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612400.9021Comparative analysis of spleen transcriptome detects differences in evolutionary adaptation of immune defense functions in bighead carp and silver carp. The evolutionary divergence of the immune defense functions in bighead carp (A. nobilis) and silver carp (H. molitrix) is still not understood at the molecular level. Here, we obtained 48,821,754 and 55,054,480 clean reads from spleen tissue libraries prepared for bighead carp and silver carp using Illumina paired-end sequencing technology, respectively, and identified 4976 orthologous genes from the transcriptome data sets by comparative analysis. Adaptive evolutionary analysis showed that 212 orthologous genes and 255 Gene Ontology (GO) terms were subjected to positive selection(Ka/Ks values > 1) only in bighead carp, and 195 orthologous genes and 309 GO terms only in silver carp. Among immune defense functions with significant evolutionary divergence, the positively selected biological processes in bighead carp mainly included B cell-mediated immunity, chemokine-mediated signaling pathway, and immunoglobulin mediated immune response, whereas those in silver carp mainly included the antigen processing and presentation, defense response to fungus, and detection of bacteria. Moreover, we found 2974 genes expressed only in spleen of bighead carp and 3494 genes expressed only in spleen of silver carp, where these genes were mostly enriched in the same biological processes or pathways. These results provide a better understanding of the differences in resistance to some diseases by bighead carp and silver carp, and also facilitate the identification of candidate genes related to disease resistance.201930287346
600210.8956Comparative analysis of intestinal microbiota composition and transcriptome in diploid and triploid Carassius auratus. Polyploidy and the microbiome are crucial factors in how a host organism responds to disease. However, little is known about how triploidization and microbiome affect the immune response and disease resistance in the fish host. Therefore, this study aims to identify the relationship between intestinal microbiota composition, transcriptome changes, and disease resistance in triploid Carassius auratus (3nCC). In China's central Dongting lake water system, diploid (2nCC) and triploid Carassius auratus were collected, then 16S rRNA and mRNA sequencing were used to examine the microbes and gene expression in the intestines. 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that triploidization altered intestinal richness, as well as the diversity of commensal bacteria in 3nCC. In addition, the abundance of the genus Vibrio in 3nCC was increased compared to 2nCC (P < 0.05). Furthermore, differential expression analysis of 3nCC revealed profound up-regulation of 293 transcripts, while 324 were down-regulated. Several differentially expressed transcripts were related to the immune response pathway in 3nCC, including NLRP3, LY9, PNMA1, MR1, PELI1, NOTCH2, NFIL3, and NLRC4. Taken together, triploidization can alter bacteria composition and abundance, which can in turn result in changes in expression of genes. This study offers an opportunity for deciphering the molecular mechanism underlying disease resistance after triploidization.202336593453
81020.8949Draft genome sequencing and functional annotation and characterization of biofilm-producing bacterium Bacillus novalis PD1 isolated from rhizospheric soil. Biofilm forming bacterium Bacillus novalis PD1 was isolated from the rhizospheric soil of a paddy field. B. novalis PD1 is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, motile, slightly curved, round-ended, and spore-forming bacteria. The isolate B. novalis PD1 shares 98.45% similarity with B. novalis KB27B. B. vireti LMG21834 and B. drentensis NBRC 102,427 are the closest phylogenetic neighbours for B. novalis PD1. The draft genome RAST annotation showed a linear chromosome with 4,569,088 bp, encoding 6139 coding sequences, 70 transfer RNA (tRNA), and 11 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The genomic annotation of biofilm forming B. novalis PD1(> 3.6@OD(595nm)) showed the presence of exopolysaccharide-forming genes (ALG, PSL, and PEL) as well as other biofilm-related genes (comER, Spo0A, codY, sinR, TasA, sipW, degS, and degU). Antibiotic inactivation gene clusters (ANT (6)-I, APH (3')-I, CatA15/A16 family), efflux pumps conferring antibiotic resistance genes (BceA, BceB, MdtABC-OMF, MdtABC-TolC, and MexCD-OprJ), and secondary metabolites linked to phenazine, terpene, and beta lactone gene clusters are part of the genome.202134537868
844330.8928Large-scale bioinformatic analysis of the regulation of the disease resistance NBS gene family by microRNAs in Poaceae. In the present study, we have screened 71, 713, 525, 119 and 241 mature miRNA variants from Hordeum vulgare, Oryza sativa, Brachypodium distachyon, Triticum aestivum, and Sorghum bicolor, respectively, and classified them with respect to their conservation status and expression levels. These Poaceae non-redundant miRNA species (1,669) were distributed over a total of 625 MIR families, among which only 54 were conserved across two or more plant species, confirming the relatively recent evolutionary differentiation of miRNAs in grasses. On the other hand, we have used 257 H. vulgare, 286T. aestivum, 119 B. distachyon, 269 O. sativa, and 139 S. bicolor NBS domains, which were either mined directly from the annotated proteomes, or predicted from whole genome sequence assemblies. The hybridization potential between miRNAs and their putative NBS genes targets was analyzed, revealing that at least 454 NBS genes from all five Poaceae were potentially regulated by 265 distinct miRNA species, most of them expressed in leaves and predominantly co-expressed in additional tissues. Based on gene ontology, we could assign these probable miRNA target genes to 16 functional groups, among which three conferring resistance to bacteria (Rpm1, Xa1 and Rps2), and 13 groups of resistance to fungi (Rpp8,13, Rp3, Tsn1, Lr10, Rps1-k-1, Pm3, Rpg5, and MLA1,6,10,12,13). The results of the present analysis provide a large-scale platform for a better understanding of biological control strategies of disease resistance genes in Poaceae, and will serve as an important starting point for enhancing crop disease resistance improvement by means of transgenic lines with artificial miRNAs.201627349470
607740.8918Brytella acorum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel acetic acid bacterium from sour beverages. Polyphasic taxonomic and comparative genomic analyses revealed that a series of lambic beer isolates including strain LMG 32668(T) and the kombucha isolate LMG 32879 represent a novel species among the acetic acid bacteria, with Acidomonas methanolica as the nearest phylogenomic neighbor with a valid name. Overall genomic relatedness indices and phylogenomic and physiological analyses revealed that this novel species was best classified in a novel genus for which we propose the name Brytella acorum gen. nov., sp. nov., with LMG 32668(T) (=CECT 30723(T)) as the type strain. The B. acorum genomes encode a complete but modified tricarboxylic acid cycle, and complete pentose phosphate, pyruvate oxidation and gluconeogenesis pathways. The absence of 6-phosphofructokinase which rendered the glycolysis pathway non-functional, and an energy metabolism that included both aerobic respiration and oxidative fermentation are typical metabolic characteristics of acetic acid bacteria. Neither genome encodes nitrogen fixation or nitrate reduction genes, but both genomes encode genes for the biosynthesis of a broad range of amino acids. Antibiotic resistance genes or virulence factors are absent.202337429096
1450.8915Unraveling Pinus massoniana's Defense Mechanisms Against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Under Aseptic Conditions: A Transcriptomic Analysis. Pine wilt disease (PWD) is caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and significantly impacts pine forest ecosystems globally. This study focuses on Pinus massoniana, an important timber and oleoresin resource in China, which is highly susceptible to PWN. However, the defense mechanism of pine trees in response to PWN remains unclear. Addressing the complexities of PWD, influenced by diverse factors such as bacteria, fungi, and environment, we established a reciprocal system between PWN and P. massoniana seedlings under aseptic conditions. Utilizing combined second- and third-generation sequencing technologies, we identified 3,718 differentially expressed genes post PWN infection. Transcript analysis highlighted the activation of defense mechanisms via stilbenes, salicylic acid and jasmonic acid pathways, terpene synthesis, and induction of pathogenesis-related proteins and resistance genes, predominantly at 72 h postinfection. Notably, terpene synthesis pathways, particularly the mevalonate pathway, were crucial in defense, suggesting their significance in P. massoniana's response to PWN. This comprehensive transcriptome profiling offers insights into P. massoniana's intricate defense strategies against PWN under aseptic conditions, laying a foundation for future functional analyses of key resistance genes. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.202439283201
612360.8915Genomic analysis of a hop-resistance Lactobacillus brevis strain responsible for food spoilage and capable of entering into the VBNC state. BACKGROUND: Lactobacillus brevis is a major contaminant of spoiled beer. And it was able to enter VBNC state and cause false negative detection, which poses a major challenge to the brewing industry. METHODS: The genomic DNA of L. brevis BM-LB13908 was extracted and purified to form a sequencing library that meets the quality requirements and was sequenced. The sequencing results were then screened and assembled to obtain the entire genome sequence of L. brevis. Predicted genes were annotated by GO database, KEGG pathway database and COG functional classification system. RESULTS: The final assembly yielded 275 scaffolds of a total length of 2 840 080 bp with a G + C content of 53.35%. There were 2357, 701, 1519 predicted genes with corresponding GO functional, COG functional, and KEGG biological pathway annotations, respectively. The genome of L. brevis BM-LB13908 contains hop resistance gene horA and multiple genes related to the formation of VBNC state. CONCLUSIONS: This report describes the draft genome sequence of L. brevis BM-LB13908, a spoilage strain isolated from finished beer sample. This study may support further study on L. brevis and other beer spoilage bacteria, and prevent and control beer spoilage caused by microorganisms.202032272213
80270.8914YqhC regulates transcription of the adjacent Escherichia coli genes yqhD and dkgA that are involved in furfural tolerance. Previous results have demonstrated that the silencing of adjacent genes encoding NADPH-dependent furfural oxidoreductases (yqhD dkgA) is responsible for increased furfural tolerance in an E. coli strain EMFR9 [Miller et al., Appl Environ Microbiol 75:4315-4323, 2009]. This gene silencing is now reported to result from the spontaneous insertion of an IS10 into the coding region of yqhC, an upstream gene. YqhC shares homology with transcriptional regulators belonging to the AraC/XylS family and was shown to act as a positive regulator of the adjacent operon encoding YqhD and DkgA. Regulation was demonstrated by constructing a chromosomal deletion of yqhC, a firefly luciferase reporter plasmid for yqhC, and by a direct comparison of furfural resistance and NADPH-dependent furfural reductase activity. Closely related bacteria contain yqhC, yqhD, and dkgA orthologs in the same arrangement as in E. coli LY180. Orthologs of yqhC are also present in more distantly related Gram-negative bacteria. Disruption of yqhC offers a useful approach to increase furfural tolerance in bacteria.201120676725
1680.8910A glycoside hydrolase 30 protein BpXynC of Bacillus paralicheniformis NMSW12 recognized as A MAMP triggers plant immunity response. Bacillus spp. has been widely used as a biocontrol agent to control plant diseases. However, little is known about mechanisms of the protein MAMP secreted by Bacillus spp. Herein, our study reported a glycoside hydrolase family 30 (GH30) protein, BpXynC, produced by the biocontrol bacteria Bacillus paralicheniformis NMSW12, that can induce cell death in several plant species. The results revealed that the recombinant protein triggers cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana in a BAK1-dependent manner and elicits an early defense response, including ROS burst, activation of MAPK cascades, and upregulation of plant immunity marker genes. BpXynC was also found to be a glucuronoxylanase that exhibits hydrolysis activity on xlyan. Two mutants of BpXynC which lost the glucuronoxylanase activity still retained the elicitor activity. The qRT-PCR results of defense-related genes showed that BpXynC induces plant immunity responses via an SA-mediated pathway. BpXynC and its mutants could induce resistance in N. benthamiana against infection by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Furthermore, BpXynC-treated tomato fruits exhibited strong resistance to the infection of Phytophthora capsica. Overall, our study revealed that GH30 protein BpXynC can induce plant immunity response as MAMP, which can be further applied as a biopesticide to control plant diseases.202438286384
3690.8910Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SN16-1-Induced Resistance System of the Tomato against Rhizoctonia solani. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), as an important economical vegetable, is often infected with Rhizoctonia solani, which results in a substantial reduction in production. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of biocontrol microorganisms assisting tomato to resist pathogens is worth exploring. Here, we use Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SN16-1 as biocontrol bacteria, and employed RNA-Seq technology to study tomato gene and defense-signaling pathways expression. Gene Ontology (GO) analyses showed that an oxidation-reduction process, peptidase regulator activity, and oxidoreductase activity were predominant. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, aldosterone synthesis and secretion, and phototransduction were significantly enriched. SN16-1 activated defenses in the tomato via systemic-acquired resistance (which depends on the salicylic acid signaling pathway), rather than classic induction of systemic resistance. The genes induced by SN16-1 included transcription factors, plant hormones (ethylene, auxin, abscisic acid, and gibberellin), receptor-like kinases, heat shock proteins, and defense proteins. SN16-1 rarely activated pathogenesis-related proteins, but most pathogenesis-related proteins were induced in the presence of the pathogens. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of the response of tomatoes to SN16-1 and R. solani RS520 were significantly different.202135055983
6118100.8909Integrated genomics and transcriptomics reveal the extreme heavy metal tolerance and adsorption potentiality of Staphylococcus equorum. In this study, we successfully isolated 11 species of cadmium-tolerant bacterium from Pu-erh rhizosphere soil, of which Staphylococcus equorum PU1 showed the highest cadmium tolerance, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 500 mg/L. The cadmium removal efficiency of PU1 in 400 mg/L cadmium medium reached 58.7 %. Based on the Nanopore PromethION and Illumina NovaSeq platforms, we successfully obtained the complete PU1 genome with a size of 2,705,540 bp, which encoded 2729 genes. We further detected 82 and 44 indel mutations in the PU1 genome compared with the KS1039 and KM1031 genomes from the database. Transcriptional analysis showed that the expression of 11 genes in PU1 increased with increasing cadmium concentrations (from 0 to 200, then to 400 mg/L), which encoded cadmium resistance, cadmium transport, and mercury resistance genes. In addition, some genes showed differential expression patterns with changes in cadmium concentration, including quinone oxidoreductase-like protein, ferrous iron transport protein, and flavohemoprotein. Gene Ontology (GO) functions, including oxidation reduction process and oxidoreductase activity functions, and KEGG pathways, including glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and biosynthesis of secondary metals, were also considered closely related to the extreme cadmium tolerance of PU1. This study provides novel insight into the cadmium tolerance mechanism of bacteria.202336592848
9997110.8905RNAi screen of DAF-16/FOXO target genes in C. elegans links pathogenesis and dauer formation. The DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor is the major downstream output of the insulin/IGF1R signaling pathway controlling C. elegans dauer larva development and aging. To identify novel downstream genes affecting dauer formation, we used RNAi to screen candidate genes previously identified to be regulated by DAF-16. We used a sensitized genetic background [eri-1(mg366); sdf-9(m708)], which enhances both RNAi efficiency and constitutive dauer formation (Daf-c). Among 513 RNAi clones screened, 21 displayed a synthetic Daf-c (SynDaf) phenotype with sdf-9. One of these genes, srh-100, was previously identified to be SynDaf, but twenty have not previously been associated with dauer formation. Two of the latter genes, lys-1 and cpr-1, are known to participate in innate immunity and six more are predicted to do so, suggesting that the immune response may contribute to the dauer decision. Indeed, we show that two of these genes, lys-1 and clc-1, are required for normal resistance to Staphylococcus aureus. clc-1 is predicted to function in epithelial cohesion. Dauer formation exhibited by daf-8(m85), sdf-9(m708), and the wild-type N2 (at 27°C) were all enhanced by exposure to pathogenic bacteria, while not enhanced in a daf-22(m130) background. We conclude that knockdown of the genes required for proper pathogen resistance increases pathogenic infection, leading to increased dauer formation in our screen. We propose that dauer larva formation is a behavioral response to pathogens mediated by increased dauer pheromone production.201021209831
42120.8905Suppression of the rice fatty-acid desaturase gene OsSSI2 enhances resistance to blast and leaf blight diseases in rice. Fatty acids and their derivatives play important signaling roles in plant defense responses. It has been shown that suppressing a gene for stearoyl acyl carrier protein fatty-acid desaturase (SACPD) enhances the resistance of Arabidopsis (SSI2) and soybean to multiple pathogens. In this study, we present functional analyses of a rice homolog of SSI2 (OsSSI2) in disease resistance of rice plants. A transposon insertion mutation (Osssi2-Tos17) and RNAi-mediated knockdown of OsSSI2 (OsSSI2-kd) reduced the oleic acid (18:1) level and increased that of stearic acid (18:0), indicating that OsSSI2 is responsible for fatty-acid desaturase activity. These plants displayed spontaneous lesion formation in leaf blades, retarded growth, slight increase in endogenous free salicylic acid (SA) levels, and SA/benzothiadiazole (BTH)-specific inducible genes, including WRKY45, a key regulator of SA/BTH-induced resistance, in rice. Moreover, the OsSSI2-kd plants showed markedly enhanced resistance to the blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea and leaf-blight bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. These results suggest that OsSSI2 is involved in the negative regulation of defense responses in rice, as are its Arabidopsis and soybean counterparts. Microarray analyses identified 406 genes that were differentially expressed (>or=2-fold) in OsSSI2-kd rice plants compared with wild-type rice and, of these, approximately 39% were BTH responsive. Taken together, our results suggest that induction of SA-responsive genes, including WRKY45, is likely responsible for enhanced disease resistance in OsSSI2-kd rice plants.200919522564
6012130.8901Metal resistance-related genes are differently expressed in response to copper and zinc ion in six Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains. Metal resistance of acidophilic bacteria is very significant during bioleaching of copper ores since high concentration of metal is harmful to the growth of microorganisms. The resistance levels of six Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strains to 0.15 M copper and 0.2 M zinc were investigated, and eight metal resistance-related genes (afe-0022, afe-0326, afe-0329, afe-1143, afe-0602, afe-0603, afe-0604, and afe-1788) were sequenced and analyzed. The transcriptional expression levels of eight possible metal tolerance genes in six A. ferrooxidans strains exposed to 0.15 M Cu(2+) and 0.2 M Zn(2+) were determined by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), respectively. The copper resistance levels of six A. ferrooxidans strains declined followed by DY26, DX5, DY15, GD-B, GD-0, and YTW. The zinc tolerance levels of six A. ferrooxidans strains exposed to 0.2 M Zn(2+) from high to low were YTW > GD-B > DY26 > GD-0 > DX5 > DY15. Seven metal tolerance-related genes all presented in the genome of six strains, except afe-0604. The metal resistance-related genes showed different transcriptional expression patterns in six A. ferrooxidans strains. The expression of gene afe-0326 and afe-0022 in six A. ferrooxidans strains in response to 0.15 M Cu(2+) showed the same trend with the resistance levels. The expression levels of genes afe-0602, afe-0603, afe-0604, and afe-1788 in six strains response to 0.2 M Zn(2+) did not show a clear correlation between the zinc tolerance levels of six strains. According to the results of RT-qPCR and bioinformatics analysis, the proteins encoded by afe-0022, afe-0326, afe-0329, and afe-1143 were related to Cu(2+) transport of A. ferrooxidans strains.201425023638
50140.8899OsNPR1 Enhances Rice Resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae by Upregulating Rice Defense Genes and Repressing Bacteria Virulence Genes. The bacteria pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) infects rice and causes the severe disease of rice bacteria blight. As the central regulator of the salic acid (SA) signaling pathway, NPR1 is responsible for sensing SA and inducing the expression of pathogen-related (PR) genes in plants. Overexpression of OsNPR1 significantly increases rice resistance to Xoo. Although some downstream rice genes were found to be regulated by OsNPR1, how OsNPR1 affects the interaction of rice-Xoo and alters Xoo gene expression remains unknown. In this study, we challenged the wild-type and OsNPR1-OE rice materials with Xoo and performed dual RNA-seq analyses for the rice and Xoo genomes simultaneously. In Xoo-infected OsNPR1-OE plants, rice genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and SA signaling pathways, as well as PR genes and nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes, were significantly upregulated compared to rice variety TP309. On the other hand, Xoo genes involved in energy metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolism, and transportation were repressed. Many virulence genes of Xoo, including genes encoding components of type III and other secretion systems, were downregulated by OsNPR1 overexpression. Our results suggest that OsNPR1 enhances rice resistance to Xoo by bidirectionally regulating gene expression in rice and Xoo.202337240026
52150.8897NHL25 and NHL3, two NDR1/HIN1-1ike genes in Arabidopsis thaliana with potential role(s) in plant defense. The Arabidopsis genome contains 28 genes with sequence homology to the Arabidopsis NDR1 gene and the tobacco HIN1 gene. Expression analysis of eight of these genes identified two (NHL25 and NHL3 for NDR1/HIN1-like) that show pathogen-dependent mRNA accumulation. Transcripts did not accumulate during infection with virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 but did accumulate specifically when the bacteria carried any of the four avirulence genes avrRpm1, avrRpt2, avrB, or avrRps4. Furthermore, expression of avrRpt2 in plants containing the corresponding resistance gene, RPS2, was sufficient to induce transcript accumulation. However, during infection with an avirulent oomycete, Peronospora parasitica isolate Cala-2, only NHL25 expression was reproducibly induced. Salicylic acid (SA) treatment can induce expression of NHL25 and NHL3. Studies performed on nahG plants showed that, during interaction with avirulent bacteria, only the expression of NHL25 but not that of NHL3 was affected. This suggests involvement of separate SA-dependent and SA-independent pathways, respectively, in the transcriptional activation of these genes. Bacteria-induced gene expression was not abolished in ethylene- (etrl-3 and ein2-1) and jasmonate- (coil-1) insensitive mutants or in mutants impaired in disease resistance (ndr1-1 and pad4-1). Interestingly, NHL3 transcripts accumulated after infiltration with the avirulent hrcC mutant of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and nonhost bacteria but not with the virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, suggesting that virulent bacteria may suppress NHL3 expression during pathogenesis. Hence, the expression patterns and sequence homology to NDR1 and HIN1 suggest one or more potential roles for these genes in plant resistance.200212059109
515160.8897The Streptomyces peucetius dpsY and dnrX genes govern early and late steps of daunorubicin and doxorubicin biosynthesis. The Streptomyces peucetius dpsY and dnrX genes govern early and late steps in the biosynthesis of the clinically valuable antitumor drugs daunorubicin (DNR) and doxorubicin (DXR). Although their deduced products resemble those of genes thought to be involved in antibiotic production in several other bacteria, this information could not be used to identify the functions of dpsY and dnrX. Replacement of dpsY with a mutant form disrupted by insertion of the aphII neomycin-kanamycin resistance gene resulted in the accumulation of UWM5, the C-19 ethyl homolog of SEK43, a known shunt product of iterative polyketide synthases involved in the biosynthesis of aromatic polyketides. Hence, DpsY must act along with the other components of the DNR-DXR polyketide synthase to form 12-deoxyaklanonic acid, the earliest known intermediate of the DXR pathway. Mutation of dnrX in the same way resulted in a threefold increase in DXR production and the disappearance of two acid-sensitive, unknown compounds from culture extracts. These results suggest that dnrX, analogous to the role of the S. peucetius dnrH gene (C. Scotti and C. R. Hutchinson, J. Bacteriol. 178:73167321, 1996), may be involved in the metabolism of DNR and/or DXR to acid-sensitive compounds, possibly related to the baumycins found in many DNR-producing bacteria.19989573189
5210170.8896Whole genome sequence data of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMI 507027. Here we report the draft genome sequence of the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum IMI 507027 strain. The genome consists of 37 contigs with a total size of 3,235,614 bp and a GC% of 44.51. After sequence trimming, 31 contigs were annotated, revealing 3,126 genes, of which 3,030 were coding sequences. The Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) gave a value of 99.9926% between IMI 507027 and L. plantarum JDM1, identifying the strain as L. plantarum. No genes of concern for safety-related traits such as antimicrobial resistance or virulence factors were found. The annotated genome and raw sequence reads were deposited at NCBI under Bioproject with the accession number PRJNA791753.202235310818
6003180.8895Contact Lens Wear Alters Transcriptional Responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Both the Corneal Epithelium and the Bacteria. PURPOSE: Healthy corneas resist colonization by virtually all microbes yet contact lens wear can predispose the cornea to sight-threatening infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Here, we explored how lens wear changes corneal epithelium transcriptional responses to P. aeruginosa and its impact on bacterial gene expression. METHODS: Male and female C57BL/6J mice were fitted with a contact lens on one eye for 24 h. After lens removal, corneas were immediately challenged for 4 h with P. aeruginosa. A separate group of naïve mice were similarly challenged with bacteria. Bacteria-challenged eyes were compared to uninoculated naive controls as was lens wear alone. Total RNA-sequencing determined corneal epithelium and bacterial gene expression. RESULTS: Prior lens wear profoundly altered the corneal response to P. aeruginosa, including: upregulated pattern-recognition receptors (tlr3, nod1), downregulated lectin pathway of complement activation (masp1), amplified upregulation of tcf7, gpr55, ifi205, wfdc2 (immune defense) and further suppression of efemp1 (corneal stromal integrity). Without lens wear, P. aeruginosa upregulated mitochondrial and ubiquinone metabolism genes. Lens wear alone upregulated axl, grn, tcf7, gpr55 (immune defense) and downregulated Ca2(+)-dependent genes necab1, snx31 and npr3. P. aeruginosa exposure to prior lens wearing vs. naïve corneas upregulated bacterial genes of virulence (popD), its regulation (rsmY, PA1226) and antimicrobial resistance (arnB, oprR). CONCLUSION: Prior lens wear impacts corneal epithelium gene expression altering its responses to P. aeruginosa and how P. aeruginosa responds to it favoring virulence, survival and adaptation. Impacted genes and associated networks provide avenues for research to better understand infection pathogenesis.202439677621
6125190.8895Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of Brevibacillus laterosporus Bl-zj Reflects its Potential Algicidal Response. We analyzed the complete genome of the bacteria Brevibacillus laterosporus Bl-zj. Its genome has a total length of 5,202,546 bp with 4594 annotated genes. The functional groups included transporters, pathogen-host interaction factors, antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factor, and secreted proteins were predicted, and carbon and nitrogen metabolism and transporters were mapped. A total of 34 genes possibly involved in algae-lysing processes were further screened, including 8 virulence factors, 18 secreted proteases, and 8 antibiotic-resistant genes, which could be playing important roles in host identification, invasion, and the destruction of algal cells. This study will provide a theoretical framework for the algicidal mechanism of algae-lysing bacteria and possible application to algal control.202133649996