CEPA - Word Related Documents




#
Rank
Similarity
Title + Abs.
Year
PMID
012345
125600.9819Prevalence of antimicrobial resistant genes in Bacteroides spp. isolated in Oita Prefecture, Japan. INTRODUCTION: Bacteroides spp. are the most common anaerobic bacteria isolated from the human gastrointestinal tract. Several resistant genes are present in Bacteroides spp. However, most studies have focused on the prevalence of the cfiA gene in Bacteroides fragilis alone. We assessed the susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and the prevalence of cepA, cfiA, cfxA, ermF, nim, and tetQ genes in Bacteroides strains isolated from clinical specimens in our hospital. METHODS: We isolated 86 B. fragilis and 58 non-fragilis Bacteroides strains from human clinical specimens collected from January 2011 to November 2021. Resistance against piperacillin (PIPC), cefotaxime (CTX), cefepime (CFPM), meropenem (MEPM), clindamycin, and minocycline was determined. RESULTS: The resistant rates of penicillins and cephalosporins in non-fragilis isolates were significantly higher than those in B. fragilis isolates. In B. fragilis isolates, the resistant rates of PIPC, CTX, and CFPM in cfxA-positive isolates were significantly higher than those in cfxA-negative isolates (71% vs. 16%, 77% vs. 19%, and 77% vs. 30%, respectively). Thirteen B. fragilis isolates harbored the cfiA gene, two of which were resistant to MEPM. Six of the 13 cfiA-positive B. fragilis isolates were heterogeneously resistant to MEPM. CONCLUSION: It is important to evaluate the use of MEPM as empirical therapy for Bacteroides spp. infections, considering the emergence of carbapenem resistance during treatment, existence of MEPM-resistant strains, and heterogeneous resistance.202336473684
122610.9816Multi-drug resistant gram-negative enteric bacteria isolated from flies at Chengdu Airport, China. We collected flies from Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport to examine for the presence of bacteria and to determine the sensitivity patterns of those bacteria. A total of 1,228 flies were collected from 6 sites around Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport from April to September 2011. The predominant species was Chrysomya megacephala (n=276, 22.5%). Antimicrobial-resistant gram-negative enteric bacteria (n=48) were isolated from flies using MacConkey agar supplemented with cephalothin (20 microg/ml). These were identified as Escherichia coli (n=37), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=6), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=3) and Aeromonas hydrophila (n=2). All isolated bacteria were tested for resistance to 21 commonly used antimicrobials: amoxicillin (100%), ticarcillin (100%), cephalothin (100%), cefuroxime (100%), ceftazidime 1 (93.8%), piperacillin (93.8%), cefotaxime (89.6%), ticarcillin-clavulanate (81.3%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (62.5%), ciprofloxacin (54.2%), gentamicin (45.8%), cefepime (39.6%), tobramycin (39.6%), ceftazidime (22.9%), cefoxitin (16.7%), amikacin (16.7%), netilmicin (14.6%), amoxicillin-clavulanate (6.3%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (2.1%). No resistance to meropenem or imipenem was observed. Antibiotic resistance genes among the isolated bacteria were analyzed for by polymerase chain reaction. Thirty of the 48 bacteria with resistance (62.5%) possessed the blaTEM gene.201324450236
129720.9812Antimicrobial resistance, prevalence of resistance genes, and molecular characterization in intestinal Bacteroides fragilis group isolates. Since the level of antimicrobial resistance in Bacteroides fragilis has increased, monitoring the antimicrobial susceptibility could be necessary. The objectives of this study were to (i) investigate the prevalence of species, the occurrence of reduced antimicrobial susceptibility (E-test method), and antibiotic resistance genes in the B. fragilis group and (ii) evaluate the prevalence of enterotoxigenic B. fragilis and the distribution of bft gene subtypes in hospitalized patients. As many as 475 isolates out of 250 stool samples were detected to be B. fragilis group by using conventional biochemical tests (API-32A system) and multiplex-PCR. In addition, 48.2%, 13.9%, 76.6%, and 1.2% of B. fragilis group isolates were resistant (according to EUCAST breakpoint) to piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, clindamycin, and metronidazole, respectively. Six metronidazole-resistant strains were isolated; B. fragilis (n: 3), B. thetaiotaomicron, B. vulgates, and B. ovatus. The presence of the cfiA, cepA, ermF, and nim genes was observed in 3.8%, 15.9%, 34.1%, and 0.7% of the B. fragilis isolates, respectively. One hundred thirty-two B. fragilis isolates (27.8%)and 21 B  fragilis isolates (15.9%) turned out to be bft gene positive by multiplex-PCR; eleven isolates (52.4%) harbored bft-1, eight isolates (38%) harbored bft-2 isotypes, and two isolates (9.5%) harbored bft-3 isotype (16.66%). These bacteria harbor antimicrobial resistance genes that could be transferred to other susceptible intestinal strains. Further investigations on lineage analysis are needed for a better understanding of these bacteria in Iran.201930803024
209630.9806Investigation of isepamicin in vitro efficiency in Gram negative bacteria efficacy of isepamicin. CONTEXT: Isepamicin is a new semisynthetic aminoglycoside derived from gentamicin B and it is effective against Gram negative bacteria. Antibiotic resistance is an emerging problem and new options need for the treatment of infections caused by Gram negative bacteria. AIMS: In this study we aimed to investigate the in vitro efficiency in carbapenem susceptible and nonsusceptible Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS AND MATERIAL: A total of 214 isolates of Gram-negative bacteria (Enterobacterales n = 129 and P. aeruginosa n = 85). Identification of the bacteria was tested in Vitek MS (Biomeriux, France). Susceptibility of isepamicin, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin and netilmicin was determined by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. The breakpoints for susceptibility to isepamicin, amikacin, gentamicin, streptomycin, tobramycin and netilmicin were evaluated according to the Comité de l'Antibiogramme dela Société Française de Microbiologie (CA-SFM) and EUCAST, respectively. Aminoglycoside modifying enzyme (AME) genes were investigated by multiplex PCR method. RESULTS: Isepamicin susceptibility was determined as 92.3% for Enterobacterales and 67% for P. aeruginosa and 94.4% for carbapenem resistant Enterobacterales. The most common AME gene was aac (6')-Ib in both Enterobacterales (76%) and P. aeruginosa (14.1%). Seven of the isepamicin intermediate or resistant isolates were positive aac (6')-Ib in Enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, isepamicin showed good efficiency against both susceptible and carbapenem nonsusceptible Enterobacterales. But amikacin was prior to isepamicin P. aeruginosa isolates. Isepamicin could be a therapeutic option for the infections caused by Enterobacterales.202133610258
141140.9806Detection and characterization of carbapenem resistant Gram-negative bacilli isolates recovered from hospitalized patients at Soba University Hospital, Sudan. BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a complex threat to global health security and universal health coverage. Recently, nosocomial infections with carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) is increasing worldwide. We report the molecular characterization and detection of genes associated with carbapenemase producing Gram negative bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients at Soba University Hospital (SUH) in Khartoum State, Sudan. RESULTS: Between October 2016 and February 2017, a total of 206 GNB clinical specimens were collected from hospitalized patients in SUH. Of 206 carbapenem resistance isolates, 171 (83 %) were confirmed as phenotypically resistant and 121 (58.7 %) isolates harboured one or more carbapenemase genes. New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) types were the most predominant genes, blaNDM 107(52 %), followed by blaIMP 7 (3.4 %), blaOXA-48 5(2.4 %) and blaVIM 2 (0.9 %). Co-resistance genes with NDM producing GNB were detected in 87 (81.3 %) of all blaNDM producing isolates. NDM-1 was the most frequent subtype observed in 75 (70 %) blaNDM producing isolates. The highest percentage of resistance was recorded in ampicillin (98 %), cephalexin (93.5 %) amoxicillin clavulanic acid (90 %), cefotaxime (89.7 %), ceftriaxone (88.4 %), ceftazidime (84.2 %), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (78.4 %) and nitrofurantoin (75.2 %), aztreonam (66 %) and temocillin (64 %). A close correlation between phenotypic and carbapenemase genes detection in all GNB was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of carbapenemase producing bacilli was found to be high in SUH. NDM was found to be the most prevalent carbapenemase gene among clinical isolates. Close surveillance across all hospitals in Sudan is required. The relative distribution of carbapenemase genes among GNB in nosocomial infections in Africa needs to be defined.202133947325
126050.9805Isolation, Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibilities of Bacteria from the Conjunctival Sacs of Dogs with Bacterial Conjunctivitis in Different Regions of Wuhan, China. In order to investigate the bacterial species present in the conjunctival sacs of dogs with bacterial conjunctivitis in Wuhan (Hongshan District, Wuchang District, Jiangxia District, and Huangpi District) and their resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, samples of conjunctival sac secretions were collected from 56 dogs with bacterial conjunctivitis in various regions of Wuhan. Drug susceptibility testing for aminoglycoside antibiotics was performed on the most commonly isolated gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The expression of two aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes, aacA-aphD and aac (6')-Ib, and three 16S rRNA methyltransferase genes, rmtB, rmtE and npmA, were analyzed by PCR. The results showed that a total of 123 bacterial strains were cultured from 56 conjunctival sac secretion samples, with Staphylococcus being the most commonly isolated species, followed by Escherichia. Among them, 14 strains of Staphylococcus pseudointermedius were not resistant to tobramycin, amikacin, gentamicin or neomycin, but the resistance rates to streptomycin and kanamycin were 35.71% and 42.86%, respectively. Among them, 14 Escherichia coli strains were not resistant to tobramycin and gentamicin, but they showed high resistance rates to neomycin and kanamycin (both at 50%). The detection rate of the aacA-aphD gene in Staphylococcus pseudointermedius strains was 100%. The detection rates of the rmtB gene and rmtE gene in Escherichia coli were 85.71% and 28.57%, respectively, while the aac(6')-Ib gene and npmA gene were not detected.202539852896
125860.9804Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial resistance genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from healthy rabbits. BACKGROUND AND AIM: Methicillin-resistant globally, Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major cause of disease in both humans and animals. Several studies have documented the presence of MRSA in healthy and infected animals. However, there is less information on MRSA occurrence in exotic pets, especially healthy rabbits. This study aimed to look into the antimicrobial resistance profile, hidden antimicrobial-resistant genes in isolated bacteria, and to estimate prevalence of MRSA in healthy rabbits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two-hundreds and eighteen samples, including 42 eyes, 44 ears, 44 oral, 44 ventral thoracic, and 44 perineal swabs, were taken from 44 healthy rabbits that visited the Prasu-Arthorn Animal Hospital, in Nakornpathom, Thailand, from January 2015 to March 2016. The traditional methods of Gram stain, mannitol fermentation, hemolysis on blood agar, catalase test, and coagulase production were used to confirm the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in all specimens. All bacterial isolates were determined by antimicrobial susceptibility test by the disk diffusion method. The polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the antimicrobial-resistant genes (blaZ, mecA, aacA-aphD, msrA, tetK, gyrA, grlA, and dfrG) in isolates of MRSA with a cefoxitin-resistant phenotype. RESULTS: From 218 specimens, 185 S. aureus were isolated, with the majority of these being found in the oral cavity (29.73%) and ventral thoracic area (22.7%), respectively. Forty-seven (25.41%) MRSAs were found in S. aureus isolates, with the majority of these being found in the perineum (16, 34.04%) and ventral thoracic area (13, 27.66%) specimens. Among MRSAs, 29 (61.7%) isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Most of MRSA isolates were resistant to penicillin (100%), followed by ceftriaxone (44.68%) and azithromycin (44.68%). In addition, these bacteria contained the most drug-resistance genes, blaZ (47.83%), followed by gyrA (36.17%) and tetK (23.4%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed that MRSA could be found even in healthy rabbits. Some MRSAs strains were MDR-MRSA, which means that when an infection occurs, the available antibiotics were not effective in treating it. To prevent the spread of MDR-MRSA from pets to owners, it may be helpful to educate owners about effective prevention and hygiene measures.202236590129
125070.9803Distribution of 16S rRNA methylases among different species of Gram-negative bacilli with high-level resistance to aminoglycosides. 16S rRNA methylases confer high-level resistance to most aminoglycosides in Gram-negative bacteria. Seven 16S rRNA methylase genes, armA, rmtA, rmtB, rmtC, rmtD, rmtE and npmA, have been identified since 2003. We studied the distribution of methylase genes in more than 200 aminoglycoside-resistant Gram-negative clinical isolates collected in 2007 at our hospital in Shanghai, China. 16S rRNA methylase genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among 217 consecutive clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacilli resistant to gentamicin and amikacin by a disk diffusion method. 16S rRNA methylase genes were present in 97.5% (193/198) of clinical isolates highly resistant to amikacin (≥512 μg/ml), with armA and rmtB detected in 67.2 and 30.3% of strains, respectively, while no 16S rRNA methylase genes were detected in 19 strains with amikacin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ≤256 μg/ml. armA or rmtB genes were detected in 100% of 104 strains of Enterobacteriaceae, and these two genes were equally represented (49 vs. 55 strains). Genes for armA or rmtB were detected in 94.7% (89/94) of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, and armA was predominant (84 vs. 5 strains with rmtB). No rmtA, rmtC, rmtD or npmA genes were found. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence (ERIC-PCR) indicated that armA and rmtB genes were spread by both horizontal transfer and clonal dissemination.201020614151
145280.9803Characterization of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from Tamil Nadu. Carbapenem resistance is disseminating worldwide among Gram-negative bacteria. The aim of this study was to identify carbapenem-resistance level and to determine the mechanism of carbapenem resistance among clinical isolates from two centres in Tamil Nadu. In the present study, a total of 93 Gram-negative isolates, which is found to be resistant to carbapenem by disk diffusion test in two centres, were included. All isolates are identified at species level by 16S rRNA sequencing. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of isolates for Meropenem were tested by agar dilution method. Presence of blaOXA, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP and blaKPC genes was tested by PCR in all isolates. Amplicons were sequenced for confirmation of the genes. Among 93 isolates, 48 (%52) were Escherichia coli, 10 (%11) Klebsiella pneumoniae, nine (%10) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Minimal inhibitory concentration results showed that of 93 suspected carbapenem-resistant isolates, 27 had meropenem MICs ≥ 2 μg/ml. The MIC range, MIC50 and MIC90 were < 0.06 to >128 μg/ml, 0.12 and 16 μg/ml, respectively. Fig. 1 . Among meropenem-resistant isolates, E. coli were the most common (9/48, 22%), followed by K. pneumoniae (7/9, 77%), P. aeruginosa (6/10, 60%), Acinetobacter baumannii (2/2, 100%), Enterobacter hormaechei (2/3, 67%) and one Providencia rettgeri (1/1, 100%). PCR results showed that 16 of 93 carried blaNDM, three oxa181, and one imp4. Among blaNDM carriers, nine were E. coli, four Klebsiella pneumoniae, two E. hormaechei and one P. rettgeri. Three K. pneumoniae were OXA-181 carriers. The only imp4 carrier was P. aeruginosa. A total of seven carbapenem-resistant isolates were negatives by PCR for the genes studied. All carbapenem-resistance gene-positive isolates had meropenem MICs >2 μg/ml. Our results confirm the dissemination of NDM and emergence of OXA-181 beta-lactamase among Gram-negative bacteria in South India. This study showed the emergence of NDM producer in clinical isolates of E. hormaechei and P. rettgeri in India.201626198414
145490.9803OCCURRENCE OF AMINOGLYCOSIDES RESISTANCE GENES ACC(6)-IB AND ACC(3)-II AMONG GRAM-NEGATIVE ISOLATES CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTION IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS, NAJAF, IRAQ. OBJECTIVE: The aim: The aim of the study was to detect the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and frequency of aminoglycosides resistance genes of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from pediatric patient with UTI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The study has been performed with a total of 500 urine specimens collected from pediatric patients under the age of 18 year suspected with UTI, admitted to hospitals in Al-Najaf province/Iraq during the period from November 2018 to March 2019. RESULTS: Results: A total of 500 urine specimens had been tested, 120 (24%) had signifficant bacteriuria, while there 380 (76%) had non-signi!cant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli represent about 70 (68.2%) followed by followed by 23 (22.5%) K. pneumoniae, 5 (4.9%) P. aeruginosa, 2 (1.9%) Proteus spp., 1 (0.9%) Enterobacter spp. and 1 (0.9%) Oligella uratolytic. The antimicrobial susceptibility profile of 102 Gram-negative isolates, revealed that 59 (58%) were multidrug resistant (MDR) and 38(37%) were extensive drug resistant (XDR). The PCR results of aminoglycosides resistance showing that 23 (74.1%) Gram-negative isolates had acc(6')-Ib gene and 12 (38.7%) Gram-negative isolates acc(3')-II gene. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: A high frequency of multi-drug resistance and extensive-drug resistance of isolates were recognized, and an alarming percentage of amino-glycosides resistance to acc(6')-Ib and acc(3')-II.202337010165
1252100.9803Fluoroquinolone resistance in bacterial isolates from ocular infections: Trend in antibiotic susceptibility patterns between 2005-2020. PURPOSE: To assess the fluoroquinolone resistance pattern and trends among bacterial isolates from ocular infections over a 16-year period and explore alternative antibiotics in fluoroquinolone-resistant strains. METHODS: In this retrospective, longitudinal study, the microbiology laboratory records of patients with different ocular infections diagnosed at an eye institute in central India from 2005-2020 were reviewed to determine the pattern of fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin) resistance. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. RESULTS: In 725 Gram-positive bacteria, the resistance of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin was 55.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 52.2 - 59.6), 42.7% (95% CI: 39.0 - 46.4), 47.6% (95% CI: 43.9 - 51.3), and 45.6% (95% CI: 41.7-49.5), respectively. In 266 Gram-negative bacteria, the resistance of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin, and moxifloxacin was 57.9% (95% CI: 51.9 - 63.9), 56.0% (95% CI: 49.7 - 62.1), 59.9% (95% CI: 53.8 - 66.0), and 74.3% (95% CI: 68.3 - 80.2), respectively. A declining trend in resistance to ciprofloxacin (P < 0.001), ofloxacin (P < 0.001), and moxifloxacin (P < 0.001) was seen in Gram-positive bacteria, whereas a reduction in resistance to only moxifloxacin (P = 0.04) was seen in Gram-negative bacteria. In fluoroquinolone-resistant Gram-positive bacteria, cefuroxime exhibited the highest susceptibility, whereas in fluoroquinolone-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, colistin exhibited the highest susceptibility. CONCLUSION: Fluoroquinolone resistance was high among bacteria from ocular infections in central India, but a declining trend in resistance to some of the fluoroquinolones was observed in recent times. Cefuroxime and colistin emerged as alternatives in fluoroquinolone-resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections, respectively.202236453351
1409110.9802Detection of diverse carbapenem and multidrug resistance genes and high-risk strain types among carbapenem non-susceptible clinical isolates of target gram-negative bacteria in Kenya. Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria are an increasingly significant clinical threat globally. This risk may be underestimated in Kenya as only four carbapenemase genes in three bacterial species have been described. The study aimed to understand the antibiotic resistance profiles, genes, sequence types, and distribution of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria from patients in six hospitals across five Kenyan counties by bacterial culture, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequence analysis. Forty-eight, non-duplicate, carbapenem non-susceptible, clinical isolates were identified across the five counties (predominantly in Nairobi and Kisii): twenty-seven Acinetobacter baumannii, fourteen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, three Escherichia coli, two Enterobacter cloacae, and two Klebsiella pneumoniae. All isolates were non-susceptible to β-lactam drugs with variable susceptibility to tigecycline (66%), minocycline (52.9%), tetracycline (29.4%), and levofloxacin (22.9%). Thirteen P. aeruginosa isolates were resistant to all antibiotics tested. Eleven carbapenemase genes were identified: blaNDM-1, blaOXA-23, -58, -66, -69, and -91 in A. baumannii (STs 1, 2, 164 and a novel ST1475), blaNDM-1 in E. cloacae (STs 25,182), blaNDM-1, blaVIM-1and -6, blaOXA-50 in P. aeruginosa (STs 316, 357, 654, and1203), blaOXA-181, blaNDM-1 in K. pneumoniae (STs 147 and 219), and blaNDM-5 in E. coli (ST164). Five A. baumannii isolates had two carbapenemases, blaNDM-1, and either blaOXA-23 (4) or blaOXA-58 (1). AmpC genes were detected in A. baumannii (blaADC-25), E. cloacae (blaDHA-1 and blaACT-6, 16), and K. pneumoniae (blaCMY). Significant multiple-drug resistant genes were the pan-aminoglycoside resistance16srRNA methyltransferase armA, rmtB, rmtC, and rmtF genes. This study is the first to report blaOXA-420, -58, -181, VIM-6, and blaNDM-5 in Kenyan isolates. High-risk STs of A. baumannii (ST1475, ST2), E. cloacae ST182, K. pneumoniae ST147, P. aeruginosa (ST357, 654), and E. coli ST167, ST648 were identified which present considerable therapeutic danger. The study recommends urgent carbapenem use regulation and containment of high-risk carbapenem-resistant bacteria.202133617559
2190120.9802Microbial Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in Diabetic Patients with Mild, Moderate, and Severe Foot Infections in Tehran. It is estimated that 10-25% of diabetic patients will encounter diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) during their lifetime. This study evaluated the microbiology of DFUs and determined the antibiotic resistance pattern of bacterial isolates based on the severity of wounds and infections in different grades of ulcer. The specimens were collected from115 diabetic foot infections (DFI) deep tissue by needle aspiration and biopsy. The aerobic and anaerobic cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were carried out. The presence of resistance genes including metallo-beta-lactamases (MBL), extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), ermA, ermC, and mecA was also determined. A total of 222 microorganisms were isolated. The prevalence of poly-microbial infections was 69.6%. Bacterial isolates comprised 64.2% Gram-positive bacteria (GPB), 33.5% Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), and five isolates of anaerobic bacteria were also detected. The most prevalent GPB and GNB were Staphylococcus spp. (52.2%) and Escherichia coli (33.3%), respectively. The prevalence of poly-microbial infections and GNB was positively associated with increased grades of Wagner and IDSA classifications. Among Staphylococcus aureus isolates, resistance to clindamycin (73.5%), ciprofloxacin (70.6%), and erythromycin (70.6%) were noticeable. GNB was also highly resistant to cephalosporins and ciprofloxacin. ESBL genes were detected in approximately 40% of isolates of Enterobacteriaceae. The prevalence of ermA, ermC, and mecA genes in S. aureus isolates were 8.8%, 32.3%, and 14.7%, respectively. In conclusion, our data suggest that GPBs are the most common isolates from DFIs. Furthermore, with the development of wounds and infection, the prevalence of GNB in DFIs are increased.202237123144
1257130.9802Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern in the Bacteria Isolated from Surgical Site Infection: Emphasis on Staphylococcus Aureus; Yasuj City, Southwest Iran. BACKGROUND: Surgical site infections (SSIs) in surgical wards remains the most common cause of postoperative complications and realistically is the third most common origin of healthcare-related conditions. Staphylococcus aureus is undoubtedly the most common bacteria causing SSIs. The current study aimed at investigating the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in bacteria isolated from SSIs, evaluation of tetracycline resistance genes, and SCCmec typing in S. aureus isolates isolated from patients with SSIs from 2018 to 2019 in Yasuj, Kohgiluyeh, and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. METHODS: This study diligently investigated 240 potential patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed properly by the disk diffusion method. For the final confirmation of isolated bacteria, PCR was used. The presence of tet genes and SCCmec typing was carried out by multiplex PCR. RESULTS: The results showed that the most common isolated pathogens included S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, Coagulase-negative Staphylococci, and K. pneumonia in 58.8%, 19.8%, 9.2%, 6.8% and 5.4% of cases, respectively. The majority of the Gram positive isolates were resistant against penicillin (86%) and Gram negative were resistant against ciprofloxacin (75.6%). In isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, the mecA gene was detected in 63.6% of isolates. The predominant SCCmec types were type III (59.1%) and type I (18.4%). The tetK and tetM genes were detected in 80.7% and 71.9% of the S. aureus isolates, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between tet genes (tetK and tetM) from the viewpoint of resistance to tetracycline (p = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS: According to the results of the current study, it is recommended to administer vancomycin, amikacin, and imipenem in Yasuj to treat SSIs.202133616327
2169140.9799E-test antibiotics susceptibility of strict anaerobic bacteria. The E-test is convenient for testing susceptibility of anaerobes. From September 1998 to September 1999, 194 strains (105 Gram-positive bacteria, 89 Gram-negative bacteria) of clinically relevant samples were tested against five antibiotics benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, clindamycin, metronidazole and imipenem on blood agar plates. Resistance to benzyl penicillin is widespread and Gram-negative bacteria and resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is exceptional. Metronidazole is very effective against anaerobes except non-spore-forming aerotolerant Gram-positive rods and Peptostreptococcus micros.200316887712
2091150.9799Antibiotic resistance and virulence profile of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from wild Sumatran Orangutans (Pongo abelii). OBJECTIVE: Orangutans (Pongo abelii), as endemic primates of Indonesia, are characterized by a predominantly arboreal lifestyle. Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumonia) and other Gram-negative bacteria are present in the Indigenous flora of many mammals, including orangutans. This study aimed to investigate the antibiotic resistance and virulence profile of K. pneumonia isolated from wild Sumatran orangutans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study investigated 10 fecal samples from wild Sumatran orangutans from the Gunung Leuser National Park, Aceh, Indonesia. Biochemical and molecular identification of K. pneumoniae using the RNA polymerase subunit b gene and detection of virulence-associated genes. In addition, molecular detection of antibiotic resistance genes was performed to characterize the resistance mechanisms in the isolates. RESULTS: K. pneumonia was detected in 6 out of 10 fecal samples from wild Sumatran orangutans. The virulence genes mrkD and entB were detected in all (100%) of the isolates, whereas wabG was identified in 83.33% of the strains. Antibiotic susceptibility testing against K. pneumoniae revealed that three isolates were susceptible to streptomycin (S) and nalidixic acid (NA), while all six isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. One isolate demonstrated intermediate resistance to NA, while the remaining two exhibited intermediate resistance to S. Six isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin, indicating multidrug resistance. Furthermore, antibiotic resistance genes were detected in the isolates with the following prevalence: bla (TEM) gene (six isolates; 100%), bla (SHV) (six isolates; 100%), bla (CTX-M) gene (four isolates; 66.67%), and tetA gene (four isolates; 66.67%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed the virulence and resistance profile of K. pneumoniae bacterium isolated from wild Sumatran orangutans, which is essential for formulating effective conservation and healthcare strategies.202440013287
5387160.9799Assessment of antibiotic susceptibility within lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from wine. Susceptibility to 12 antibiotics was tested in 75 unrelated lactic acid bacteria strains of wine origin of the following species: 38 Lactobacillus plantarum, 3 Lactobacillus hilgardii, 2 Lactobacillus paracasei, 1 Lactobacillus sp, 21 Oenococcus oeni, 4 Pediococcus pentosaceus, 2 Pediococcus parvulus, 1 Pediococcus acidilactici, and 3 Leuconostoc mesenteroides. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations of the different antibiotics that inhibited 50% of the strains of the Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc and Pediococcus genera were, respectively, the following ones: penicillin (2, < or =0.5, and < or =0.5 microg/ml), erythromycin (< or =0.5 microg/ml), chloramphenicol (4 microg/ml), ciprofloxacin (64, 8, and 128 microg/ml), vancomycin (> or =128 microg/ml), tetracycline (8, 2, and 8 microg/ml), streptomycin (256, 32, and 512 microg/ml), gentamicin (64, 4, and 128 microg/ml), kanamycin (256, 64, and 512 microg/ml), sulfamethoxazole (> or =1024 microg/ml), and trimethoprim (16 microg/ml). All 21 O. oeni showed susceptibility to erythromycin, tetracycline, rifampicin and chloramphenicol, and exhibited resistance to aminoglycosides, vancomycin, sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, that could represent intrinsic resistance. Differences were observed among the O. oeni strains with respect to penicillin or ciprofloxacin susceptibility. Antibiotic resistance genes were studied by PCR and sequencing, and the following genes were detected: erm(B) (one P. acidilactici), tet(M) (one L. plantarum), tet(L) (one P. parvulus), aac(6')-aph(2") (four L. plantarum, one P. parvulus, one P. pentosaceus and two O. oeni), ant(6) (one L. plantarum, and two P. parvulus), and aph(3')-IIIa (one L. plantarum and one O. oeni). This is the first time, to our knowledge, that ant(6), aph(3')-IIIa and tet(L) genes are found in Lactobacillus and Pediococcus strains and antimicrobial resistance genes are reported in O. oeni strains.200616876896
1223170.9799Characterization of Escherichia coli virulence genes, pathotypes and antibiotic resistance properties in diarrheic calves in Iran. BACKGROUND: Calf diarrhea is a major economic concern in bovine industry all around the world. This study was carried out in order to investigate distribution of virulence genes, pathotypes, serogroups and antibiotic resistance properties of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic calves. RESULTS: Totally, 76.45% of 824 diarrheic fecal samples collected from Isfahan, Chaharmahal, Fars and Khuzestan provinces, Iran were positive for E. coli and all of them were also positive for cnf2, hlyA, cdtIII, f17c, lt, st, stx1, eae, ehly, stx2 and cnf1 virulence genes. Chaharmahal had the highest prevalence of STEC (84.61%), while Isfahan had the lowest (71.95%). E. coli serogroups had the highest frequency in 1-7 days old calves and winter season. Distribution of ETEC, EHEC, AEEC and NTEC pathotypes among E. coli isolates were 28.41%, 5.07%, 29.52% and 3.49%, respectively. Statistical analyses were significant for presence of bacteria between various seasons and ages. All isolates had the high resistance to penicillin (100%), streptomycin (98.25%) and tetracycline (98.09%) antibiotics. The most commonly detected resistance genes were aadA1, sul1, aac[3]-IV, CITM, and dfrA1. The most prevalent serogroup among STEC was O26. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings should raise awareness about antibiotic resistance in diarrheic calves in Iran. Clinicians should exercise caution when prescribing antibiotics.201425052999
1463180.9798Identification of colistin resistance and its bactericidal activity against uropathogenic gram negative bacteria from Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. OBJECTIVES: Identification of colistin resistance and its bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI) patients. METHODS: This 6-month cross sectional study was conducted in Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar from January 2019-June2019.. A total of 2000 urine samples were collected and transported to the Health Research Institute, NIH, Research Centre, Khyber Medical College Peshawar. Samples were streaked on different media and incubated at 37C° for 24hrs. Gram negative bacteria were identified through gram staining and Analytical Profile Index (API) 10s. Gram negative bacteria were subjected under antibiotic sensitivity profile through Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Colistin resistance was found through broth microdilution method. Minimum bactericidal activity was performed to find out the lowest concentration of colistin required to kill gram-negative bacteria. RESULTS: A total of 241(12.05%) uropathogenic gram negative bacteria were isolated and identified from 2000 urine samples while excluding intrinsically resistant bacteria. After broth microdilution, colistin resistance was found in 48(19.9%) Escherichia coli, 4(1.6%) Klebsiella pneumoniae and 3(1.3%) Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. Colistin resistant Escherichia coli were resistant to 77% Cephalosporins, 81% to Fluoroquinolones and 70% to Penicillin combinations. Colistin resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae were 100% resistant to Cephalosporins, Penicillin combinations and Fluoroquinolones while 75% were resistant to Carbapenems and Monobactams. Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were sensitive to all used antibiotics. CONCLUSION: E.coli was the mainly responsible uropathogen causing UTIs. Colistin resistance was found in 22.8% gram negative uropathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates exhibited highest resistance to antibiotics.202235634614
1451190.9798Molecular Epidemiology of Extensively Drug-Resistant mcr Encoded Colistin-Resistant Bacterial Strains Co-Expressing Multifarious β-Lactamases. Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (Col-R) conferred by mcr genes endangers the last therapeutic option for multifarious β-lactamase-producing bacteria. The current study aimed to explore the mcr gene molecular epidemiology in extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria. Col-R gram-negative bacterial strains were screened using a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoint ≥4 µg/mL. Resistant isolates were examined for mcr variants, extended-spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC, and carbapenemase genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The MIC breakpoints for mcr-positive strains were determined using broth microdilution and E-test strips. Overall, 19/718 (2.6%) gram-negative rods (GNRs) harboring mcr were identified, particularly in pus (p = 0.01) and tracheal secretions (p = 0.03). Molecular epidemiology data confirmed 18/19 (95%) mcr-1 and 1/19 (5%) mcr-2 genes. Integron detection revealed 15/17 (88%) Int-1 and 2/17 (12%) Int-2. Common co-expressing drug-resistant β-lactamase genes included 8/16 (50%) bla(CTM-1), 3/16 (19%) bla(CTM-15), 3/3 (100%) bla(CMY-2), 2/8 (25%) bla(NDM-1), and 2/8 (25%) bla(NDM-5). The MIC(50) and MIC(90) values (µg/mL) were as follows: Escherichia coli, 12 and 24; Klebsiella pneumoniae, 12 and 32; Acinetobacter baumannii, 8 and 12; and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 32 and 64, respectively. Treatment of XDR strains has become challenging owing to the co-expression of mcr-1, mcr-2, multifarious β-lactamase genes, and integrons.202133923991