# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1384 | 0 | 0.9913 | Antimicrobial resistance in wildlife: detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in Apennine wolves (Canis lupus italicus Altobello, 1921) from Central Italy. The aim of this study was to molecularly investigate the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in organ samples from 11 Apennine wolves (Canis lupus italicus) collected in Central Italy. Samples from lung, liver, spleen, kidney, tongue and intestine were investigated by PCRs targeting the following genes: tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), tet(G), tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), tetA(P), tet(Q), tet(S), tet(X), sul1, sul2, sul3, bla(CTX-M), bla(SHV), bla(TEM) and mcr-1. A PCR positivity was highlighted for 13 out of the 21 tested genes; no positive results were obtained for tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), tet(G), sul3, bla(CTX), bla(SHV) and mcr-1 genes. All 11 animals sampled showed positivity for one or more resistance genes. The results confirm the potential role of the wolf as an indicator and/or vector of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria or ARGs. | 2024 | 38499909 |
| 2646 | 1 | 0.9912 | Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli Isolated from Black Howler Monkeys (Alouatta pigra) and Domestic Animals in Fragmented Rain-Forest Areas in Tabasco, Mexico. The appearance and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria in natural environments and wildlife are related to agricultural and livestock activities and are a global health and conservation problem. We assessed the presence of AMR genes in Escherichia coli isolated from black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra), sheep (Ovis aries), cattle (Bos taurus), and horses (Equus caballus) from a highly fragmented forest in southern Mexico. Fresh fecal samples were collected using swabs, seeded on eosin-methylene blue agar, and E. coli colonies identified by PCR; multiplex-PCR was performed on E. coli DNA for the detection of 10 AMR genes from four families (sulfonamides, tetracycline, β-lactamase, and chloramphenicol). We detected E. coli in 94% (48/51) of fecal samples, of which 33% (16/48) tested positive for at least one AMR gene. We detected AMR genes in at least one individual from each sampled animal species, with the most prevalent genes being tet(B) 18% (9/48), sul2 14% (7/48), sul1, and blaTEM 12% (6/48). Sheep samples contained AMR genes from the four families of antibiotics detected in this study and 50% (5/10) tested positive for the presence of at least one gene. A total of 12% (2/16) of fecal samples from black howler monkeys tested positive for AMR genes. The presence of AMR genes in A. pigra and domestic animals has not been reported in the Balancán area of Tabasco, Mexico. Transmission of AMR bacteria from domestic animals to monkeys is rare; however, this is a potential health risk for wildlife and species conservation. | 2020 | 32402234 |
| 3638 | 2 | 0.9911 | Identification and antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus spp. isolated from the river and coastal waters in northern Iran. As fecal streptococci commonly inhabit the intestinal tract of humans and warm blooded animals, and daily detection of all pathogenic bacteria in coastal water is not practical, thus these bacteria are used to detect the fecal contamination of water. The present study examined the presence and the antibiotic resistance patterns of Enterococcus spp. isolated from the Babolrud River in Babol and coastal waters in Babolsar. Seventy samples of water were collected in various regions of the Babolrud and coastal waters. Isolated bacteria were identified to the species level using standard biochemical tests and PCR technique. In total, 70 Enterococcus spp. were isolated from the Babolrud River and coastal waters of Babolsar. Enterococcus faecalis (68.6%) and Enterococcus faecium (20%) were the most prevalent species. Resistance to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and tetracyclin was prevalent. The presence of resistant Enterococcus spp. in coastal waters may transmit resistant genes to other bacteria; therefore, swimming in such environments is not suitable. | 2014 | 25525617 |
| 2941 | 3 | 0.9910 | Uncovering hidden threats: prevalence, antibiotic resistance and virulence gene profiles of Escherichia coli strains isolated from Testudines and their aquatic habitats. BACKGROUND: The gut microbiota of Testudines is fundamental to their digestion and overall health, yet remains a poorly investigated area in their biology, particularly in wild freshwater turtle (terrapins) and tortoise populations within South Africa. This study investigated the occurrence, diversity, virulence genes and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from Testudine gut microbiota and sediments at Timbavati Private Nature Reserve, South Africa. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cloacal swab samples were collected from 36 wild Testudines and 20 sediment samples from temporary and permanent water bodies. Presumed E. coli isolates were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the β-D glucuronidase (uidA) gene and further validated through 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. Phenotypic antibiotic resistance was evaluated with the Kirby-Bauer method, whilst resistance and virulence genes were identified using PCR assays. E. coli was detected in 54 (62%) of 87 isolates (23 Testudines and 31 sediments), confirmed by uidA PCR assay. Detected virulence genes included eaeA (42%), virF (22%), stx1 (16%), and stx2 (3%), and isolates exhibited resistance to erythromycin (53%), cephalothin (48%), and spectinomycin (40%). Resistance genes such as mcr-4 (70%), bla(SHV) (46%), bla(TEM) (64%), mcr-1 (42%), qnrA (16%), mcr-2 (22%), qnrD (11%), and tetW (2%) were also detected. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that wild Testudines harbour E. coli in their gut and that it also occurs in their surrounding environment, with notable antibiotic resistance and virulence potential. The findings underscore the complexity of host-microbial interactions and the influence of environmental and host factors on microbial diversity, informing potential conservation and health management strategies for these reptilian species. | 2025 | 40751752 |
| 3639 | 4 | 0.9910 | Assessing the Bacterial Community Composition of Bivalve Mollusks Collected in Aquaculture Farms and Respective Susceptibility to Antibiotics. Aquaculture is a growing sector, providing several products for human consumption, and it is therefore important to guarantee its quality and safety. This study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of bacterial composition of Crassostrea gigas, Mytilus spp. and Ruditapes decussatus, and the antibiotic resistances/resistance genes present in aquaculture environments. Two hundred and twenty-two bacterial strains were recovered from all bivalve mollusks samples belonging to the Aeromonadaceae, Bacillaceae, Comamonadaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcaceae, Micrococcaceae, Moraxellaceae, Morganellaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Shewanellaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Streptococcaceae, Vibrionaceae, and Yersiniaceae families. Decreased susceptibility to oxytetracycline prevails in all bivalve species, aquaculture farms and seasons. Decreased susceptibilities to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, colistin, ciprofloxacin, flumequine, nalidixic acid and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole were also found. This study detected six qnrA genes among Shewanella algae, ten qnrB genes among Citrobacter spp. and Escherichia coli, three oqxAB genes from Raoultella ornithinolytica and bla(TEM-1) in eight E. coli strains harboring a qnrB19 gene. Our results suggest that the bacteria and antibiotic resistances/resistance genes present in bivalve mollusks depend on several factors, such as host species and respective life stage, bacterial family, farm's location and season, and that is important to study each aquaculture farm individually to implement the most suitable measures to prevent outbreaks. | 2021 | 34572717 |
| 2602 | 5 | 0.9910 | Human-wildlife ecological interactions shape Escherichia coli population and resistome in two sloth species from Costa Rica. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health concern, with natural ecosystems acting as reservoirs for resistant bacteria. We assessed AMR in Escherichia coli isolated from two wild sloth species in Costa Rica. E. coli from two-toed sloths (Choloepus hoffmanni), a species with greater mobility and a broader diet, showed resistance to sulfamethoxazole (25%), tetracycline (9.4%), chloramphenicol (6.3%), ampicillin (6.3%), trimethoprim (3.1%), and ciprofloxacin (3.1%), which correlated with the presence of resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), bla(TEM-1B), aph(3")-Id, aph(6)-Id, sul2, qnrS1, floR and dfrA8). E. coli from three-toed sloths (Bradypus variegatus) showed 40% resistance to sulfamethoxazole despite no detected resistance genes, suggesting a regional effect. A significant negative correlation was found between AMR and distance to human-populated areas, highlighting anthropogenic impact on AMR spread. Notably, E. coli isolates from remote areas with no human impact indicate that some ecosystems remain unaffected. Preserving these areas is essential to protect environmental and public health. | 2025 | 40610649 |
| 5287 | 6 | 0.9910 | Presence of antibiotic-resistant commensal bacteria in samples from agricultural, city, and national park environments evaluated by standard culture and real-time PCR methods. This study examined the presence of antibiotic-resistant commensal bacteria among cattle operations representing areas heavily affected by agriculture, city locations representing areas affected by urban activities and indirectly affected by agriculture, and a national park representing an area not affected by agriculture. A total of 288 soil, fecal floor, and water samples were collected from cattle operations, from the city of Fort Collins, and from Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) in Colorado. In addition, a total of 42 new and unused feed, unused bedding, compost, and manure samples were obtained from the cattle operations. Total, tetracycline-resistant, and ceftiofur-resistant bacterial populations were enumerated by both standard culture plating and real-time PCR methods. Only wastewater samples from the cattle operations demonstrated both higher tetracycline-resistant bacterial counts (enumerated by the culture plating method) and tetracycline resistance gene copies (quantified by real-time PCR) compared to water samples collected from non-farm environments. The ceftiofur resistance gene, blaCMY-2, was not detectable in any of the samples, while the tetracycline resistance genes examined in this study, tet(B), tet(C), tet(W), and tet(O), were detected in all types of tested samples, except soil samples from RMNP. Tetracycline resistance gene pools quantified from the tet(O) and tet(W) genes were bigger than those from the tet(B) and tet(C) genes in fecal and water samples. Although only limited resistance genes, instead of a full set, were selected for real-time PCR quantification in this study, our results point to the need for further studies to determine natural and urban impacts on antibiotic resistance. | 2010 | 20921986 |
| 2991 | 7 | 0.9909 | Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella species and potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli in free-living seals of Canadian Atlantic and eastern Arctic waters. Seal populations in Canadian waters provide sustenance to coastal communities. There is potential for pathogenic and/or antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to transfer to humans through inadvertent faecal contamination of seal products. The objective of this study was to investigate the occurrence and potential antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes in faecal samples collected from grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and from ringed seals (Pusa hispida) in Frobisher Bay and Eclipse Sound, Nunavut, Canada. Grey seals were harvested during commercial hunts or during scientific sampling; ringed seals were collected by Inuit hunters during subsistence harvests. Virulence genes defining pathogenic E. coli were identified by PCR, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on recovered isolates. In grey seals, E. coli was detected in 34/44 (77%) samples, and pathogenic E. coli (extraintestinal E. coli [ExPEC], enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC] or ExPEC/EPEC) was detected in 13/44 (29%) samples. Non-susceptibility to beta-lactams and quinolones was observed in isolates from 18 grey seals. In ringed seals from Frobisher Bay, E. coli was detected in 4/45 (9%) samples; neither virulence genes nor antimicrobial resistance was detected in these isolates. In ringed seals from Eclipse Sound, E. coli was detected in 8/50 (16%) samples and pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC and ExPEC/EPEC) in 5/50 (10%) samples. One seal from Eclipse Sound had an E. coli isolate resistant to beta-lactams. A monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium was recovered from 8/50 (16%) seals from Eclipse Sound. All Salmonella isolates were resistant to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole and tetracycline. L. monocytogenes was not detected in any sample. These findings suggest that seals may act as important sentinel species and as reservoirs or vectors for antimicrobial-resistant and virulent E. coli and Salmonella species. Further characterization of these isolates would provide additional insights into the source and spread of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in these populations of free-living seals. | 2023 | 37317052 |
| 5627 | 8 | 0.9909 | Observed Prevalence and Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant and Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta) from the Adriatic Sea. Background/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health concern with profound implications for human, animal, and environmental health. Marine ecosystems are emerging as reservoirs of resistant bacteria due to contamination from anthropogenic activities. This study aimed to investigate fluoroquinolone-resistant and multidrug-resistant bacteria in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta). Methods: Cloacal swabs were collected from 28 loggerhead sea turtles at a rescue center in southern Italy. Swabs were cultured in nutrient media supplemented with enrofloxacin. Bacterial isolates underwent identification by MALDI-TOF, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and assessment for multidrug resistance. Conjugation experiments evaluated the transferability of enrofloxacin resistance. Results: Thirty-six enrofloxacin-resistant bacterial strains were isolated from 22 turtles. The identified species included Vagococcus fluvialis (13 strains), Citrobacter freundii (5), Escherichia coli (6), and Pseudomonas mendocina (4). Thirty-five isolates exhibited multidrug resistance, with resistance to critically important antibiotics such as imipenem observed in C. freundii and Enterobacter faecium. Conjugation experiments showed no transfer of resistance genes. Conclusions: The study highlights the prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant and multidrug-resistant bacteria in C. caretta, implicating marine environments as reservoirs of AMR. The findings underscore the need for stricter regulation of antimicrobial use and monitoring of resistance dissemination in marine ecosystems. These results contribute to understanding AMR dynamics within the One Health framework, emphasizing the interconnectedness of environmental, animal, and human health. | 2025 | 40149063 |
| 3072 | 9 | 0.9909 | Faecal microbiota and antibiotic resistance genes in migratory waterbirds with contrasting habitat use. Migratory birds may have a vital role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance across habitats and regions, but empirical data remain scarce. We investigated differences in the gut microbiome composition and the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in faeces from four migratory waterbirds wintering in South-West Spain that differ in their habitat use. The white stork Ciconia ciconia and lesser black-backed gull Larus fuscus are omnivorous and opportunistic birds that use highly anthropogenic habitats such as landfills and urban areas. The greylag goose Anser anser and common crane Grus grus are herbivores and use more natural habitats. Fresh faeces from 15 individuals of each species were analysed to assess the composition of bacterial communities using 16S rRNA amplicon-targeted sequencing, and to quantify the abundance of the Class I integron integrase gene (intI1) as well as genes encoding resistance to sulfonamides (sul1), beta-lactams (bla(TEM), bla(KPC) and bla(NDM)), tetracyclines (tetW), fluoroquinolones (qnrS), and colistin (mcr-1) using qPCR. Bacterial communities in gull faeces were the richest and most diverse. Beta diversity analysis showed segregation in faecal communities between bird species, but those from storks and gulls were the most similar, these being the species that regularly feed in landfills. Potential bacterial pathogens identified in faeces differed significantly between bird species, with higher relative abundance in gulls. Faeces from birds that feed in landfills (stork and gull) contained a significantly higher abundance of ARGs (sul1, bla(TEM), and tetW). Genes conferring resistance to last resort antibiotics such as carbapenems (bla(KPC)) and colistin (mcr-1) were only observed in faeces from gulls. These results show that these bird species are reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant bacteria and suggest that waterbirds may disseminate antibiotic resistance across environments (e.g., from landfills to ricefields or water supplies), and thus constitute a risk for their further spread to wildlife and humans. | 2021 | 33872913 |
| 5286 | 10 | 0.9909 | Water pollution and observation of acquired antibiotic resistance in Bayou Lafourche, a major drinking water source in Southeast Louisiana, USA. Antibiotics are known to enter the environment, not only by human excretion but also through livestock/aquaculture, healthcare facilities, and pharmaceutical industry waste. Once in the environment, antibiotics have the ability to provide a selective pressure in microbial communities thus selecting for resistance. Bayou Lafourche of Southeastern Louisiana serves as the raw source of drinking water for 300,000 people in the region and has previously been shown to receive high amounts of fecal contamination. Four sites along the bayou and one site from its input source on the Mississippi River were monitored for water chemistry, total and fecal coliform estimates, and presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) for a period of 1 year. Four waste-associated bacterial isolates were tested for resistance to antibiotics (tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, cefoxitin, meropenem, imipenem, erythromycin, and vancomycin). Resistant bacteria were further examined with PCR/electrophoresis to confirm the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (Sul1, tet(A), tet(W), tet(X), IMP, KPC, and OXA-48). The bayou appears to meet the Louisiana Department of Environmental Quality (LDEQ) criteria for water chemistry, yet fecal coliforms were consistently higher than LDEQ thresholds, thus indicating fecal contamination. Enterobacteriaceae isolates showed 13.6%, 10.9%, and 19.8% resistant to tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and cefoxitin, respectively, and 11 isolates were confirmed for presence of either tet(A) or Sul1 resistance genes. High fecal coliforms and presence of ARB/ARG may both indicate a presence of anthropogenic or agricultural source of fecal contamination. | 2019 | 30612354 |
| 2644 | 11 | 0.9909 | Prevalence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli in Migratory Greater White-Fronted Geese (Anser albifrons) and their Habitat in Miyajimanuma, Japan. The spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) in natural environments including wild animals is a concern for public health. Birds cover large areas, and some fly across borders to migrate in large flocks. As a migratory bird, the Greater White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons) travels to Miyajimanuma, North Japan, each spring and autumn. To investigate the ARB in migratory birds and their surroundings, we collected 110 fecal samples of A. albifrons and 18 water samples from Miyajimanuma in spring and autumn of 2019. Isolation of Escherichia coli was performed using selective agars with or without antimicrobials (cefazolin and nalidixic acid). Isolates of E. coli were recovered from 56 fecal samples (50.9%) and five water samples (27.8%) on agars without antimicrobials. No isolates were recovered on agars with antimicrobials. One E. coli isolate derived from a fecal sample exhibited resistance to β-lactams (ampicillin and cefazolin), whereas all other isolates exhibited susceptibility to all tested antimicrobials. The resistant isolate harbored blaACC, which could be transferred to other bacteria and confer resistance to β-lactams. These results suggest a low prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in wild migratory birds and their living environments; however, wild migratory birds sometimes carry ARB harboring transferrable antimicrobial resistance genes and therefore present a risk of spreading antimicrobial resistance. | 2021 | 34410412 |
| 2944 | 12 | 0.9908 | Antimicrobial Resistance in Wildlife: Implications for Public Health. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria in natural environments is a major concern with serious implications for human and animal health. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of AMR Escherichia coli (E. coli) in wild birds and mammalian species. Thirty faecal samples were collected from each of the following wildlife species: herring gulls (Larus argentatus), black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus), lesser black-back gulls (Larus fuscus), hybrid deer species (Cervus elaphus x Cervus nippon) and twenty-six from starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). A total of 115 E. coli isolates were isolated from 81 of 146 samples. Confirmed E. coli isolates were tested for their susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents by disc diffusion. In total, 5.4% (8/146) of samples exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes. The phylogenetic group and AMR-encoding genes of all multidrug resistance isolates were determined by PCR. Tetracycline-, ampicillin- and streptomycin-resistant isolates were the most common resistant phenotypes. The following genes were identified in E. coli: bla(TEM), strA, tet(A) and tet(B). Plasmids were identified in all samples that exhibited multidrug-resistant phenotypes. This study indicates that wild birds and mammals may function as important host reservoirs and potential vectors for the spread of resistant bacteria and genetic determinants of AMR. | 2015 | 25639901 |
| 2848 | 13 | 0.9908 | Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria Monitoring in Raw Seafood Retailed: a Pilot Study Focused on Vibrio and Aeromonas. In aquaculture, bacterial infections in sea animals are treated using antimicrobials. As seafood is frequently consumed in its raw form, seafood contaminated with water-borne antimicrobial-resistant bacteria presents a potential transmission route to humans and can influence food safety. In this study, we aimed to determine the abundance of water-borne bacteria in retail raw seafood and to characterize their antimicrobial resistance profiles. In total, 85 retail raw seafood samples (32 fish, 26 shellfish, 25 mollusks, and two crustaceans) were purchased from supermarkets in Japan, and water-borne bacteria were isolated. The isolated bacterial species predominantly included Vibrio spp. (54.1%) and Aeromonas spp. (34.1%). Vibrio or Aeromonas spp. were isolated from more than 70% of the seafood samples. Tetracycline-, sulfamethoxazole-, and/or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant Vibrio or Aeromonas spp. isolates were detected in seven (21.9%) fish samples (two wild-caught and five farm-raised) harboring tet, sul, and/or dfr genes. Sulfamethoxazole- and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant isolates were only detected in farm-raised fish. Tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole are commonly used in aquaculture. These results suggest that water-borne bacteria like Vibrio and Aeromonas spp. should be the primary focus of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria monitoring to effectively elucidate their spread of bacteria via seafood. | 2023 | 38144894 |
| 2890 | 14 | 0.9908 | Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli from Tagus estuary (Portugal). Fecal pollution of surface waters is a current world-wide public health concern and may contribute for the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. The Tagus estuary located in the south of Portugal is one of the largest wetlands in the west coast of Europe. In this study, water samples were collected from seven stations with different anthropic pressures along the estuary and evaluated for water quality indicator bacteria. Escherichia coli isolates (n=350) were typed by REP-PCR. Representatives of each REP profile (n=220) were evaluated phenotypically for resistance to 17 antibiotics and characterized in terms of phylogenetic group. Resistant isolates were screened for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, qnrA, qnrB, qnrS, aacA4-cr, bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M), bla(CMY-like), bla(IMP), bla(VIM)) and integrase genes (intI1 and intI2). The highest antibiotic resistance prevalence was observed for streptomycin and tetracycline followed by β-lactams and sulphonamides. Among E. coli isolates, 65.16% were resistant to at least one of the 17 antibiotics tested and approximately 19% were multiresistant. In our E. coli population phylo-groups A and D were predominant and characterized by higher prevalence of the antibiotic resistance. intI1 and intI2 genes were found in 12% of the isolates with prevalence of class 1 integrons. A strong correlation between the prevalence of integrons and multiresistance was observed. Differences in terms of antibiotic resistance between phylogenetic groups and between sampling sites were statistically significant. The results demonstrate a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance among E. coli circulating in the Tagus estuary with emphasis on the occurrence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics and on the high incidence of multiresistance. | 2013 | 23714246 |
| 5445 | 15 | 0.9908 | Antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas ssp. strains isolated from Sparus aurata reared in Italian mariculture farms. Selective pressure in the aquatic environment of intensive fish farms leads to acquired antibiotic resistance. This study used the broth microdilution method to measure minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 15 antibiotics against 104 Aeromonas spp. strains randomly selected among bacteria isolated from Sparus aurata reared in six Italian mariculture farms. The antimicrobial agents chosen were representative of those primarily used in aquaculture and human therapy and included oxolinic acid (OXA), ampicillin (AM), amoxicillin (AMX), cephalothin (CF), cloramphenicol (CL), erythromycin (E), florfenicol (FF), flumequine (FM), gentamicin (GM), kanamycin (K), oxytetracycline (OT), streptomycin (S), sulfadiazine (SZ), tetracycline (TE) and trimethoprim (TMP). The most prevalent species selected from positive samples was Aeromonas media (15 strains). The bacterial strains showed high resistance to SZ, AMX, AM, E, CF, S and TMP antibiotics. Conversely, TE and CL showed MIC(90) values lower than breakpoints for susceptibility and many isolates were susceptible to OXA, GM, FF, FM, K and OT antibiotics. Almost all Aeromonas spp. strains showed multiple antibiotic resistance. Epidemiological cut-off values (ECVs) for Aeromonas spp. were based on the MIC distributions obtained. The results showed a high frequency of Aeromonas spp. contamination in Sparus aurata reared on the Italian coast and an elevated biodiversity in isolated bacterial strains. Aeromonas isolates comprise potentially pathogenic species for humans, often resistant to several antibiotics and able to transfer the genes responsible for antibiotic resistance to microorganisms pathogenic for humans throughout the food chain. The few ECV studies available on many antibiotics against Aeromonas spp. strains isolated from the aquaculture environment highlight the need for further research in this area, while regular monitoring programmes should be stepped up to check for antibiotic resistance. | 2018 | 30081345 |
| 5278 | 16 | 0.9908 | Antibiotic resistance of culturable heterotrophic bacteria isolated from shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) aquaculture ponds. Shrimp aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food-producing avenues, where antibiotics usage has become an issue of great concern due to the development of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria. A total of 2304 bacterial isolates from 192 samples (sediment, water, shrimp, and source water) from Andhra Pradesh, India were screened. Antibiotic resistance of bacterial isolates was highest for oxytetracycline (23.4%) followed by erythromycin (12.7%), co-trimoxazole (10%) ciprofloxacin (9.6%), and chloramphenicol (6%), of which 11.9% isolates were multi-drug resistant. Bacterial isolates from shrimp (26.7%), water (23.9%), and sediment (19.6%) samples exhibited more resistance (p ≤ 0.05) towards oxytetracycline. Higher antibacterial resistance was observed from samples of southern Andhra Pradesh (locations L6 and L7). Gram negative bacteria were more prevalent (64%) and showed significantly (p ≤ 0.01) higher resistance. This study indicated the wider distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in shrimp aquaculture ponds with potential risk to humans and the environment. | 2021 | 34450408 |
| 1367 | 17 | 0.9907 | Azorean wild rabbits as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is an increasing problem that is not only constrained to the clinical setting but also to other environments that can lodge antibiotic resistant bacteria and therefore they may serve as reservoirs of genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance. One hundred and thirty-six faecal samples from European wild rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus) were collected on São Jorge Island in Azores Archipelago, and analysed for Escherichia coli isolates. Seventy-seven isolates (56.6%) were recovered and studied for antimicrobial resistance, one isolate per positive sample. Thirteen (16.9%), 19 (24.7%), 25 (32.4%) and 20 (26%) isolates were ascribed to A, B1, B2 and D phylogenetic groups, respectively, by specific primer polymerase chain reaction. Different E. coli isolates were found to be resistant to ampicillin (16.9%), tetracycline (1.3%), streptomycin (42.9%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (1.3%), amikacin (1.3%), tobramycin (2.6%) and nalidixic acid (1.3%). Additionally, the blaTEM, tetA, strA/strB, aadA, sul1, intI, intI2 and qacEΔ+sul1 genes were found in most resistant isolates. This study showed that E. coli from the intestinal tract of wild rabbits from Azores Archipelago are resistant to widely prescribed antibiotics in medicine and they constitute a reservoir of antimicrobial resistant genes, which may play a significant role in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, antibiotic resistant E. coli from Azorean wild rabbits may represent an ecological and public health problem. | 2014 | 25246166 |
| 2873 | 18 | 0.9907 | Microbiological Quality and Prevalence of β-Lactam Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Oysters ( Crassostrea rhizophorae ). The microbiological quality of oysters reflects the microbiological quality of their habitats because they are filter feeders. The objective of this study was to assess the bacterial composition of the edible oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae in urban and preserved estuaries. Particularly, we assessed the presence of pathogenic bacteria, investigated antibiotic susceptibility in bacterial isolates, and quantified β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes (bla(TEM), bla(SHV), and bla(KPC)) via quantitative PCR of oyster DNA. Our results detected total coliforms, Escherichia coli , and enterobacteria in the oysters from urban estuaries, which is indicative of poor water quality. In addition, our detection of the eaeA and stxA2 virulence genes in 16.7% of E. coli isolates from oysters from this region suggests the presence of multiantibiotic-resistant enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic E. coli strains. During periods of low precipitation, increased contamination by E. coli (in winter) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (in autumn) was observed. In contrast, cultivated oysters inhabiting monitored farms in preserved areas had low levels of bacterial contamination, emphasizing that oyster culture monitoring enhances food quality and makes oysters fit for human consumption. Distinct antibiotic resistance profiles were observed in bacteria isolated from oysters collected from different areas, including resistance to β-lactam antibiotics. The presence of the bla(TEM) gene in 91.3% of oyster samples indicated that microorganisms in estuarine water conferred the capability to produce β-lactamase. To our knowledge, this is the first study to directly quantify and detect β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes in oysters. We believe our study provides baseline data for bacterial dynamics in estuarine oysters; such knowledge contributes to developing risk assessments to determine the associated hazards and consequences of consuming oysters from aquatic environments containing pathogenic bacteria that may possess antibiotic resistance genes. | 2017 | 28207310 |
| 5282 | 19 | 0.9907 | Occupational Exposure and Carriage of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes (tetW, ermB) in Pig Slaughterhouse Workers. OBJECTIVES: Slaughterhouse staff is occupationally exposed to antimicrobial resistant bacteria. Studies reported high antimicrobial resistance gene (ARG) abundances in slaughter pigs. This cross-sectional study investigated occupational exposure to tetracycline (tetW) and macrolide (ermB) resistance genes and assessed determinants for faecal tetW and ermB carriage among pig slaughterhouse workers. METHODS: During 2015-2016, 483 faecal samples and personal questionnaires were collected from workers in a Dutch pig abattoir, together with 60 pig faecal samples. Human dermal and respiratory exposure was assessed by examining 198 carcass, 326 gloves, and 33 air samples along the line, next to 198 packed pork chops to indicate potential consumer exposure. Samples were analyzed by qPCR (tetW, ermB). A job exposure matrix was created by calculating the percentage of tetW and ermB positive carcasses or gloves for each job position. Multiple linear regression models were used to link exposure to tetW and ermB carriage. RESULTS: Workers are exposed to tetracycline and macrolide resistance genes along the slaughter line. Tetw and ermB gradients were found for carcasses, gloves, and air filters. One packed pork chop contained tetW, ermB was non-detectable. Human faecal tetW and ermB concentrations were lower than in pig faeces. Associations were found between occupational tetW exposure and human faecal tetW carriage, yet, not after model adjustments. Sampling round, nationality, and smoking were determinants for ARG carriage. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated clear environmental tetracycline and macrolide resistance gene exposure gradients along the slaughter line. No robust link was found between ARG exposure and human faecal ARG carriage. | 2020 | 31883001 |