# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 1256 | 0 | 0.9863 | Prevalence of antimicrobial resistant genes in Bacteroides spp. isolated in Oita Prefecture, Japan. INTRODUCTION: Bacteroides spp. are the most common anaerobic bacteria isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract. Several resistant genes are present in Bacteroides spp. However, most studies have focused on the prevalence of the cfiA gene in Bacteroides fragilis alone. We assessed the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and the prevalence of cepA, cfiA, cfxA, ermF, nim, and tetQ genes in Bacteroides strains isolated from clinical specimens in our hospital. METHODS: We isolated 86 B. fragilis and 58 non-fragilis Bacteroides strains from human clinical specimens collected from January 2011 to November 2021. Resistance against piperacillin (PIPC), cefotaxime (CTX), cefepime (CFPM), meropenem (MEPM), clindamycin, and minocycline was determined. RESULTS: The resistant rates of penicillins and cephalosporins in non-fragilis isolates were significantly higher than those in B. fragilis isolates. In B. fragilis isolates, the resistant rates of PIPC, CTX, and CFPM in cfxA-positive isolates were significantly higher than those in cfxA-negative isolates (71% vs. 16%, 77% vs. 19%, and 77% vs. 30%, respectively). Thirteen B. fragilis isolates harbored the cfiA gene, two of which were resistant to MEPM. Six of the 13 cfiA-positive B. fragilis isolates were heterogeneously resistant to MEPM. CONCLUSION: It is important to evaluate the use of MEPM as empirical therapy for Bacteroides spp. infections, considering the emergence of carbapenem resistance during treatment, existence of MEPM-resistant strains, and heterogeneous resistance. | 2023 | 36473684 |
| 1297 | 1 | 0.9859 | Antimicrobial resistance, prevalence of resistance genes, and molecular characterization in intestinal Bacteroides fragilis group isolates. Since the level of antimicrobial resistance in Bacteroides fragilis has increased, monitoring the antimicrobial susceptibility could be necessary. The objectives of this study were to (i) investigate the prevalence of species, the occurrence of reduced antimicrobial susceptibility (E-test method), and antibiotic resistance genes in the B. fragilis group and (ii) evaluate the prevalence of enterotoxigenic B. fragilis and the distribution of bft gene subtypes in hospitalized patients. As many as 475 isolates out of 250 stool samples were detected to be B. fragilis group by using conventional biochemical tests (API-32A system) and multiplex-PCR. In addition, 48.2%, 13.9%, 76.6%, and 1.2% of B. fragilis group isolates were resistant (according to EUCAST breakpoint) to piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, clindamycin, and metronidazole, respectively. Six metronidazole-resistant strains were isolated; B. fragilis (n: 3), B. thetaiotaomicron, B. vulgates, and B. ovatus. The presence of the cfiA, cepA, ermF, and nim genes was observed in 3.8%, 15.9%, 34.1%, and 0.7% of the B. fragilis isolates, respectively. One hundred thirty-two B. fragilis isolates (27.8%)and 21 B fragilis isolates (15.9%) turned out to be bft gene positive by multiplex-PCR; eleven isolates (52.4%) harbored bft-1, eight isolates (38%) harbored bft-2 isotypes, and two isolates (9.5%) harbored bft-3 isotype (16.66%). These bacteria harbor antimicrobial resistance genes that could be transferred to other susceptible intestinal strains. Further investigations on lineage analysis are needed for a better understanding of these bacteria in Iran. | 2019 | 30803024 |
| 1258 | 2 | 0.9858 | Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial resistance genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from healthy rabbits. BACKGROUND AND AIM: Methicillin-resistant globally, Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of disease in both humans and animals. Several studies have documented the presence of MRSA in healthy and infected animals. However, there is less information on MRSA occurrence in exotic pets, especially healthy rabbits. This study aimed to look into the antimicrobial resistance profile, hidden antimicrobial-resistant genes in isolated bacteria, and to estimate prevalence of MRSA in healthy rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two-hundreds and eighteen samples, including 42 eyes, 44 ears, 44 oral, 44 ventral thoracic, and 44 perineal swabs, were taken from 44 healthy rabbits that visited the Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, in Nakornpathom, Thailand, from January 2015 to March 2016. The traditional methods of Gram stain, mannitol fermentation, hemolysis on blood agar, catalase test, and coagulase production were used to confirm the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in all specimens. All bacterial isolates were determined by antimicrobial susceptibility test by the disk diffusion method. The polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the antimicrobial-resistant genes (blaZ, mecA, aacA-aphD, msrA, tetK, gyrA, grlA, and dfrG) in isolates of MRSA with a cefoxitin-resistant phenotype. RESULTS: From 218 specimens, 185 S. aureus were isolated, with the majority of these being found in the oral cavity (29.73%) and ventral thoracic area (22.7%), respectively. Forty-seven (25.41%) MRSAs were found in S. aureus isolates, with the majority of these being found in the perineum (16, 34.04%) and ventral thoracic area (13, 27.66%) specimens. Among MRSAs, 29 (61.7%) isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Most of MRSA isolates were resistant to penicillin (100%), followed by ceftriaxone (44.68%) and azithromycin (44.68%). In addition, these bacteria contained the most drug-resistance genes, blaZ (47.83%), followed by gyrA (36.17%) and tetK (23.4%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that MRSA could be found even in healthy rabbits. Some MRSAs strains were MDR-MRSA, which means that when an infection occurs, the available antibiotics were not effective in treating it. To prevent the spread of MDR-MRSA from pets to owners, it may be helpful to educate owners about effective prevention and hygiene measures. | 2022 | 36590129 |
| 1411 | 3 | 0.9858 | Detection and characterization of carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli isolates recovered from hospitalized patients at Soba University Hospital, Sudan. BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a complex threat to global health security and universal health coverage. Recently, nosocomial infections with carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) is increasing worldwide. We report the molecular characterization and detection of genes associated with carbapenemase producing Gram negative bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients at Soba University Hospital (SUH) in Khartoum State, Sudan. RESULTS: Between October 2016 and February 2017, a total of 206 GNB clinical specimens were collected from hospitalized patients in SUH. Of 206 carbapenem resistance isolates, 171 (83 %) were confirmed as phenotypically resistant and 121 (58.7 %) isolates harboured one or more carbapenemase genes. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) types were the most predominant genes, blaNDM 107(52 %), followed by blaIMP 7 (3.4 %), blaOXA-48 5(2.4 %) and blaVIM 2 (0.9 %). Co-resistance genes with NDM producing GNB were detected in 87 (81.3 %) of all blaNDM producing isolates. NDM-1 was the most frequent subtype observed in 75 (70 %) blaNDM producing isolates. The highest percentage of resistance was recorded in ampicillin (98 %), cephalexin (93.5 %) amoxicillin clavulanic acid (90 %), cefotaxime (89.7 %), ceftriaxone (88.4 %), ceftazidime (84.2 %), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (78.4 %) and nitrofurantoin (75.2 %), aztreonam (66 %) and temocillin (64 %). A close correlation between phenotypic and carbapenemase genes detection in all GNB was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of carbapenemase producing bacilli was found to be high in SUH. NDM was found to be the most prevalent carbapenemase gene among clinical isolates. Close surveillance across all hospitals in Sudan is required. The relative distribution of carbapenemase genes among GNB in nosocomial infections in Africa needs to be defined. | 2021 | 33947325 |
| 2141 | 4 | 0.9858 | Identification of oral anaerobic bacteria and the beta-lactamase resistance genes from Iranian patients with periodontitis. OBJECTIVES: The dysbiosis of bacteria and horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) could be highly problematic particularly in the oral environment. Here, we aimed to identify the anaerobic species from patients with periodontitis and to screen the isolates for the β-lactamase resistance genes, bla(TEM), cfxA, its variants, and mobA. METHODS: The 129 samples from periodontal pockets were subjected to anaerobic culture, followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, PCR assays for the cfxA, bla(TEM), and mobA. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of amoxicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam, and cefixime was determined against CfxA producing isolates using MIC Test Strips. RESULTS: The species with frequency higher than 10% were Lactobacillus spp. (26.3%), Streptococcus spp. (18.8%), Leptotrichia wadei (14%) and Veillonella spp. (11.4%). The bla(TEM) was not found in any of the isolates whereas cfxA was found in 12.5% of isolates including V. parvula, V. rogosae, Prevotella nigrescens and Campylobacter concisus. Of CfxA variants, CfxA2 (90%) was the most frequent one. Among the CfxA producing isolates, the resistance to ampicillin and amoxicillin was observed only in two isolates of P. nigrescens and V. rogosae. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that various anaerobes species may be involved in the development of periodontitis. Of them, Prevotella and Veillonella species were found to commonly carry cfxA even though they are susceptible to beta-lactams and its combination. | 2022 | 35026418 |
| 1253 | 5 | 0.9856 | Phenotypic and Genotypic Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Genotyping of vacA, cagA, iceA, oipA, cagE, and babA2 Alleles of Helicobacter pylori Bacteria Isolated from Raw Meat. BACKGROUND: Foodstuffs with animal origins, particularly meat, are likely reservoirs of Helicobacter pylori. PURPOSE: An existing survey was accompanied to assess phenotypic and genotypic profiles of antibiotic resistance and genotyping of vacA, cagA, cagE, iceA, oipA, and babA2 alleles amongst the H. pylori bacteria recovered from raw meat. METHODS: Six-hundred raw meat samples were collected and cultured. H. pylori isolates were tested using disk diffusion and PCR identification of antibiotic resistance genes and genotyping. RESULTS: Fifty-two out of 600 (8.66%) raw meat samples were contaminated with H. pylori. Raw ovine meat (13.07%) had the uppermost contamination. H. pylori bacteria displayed the uppermost incidence of resistance toward tetracycline (82.69%), erythromycin (80.76%), trimethoprim (65.38%), levofloxacin (63.46%), and amoxicillin (63.46%). All H. pylori bacteria had at least resistance toward one antibiotic, even though incidence of resistance toward more than eight antibiotics was 28.84%. Total distribution of rdxA, pbp1A, gyrA, and cla antibiotic resistance genes were 59.61%, 51.92%, 69.23%, and 65.38%, respectively. VacA s1a (84.61%), s2 (76.92%), m1a (50%), m2 (39.13%), iceA1 (38.46%), and cagA (55.76%) were the most generally perceived alleles. S1am1a (63.46%), s2m1a (53.84%), s1am2 (51.92%), and s2m2 (42.30%) were the most generally perceived genotyping patterns. Frequency of cagA-, oipA-, and babA2- genotypes were 44.23%, 73.07%, and 80.76%, respectively. A total of 196 combined genotyping patterns were also perceived. CONCLUSION: The role of raw meat, particularly ovine meat, in transmission of virulent and resistant H. pylori bacteria was determined. VacA and cagA genotypes had the higher incidence. CagE-, babA2-, and oipA- H. pylori bacteria had the higher distribution. Supplementary surveys are compulsory to originate momentous relations between distribution of genotypes, antibiotic resistance, and antibiotic resistance genes. | 2020 | 32099418 |
| 1257 | 6 | 0.9856 | Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in the Bacteria Isolated from Surgical Site Infection: Emphasis on Staphylococcus Aureus; Yasuj City, Southwest Iran. BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections (SSIs) in surgical wards remains the most common cause of postoperative complications and realistically is the third most common origin of healthcare-related conditions. Staphylococcus aureus is undoubtedly the most common bacteria causing SSIs. The current study aimed at investigating the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in bacteria isolated from SSIs, evaluation of tetracycline resistance genes, and SCCmec typing in S. aureus isolates isolated from patients with SSIs from 2018 to 2019 in Yasuj, Kohgiluyeh, and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. METHODS: This study diligently investigated 240 potential patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed properly by the disk diffusion method. For the final confirmation of isolated bacteria, PCR was used. The presence of tet genes and SCCmec typing was carried out by multiplex PCR. RESULTS: The results showed that the most common isolated pathogens included S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, and K. pneumonia in 58.8%, 19.8%, 9.2%, 6.8% and 5.4% of cases, respectively. The majority of the Gram positive isolates were resistant against penicillin (86%) and Gram negative were resistant against ciprofloxacin (75.6%). In isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, the mecA gene was detected in 63.6% of isolates. The predominant SCCmec types were type III (59.1%) and type I (18.4%). The tetK and tetM genes were detected in 80.7% and 71.9% of the S. aureus isolates, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between tet genes (tetK and tetM) from the viewpoint of resistance to tetracycline (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of the current study, it is recommended to administer vancomycin, amikacin, and imipenem in Yasuj to treat SSIs. | 2021 | 33616327 |
| 1276 | 7 | 0.9856 | Should we leave the paper currency? A microbiological examination. OBJECTIVE: Pathogens can be transmitted to banknotes due to the personal unhygienic habits. The aim of study was to find the possible pathogens on the banknotes circulating in the market and also to present their antibacterial resistance and their various virulence factors using genotypic and phenotypic methods. METHODS: A total of 150 samples of bank-notes were randomly collected between August 2017 and March 2018. VITEK systems were used for identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing respectively. Antimicrobial resistance genes (mecA, van, extended-spectrum β-lactamase [ESBL] and carbapenemases) and staphyloccoccal virulence genes (staphyloccoccal enterotoxins [SEs], pvl, and tsst-1) were determined using with real-time PCR. RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Enterococcus spp., Gram-negative enteric bacteria, non-fermentative Gram-negative bacteria and Candida spp. were detected 48%, 54.7%, 56%, 21.3%, 18.7%, and 4%, respectively. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci and ESBL producing Gram-negative were found 46.8%, 1.3%, and 28.7%, respectively. Pvl, tsst-1, and SEs genes were found in a 2.8/4.9%, 1.4/1.2%, and 100/ 87.8% of the S. aureus/CoNS strains, respectively. The sea gene was found the most common enterotoxigenic gene. blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-1, blaKPC, and blaOXA-48 were found 55.8%, 46.5%, 41.2%, 18.6%, 18.6%, and 18.6%, respectively in Gram-negative strains. CONCLUSIONS: These results is very important to highlight hygienic status of paper currencies. This can be considered as an indication that banknotes may contribute to the spread of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, we may need to start using alternative products instead of banknotes. | 2020 | 32066229 |
| 2190 | 8 | 0.9855 | Microbial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in Diabetic Patients with Mild, Moderate, and Severe Foot Infections in Tehran. It is estimated that 10-25% of diabetic patients will encounter diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) during their lifetime. This study evaluated the microbiology of DFUs and determined the antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial isolates based on the severity of wounds and infections in different grades of ulcer. The specimens were collected from115 diabetic foot infections (DFI) deep tissue by needle aspiration and biopsy. The aerobic and anaerobic cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were carried out. The presence of resistance genes including metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), ermA, ermC, and mecA was also determined. A total of 222 microorganisms were isolated. The prevalence of poly-microbial infections was 69.6%. Bacterial isolates comprised 64.2% Gram-positive bacteria (GPB), 33.5% Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), and five isolates of anaerobic bacteria were also detected. The most prevalent GPB and GNB were Staphylococcus spp. (52.2%) and Escherichia coli (33.3%), respectively. The prevalence of poly-microbial infections and GNB was positively associated with increased grades of Wagner and IDSA classifications. Among Staphylococcus aureus isolates, resistance to clindamycin (73.5%), ciprofloxacin (70.6%), and erythromycin (70.6%) were noticeable. GNB was also highly resistant to cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin. ESBL genes were detected in approximately 40% of isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. The prevalence of ermA, ermC, and mecA genes in S. aureus isolates were 8.8%, 32.3%, and 14.7%, respectively. In conclusion, our data suggest that GPBs are the most common isolates from DFIs. Furthermore, with the development of wounds and infection, the prevalence of GNB in DFIs are increased. | 2022 | 37123144 |
| 1226 | 9 | 0.9855 | Multi-drug resistant gram-negative enteric bacteria isolated from flies at Chengdu Airport, China. We collected flies from Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport to examine for the presence of bacteria and to determine the sensitivity patterns of those bacteria. A total of 1,228 flies were collected from 6 sites around Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport from April to September 2011. The predominant species was Chrysomya megacephala (n=276, 22.5%). Antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative enteric bacteria (n=48) were isolated from flies using MacConkey agar supplemented with cephalothin (20 microg/ml). These were identified as Escherichia coli (n=37), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=6), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=3) and Aeromonas hydrophila (n=2). All isolated bacteria were tested for resistance to 21 commonly used antimicrobials: amoxicillin (100%), ticarcillin (100%), cephalothin (100%), cefuroxime (100%), ceftazidime 1 (93.8%), piperacillin (93.8%), cefotaxime (89.6%), ticarcillin-clavulanate (81.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (62.5%), ciprofloxacin (54.2%), gentamicin (45.8%), cefepime (39.6%), tobramycin (39.6%), ceftazidime (22.9%), cefoxitin (16.7%), amikacin (16.7%), netilmicin (14.6%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (6.3%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (2.1%). No resistance to meropenem or imipenem was observed. Antibiotic resistance genes among the isolated bacteria were analyzed for by polymerase chain reaction. Thirty of the 48 bacteria with resistance (62.5%) possessed the blaTEM gene. | 2013 | 24450236 |
| 1252 | 10 | 0.9854 | Fluoroquinolone resistance in bacterial isolates from ocular infections: Trend in antibiotic susceptibility patterns between 2005-2020. PURPOSE: To assess the fluoroquinolone resistance pattern and trends among bacterial isolates from ocular infections over a 16-year period and explore alternative antibiotics in fluoroquinolone-resistant strains. METHODS: In this retrospective, longitudinal study, the microbiology laboratory records of patients with different ocular infections diagnosed at an eye institute in central India from 2005-2020 were reviewed to determine the pattern of fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin) resistance. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS: In 725 Gram-positive bacteria, the resistance of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin was 55.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52.2 - 59.6), 42.7% (95% CI: 39.0 - 46.4), 47.6% (95% CI: 43.9 - 51.3), and 45.6% (95% CI: 41.7-49.5), respectively. In 266 Gram-negative bacteria, the resistance of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin was 57.9% (95% CI: 51.9 - 63.9), 56.0% (95% CI: 49.7 - 62.1), 59.9% (95% CI: 53.8 - 66.0), and 74.3% (95% CI: 68.3 - 80.2), respectively. A declining trend in resistance to ciprofloxacin (P < 0.001), ofloxacin (P < 0.001), and moxifloxacin (P < 0.001) was seen in Gram-positive bacteria, whereas a reduction in resistance to only moxifloxacin (P = 0.04) was seen in Gram-negative bacteria. In fluoroquinolone-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, cefuroxime exhibited the highest susceptibility, whereas in fluoroquinolone-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, colistin exhibited the highest susceptibility. CONCLUSION: Fluoroquinolone resistance was high among bacteria from ocular infections in central India, but a declining trend in resistance to some of the fluoroquinolones was observed in recent times. Cefuroxime and colistin emerged as alternatives in fluoroquinolone-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections, respectively. | 2022 | 36453351 |
| 1267 | 11 | 0.9853 | Detection and characterization of methicillin-resistant and susceptible coagulase-negative staphylococci in milk from cows with clinical mastitis in Tunisia. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated prevalence of methicillin-resistant (MR) and methicillin-susceptible (MS) coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) and the implicated mechanisms of resistance and virulence in milk of mastitis cows. In addition, the presence of SCCmec type was analyzed in MR Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE). RESULTS: Three hundred milk samples from cows with clinical mastitis were obtained from 30 dairy farms in different regions of Tunisia. Sixty-eight of the 300 tested samples contained CNS strains. Various CNS species were identified, with Staphylococcus xylosus being the most frequently found (40%) followed by Staphylococcus warneri (12%). The mecA gene was present in 14 of 20 MR-CNS isolates. All of them were lacking the mecC gene. The SCCmecIVa was identified in four MRSE isolates. Most of CNS isolates showed penicillin resistance (70.6%) and 58.3% of them carried the blaZ gene. MR-CNS isolates (n = 20) showed resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfametoxazole harboring different resistance genes such us erm(B), erm(T), erm(C), mph(C) or msr(A), tet(K) and dfr(A). However, a lower percentage of resistance was observed among 48 MS-CNS isolates: erythromycin (8.3%), tetracycline (6.2%), streptomycin (6.2%), clindamycin (6.2%), and trimethoprim-sulfametoxazole (2%). The Inu(B) gene was detected in one Staphylococcus xylosus strain that showed clindamycin resistance. The virulence gene tsst-1 was observed in one MR-CNS strain. DISCUSSION: Coagulase-negative staphylococci containing a diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes are frequently detected in milk of mastitis cows. This fact emphasizes the importance of identifying CNS when an intramammary infection is present because of the potential risk of lateral transfer of resistant genes among staphylococcal species and other pathogenic bacteria. | 2018 | 30077662 |
| 1301 | 12 | 0.9853 | Phenotypic and Genotypic Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria Isolated from Retail Meat. BACKGROUND: Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria are determined to be one of the main causes of foodborne diseases. PURPOSE: This survey was done to assess the genotypic and phenotypic profiles of antibiotic resistance of S. aureus bacteria isolated from retail meat. METHODS: Four-hundred and eighty-five retail meat samples were collected and examined. S. aureus bacteria were identified using culture and biochemical tests. The phenotypic profile of antibiotic resistance was examined using the disk diffusion method. The genotypic pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined using the polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Forty-eight out of 485 (9.89%) raw retail meat samples were contaminated with S. aureus. Raw retail buffalo meat (16%) had the highest incidence of S. aureus, while raw camel meat (4%) had the lowest. S. aureus bacteria exhibited the uppermost incidence of resistance toward tetracycline (79.16%), penicillin (72.91%), gentamicin (60.41%), and doxycycline (41.666%). The incidence of resistance toward chloramphenicol (8.33%), levofloxacin (22.91%), rifampin (22.91%), and azithromycin (25%) was lower than other examined antibiotics. The most routinely detected antibiotic resistance genes were blaZ (58.33%), tetK (52.08%), aacA-D (33.33%), and ermA (27.08%). Cat1 (4.16%), rpoB (10.41%), msrA (12.50%), grlA (12.50%), linA (14.58%), and dfrA1 (16.66%) had the lower incidence rate. CONCLUSION: Raw meat of animals may be sources of resistant S. aureus which pose a hygienic threat about the consumption of raw meat. Nevertheless, further investigations are essential to understand supplementary epidemiological features of S. aureus in retail meat. | 2020 | 32440171 |
| 1476 | 13 | 0.9853 | Evaluation of the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel for rapid detection of respiratory bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in sputum and endotracheal aspirate specimens. OBJECTIVES: The performance of the investigational-use-only version of the BioFire FilmArray Pneumonia Panel (FA-Pneumo), a high-order nested multiplex PCR, was evaluated for the detection of typical respiratory bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes in sputa and endotracheal aspirate (ETA) specimens. METHODS: Thirty-one sputa and 69 ETA specimens were analyzed. The diagnostic performance of FA-Pneumo was assessed using routine microbiological methods as the reference standard. RESULTS: Overall sensitivity and specificity for organism detection using FA-Pneumo were 98.5% and 76.5%, respectively. The sensitivity for each pathogen was 100%, except for Klebsiella aerogenes, and the range of specificity was 83.3-99.0%. FA-Pneumo detected antimicrobial resistance genes in 17 out of 18 specimens (94.4%) that were resistant by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. FA-Pneumo additionally detected 25 resistance genes in 22 specimens, and sequencing for the presence of resistance genes confirmed the majority of these results (20/25, 80%). Semi-quantitative analysis of bacterial nucleic acid amounts by FA-Pneumo revealed that 88.2% of the identified bacteria (67/76) with ≥10(6) copies/ml also gave culture-positive results with significant amounts of bacteria. CONCLUSIONS: FA-Pneumo is a rapid test with high sensitivity for the detection of bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes in sputum and ETA specimens and could aid in determining antibiotic therapy. | 2020 | 32179139 |
| 5433 | 14 | 0.9853 | Diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes in Bacteroides and Parabacteroides strains isolated in Germany. OBJECTIVES: Bacteroides spp. are normal constituents of the human intestinal microflora, but they are also able to cause severe diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the diversity of antibiotic resistance genes found in phenotypically resistant Bacteroides and Parabacteroides strains. METHODS: A total of 71 phenotypically resistant Bacteroides spp. from human clinical specimens were screened for the antibiotic resistance genes cfiA, tetQ, tetM, tet36, cepA, cfxA, nim, ermG, ermF, bexA, bla(VIM), bla(NDM), bla(KPC), bla(OXA-48) and bla(GES). The presence of these genes was compared with phenotypic resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam, cefoxitin, ceftolozane/tazobactam, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, meropenem, meropenem/vaborbactam, clindamycin, moxifloxacin, tigecycline, eravacycline and metronidazole. RESULTS: tetQ was the most frequently detected gene, followed by cfiA, ermF, cfxA, ermG, cepA, nim and bexA. None of the strains were positive for tetM, tet36, bla(VIM), bla(NDM), bla(KPC), bla(OXA-48) or bla(GES). Resistance to the tested β-lactams was mainly linked to the presence of the cfiA gene. Clindamycin resistance correlated with the presence of the genes ermG and ermF. The bexA gene was found in six strains, but only two of them were resistant to moxifloxacin. Tigecycline and eravacycline showed good activities despite the frequent occurrence of tetQ. The nim gene was detected in six isolates, five of which were resistant to metronidazole. CONCLUSION: The findings of our study support the general belief that antimicrobial resistance within Bacteroides should be taken into consideration. This underlines the necessity of reliable routine antimicrobial susceptibility test methods for anaerobic bacteria and the implementation of antimicrobial surveillance programmes worldwide. | 2021 | 33508481 |
| 1250 | 15 | 0.9853 | Distribution of 16S rRNA methylases among different species of Gram-negative bacilli with high-level resistance to aminoglycosides. 16S rRNA methylases confer high-level resistance to most aminoglycosides in Gram-negative bacteria. Seven 16S rRNA methylase genes, armA, rmtA, rmtB, rmtC, rmtD, rmtE and npmA, have been identified since 2003. We studied the distribution of methylase genes in more than 200 aminoglycoside-resistant Gram-negative clinical isolates collected in 2007 at our hospital in Shanghai, China. 16S rRNA methylase genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among 217 consecutive clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli resistant to gentamicin and amikacin by a disk diffusion method. 16S rRNA methylase genes were present in 97.5% (193/198) of clinical isolates highly resistant to amikacin (≥512 μg/ml), with armA and rmtB detected in 67.2 and 30.3% of strains, respectively, while no 16S rRNA methylase genes were detected in 19 strains with amikacin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤256 μg/ml. armA or rmtB genes were detected in 100% of 104 strains of Enterobacteriaceae, and these two genes were equally represented (49 vs. 55 strains). Genes for armA or rmtB were detected in 94.7% (89/94) of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, and armA was predominant (84 vs. 5 strains with rmtB). No rmtA, rmtC, rmtD or npmA genes were found. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence (ERIC-PCR) indicated that armA and rmtB genes were spread by both horizontal transfer and clonal dissemination. | 2010 | 20614151 |
| 5432 | 16 | 0.9853 | First large-scale study of antimicrobial susceptibility data, and genetic resistance determinants, in Fusobacterium necrophorum highlighting the importance of continuing focused susceptibility trend surveillance. OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to explore antimicrobial resistance gene determinant, and phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility, data for Fusobacterium necrophorum from a collection of UK strains. Antimicrobial resistance genes detected in publicly available assembled whole genome sequences were investigated for comparison. METHODS: Three hundred and eighty five F. necrophorum strains (1982-2019) were revived from cryovials (Prolab). Subsequent to sequencing (Illumina) and quality checking, 374 whole genomes were available for analysis. Genomes were interrogated, using BioNumerics (bioMérieux; v 8.1), for the presence of known antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Agar dilution susceptibility results for 313 F. necrophorum isolates (2016-2021) were also examined. RESULTS: The phenotypic data for the 313 contemporary strains demonstrated potential resistance to penicillin in three isolates, using EUCAST v 11.0 breakpoints, and 73 (23%) strains using v 13.0 analysis. All strains were susceptible to multiple agents using v 11.0 guidance other than clindamycin (n = 2). Employing v 13.0 breakpoints, metronidazole (n = 3) and meropenem (n = 13) resistance were also detected. The tet(O), tet(M), tet(40), aph(3')-III, ant(6)-la and bla(OXA-85) ARGs were present in publicly available genomes. tet(M), tet(32), erm(A) and erm(B) were found within the UK strains, with correspondingly raised clindamycin and tetracycline minimum inhibitory concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Susceptibility to antibiotics recommended for the treatment of F. necrophorum infections should not be assumed. With evidence of potential ARG transmission from oral bacteria, and the detection of a transposon-mediated beta-lactamase resistance determinant in F. necrophorum, surveillance of both phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial susceptibility trends must continue, and increase. | 2023 | 36871786 |
| 1487 | 17 | 0.9852 | Potential impact of a microarray-based nucleic acid assay for rapid detection of Gram-negative bacteria and resistance markers in positive blood cultures. We evaluated the Verigene Gram-negative blood culture (BC-GN) test, a microarray that detects Gram-negative bacteria and several resistance genes. A total of 102 positive blood cultures were tested, and the BC-GN test correctly identified 97.9% of the isolates within its panel. Resistance genes (CTX-M, KPC, VIM, and OXA genes) were detected in 29.8% of the isolates, with positive predictive values of 95.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 87.7% to 98.9%) in Enterobacteriaceae and 100% (95% CI, 75.9% to 100%) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and negative predictive values of 100% (95% CI, 93.9% to 100%) and 78.6% (95% CI, 51.0% to 93.6%), respectively. | 2014 | 24478405 |
| 1454 | 18 | 0.9852 | OCCURRENCE OF AMINOGLYCOSIDES RESISTANCE GENES ACC(6)-IB AND ACC(3)-II AMONG GRAM-NEGATIVE ISOLATES CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS, NAJAF, IRAQ. OBJECTIVE: The aim: The aim of the study was to detect the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and frequency of aminoglycosides resistance genes of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from pediatric patient with UTI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study has been performed with a total of 500 urine specimens collected from pediatric patients under the age of 18 year suspected with UTI, admitted to hospitals in Al-Najaf province/Iraq during the period from November 2018 to March 2019. RESULTS: Results: A total of 500 urine specimens had been tested, 120 (24%) had signifficant bacteriuria, while there 380 (76%) had non-signi!cant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli represent about 70 (68.2%) followed by followed by 23 (22.5%) K. pneumoniae, 5 (4.9%) P. aeruginosa, 2 (1.9%) Proteus spp., 1 (0.9%) Enterobacter spp. and 1 (0.9%) Oligella uratolytic. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of 102 Gram-negative isolates, revealed that 59 (58%) were multidrug resistant (MDR) and 38(37%) were extensive drug resistant (XDR). The PCR results of aminoglycosides resistance showing that 23 (74.1%) Gram-negative isolates had acc(6')-Ib gene and 12 (38.7%) Gram-negative isolates acc(3')-II gene. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: A high frequency of multi-drug resistance and extensive-drug resistance of isolates were recognized, and an alarming percentage of amino-glycosides resistance to acc(6')-Ib and acc(3')-II. | 2023 | 37010165 |
| 1302 | 19 | 0.9852 | A survey of prevalence and phenotypic and genotypic assessment of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria isolated from ready-to-eat food samples collected from Tehran Province, Iran. BACKGROUND: Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteria are considered among the major causes of foodborne diseases. This survey aims to assess genotypic and phenotypic profiles of antibiotic resistance in S. aureus bacteria isolated from ready-to-eat food samples. METHODS: According to the previously reported prevalence of S. aureus in ready-to-eat food samples, a total of 415 ready-to-eat food samples were collected from Tehran province, Iran. S. aureus bacteria were identified using culture and biochemical tests. Besides, the phenotypic antibiotic resistance profile was determined by disk diffusion. In addition, the genotypic pattern of antibiotic resistance was determined using the PCR. RESULTS: A total of 64 out of 415 (15.42%) ready-to-eat food samples were contaminated with S. aureus. Grilled mushrooms and salad olivieh harbored the highest contamination rate of (30%), while salami samples harbored the lowest contamination rate of 3.33%. In addition, S. aureus bacteria harbored the highest prevalence of resistance to penicillin (85.93%), tetracycline (85.93%), gentamicin (73.43%), erythromycin (53.12%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (51.56%), and ciprofloxacin (50%). However, all isolates were resistant to at least four antibiotic agents. Accordingly, the prevalence of tetK (70.31%), blaZ (64.06%), aacA-D (57.81%), gyrA (50%), and ermA (39.06%) was higher than that of other detected antibiotic resistance genes. Besides, AacA-D + blaZ (48.43%), tetK + blaZ (46.87%), aacA-D + tetK (39.06%), aacA-D + gyrA (20.31%), and ermA + blaZ (20.31%) were the most frequently identified combined genotypic patterns of antibiotic resistance. CONCLUSION: Ready-to-eat food samples may be sources of resistant S. aureus, which pose a hygienic threat in case of their consumption. However, further investigations are required to identify additional epidemiological features of S. aureus in ready-to-eat foods. | 2021 | 34635183 |