGs in soil at 14d of cultivation. And, two biochars amendment effectively inhibited soil ARGs spread whether or not microplastic was present, especially for nano-biochar which had more effective removal compared to bulk-biochar. However, microplastic weakened soil ARGs removal after applying same biochar. Two biochars removed ARGs through decreasing horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs, potential host-bacteria abundances, some bacteria crowding the eco-niche of hosts and promoting soil properties. The adverse effect of microplastic on ARGs removal was mainly caused by weakening mobile genetic elements (MGEs) removal, and by changing soil properties. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis indicated that biochar's effect on ARGs profile was changed by its size and microplastic presence through altering MGEs abundances. These results highlight that biochar amendment is still an effective method for ARGs removal in microplastic contaminated soil.202437907163
812430.9711Effect of graphene and graphene oxide on antibiotic resistance genes during copper-contained swine manure anaerobic digestion. Copper is an important selectors for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) transfer because of metal-antibiotic cross-resistance and/or coresistance. Due to carbon-based materials' good adsorption capacity for heavy metals, graphene and graphene oxide have great potential to reduce ARGs abundance in the environment with copper pollution. To figure out the mechanics, this study investigated the effects of graphene and graphene oxide on the succession of ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), and bacterial communities during copper-contained swine manure anaerobic digestion. Results showed that graphene and graphene oxide could reduce ARGs abundance in varying degrees with the anaerobic reactors that contained a higher concentration of copper. Nevertheless, graphene decreased the abundance of ARGs more effectively than graphene oxide. Phylum-level bacteria such as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, and Verrucomicrobiaat were significantly positively correlated with most ARGs. Network and redundancy analyses demonstrated that alterations in the bacterial community are one of the main factors leading to the changes in ARGs. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Spirochaetes were enriched lower in graphene reactor than graphene oxide in anaerobic digestion products, which may be the main reason that graphene is superior to graphene oxide in reduced ARGs abundance. Additionally, ARGs were close to HMRGs than MGEs in the treatments with graphene, the opposite in graphene oxide reactors. Therefore, we speculate that the reduction of HMRGs in graphene may contribute to the result that graphene is superior to graphene oxide in reduced ARGs abundance in anaerobic digestion.202336394812
785940.9710Abatement of antibiotics and resistance genes during catalytic ozonation enhanced sludge dewatering process: Synchronized in volume and hazardousness reduction. Based on the efficiency of the catalytic ozonation techniques (HDWS+O(3) and MnFe(2)O(4) @SBC+O(3)) in enhancing the sludge dewaterability, the effectiveness in synchronized abatement antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was conducted to determine. The results revealed that catalytic ozonation conditioning altered the distribution of target antibiotics (tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), norfloxacin (NOR), ofloxacin (OFL)) in the dewatered filtrate, the dewatered sludge cake and the extra-microcolony/cellular polymers (EMPS/ECPS) layers, achieving the redistribution from solid-phase adsorption to liquid-phase dissolution. The total degradation rate was over 90% for TC and OTC, 72-78% for NOR and OFL; the abatement efficiency of eleven ARGs reached 1.47-3.01 log and 1.64-3.59 log, respectively, and more than four eARGs were eliminated. The effective abatement of the absolute abundance of Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (0.91-1.89 log) demonstrated that catalytic ozonation conditioning could also significantly inhibit horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The abundance of resistant bacteria was greatly reduced and the signal transduction of the typical ARGs host bacteria was inhibited. The highly reactive oxidation species (ROS) generated were responsible for the abatement of antibiotics and ARGs. These findings provided new insights into the sludge conditioning for ideal and synchronized reduction in volume and hazardousness by catalytic ozonation processes in sludge treatment.202437944236
792850.9709Insight into the responses of antibiotic resistance genes in microplastic biofilms to zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc ions pressures in landfill leachate. Microplastic (MP) biofilms are hotspots of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in landfill environment. MP biofilms in landfill leachate coexist with heavy metals and metallic nanoparticles (NPs) that considered to be the selective agents of ARGs. However, the effects of these selective pressures on ARGs in MP biofilms and their differences in MP-surrounding leachate have not been well understood. Herein, the changes of ARG abundances in MP biofilms and corresponding leachate under zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs and zinc ion (Zn(2+)) pressures were comparatively analyzed. The presence of ZnO NPs and Zn(2+) promoted the enrichment of ARGs in MP biofilms, and the enrichment was more pronounced in ZnO NPs groups. ZnO NPs and especially Zn(2+) mainly decreased the abundances of ARGs in leachate. The increase of integron abundances and reactive oxygen species production in MP biofilms implied the enhanced potential for horizontal transfer of ARGs under ZnO NPs and Zn(2+) pressures. Meanwhile, the co-occurrence pattern between ARGs and bacterial genera in MP biofilms with more diverse potential ARG hosts was more complex than in leachate, and the enrichment of ARG-hosting bacteria in MP biofilms under ZnO NPs and Zn(2+) pressures supported the enrichment of ARGs.202337480611
811160.9708Effect of alkaline-thermal pretreatment on biodegradable plastics degradation and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes in co-compost system. Biodegradable plastics (BDPs) are an eco-friendly alternative to traditional plastics in organic waste, but their microbial degradation and impact on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) transmission during co-composting remain poorly understood. This study examines how alkaline-thermal pretreatment enhances BDPs degradation and influences the fate of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in co-composting. Pretreatment with 0.1 mol/L NaOH at 100℃ for 40 minutes increased the surface roughness and hydrophilicity of BDPs while reducing their molecular weight and thermal stability. Incorporating pretreated BDPs film (8 g/kg-TS) into the compost reduced the molecular weight of the BDPs by 59.70 % during the maturation stage, facilitating compost heating and prolonging the thermophilic stage. However, incomplete degradation of BDPs releases numerous smaller-sized microplastics, which can act as carriers for microorganisms, facilitating the dissemination of ARGs across environments and posing significant ecological and public health risks. Metagenomic analysis revealed that pretreatment enriched plastic-degrading bacteria, such as Thermobifida fusca, on BDPs surfaces and accelerated microbial plastic degradation during the thermophilic stage, but also increased ARGs abundance. Although pretreatment significantly reduced MGEs abundance (tnpA, IS19), the risk of ARGs dissemination remained. Three plastic-degrading bacteria (Pigmentiphaga sp002188465, Bacillus clausii, and Bacillus altitudinis) were identified as ARGs hosts, underscoring the need to address the risk of horizontal gene transfer of ARGs associated with pretreatment in organic waste management.202539970645
811770.9706Composting of oxytetracycline fermentation residue in combination with hydrothermal pretreatment for reducing antibiotic resistance genes enrichment. Hydrothermal pretreatment can efficiently remove the residual antibiotics in oxytetracycline fermentation residue (OFR), but its effect on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during composting remains unclear. This study compared the shifts in bacterial community and evolutions in ARGs and integrons during different composting processes of OFRs with and without hydrothermal pretreatment. The results demonstrated that hydrothermal pretreatment increased the bacterial alpha diversity at the initial phase, and increased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria but decreased that of Bacteroidetes at the final phase by inactivating mycelia and removing residual oxytetracycline. Composting process inevitably elevated the abundance and relative abundance of ARGs. However, the increase in ARGs was significantly reduced by hydrothermal pretreatment, because the removal of oxytetracycline decreased their potential host bacteria and inhibited their horizontal gene transfer. The results demonstrated that hydrothermal pretreatment is an efficient strategy to reduce the enrichment of ARGs during the OFR composting.202033099099
811980.9706Biochar-amended composting of lincomycin fermentation dregs promoted microbial metabolism and reduced antibiotic resistance genes. Improper disposal of antibiotic fermentation dregs poses a risk of releasing antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria to the environment. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of biochar addition to lincomycin fermentation dregs (LFDs) composting. Biochar increased compost temperature and enhanced organic matter decomposition and residual antibiotics removal. Moreover, a 1.5- to 17.0-fold reduction in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was observed. Adding biochar also reduced the abundances of persistent ARGs hosts (e.g., Streptomyces, Pseudomonas) and ARG-related metabolic pathways and genes (e.g., ATP-binding cassette type-2 transport, signal transduction and multidrug efflux pump genes). By contrast, compost decomposition improved due to enhanced metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids. Overall, adding biochar into LFDs compost reduced the proliferation of ARGs and enhanced microbial community metabolism. These results demonstrate that adding biochar to LFDs compost is a simple and efficient way to decrease risks associated with LFDs composting.202336334868
787390.9706Wheat straw pyrochar more efficiently decreased enantioselective uptake of dinotefuran by lettuce and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes than hydrochar in an agricultural soil. Remediation of soils pollution caused by dinotefuran, a chiral pesticide, is indispensable for ensuring human food security. In comparison with pyrochar, the effect of hydrochar on enantioselective fate of dinotefuran, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) profiles in the contaminated soils remain poorly understood. Therefore, wheat straw hydrochar (SHC) and pyrochar (SPC) were prepared at 220 and 500 °C, respectively, to investigate their effects and underlying mechanisms on enantioselective fate of dinotefuran enantiomers and metabolites, and soil ARG abundance in soil-plant ecosystems using a 30-day pot experiment planted with lettuce. SPC showed a greater reduction effect on the accumulation of R- and S-dinotefuran and metabolites in lettuce shoots than SHC. This was mainly resulted from the lowered soil bioavailability of R- and S-dinotefuran due to adsorption/immobilization by chars, together with the char-enhanced pesticide-degrading bacteria resulted from increased soil pH and organic matter content. Both SPC and SHC efficiently reduced ARG levels in soils, owing to lowered abundance of ARG-carrying bacteria and declined horizontal gene transfer induced by decreased dinotefuran bioavailability. The above results provide new insights for optimizing char-based sustainable technologies to mitigate pollution of dinotefuran and spread of ARGs in agroecosystems.202336996986
8058100.9705Effects of biochars on the fate of antibiotics and their resistance genes during vermicomposting of dewatered sludge. It is currently still difficult to decrease the high contents of antibiotics and their corresponding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sludge vermicompost. To decrease the environmental risk of vermicompost as a bio-fertilizer, this study investigated the feasibility of biochar addition to decrease the levels of antibiotics and ARGs during vermicomposting of dewatered sludge. To achieve this, 1.25% and 5% of corncob and rice husk biochars, respectively, were added to sludge, which was then vermicomposted by Eisenia fetida for 60 days. The sludge blended with corncob biochar showed increased decomposition and humification of organic matter. Higher biochar concentration promoted both the number and diversity of bacteria, and differed dominant genera. The level of antibiotics significantly decreased as a result of biochar addition (P < 0.05), and tetracycline was completely removed. Relative to the control without addition of biochars, ermF and tetX genes significantly decreased with corncob biochar treatment (P < 0.05). Rice husk biochar (5%) could effectively decrease sul-1 and sul-2 genes in vermicompost (P < 0.05). However, the abundance of the intI-1 gene increased with biochar concentration. This study suggests that biochar addition can lessen the antibiotic and ARG pollution in sludge vermicompost, depending on the type and concentration of biochars.202032388093
7935110.9705Removal of antibiotic resistance genes by Cl(2)-UV process: Direct UV damage outweighs free radicals in effectiveness. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) pose significant environmental health problems and have become a major global concern. This study investigated the efficacy and mechanism of the Cl(2)-UV process (chlorine followed by UV irradiation) for removing ARGs in various forms. The Cl(2)-UV process caused irreversible damage to nearly all ARB at typical disinfectant dosages. In solutions containing only extracellular ARGs (eARGs), the Cl₂-UV process achieved over 99.0 % degradation of eARGs. When both eARGs and intracellular ARGs (iARGs) were present, the process reached a 97.2 % removal rate for iARGs. While the abundance of eARGs initially increased due to the release of iARGs from lysed cells during pre-chlorination, subsequent UV irradiation rapidly degraded the released eARGs, restoring their abundance to near-initial levels by the end of the Cl₂-UV process. Analysis of the roles in degrading eARGs and iARGs during the Cl(2)-UV process revealed that UV, rather than free radicals, was the dominant factor causing ARG damage. Pre-chlorination enhanced direct UV damage to eARGs and iARGs by altering plasmid conformation and promoting efficient damage to high UV-absorbing cellular components. Furthermore, no further natural transformation of residual ARGs occurred following the Cl(2)-UV treatment. This study demonstrated strong evidence for the effectiveness of the Cl(2)-UV process in controlling antibiotic resistance.202540048777
7897120.9704Enhanced removal of antibiotic and antibiotic resistance genes by coupling biofilm electrode reactor and manganese ore substrate up-flow microbial fuel cell constructed wetland system. Manganese ore substrate up-flow microbial fuel cell constructed wetland (UCW-MFC(Mn)) as an innovative wastewater treatment technology for purifying antibiotics and electricity generation with few antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) generation has attracted attention. However, antibiotic purifying effects should be further enhanced. In this study, a biofilm electrode reactor (BER) that needs direct current driving was powered by a Mn ore anode (UCW-MFC(Mn)) to form a coupled system without requiring direct-current source. Removal efficiencies of sulfadiazine (SDZ), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and the corresponding ARGs in the coupled system were compared with composite (BER was powered by direct-current source) and anaerobic systems (both of BER and UCW-MFC were in open circuit mode). The result showed that higher antibiotic removal efficiency (94% for SDZ and 99.1% for CIP) in the coupled system was achieved than the anaerobic system (88.5% for SDZ and 98.2% for CIP). Moreover, electrical stimulation reduced antibiotic selective pressure and horizontal gene transfer potential in BER, and UCW-MFC further reduced ARG abundances by strengthening the electro-adsorption of ARG hosts determined by Network analysis. Bacterial community diversity continuously decreased in BER while it increased in UCW-MFC, indicating that BER mitigated the toxicity of antibiotic. Degree of modularity, some functional bacteria (antibiotic degrading bacteria, fermentative bacteria and EAB), and P450 enzyme related to antibiotic and xenobiotics biodegradation genes were enriched in electric field existing UCW-MFC, accounting for the higher degradation efficiency. In conclusion, this study provided an effective strategy for removing antibiotics and ARGs in wastewater by operating a BER-UCW-MFC coupled system.202337437616
7900130.9703Biochar-amended constructed wetlands enhance sulfadiazine removal and reduce resistance genes accumulation in treatment of mariculture wastewater. With the rapid development of mariculture, an increasing amount of antibiotics are being discharged into the marine environment. Effectively removing antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in mariculture wastewater with a relatively high salinity and low C/N presents challenges. Biochar-amended constructed wetlands (CWs) can effectively remove antibiotics, However, few studies have compared the impacts of biochar-amended CWs pyrolyzed at different temperatures on the treatment of mariculture wastewater. Thus, this study utilized biochar prepared at three temperatures as substrate for CWs (CW-300, CW-500, and CW-700), aiming to evaluate their efficiency to treat mariculture wastewater containing antibiotic sulfadiazine (SDZ). The results demonstrated that compared to traditional quartz sand-filled CW (NCW), the addition of biochar with a larger specific surface area significantly enhanced the removal efficiency of SDZ by 21.72%-46.96%. Additionally, the addition of biochar effectively reduced the relative abundance of one integron gene (int1) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) including sul1, sul2, and sul3 in both effluent and substrates. The addition of biochar reduced the accumulation of extracellular polymeric substances within the substrate of CWs, thereby mitigating the proliferation and spread of ARGs. The microbial community structure indicated that the addition of biochar increased the abundance of the potential antibiotic-degrading bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota, facilitating the degradation of SDZ and mitigating the accumulation of ARGs. This study demonstrated that biochar can be a promising substrate in CWs for treating mariculture wastewater containing antibiotics.202539986428
8132140.9703Autoclave treatment of pig manure does not reduce the risk of transmission and transfer of tetracycline resistance genes in soil: successive determinations with soil column experiments. The increasing use of antibiotics, especially tetracycline, in livestock feed adversely affects animal health and ecological integrity. Therefore, approaches to decrease this risk are urgently needed. High temperatures facilitate antibiotic degradation; whether this reduces transmission risk and transfer of tetracycline-resistant bacteria (TRBs) and tetracycline resistance genes (TRGs) in soil remains unknown. Successive experiments with soil columns evaluated the effects of autoclaving pig manure (APM) on soil TRB populations and TRGs over time at different soil depths. The data showed sharp increases in TRB populations and TRGs in each subsoil layer of PM (non-APM) and APM treatments within 30 days, indicating that TRBs and TRGs transferred rapidly. The level of TRBs in the upper soil layers was approximately 15-fold higher than in subsoils. TRBs were not dependent on PM and APM levels, especially in the late phase. Nevertheless, higher levels of APM led to rapid expansion of TRBs as compared to PM. Moreover, temporal changes in TRB frequencies in total culturable bacteria (TCBs) were similar to TRBs, indicating that the impact of PM or APM on TRBs was more obvious than for TCBs. TRBs were hypothesized to depend on the numbers of TRGs and indigenous recipient bacteria. In the plough layer, five TRGs (tetB, tetG, tetM, tetW, and tetB/P) existed in each treatment within 150 days. Selective pressure of TC may not be a necessary condition for the transfer and persistence of TRGs in soil. High temperatures might reduce TRBs in PM, which had minimal impact on the transmission and transfer of TRGs in soil. Identifying alternatives to decrease TRG transmission remains a major challenge.201626517996
7929150.9702Size-dependent effects of microplastics on antibiotic resistance genes fate in wastewater treatment systems: The role of changed surface property and microbial assemblages in a continuous exposure mode. Microplastics (MPs) were continuously transported to wastewater treatment systems and accumulated in sludge constantly, potentially affecting systems function and co-occurrent contaminants fate. However, previous studies were based on acute exposure of MPs, which could not reflect the dynamics of MPs accumulation. Herein, this study firstly raised a more realistic method to evaluate the practical impacts of MPs on systems purification efficiency and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) fate. Continuous exposure of MPs did not pose negative effects on nutrients removal, but significantly changed the occurrence patterns of ARGs. ARGs abundances increased by 42.8 % and 54.3 % when exposed to millimeter-size MPs (mm-MPs) polyamide and polyethylene terephthalate, but increased by 31.3 % and 39.4 % to micron-size MPs (μm-MPs), respectively. Thus, mm-MPs posed severer effects on ARGs than μm-MPs. Further, mm-MPs surface properties were obviously altered after long-term exposure (higher specific surface area and O-containing species), which benefited microbes attachment. More importantly, more taxa linkages and changed topological properties (higher average degree and average weight) of co-occurrent network were observed in sludge with mm-MPs than with μm-MPs, as well as totally different potential host bacteria of ARGs. Rough surface of MPs and closer relations between ARGs and bacteria taxa contributed to the propagation of ARGs, which accounted for the observed higher ARGs abundances of mm-MPs. This study demonstrated that long-term accumulation of MPs in wastewater treatment systems affected ARGs fate, and mm-MPs caused severer risk due to their enrichment of ARGs. The results would promote the understanding of MPs real environmental behavior and influences.202236037899
7872160.9702Quaternary ammonium compounds promoted anoxic sludge granulation and altered propagation risk of intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes. Surfactants could influence sludge morphology and disinfectants were linked to antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Thus, the response of activated sludge and ARGs to long-term quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) exposure required further investigation, which is a popular surfactant and disinfectant. Here, three sequencing batch reactors were fed with 5 mg/L most frequently detected QACs (dodecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (ATMAC C12), dodecyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (BAC C12) and didodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DADMAC C12)) for 180 d. The long-term inhibitory effect on denitrification ranked: DADMAC C12 > BAC C12 > ATMAC C12. Besides, obvious granular sludge promoted by the increase of α-Helix/(β-Sheet + Random coil) appeared in DADMAC C12 system. Moreover, intracellular ARGs increased when denitrification systems encountered QACs acutely but decreased in systems chronically exposed to QACs. Although replication and repair metabolism in ATMAC C12 system was higher, ATMAC C12 significantly promoted proliferation of extracellular ARGs. It was noteworthy that the propagation risk of extracellular ARGs in sludge increased significantly during sludge granulation process, and intracellular sul2 genes in sludge and water both increased with the granular diameter in DADMAC C12 system. The universal utilization of QACs may enhance antibiotic resistance of bacteria in wastewater treatment plants, deserving more attention.202336444811
8125170.9701The removal performances and evaluation of heavy metals, antibiotics, and resistomes driven by peroxydisulfate amendment during composting. This study aimed to explore the effect of peroxydisulfate on the removal of heavy metals, antibiotics, heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during composting. The results showed that peroxydisulfate achieved the passivation of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu by promoting their speciation variations, thus reducing their bioavailability. And the residual antibiotics were better degraded by peroxydisulfate. In addition, metagenomics analysis indicated that the relative abundance of most HMRGs, ARGs, and MGEs was more effectively down-regulated by peroxydisulfate. Network analysis confirmed Thermobifida and Streptomyces were dominant potential host bacteria of HMRGs and ARGs, whose relative abundance was also effectively down-regulated by peroxydisulfate. Finally, mantel test showed the significant effect of the evolution of microbial communities and strong oxidation of peroxydisulfate on the removal of pollutants. These results suggested that heavy metals, antibiotics, HMRGs, and ARGs shared a joint fate of being removed driven by peroxydisulfate during composting.202337307729
7904180.9701Effect of the coexposure of sulfadiazine, ciprofloxacin and zinc on the fate of antibiotic resistance genes, bacterial communities and functions in three-dimensional biofilm-electrode reactors. Three-dimensional biofilm electrode reactors (3D-BERs) with high treatment efficiency were constructed to treat wastewater containing sulfadiazine (SDZ) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) coexposure with Zinc (Zn). The results showed that coexposure to target antibiotics and Zn increased the absolute and relative abundances of target antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Additionally, the target ARG abundances were higher on cathode of 3D-BER compared with ordinary anaerobic reactor while the abundances of total ARGs were decreased in the effluent. Meanwhile, redundancy analysis results revealed that the composition of bacteria carrying ARGs was greatly influenced in the cathode by the accumulation of Zn and antibiotic, which dominated the changes of ARG abundances. Additionally, ARGs with their host bacteria revealed by network analysis were partially deposited on electrode substrates when being removed from wastewater. Thus, 3D-BER exhibits capability of simultaneously eliminating antibiotic and Zn, and greatly reduces the risks of ARGs spread.202031677404
7937190.9701Effects of oxytetracycline on variation in intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes during swine manure composting. This research aimed to investigate the alterations in extracellular (eARGs) and intracellular (iARGs) antibiotic resistance genes in response to oxytetracycline (OTC), and unravel the dissemination mechanism of ARGs during composting. The findings revealed both low (L-OTC) and high contents (H-OTC) of OTC significantly enhanced absolute abundance (AA) of iARGs (p < 0.05), compared to CK (no OTC). Composting proved to be a proficient strategy for removing eARGs, while AA of eARGs was significantly enhanced in H-OTC (p < 0.05). OTC resulted in an increase in AA of mobile genetic elements (MGEs), ATP levels, antioxidant and DNA repair enzymes in bacteria in compost product. Structural equation model further demonstrated that OTC promoted bacterial DNA repair and antioxidant enzyme activities, altered bacterial community and enhanced MGEs abundance, thereby facilitating iARGs dissemination. This study highlights OTC can increase eARGs and iARGs abundance, underscoring the need for appropriate countermeasures to mitigate potential hazards.202438036151