# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 9055 | 0 | 0.9240 | siRNA-AGO2 complex inhibits bacterial gene translation: A promising therapeutic strategy for superbug infection. Silencing resistance genes of pathogenic bacteria by RNA interference (RNAi) is a potential strategy to fight antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. Currently, RNAi cannot be achieved in bacteria due to the lack of RNA-induced silencing complex machinery and the difficulty of small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery. Here, we show that exosomal siRNAs can be efficiently delivered into bacterial cells and can silence target genes primarily through translational repression without mRNA degradation. The exosomal Argonaute 2 (AGO2) protein forms a complex with siRNAs, which is essential for bacterial gene silencing. Both in vitro and in vivo-generated exosome-packaged siRNAs resensitize methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) to methicillin treatment by silencing the mecA gene, which is the primary beta-lactam resistance determinant of MRSA. This approach significantly enhances the therapeutic effect in a mouse model of MRSA infection. In summary, our study provides a method for siRNA delivery to bacteria that may facilitate the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection. | 2025 | 40054457 |
| 8736 | 1 | 0.9218 | Effects of intracanal irrigant MTAD Combined with nisin at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration levels on Enterococcus faecalis growth and the expression of pathogenic genes. Exposure to antibiotics is considered to be the major driver in the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and may induce diverse biological responses in bacteria. MTAD is a common intracanal irrigant, but its bactericidal activity remains to be improved. Previous studies have indicated that the antimicrobial peptide nisin can significantly improve the bactericidal activity of MTAD against Enterococcus faecalis. However, the effects of MTAD and its modification at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) levels on Enterococcus faecalis growth and the expression of pathogenic genes still need to be explored. In this study, the results of post-antibiotic effects (PAE) and post-antibiotic sub-MIC effects (PASME) showed that MTADN (nisin in combination with MTAD) had the best post-antibiotic effect. E. faecalis after challenge with MTAD was less sensitive to alkaline solutions compared with MTAN (nisin in place of doxycycline in MTAD) and MTADN. E. faecalis induced with sub-MIC of MTAD generated resistance to the higher concentration, but induction of E. faecalis with MTAN did not cause resistance to higher concentrations. Furthermore, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that the stress caused by sub-MIC exposure to MTAD, MTAN, or MTADN resulted in up- or down-regulation of nine stress genes and four virulence-associated genes in E. faecalis and resulted in different stress states. These findings suggested that nisin improved the post-antibacterial effect of MTAD at sub-MIC levels and has considerable potential for use as a modification of MTAD. | 2014 | 24603760 |
| 8129 | 2 | 0.9217 | Pesticide contamination and antimicrobial resistance: Two threats to the Neotropical Otter (Lontra longicaudis) in the Peñas Blancas River Basin, Costa Rica. The effects of synthetic pesticides on antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in bacterial communities from contaminated waters are unclear. Otters in the Peñas Blancas basin encounter various anthropogenic residues, including pesticides. In 2022, we analyzed the presence of pesticides in six water samples and ARGs in eight otter fecal samples. Thirteen pesticides (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, and multi-target) and seven ARGs (qnrS, tetA, tetB, tetQ, tetW, sulI, sulII) were detected. Regulated pesticides such as chlorpyrifos and ethoprophos, along with diazinon, diuron, imidacloprid, and terbutryn were found. These pesticides have been implicated in promoting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria, particularly when combined with sub-lethal doses of antibiotics. Elevated levels of ethoprophos (0.67 ng/L) and a fecal sample containing four ARGs (tetA, tetB, sulI, and sulII) came from the upper basin. Our findings reveal pesticide application practices in the region, and highlight the potential risk of pesticide exposure to wildlife, including development of AMR. | 2025 | 40473152 |
| 6376 | 3 | 0.9210 | Mechanisms of mepA Overexpression and Membrane Potential Reduction Leading to Ciprofloxacin Heteroresistance in a Staphylococcus aureus Isolate. Heteroresistance has seriously affected the evaluation of antibiotic efficacy against pathogenic bacteria, causing misjudgment of antibiotics' sensitivity in clinical therapy, leading to treatment failure, and posing a serious threat to current medical health. However, the mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus heteroresistance to ciprofloxacin remains unclear. In this study, heteroresistance to ciprofloxacin in S. aureus strain 529 was confirmed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and population analysis profiling (PAP), with the resistance of subclonal 529_HR based on MIC being 8-fold that of the original bacteria. A 7-day serial MIC evaluation and growth curves demonstrate that their phenotype was stable, with 529_HR growing more slowly than 529, but reaching a plateau in a similar proportion. WGS analysis showed that there were 11 nonsynonymous mutations and one deletion gene between the two bacteria, but none of these SNPs were directly associated with ciprofloxacin resistance. Transcriptome data analysis showed that the expression of membrane potential related genes (qoxA, qoxB, qoxC, qoxD, mprF) was downregulated, and the expression of multidrug resistance efflux pump gene mepA was upregulated. The combination of ciprofloxacin and limonene restored the 529_HR MIC from 1 mg/L to 0.125 mg/L. Measurement of the membrane potential found that 529_HR had a lower potential, which may enable it to withstand the ciprofloxacin-induced decrease in membrane potential. In summary, we demonstrated that upregulation of mepA gene expression and a reduction in membrane potential are the main heteroresistance mechanisms of S. aureus to ciprofloxacin. Additionally, limonene may be a potentially effective agent to inhibit ciprofloxacin heteroresistance phenotypes. | 2025 | 40076991 |
| 4724 | 4 | 0.9205 | Transcriptomic analysis of sub-MIC Eugenol exposition on antibiotic resistance profile in Multidrug Resistant Enterococcus faecalis E9.8. The spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and their resistance genes along the food chain and the environment has become a global threat aggravated by incorrect disinfection strategies. This study analysed the effect of induction by sub-inhibitory concentrations of eugenol - a major ingredient in clove essential oil commonly used in disinfectant agents - on the phenotypic and genotypic response of MDR Enterococcus faecalis E9.8 strain, selected based on the phenotypic response of other enterococci. Eugenol treatment irreversibly reduced several antibiotics' minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), confirmed by kinetic studies for kanamycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis indicated the reversion of antibiotic resistance through direct and indirect measures, such as down-regulation of genes coding for proteins involved in antibiotic resistance, toxin resistance and virulence factors. Regarding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), ten differentially expressed genes (five down-regulated and five up-regulated genes) were related to the main transporter families, which present key targets in antibiotic resistance reversion. Our study thus highlights the importance of considering indirectly related genes as targets for antibiotic resistance reversion besides ARGs sensu stricto. These results allow us to propose using eugenol as an antibiotic resistance reversing agent to be included in disinfectant solutions as an excellent alternative to limit the spread of MDR bacteria and their ARGs in the food chain and the environment. | 2025 | 39827501 |
| 2996 | 5 | 0.9205 | Presence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli, Enterococcusspp. and Salmonellasp. in 12 species of Australian shorebirds and terns. Antibiotic resistance is an ongoing threat to both human and animal health. Migratory birds are a potential vector for the spread of novel pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes. To date, there has been no comprehensive study investigating the presence of antibiotic resistance (AMR) in the bacteria of Australian shorebirds or terns. In the current study, 1022 individual birds representing 12 species were sampled across three states of Australia (Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia) and tested for the presence of phenotypically resistant strains of three bacteria with potential to be zoonotic pathogens; Escherichia coli, Enterococcusspp., and Salmonellasp. In total, 206 E. coli, 266 Enterococcusspp., and 20 Salmonellasp. isolates were recovered, with AMR detected in 42% of E. coli, 85% of Enterococcusspp., and 10% of Salmonellasp. Phenotypic resistance was commonly detected to erythromycin (79% of Enterococcusspp.), ciprofloxacin (31% of Enterococcusspp.) and streptomycin (21% of E. coli). Resident birds were more likely to carry AMR bacteria than migratory birds (p ≤ .001). Bacteria isolated from shorebirds and terns are commonly resistant to at least one antibiotic, suggesting that wild bird populations serve as a potential reservoir and vector for AMR bacteria. However, globally emerging phenotypes of multidrug-resistant bacteria were not detected in Australian shorebirds. This study provides baseline data of the carriage of AMR bacteria in Australian shorebirds and terns. | 2022 | 35460193 |
| 5661 | 6 | 0.9204 | Detection of β-Lactamase Resistance and Biofilm Genes in Pseudomonas Species Isolated from Chickens. Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas are pathogens in both humans and animals. The most prevalent nosocomial pathogen is P. aeruginosa, particularly strains with elevated antibiotic resistance. In this study, a total of eighteen previously identified Pseudomonas species strains, were isolated from chicken. These strains were screened for biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance. In addition, we evaluated clove oil’s effectiveness against Pseudomonas isolates as an antibiofilm agent. The results showed that Pseudomonas species isolates were resistant to most antibiotics tested, particularly those from the β-lactamase family. A significant correlation (p < 0.05) between the development of multidrug-resistant isolates and biofilms is too informal. After amplifying the AmpC-plasmid-mediated genes (blaCMY, blaMIR, DHA, and FOX) and biofilm-related genes (psld, rhlA, and pelA) in most of our isolates, PCR confirmed this relationship. Clove oil has a potent antibiofilm effect against Pseudomonas isolates, and may provide a treatment for bacteria that form biofilms and are resistant to antimicrobials. | 2022 | 36296251 |
| 620 | 7 | 0.9202 | Transcriptomic Responses and Survival Mechanisms of Staphylococci to the Antimicrobial Skin Lipid Sphingosine. Sphingosines are antimicrobial lipids that form part of the innate barrier to skin colonization by microbes. Sphingosine deficiencies can result in increased epithelial infections by bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus. Recent studies have focused on the potential use of sphingosine resistance or its potential mechanisms. We used RNA-Seq to identify the common d-sphingosine transcriptomic response of the transient skin colonizer S. aureus and the dominant skin coloniser S. epidermidis. A common d-sphingosine stimulon was identified that included downregulation of the SaeSR two-component system (TCS) regulon and upregulation of both the VraSR TCS and CtsR stress regulons. We show that the PstSCAB phosphate transporter, and VraSR offer intrinsic resistance to d-sphingosine. Further, we demonstrate increased sphingosine resistance in these staphylococci evolves readily through mutations in genes encoding the FarE-FarR efflux/regulator proteins. The ease of selecting mutants with resistance to sphingosine may impact upon staphylococcal colonization of skin where the lipid is present and have implications with topical therapeutic applications. | 2022 | 34902269 |
| 9016 | 8 | 0.9201 | Hfq Regulates Efflux Pump Expression and Purine Metabolic Pathway to Increase Trimethoprim Resistance in Aeromonas veronii. Aeromonas veronii (A. veronii) is a zoonotic pathogen. It causes clinically a variety of diseases such as dysentery, bacteremia, and meningitis, and brings huge losses to aquaculture. A. veronii has been documented as a multiple antibiotic resistant bacterium. Hfq (host factor for RNA bacteriophage Qβ replication) participates in the regulations of the virulence, adhesion, and nitrogen fixation, effecting on the growth, metabolism synthesis and stress resistance in bacteria. The deletion of hfq gene in A. veronii showed more sensitivity to trimethoprim, accompanying by the upregulations of purine metabolic genes and downregulations of efflux pump genes by transcriptomic data analysis. Coherently, the complementation of efflux pump-related genes acrA and acrB recovered the trimethoprim resistance in Δhfq. Besides, the accumulations of adenosine and guanosine were increased in Δhfq in metabonomic data. The strain Δhfq conferred more sensitive to trimethoprim after appending 1 mM guanosine to M9 medium, while wild type was not altered. These results demonstrated that Hfq mediated trimethoprim resistance by elevating efflux pump expression and degrading adenosine, and guanosine metabolites. Collectively, Hfq is a potential target to tackle trimethoprim resistance in A. veronii infection. | 2021 | 34899630 |
| 611 | 9 | 0.9201 | The Staphylococcus aureus FASII bypass escape route from FASII inhibitors. Antimicrobials targeting the fatty acid synthesis (FASII) pathway are being developed as alternative treatments for bacterial infections. Emergence of resistance to FASII inhibitors was mainly considered as a consequence of mutations in the FASII target genes. However, an alternative and efficient anti-FASII resistance strategy, called here FASII bypass, was uncovered. Bacteria that bypass FASII incorporate exogenous fatty acids in membrane lipids, and thus dispense with the need for FASII. This strategy is used by numerous Gram-positive low GC % bacteria, including streptococci, enterococci, and staphylococci. Some bacteria repress FASII genes once fatty acids are available, and "constitutively" shift to FASII bypass. Others, such as the major pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, can undergo high frequency mutations that favor FASII bypass. This capacity is particularly relevant during infection, as the host supplies the fatty acids needed for bacteria to bypass FASII and thus become resistant to FASII inhibitors. Screenings for anti-FASII resistance in the presence of exogenous fatty acids confirmed that FASII bypass confers anti-FASII resistance among clinical and veterinary isolates. Polymorphisms in S. aureus FASII initiation enzymes favor FASII bypass, possibly by increasing availability of acyl-carrier protein, a required intermediate. Here we review FASII bypass and consequences in light of proposed uses of anti-FASII to treat infections, with a focus on FASII bypass in S. aureus. | 2017 | 28728970 |
| 6359 | 10 | 0.9199 | Drug resistance of oral bacteria to new antibacterial dental monomer dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate. Only two reports exist on drug-resistance of quaternary ammonium monomers against oral bacteria; both studies tested planktonic bacteria for 10 passages, and neither study tested biofilms or resins. The objectives of this study were to investigate the drug-resistance of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus gordonii against dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM), and to evaluate biofilms on resins with repeated exposures for 20 passages for the first time. DMAHDM, dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM) and chlorhexidine (CHX) were tested with planktonic bacteria. Biofilms were grown on a resin containing 3% DMAHDM. Minimum-inhibitory concentrations were measured. To detect drug-resistance, the survived bacteria from the previous passage were used as inoculum for the next passage for repeated exposures. S. gordonii developed drug-resistance against DMADDM and CHX, but not against DMAHDM. Biofilm colony-forming units (CFU) on DMAHDM-resin was reduced by 3-4 log; there was no difference from passages 1 to 20 (p > 0.1). No drug-resistance to DMAHDM was detected for all three bacterial species. In conclusion, this study showed that DMAHDM induced no drug-resistance, and DMAHDM-resin reduced biofilm CFU by 3-4 log, with no significant change from 1 to 20 passages. DMAHDM with potent antibacterial activities and no drug-resistance is promising for dental applications. | 2018 | 29615732 |
| 252 | 11 | 0.9197 | Identification of regulated genes conferring resistance to high concentrations of glyphosate in a new strain of Enterobacter. Glyphosate is a widely used herbicide that inhibits 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) activity. Most plants and microbes are sensitive to glyphosate. However, transgenic-resistant crops that contain a modified epsps obtained from the resistant microbes have been commercially successful and therefore, new resistance genes and their adaptive regulatory mechanisms are of great interest. In this study, a soil-borne, glyphosate-resistant bacterium was selected and identified as Enterobacter. The EPSPS in this strain was found to have been altered to a resistant one. A total of 42 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the glyphosate were screened using microarray techniques. Under treatment, argF, sdhA, ivbL, rrfA-H were downregulated, whereas the transcripts of speA, osmY, pflB, ahpC, fusA, deoA, uxaC, rpoD and a few ribosomal protein genes were upregulated. Data were verified by quantitative real-time PCR on selected genes. All transcriptional changes appeared to protect the bacteria from glyphosate and associated osmotic, acidic and oxidative stresses. Many DEGs may have the potential to confer resistance to glyphosate alone, and some may be closely related to the shikimate pathway, reflecting the complex gene interaction network for glyphosate resistance. | 2013 | 24237416 |
| 7134 | 12 | 0.9197 | Elevated levels of antibiotic resistance in groundwater during treated wastewater irrigation associated with infiltration and accumulation of antibiotic residues. Treated wastewater irrigation (TWW) releases antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the environment and might thus promote the dissemination of antibiotic resistance in groundwater (GW). We hypothesized that TWW irrigation increases ARG abundance in GW through two potential mechanisms: the contamination of GW with resistant bacteria and the accumulation of antibiotics in GW. To test this, the GW below a real-scale TWW-irrigated field was sampled for six months. Sampling took place before, during and after high-intensity TWW irrigation. Samples were analysed with 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, qPCR of six ARGs and the class 1 integron-integrase gene intI1, while liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was performed to detect antibiotic and pharmaceutical residues. Absolute abundance of 16S rRNA in GW decreased rather than increased during long-term irrigation. Also, the relative abundance of TWW-related bacteria did not increase in GW during long-term irrigation. In contrast, long-term TWW irrigation increased the relative abundance of sul1 and intI1 in the GW microbiome. Furthermore, GW contained elevated concentrations of sulfonamide antibiotics, especially sulfamethoxazole, to which sul1 confers resistance. Total sulfonamide concentrations in GW correlated with sul1 relative abundance. Consequently, TWW irrigation promoted sul1 and intI1 dissemination in the GW microbiome, most likely due to the accumulation of drug residues. | 2022 | 34555761 |
| 7875 | 13 | 0.9194 | Phenacetin enhanced the inorganic nitrogen removal performance of anammox bacteria naturally in-situ enriched system. Among the earliest synthetic antipyretic drugs, phenacetin (PNCT) could be used as the novel partial nitrification (PN) inhibitor to effectively inhibit nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). In practical application, the rapidly starting of PN could provide stable source of nitrite for anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process. However, impact of PNCT on anaerobic ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) and its underlying mechanisms were not clear. In this research, totally 14 times of PNCT aerobic soaking treatment were performed in the AnAOB naturally enrichment system to improve total inorganic nitrogen removal efficiency (TINRE). After once of PNCT treatment, TINRE rose from 61.89 % to 79.93 %. After 14 times of PNCT treatment, NOB Nitrospira relative abundance decreased from 9.82 % to 0.71 %, though Candidatus Brocadia relative abundance also declined, it might gradually adjust to PNCT by converting the leading oligotype species. The activity and relative abundances of NOB were reduced by PNCT via decreasing the abundances of genes amoA and nxrB, enzymes NxrA and NxrB. Moreover, Candidatus Jettenia and Ca. Brocadia might be the potential host of qacH-01 and they played the crucial role in the shaping profile of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The explosive propagation or transmission of ARGs might not take place after PNCT treatment. | 2024 | 39566627 |
| 8141 | 14 | 0.9193 | Pseudomonas sax genes overcome aliphatic isothiocyanate-mediated non-host resistance in Arabidopsis. Most plant-microbe interactions do not result in disease; natural products restrict non-host pathogens. We found that sulforaphane (4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate), a natural product derived from aliphatic glucosinolates, inhibits growth in Arabidopsis of non-host Pseudomonas bacteria in planta. Multiple sax genes (saxCAB/F/D/G) were identified in Pseudomonas species virulent on Arabidopsis. These sax genes are required to overwhelm isothiocyanate-based defenses and facilitate a disease outcome, especially in the young leaves critical for plant survival. Introduction of saxCAB genes into non-host strains enabled them to overcome these Arabidopsis defenses. Our study shows that aliphatic isothiocyanates, previously shown to limit damage by herbivores, are also crucial, robust, and developmentally regulated defenses that underpin non-host resistance in the Arabidopsis-Pseudomonas pathosystem. | 2011 | 21385714 |
| 4768 | 15 | 0.9193 | Attenuating the virulence of the resistant superbug Staphylococcus aureus bacteria isolated from neonatal sepsis by ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and sodium bicarbonate. BACKGROUND: Infections affecting neonates caused by Staphylococcus aureus are widespread in healthcare facilities; hence, novel strategies are needed to fight this pathogen. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the FDA-approved medications ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and sodium bicarbonate to reduce the virulence of the resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that causes neonatal sepsis and seek out suitable alternatives to the problem of multi-drug resistance. METHODS: Tested drugs were assessed phenotypically and genotypically for their effects on virulence factors and virulence-encoding genes in Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, drugs were tested in vivo for their ability to reduce Staphylococcus aureus pathogenesis. RESULTS: Sub-inhibitory concentrations (1/8 MIC) of ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and sodium bicarbonate reduced the production of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors, including biofilm formation, staphyloxanthin, proteases, and hemolysin production, as well as resistance to oxidative stress. At the molecular level, qRT-PCR was used to assess the relative expression levels of crtM, sigB, sarA, agrA, hla, fnbA, and icaA genes regulating virulence factors production and showed a significant reduction in the relative expression levels of all the tested genes. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings reveal that ascorbic acid, dexamethasone, and sodium bicarbonate have strong anti-virulence effects against Staphylococcus aureus. Thus, suggesting that they might be used as adjuvants to treat infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus in combination with conventional antimicrobials or as alternative therapies. | 2022 | 36348266 |
| 9024 | 16 | 0.9192 | Tackling Virulence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the Natural Furanone Sotolon. The bacterial resistance development due to the incessant administration of antibiotics has led to difficulty in their treatment. Natural adjuvant compounds can be co-administered to hinder the pathogenesis of resistant bacteria. Sotolon is the prevailing aromatic compound that gives fenugreek its typical smell. In the current work, the anti-virulence activities of sotolon on Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been evaluated. P. aeruginosa has been treated with sotolon at sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and production of biofilm and other virulence factors were assessed. Moreover, the anti-quorum sensing (QS) activity of sotolon was in-silico evaluated by evaluating the affinity of sotolon to bind to QS receptors, and the expression of QS genes was measured in the presence of sotolon sub-MIC. Furthermore, the sotolon in-vivo capability to protect mice against P. aeruginosa was assessed. Significantly, sotolon decreased the production of bacterial biofilm and virulence factors, the expression of QS genes, and protected mice from P. aeruginosa. Conclusively, the plant natural substance sotolon attenuated the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa, locating it as a plausible potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of its infections. Sotolon can be used in the treatment of bacterial infections as an alternative or adjuvant to antibiotics to combat their high resistance to antibiotics. | 2021 | 34356792 |
| 7874 | 17 | 0.9191 | Phenacetin promoted the rapid start-up and stable maintenance of partial nitrification: Responses of nitrifiers and antibiotic resistance genes. Phenacetin (PNCT) belongs to one of the earliest synthetic antipyretics. However, impact of PNCT on nitrifying microorganisms in wastewater treatment plants and its potential microbial mechanism was still unclear. In this study, PN could be initiated within six days by PNCT anaerobic soaking treatment (8 mg/L). In order to improve the stable performance of PN, 21 times of PNCT aerobic soaking treatment every three days was conducted and PN was stabilized for 191 days. After PN was damaged, ten times of PNCT aerobic soaking treatment every three days was conducted and PN was recovered after once soaking, maintained over 88 days. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria might change the dominant oligotype to gradually adjust to PNCT, and the increase of abundance and activity of Nitrosomonas promoted the initiation of PN. For nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB), the increase of Candidatus Nitrotoga and Nitrospira destroyed PN, but PN could be recovered after once aerobic soaking illustrating NOB was not resistant to PNCT. KEGG and COG analysis suggested PNCT might disrupt rTCA cycle of Nitrospira, resulting in the decrease of relative abundance of Nitrospira. Moreover, PNCT did not lead to the sharp increase of absolute abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and the risk of ARGs transmission was negligible. | 2024 | 38744392 |
| 8040 | 18 | 0.9191 | Removing high strength lincomycin in pharmaceutical wastewater by a bacteria microalgae consortium co-immobilized filter. Lincomycin (LIN) in pharmaceutical wastewater would enter municipal wastewater treatment plants and decrease their performance, leading to residual LIN enter the natural environment and pose serious eco-risk. In this study, a bacterium-microalgae consortium co-immobilized filter (BMCCF) was established and used to remove LIN in artificial pharmaceutical wastewater treatment plants effluents (PWWTPE). LIN removal mechanisms and degradation products' eco-toxicity was studied, and the abundance change of class 1 integrase gene (intI1) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was monitored. As a result, 98.54% of 82 mg L(-1) LIN was removed within 7 days, LIN removal was mainly attributed to bio-degradation by the Bacillus subtilis strain, and LIN degradation products were less toxic than their substrate. Therefore, the BMCCF established in this study provides a promising alternative for the bio-treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater containing high concentration of LIN. | 2025 | 39490598 |
| 9224 | 19 | 0.9191 | Plant-derived secondary metabolites as the main source of efflux pump inhibitors and methods for identification. The upsurge of multiple drug resistance (MDR) bacteria substantially diminishes the effectiveness of antibiotic arsenal and therefore intensifies the rate of therapeutic failure. The major factor in MDR is efflux pump-mediated resistance. A unique pump can make bacteria withstand a wide range of structurally diverse compounds. Therefore, their inhibition is a promising route to eliminate resistance phenomenon in bacteria. Phytochemicals are excellent alternatives as resistance-modifying agents. They can directly kill bacteria or interact with the crucial events of pathogenicity, thereby decreasing the ability of bacteria to develop resistance. Numerous botanicals display noteworthy efflux pumps inhibitory activities. Edible plants are of growing interest. Likewise, some plant families would be excellent sources of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) including Apocynaceae, Berberidaceae, Convolvulaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae, and Zingiberaceae. Easily applicable methods for screening plant-derived EPIs include checkerboard synergy test, berberine uptake assay and ethidium bromide test. In silico high-throughput virtual detection can be evaluated as a criterion of excluding compounds with efflux substrate-like characteristics, thereby improving the selection process and extending the identification of EPIs. To ascertain the efflux activity inhibition, real-time PCR and quantitative mass spectrometry can be applied. This review emphasizes on efflux pumps and their roles in transmitting bacterial resistance and an update plant-derived EPIs and strategies for identification. | 2020 | 32923005 |