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604900.9965Probiotic Properties and Antioxidant Activity In Vitro of Lactic Acid Bacteria. The properties of probiotics such as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been widely studied over the last decades. In the present study, four different LAB species, namely Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103, Levilactobacillus brevis ATCC 8287, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 14917, were investigated in order to determine their ability to survive in the human gut. They were evaluated based on their tolerance to acids, resistance to simulated gastrointestinal conditions, antibiotic resistance, and the identification of genes encoding bacteriocin production. All four tested strains demonstrated high resistance to simulated gastric juice after 3 h, and the viable counts revealed declines in cell concentrations of less than 1 log cycle. L. plantarum showed the highest level of survival in the human gut, with counts of 7.09 log CFU/mL. For the species L. rhamnosus and L. brevis, the values were 6.97 and 6.52, respectively. L. gasseri, after 12 h, showed a 3.96 log cycle drop in viable counts. None of the evaluated strains inhibited resistance to ampicillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, or chloramphenicol. With regard to bacteriocin genes, the Pediocin PA gene was identified in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 14917, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103, and Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323. The PlnEF gene was detected in Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ATCC 14917 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG ATCC 53103. The Brevicin 174A and PlnA genes were not detected in any bacteria. Moreover, the potential antioxidant activity of LAB's metabolites was evaluated. At the same time, the possible antioxidant activity of metabolites of LAB was first tested using the free radical DDPH(•) (a, a-Diphenyl-β-Picrylhydrazyl) and then evaluated with regard to their radical scavenging activity and inhibition against peroxyl radical induced DNA scission. All strains showed antioxidant activity; however, the best antioxidant activity was achieved by L. brevis (94.47%) and L. gasseri (91.29%) at 210 min. This study provides a comprehensive approach to the action of these LAB and their use in the food industry.202337317238
615410.9962Mechanism of arsenic resistance in endophytic bacteria isolated from endemic plant of mine tailings and their arsenophore production. Arsenic contamination is an important environmental problem around the world since its high toxicity, and bacteria resist to this element serve as valuable resource for its bioremediation. Aiming at searching the arsenic-resistant bacteria and determining their resistant mechanism, a total of 27 strains isolated from roots of Prosopis laevigata and Spharealcea angustifolia grown in a heavy metal-contaminated region in Mexico were investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and transformation abilities of arsenate (As(5+)) and arsenite (As(3+)), arsenophore synthesis, arsenate uptake, and cytoplasmatic arsenate reductase (arsC), and arsenite transporter (arsB) genes were studied for these strains. Based on these results and the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, these isolates were identified as arsenic-resistant endophytic bacteria (AREB) belonging to the genera Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Kocuria, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus. They could tolerate high concentrations of arsenic with MIC from 20 to > 100 mM for As(5+) and 10-20 mM for As(3+). Eleven isolates presented dual abilities of As(5+) reduction and As(3+) oxidation. As the most effective strains, Micrococcus luteus NE2E1 reduced 94% of the As(5+) and Pseudomonas zhaodongensis NM2E7 oxidized 46% of As(3+) under aerobic condition. About 70 and 44% of the test strains produced arsenophores to chelate As(5+) and As(3+), respectively. The AREB may absorb arsenate via the same receptor of phosphate uptake or via other way in some case. The cytoplasmic arsenate reductase and alternative arsenate reduction pathways exist in these AREB. Therefore, these AREB could be candidates for the bioremediation process.201829476206
611420.9961Uranium and other heavy metal resistance and accumulation in bacteria isolated from uranium mine wastes. Ten bacterial strains isolated from uranium mine wastes were characterized in terms of their uranium and other metal resistance and accumulation. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis identified the strains as members of genera Bacillus, Serratia, and Arthrobacter. Strains were able to utilize various carbon sources, particularly aromatic hydrocarbons, grow at broad pH and temperature ranges and produce non specific acid phosphatase relevant for metal phosphate precipitation in contaminated environment. The isolates exhibited high uranium and other heavy metals (Ni, Co, Cu and Cd) resistance and accumulation capacities. Particularly, Arthrobacter sp. J001 and Bacillus sp. J003 were superior in terms of U resistance at low pH (pH 4.0) along with metals and actinides (U and Th) removal with maximum cell loading of 1088 μmol U, 1293 μmol Th, 425 μmol Cu, 305 μmol Cd, 377 μmol Zn, 250 μmol Ni g(-1) cell dry wt. Genes encoding P(1B)-type ATPases (Cu-CPx and Zn-CPx) and ABC transporters (nik) as catalytic tools for maintaining cellular metal homeostasis were detected within several Bacillus spp., with possible incidence of horizontal gene transfer for the later gene showing phylogenetic lineage to α Proteobacteria members. The study provides evidence on intrinsic abilities of indigenous bacteria from U-mine suitable for survival and cleaning up of contaminated mine sites.201222375546
608230.9960Complete genome sequence of the probiotic candidate strain Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus B3421 isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer in South Korea. OBJECTIVES: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus is a widely recognized probiotic bacteria with therapeutic applications in human and animal health. The L. rhamnosus B3421 strain, isolated from Panax ginseng, has been reported to be associated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, supporting its functional potential. We sequenced and analyzed the genome of L. rhamnosus B3421 to evaluate its probiotic potential for human healthcare and animal applications, focusing on genomic features related to safety and functionality. DATA DESCRIPTION: In this study, we isolated L. rhamnosus B3421 from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Ginseng) and performed whole-genome sequencing. The genome of L. rhamnosus B3421 consists of 3,000,051 base pairs (bp) with a guanine + cytosine (G + C) content of 46.70%. It encodes 59 transfer RNAs, 15 ribosomal RNAs, and 2,807 coding sequences (CDSs). Of these CDSs, 99.13% (2,758 proteins) were assigned to functional categories in the Clusters of Orthologous Group (COGs) classification system, while 49 proteins remained uncharacterized. Our genome analysis identified no antibiotic resistance (ABR) or antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, indicating that L. rhamnosus B3421 is a safe probiotic bacterium with minimal risk of contributing to the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance within the gut microbiome. Additionally, the genome contains genes associated with the ggmotif (PF10439), Enterocin X chain beta, and Carnocin CP52, as identified through BAGEL4 analysis, along with 24 other genes related to reductase or peroxidase activities. These genes may confer competitive advantages against pathogenic bacteria and oxidative stress. Our findings highlight the probiotic potential of L. rhamnosus B3421 and its prospective applications in promoting human and animal health.202540877785
608040.9960Metagenomic Insights into the Taxonomic and Functional Features of Traditional Fermented Milk Products from Russia. Fermented milk products (FMPs) contain probiotics that are live bacteria considered to be beneficial to human health due to the production of various bioactive molecules. In this study, nine artisanal FMPs (kefir, ayran, khurunga, shubat, two cottage cheeses, bryndza, khuruud and suluguni-like cheese) from different regions of Russia were characterized using metagenomics. A metagenomic sequencing of ayran, khurunga, shubat, khuruud and suluguni-like cheese was performed for the first time. The taxonomic profiling of metagenomic reads revealed that Lactococcus species, such as Lc. lactis and Lc. cremoris prevailed in khuruud, bryndza, one sample of cottage cheese and khurunga. The latter one together with suluguni-like cheese microbiome was dominated by bacteria, affiliated to Lactobacillus helveticus (32-35%). In addition, a high proportion of sequences belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Streptococcus but not classified at the species level were found in the suluguni-like cheese. Lactobacillus delbrueckii, as well as Streptococcus thermophilus constituted the majority in another cottage cheese, kefir and ayran metagenomes. The microbiome of shubat, produced from camel's milk, was significantly distinctive, and Lentilactobacillus kefiri, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens and Bifidobacterium mongoliense represented the dominant components (42, 7.4 and 5.6%, respectively). In total, 78 metagenome-assembled genomes with a completeness ≥ 50.2% and a contamination ≤ 8.5% were recovered: 61 genomes were assigned to the Enterococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Streptococcaceae families (the Lactobacillales order within Firmicutes), 4 to Bifidobacteriaceae (the Actinobacteriota phylum) and 2 to Acetobacteraceae (the Proteobacteria phylum). A metagenomic analysis revealed numerous genes, from 161 to 1301 in different products, encoding glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases predicted to participate in lactose, alpha-glucans and peptidoglycan hydrolysis as well as exopolysaccharides synthesis. A large number of secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters, such as lanthipeptides, unclassified bacteriocins, nonribosomal peptides and polyketide synthases were also detected. Finally, the genes involved in the synthesis of bioactive compounds like β-lactones, terpenes and furans, nontypical for fermented milk products, were also found. The metagenomes of kefir, ayran and shubat was shown to contain either no or a very low count of antibiotic resistance genes. Altogether, our results show that traditional indigenous fermented products are a promising source of novel probiotic bacteria with beneficial properties for medical and food industries.202338276185
608750.9960Draft genome of Raoultella planticola, a high lead resistance bacterium from industrial wastewater. Isolation of heavy metals-resistant bacteria from their original habitat is a crucial step in bioremediation. Six lead (Pb) resistant bacterial strains were isolated and identified utilizing 16S rRNA to be Enterobacter ludwigii FACU 4, Shigella flexneri FACU, Microbacterium paraoxydans FACU, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumonia FACU, Raoultella planticola FACU 3 and Staphylococcus xylosus FACU. It was determined that all these strains had their Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to be 2500 ppm except R. planticola FACU 3 has a higher maximum tolerance concentration (MTC) up to 2700 ppm. We evaluated the survival of all six strains on lead stress, the efficiency of biosorption and lead uptake. It was found that R. planticola FACU 3 is the highest MTC and S. xylosus FACU was the lowest MTC in this evaluation. Therefore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the difference between the morphological responses of these two strains to lead stress. These findings led to explore more about the genome of R. planticola FACU 3 using illumine Miseq technology. Draft genome sequence analysis revealed the genome size of 5,648,460 bp and G + C content 55.8% and identified 5526 CDS, 75 tRNA and 4 rRNA. Sequencing technology facilitated the identification of about 47 genes related to resistance to many heavy metals including lead, arsenic, zinc, mercury, nickel, silver and chromium of R. planticola FACU 3 strain. Moreover, genome sequencing identified plant growth-promoting genes (PGPGs) including indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, phenazine production, trehalose metabolism and 4-hydroxybenzoate production genes and a lot of antibiotic-resistant genes.202336715862
601760.9959Selection of lactic acid bacteria to promote an efficient silage fermentation capable of inhibiting the activity of Aspergillus parasiticus and Fusarium gramineraum and mycotoxin production. AIMS: To select lactic acid bacteria with potential silage inoculant properties. The bio-control activity against mycotoxicogenic fungi and the presence of antibiotics resistance gene were also evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007 and Lactobacillus plantarum RC009 were selected on the basis of growth rate and efficacy in reducing the pH of maize extract medium; therefore, they were evaluated for their bio-control ability against Fusarium graminearum and Aspergillus parasiticus. Studies on lag phase, growth rate and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZEA) production were carried out in vitro under different regimes of aw (0·95 and 0·99); pH (4 and 6); temperature (25 and 37°C); and oxygen availability (normal and reduced). Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007 was able to completely inhibit the F. graminearum growth at all assayed conditions, while Lact. plantarum RC009 only did it at pH 4. Both Lactobacillus strains were able to significantly reduce the A. parasiticus growth rate mainly at 0·99 aw . A decrease in ZEA production was observed as result of Lactobacillus strains -F. graminearum interaction; however, the A. parasiticus- Lact. plantarum interaction resulted in an increased AFB1 production. Lactobacillus rhamnosus RC007 proved to have no genes for resistance to the tested antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: The ability of Lact. rhamnosus RC007 to rapidly drop the pH and to inhibit fungal growth and mycotoxin production and the absence of antibiotic resistance genes shows the potential of its application as inoculant and bio-control agent in animal feed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study demonstrated the importance of selecting bacteria for silage inoculants not only for the improvement of silage fermentation but also for their effects on mycotoxicogenic fungi and the resulting mycotoxin production due to the risk that they may involve.201323437822
603770.9959The Complete Genome of Probiotic Lactobacillus sakei Derived from Plateau Yak Feces. Probiotic bacteria are receiving increased attention due to the potential benefits to their hosts. Plateau yaks have resistance against diseases and stress, which is potentially related to their inner probiotics. To uncover the potential functional genes of yak probiotics, we sequenced the whole genome of Lactobacillus sakei (L. sakei). The results showed that the genome length of L. sakei was 1.99 Mbp, with 1943 protein coding genes (21 rRNA, 65 tRNA, and 1 tmRNA). There were three plasmids found in this bacteria, with 88 protein coding genes. EggNOG annotation uncovered that the L. sakei genes were found to belong to J (translation, ribosomal structure, and biogenesis), L (replication, recombination, and repair), G (carbohydrate transport and metabolism), and K (transcription). GO annotation showed that most of the L. sakei genes were related to cellular processes, metabolic processes, biological regulation, localization, response to stimulus, and organization or biogenesis of cellular components. CAZy annotation found that there were 123 CAZys in the L. sakei genome, with glycosyl transferases and glycoside hydrolases. Our results revealed the genome characteristics of L. sakei, which may give insight into the future employment of this probiotic bacterium for its functional benefits.202033371298
607680.9959Isolation and identification of mucin-degrading bacteria originated from human faeces and their potential probiotic efficacy according to host-microbiome enterotype. AIM: Mucin-degrading bacteria are known to be beneficial for gut health. We aimed to isolate human-derived mucin-degrading bacteria and identify potential probiotic characteristics and their effects on the bacterial community and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production according to three different enterotypes of the host. METHODS AND RESULTS: Bacteria with mucin decomposition ability from human faeces were isolated and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing and MALDI-TOF. Heat resistance, acid resistance, antibiotic resistance, and antibacterial activity were analysed in the selected bacteria. Their adhesion capability to the Caco-2 cell was determined by scanning electron microscopy. Their ability to alter the bacterial community and SCFA production of the isolated bacteria was investigated in three enterotypes. The three isolated strains were Bifidobacterium(Bif.) animalis SPM01 (CP001606.1, 99%), Bif. longum SPM02 (NR_043437.1, 99%), and Limosilactobacillus(L.) reuteri SPM03 (CP000705.1, 99%) deposited in Korean Collection for Type Culture (KCTC-18958P). Among them, Bif. animalis exhibited the highest mucin degrading ability. They exhibited strong resistance to acidic conditions, moderate resistance to heat, and the ability to adhere tightly to Caco-2 cells. Three isolated mucin-degrading bacteria incubation increased Lactobacillus in the faecal bacteria from Bacteroides and Prevotella enterotypes. However, only L. reuteri elevated Lactobacillus in the faecal bacteria from the Ruminococcus enterotype. B. longum and B. animalis increased the α-diversity in the Ruminococcus enterotype, while their incubation with other intestinal types decreased the α-diversity. Bifidobacterium animalis and L. reuteri increased the butyric acid level in faecal bacteria from the Prevotella enterotype, and L. reuteri elevated the acetic acid level in those from the Ruminococcus enterotype. However, the overall SCFA changes were minimal. CONCLUSIONS: The isolated mucin-degrading bacteria act as probiotics and modulate gut microbiota and SCFA production differently according to the host's enterotypes. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: Probiotics need to be personalized according to the enterotypes in clinical application.202235365862
611790.9959Isolation and characterization of the heavy metal resistant bacteria CCNWRS33-2 isolated from root nodule of Lespedeza cuneata in gold mine tailings in China. A total of 108 strains of bacteria were isolated from root nodules of wild legumes growing in gold mine tailings in northwest of China and were tested for heavy metal resistance. The results showed that the bacterial strain CCNWRS33-2 isolated from Lespedeza cuneata was highly resistant to copper, cadmium, lead and zinc. The strain had a relatively high mean specific growth rate under each heavy metal stress test and exhibited a high degree of bioaccumulation ability. The partial sequence of the copper resistance gene copA was amplified from the strain and a sequence comparison with our Cu-resistant PCR fragment showed a high homology with Cu-resistant genes from other bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that CCNWRS33-2 belongs to the Rhizobium-Agrobacterium branch and it had 98.9% similarity to Agrobactrium tumefaciens LMG196.200918562095
6079100.9958Genomic and metabonomic methods reveal the probiotic functions of swine-derived Ligilactobacillus salivarius. BACKGROUND: As substitutes for antibiotics, probiotic bacteria protect against digestive infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. Ligilactobacillus salivarius is a species of native lactobacillus found in both humans and animals. Herein, a swine-derived Ligilactobacillus salivarius was isolated and shown to colonize the ileal mucous membrane, thereby promoting nutritional digestion, absorption, and immunity. To evaluate its probiotic role, the entire genome was sequenced, the genetic information was annotated, and the metabolic information was analyzed. RESULTS: The phylogenetic relationship indicated that the bacteria was closer to L. salivarius MT573555.1 and MT585431.1. Functional genes included transporters, membrane proteins, enzymes, heavy metal resistance proteins, and putative proteins; metabolism-related genes were the most abundant. The six types of metabolic pathways secreted by L. salivarius were mainly composed of secretory transmembrane proteins and peptides. The secretory proteins of L. salivarius were digestive enzymes, functional proteins that regulate apoptosis, antibodies, and hormones. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis of L. salivarius metabolites suggested that ceramide, pyrrolidone- 5- carboxylic acid, N2-acetyl-L-ornithine, 2-ethyl-2-hydroxybutyric acid, N-lactoyl-phenylalanine, and 12 others were involved in antioxidation, repair of the cellular membrane, anticonvulsant, hypnosis, and appetite inhibition. Metabolites of clavaminic acid, antibiotic X14889C, and five other types of bacteriocins were identified, namely phenyllactic acid, janthitrem G, 13-demethyl tacrolimus, medinoside E, and tertonasin. The adherence and antioxidation of L. salivarius were also predicted. No virulence genes were found. CONCLUSION: The main probiotic properties of L. salivarius were identified using genomic, metabonomic, and biochemical assays, which are beneficial for porcine feeding. Our results provided deeper insights into the probiotic effects of L. salivarius.202337648978
158110.9958Homology- and cross-resistance of Lactobacillus plantarum to acid and osmotic stress and the influence of induction conditions on its proliferation by RNA-Seq. In this study, homology- and cross-resistance of Lactobacillus plantarum L1 and Lactobacillus plantarum L2 to acid and osmotic stress were investigated. Meanwhile, its proliferation mechanism was demonstrated by transcriptomic analysis using RNA sequencing. We found that the homologous-resistance and cross-resistance of L. plantarum L1 and L. plantarum L2 increased after acid and osmotic induction treatment by lactic acid and sodium lactate solution in advance, and the survival rate of live bacteria was improved. In addition, the count of viable bacteria of L. plantarum L2 significantly increased cultivated at a pH 5.0 with a 15% sodium lactate sublethal treatment, compared with the control group. Further study revealed that genes related to membrane transport, amino acid metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, and cell growth were significantly upregulated. These findings will contribute to promote high-density cell culture of starter cultures production in the fermented food industry.202133945164
6060120.9958Safety Evaluation and Colonisation Abilities of Four Lactic Acid Bacteria as Future Probiotics. The study evaluated the safety and colonisation properties of four lactic acid bacteria (LAB), by determining their cell hydrophobicity and aggregation abilities. In addition, the presence of virulence and resistance genes was assayed in these probiotic candidates. Lactobacillus reuteri ZJ625, Lactobacillus reuteri VB4, Lactobacillus salivarius ZJ614 and Streptococcus salivarius NBRC13956 were tested for cell surface hydrophobicity abilities against xylene, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The isolates were also tested for auto-aggregation and co-aggregation abilities; the optical densities of cell growth were measured after 1, 2, 3 and 4 h of experimental set-up. DNA was extracted from all the four isolates and amplified using PCR with specific primers to detect virulence genes of adhesion collagen protein (ace) and aggregation substances (agg and asa); also, resistance genes of Vancomycin vanA, Vancomycin vanC1 and Vancomycin vanC2/3 were assayed in the four isolates. The isolates showed high hydrophobicity to all solvents: xylene (78-84%), chloroform (68-75%) and ethyl acetate (52-60%). High auto- and co-aggregations ranging from 60 to 70% and from 45 to 56% respectively were observed in the isolates after 4 h of incubation at 37 °C. Some of the tested isolates showed the presence of virulence and resistance genes; however, this does not indicate that these genes are unsafe because their transmission and expression abilities are unknown. Therefore, in this study, the isolates studied are considered safe for use as future probiotics, as revealed from results presented, which generally represents the scanned safety evaluations of the isolates as promising probiotics.201929881953
6083130.9958Bioactivity and genome analysis of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GL18 isolated from the rhizosphere of Kobresia myosuroides in an alpine meadow. The unique eco-environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau breeds abundant microbial resources. In this research, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens GL18, isolated from the rhizosphere of Kobresia myosuroides from an alpine meadow, and the antagonistic activity, bacteriostatic hydrolase activity, and low temperature, salt, and drought resistance of it were determined and analysed. The seedlings of Avena sativa were root-irrigated using bacteria suspensions (cell concentration 1 × 10(7) cfu/mL) of GL18, and the growth-promoting effect of GL18 on it was determined under cold, salt and drought stress, respectively. The whole genome of GL18 was sequenced, and its functional genes were analysed. GL18 presented significant antagonistic activity to Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger (inhibition zone diameter > 17 mm). Transparent zones formed on four hydrolase detection media, indicating that GL18 secreted cellulase, protease, pectinase and β-1,3-glucanase. GL18 tolerated conditions of 10 °C, 11% NaCl and 15% PEG-6000, presenting cold, salt and drought resistance. GL18 improved the cold, salt and drought tolerance of A. sativa and it showed significant growth effects under different stress. The total length of the GL18 genome was 3,915,550 bp, and the number of coding DNA sequence was 3726. Compared with the clusters of orthologous groups of proteins, gene ontology and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes databases, 3088, 2869 and 2357 functional genes were annotated, respectively. GL18 contained gene clusters related to antibacterial substances, functional genes related to the synthesis of plant growth-promoting substances, and encoding genes related to stress resistance. This study identified an excellent Bacillus strain and provided a theoretical basis for improving stress resistance and promoting the growth of herbages under abiotic stress.202438189906
6035140.9958Developing Gut-Healthy Strains for Pets: Probiotic Potential and Genomic Insights of Canine-Derived Lactobacillus acidophilus GLA09. Probiotics are widely used to improve pet health and welfare due to their significant biological activity and health benefits. Lactobacillus acidophilus GLA09 was derived from the intestinal tract of healthy beagles. The safety and suitability evaluation of GLA09 was completed through a combination of whole genome sequence and phenotypic analyses, including tests for the inhibition of harmful bacteria, acid resistance, bile salt tolerance, adhesion, and amine-producing substance content. The findings revealed that GLA09 has good gastrointestinal tolerance, inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and does not produce toxic biogenic amines. The genome of GLA09 comprises one chromosome and one plasmid, with a genome size of 2.10 M and a Guanine + Cytosine content of 38.71%. It encodes a total of 2208 genes, including 10 prophages, and 1 CRISPR sequence. Moreover, 56 carbohydrate-encoding genes were identified in the CAZy database, along with 11 genes for cold and heat stress tolerance, 5 genes for bile salt tolerance, 12 genes for acid tolerance, and 14 predicted antioxidant genes. Furthermore, GLA09 has one lincosamide resistance gene, but there is no risk of transfer. GLA09 harbors a cluster of Helveticin J and Enterolysin A genes linked to antimicrobial activity. Genomic analysis validated the probiotic attributes of GLA09, indicating its potential utility as a significant probiotic in the pet food industry. In summary, L. acidophilus GLA09 has the potential to be used as a probiotic in pet food and can effectively combat intestinal health in pets.202540005717
6052150.9957Safety and technological application of autochthonous Streptococcus thermophilus cultures in the buffalo Mozzarella cheese. Thermophilic and mesophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Lactococcus lactis, play a crucial role in the technological and sensory quality of Mozzarella cheese. In this study, the safety (genes encoding virulence factors and antibiotic resistance) and acidifying activity of autochthonous S. thermophilus cultures were evaluated in order to choose the most suitable strain for industrial application. The safe and good acidifying culture was tested in two buffalo Mozzarella cheese batches: Mozzarella cheeses produced with autochthonous culture (SJRP107) and commercial culture (STM5). The cultivable LAB was evaluated by culture-dependent method (plate counting) and the quantification of S. thermophilus cultures (commercial and autochthonous) were evaluated by culture-independent method RealT-qPCR (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction). The texture, physicochemical and proteolytic properties of the Mozzarella cheeses were similar for both batches. The nonstarter LAB count was higher during manufacture than in the storage, and the RealT-qPCR indicated the presence of S. thermophilus culture until the end of storage. S. thermophilus SJRP107 presented high potential for safety application in the production of Mozzarella cheese. Furthermore, considering the culture characteristics and their relationship with product quality, further studies could be helpful to determine their effect on the sensory characteristics of the cheese.202031948624
6081160.9957In vitro probiotic characteristics and whole-genome sequence analysis of lactic acid bacteria isolated from monkey faeces. This study aimed to isolate lactic acid bacteria from monkey faeces and evaluate their safety and probiotic properties through a combination of in vitro assays and complete genomic sequencing. The results revealed that two Limosilactobacillus reuteri strains (LDHa and LSHe) exhibited promising probiotic attributes: no hemolytic activity, remarkable antibacterial activity against intestinal pathogens, high bile salt tolerance (77.46% survival rate for LDHa at 0.3% bile salt concentration), excellent gastrointestinal resistance (survival rate > 40%), and favorable surface characteristics (63.92-66.00% auto-aggregation; 91.33-93.80% hydrophobicity). The whole genome sequencing results revealed that strain LDHa has a total length of 2,031,794 bp with a GC content of 39.02% and contains (Strompfová et al. 2014) coding genes. The LSHe strain has a total length of 2,031,507 bp with a GC content of 39.02% and contains 1954 coding genes. Genomic analysis revealed that both strains possess four CRISPR sequences and one secondary metabolic gene cluster, with functional annotations from the EGGNOG, KEGG, and CAZy databases demonstrating genome stability; the absence of horizontally transferable antibiotic resistance genes; the enrichment of metabolic pathway-related genes, and probiotic-associated functional potential including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antitumor activities. This study demonstrated that L. reuteri LDHa and LSHe exhibit favorable safety profiles and probiotic potential at both physiological and genomic levels, positioning them as promising candidates for probiotic formulations in captive primate populations.202540852645
6357170.9957Cloning and expression of the pediocin operon in Streptococcus thermophilus and other lactic fermentation bacteria. Production of pediocin in Pediococcus acidilactici is associated with pMBR1.0, which encodes prepediocin, a pediocin immunity protein, and two proteins involved in secretion and precursor processing. These four genes are organized as an operon under control of a single promoter. We have constructed shuttle vectors that contain all four structural genes, the chromosomal promoter ST(P2201) from Streptococcus thermophilus, and repA from the 2-kbp S. thermophilus plasmid pER8. The recombinant plasmid, pPC318, expressed and secreted active pediocin in Escherichia coli. Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, and Enterococcus faecalis were electrotransformed with pPC418, a modified vector fitted with an erythromycin resistance tracking gene. Pediocin was produced and secreted in each of the lactic acid bacteria, and production was stable for up to ten passages. The expression of pediocin in dairy fermentation microbes has important implications for bacteriocins as food preservatives in dairy products.199910489440
6038180.9957Genomic Comparison of Lactobacillus helveticus Strains Highlights Probiotic Potential. Lactobacillus helveticus belongs to the large group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which are the major players in the fermentation of a wide range of foods. LAB are also present in the human gut, which has often been exploited as a reservoir of potential novel probiotic strains, but several parameters need to be assessed before establishing their safety and potential use for human consumption. In the present study, six L. helveticus strains isolated from natural whey cultures were analyzed for their phenotype and genotype in exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, low pH and bile salt tolerance, bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity, and antibiotic resistance profile. In addition, a comparative genomic investigation was performed between the six newly sequenced strains and the 51 publicly available genomes of L. helveticus to define the pangenome structure. The results indicate that the newly sequenced strain UC1267 and the deposited strain DSM 20075 can be considered good candidates for gut-adapted strains due to their ability to survive in the presence of 0.2% glycocholic acid (GCA) and 1% taurocholic and taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA). Moreover, these strains had the highest bile salt deconjugation activity among the tested L. helveticus strains. Considering the safety profile, none of these strains presented antibiotic resistance phenotypically and/or at the genome level. The pangenome analysis revealed genes specific to the new isolates, such as enzymes related to folate biosynthesis in strains UC1266 and UC1267 and an integrated phage in strain UC1035. Finally, the presence of maltose-degrading enzymes and multiple copies of 6-phospho-β-glucosidase genes in our strains indicates the capability to metabolize sugars other than lactose, which is related solely to dairy niches.201931293536
6069190.9957Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of lactic acid bacteria from traditional cheese in Khorramabad city of Iran with probiotic potential. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with proteolitic activity are used as aromatic and antibacterial substances, cholesterol reduces, bile salt hydrolyses, and probiotic. The aims of this project were to isolate and identify natural LAB flora involved in traditional fermentation in cheeses of Khoramabad city and also to survey their probiotic potential. In order to achieve this goal, LAB were isolated and characterized using phenotypic and genotypic methods (PCR-sequencing); in the next stage, they were analyzed lowering cholesterol medium, hydrolysis of the bile, resistance to bile-resistant PH acidic stomach. At the end of the study, 88 cocci and 3 bacill were found: 58 Enterococcus faecium, 16 Enterococcus hirae, 5 Lactococcus lactis, 3 Lactobacillus plantarum, and 9 undetermined. The probiotic results of the bacteria had effects on the reduction of cholesterol, resistance to stomach acid, had relative antibacterial effects, and some strains had effects on hydrolyzing the bile. For further identification, the PCR method and the application of 16s-DNA-ITS genes and its sequencing were found useful. This study showed that lactic acid bacteria in the traditional cheese of the Khorramabad city have relative probiotic effect and that these lactic acid bacteria in fermented milk are suitable.201525519007