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789800.9882Effects of graphite and Mn ore media on electro-active bacteria enrichment and fate of antibiotic and corresponding resistance gene in up flow microbial fuel cell constructed wetland. This study assessed the influence of substrate type on pollutants removal, antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) fate and bacterial community evolution in up-flow microbial fuel cell constructed wetlands (UCW-MFC) with graphite and Mn ore electrode substrates. Better COD removal and higher bacterial community diversity and electricity generation performance were achieved in Mn ore constructed UCW-MFC (Mn). However, the lower concentration of sulfadiazine (SDZ) and the total abundances of ARGs were obtained in the effluent in the graphite constructed UCW-MFC (s), which may be related to higher graphite adsorption and filter capacity. Notably, both reactors can remove more than 97.8% of ciprofloxacin. In addition, significant negative correlations were observed between SDZ, COD concentration, ARG abundances and bacterial a-diversity indices. The LEfse analysis revealed significantly different bacterial communities due to the substrate differences in the two reactors, and Geobacter, a typical model electro-active bacteria (EAB), was greatly enriched on the anode of UCW-MFC (Mn). In contrast, the relative abundance of methanogens (Methanosaeta) was inhibited. PICRUSt analysis results further demonstrated that the abundance of extracellular electron transfer related functional genes was increased, but the methanogen function genes and multiple antibiotic resistance genes in UCW-MFC (Mn) anode were reduced. Redundancy analyses indicated that substrate type, antibiotic accumulation and bacterial community were the main factors affecting ARGs. Moreover, the potential ARG hosts and the co-occurrence of ARGs and intI1 were revealed by network analysis.201931442759
789910.9880Removal of sulfamethoxazole in an algal-bacterial membrane aerated biofilm reactor: Microbial responses and antibiotic resistance genes. Antibiotics are frequently detected in wastewater, but often are poorly removed in conventional wastewater treatment processes. Combining microalgal and nitrifying bacterial processes may provide synergistic removal of antibiotics and ammonium. In this research, we studied the removal of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in two different reactors: a conventional nitrifying bacterial membrane aerated biofilm reactor (bMABR) and algal-bacterial membrane aerated biofilm reactor (abMABR) systems. We investigated the synergistic removal of antibiotics and ammonium, antioxidant activity, microbial communities, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and their potential hosts. Our findings show that the abMABR maintained a high sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal efficiency, with a minimum of 44.6 % and a maximum of 75.8 %, despite SMX inhibition, it maintained a consistent 25.0 % ammonium removal efficiency compared to the bMABR. Through a production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) with increased proteins/polysaccharides (PN/PS), the abMABR possibly allowed the microalgae-bacteria consortium to protect the bacteria from SMX inactivation. The activity of antioxidant enzymes caused by SMX was reduced by 62.1-98.5 % in the abMABR compared to the bMABR. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the relative abundance of Methylophilus, Pseudoxanthomonas, and Acidovorax in the abMABR exhibited a significant positive correlation with SMX exposure and reduced nitrate concentrations and SMX removal. Sulfonamide ARGs (sul1 and sul2) appeared to be primarily responsible for defense against SMX stress, and Hyphomicrobium and Nitrosomonas were the key carriers of ARGs. This study demonstrated that the abMABR system has great potential for removing SMX and reducing the environmental risks of ARGs.202539423786
811920.9879Biochar-amended composting of lincomycin fermentation dregs promoted microbial metabolism and reduced antibiotic resistance genes. Improper disposal of antibiotic fermentation dregs poses a risk of releasing antibiotics and antibiotic resistant bacteria to the environment. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of biochar addition to lincomycin fermentation dregs (LFDs) composting. Biochar increased compost temperature and enhanced organic matter decomposition and residual antibiotics removal. Moreover, a 1.5- to 17.0-fold reduction in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was observed. Adding biochar also reduced the abundances of persistent ARGs hosts (e.g., Streptomyces, Pseudomonas) and ARG-related metabolic pathways and genes (e.g., ATP-binding cassette type-2 transport, signal transduction and multidrug efflux pump genes). By contrast, compost decomposition improved due to enhanced metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids. Overall, adding biochar into LFDs compost reduced the proliferation of ARGs and enhanced microbial community metabolism. These results demonstrate that adding biochar to LFDs compost is a simple and efficient way to decrease risks associated with LFDs composting.202336334868
788730.9879Double-edged sword effects of sulfate reduction process in sulfur autotrophic denitrification system: Accelerating nitrogen removal and promoting antibiotic resistance genes spread. This study proposed the double-edged sword effects of sulfate reduction process on nitrogen removal and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) transmission in sulfur autotrophic denitrification system. Excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor analysis identified the protein-like fraction in soluble microbial products as main endogenous organic matter driving the sulfate reduction process. The resultant sulfide tended to serve as bacterial modulators, augmenting electron transfer processes and mitigating oxidative stress, thereby enhancing sulfur oxidizing bacteria (SOB) activity, rather than extra electron donors. The cooperation between SOB and heterotroph (sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and heterotrophic denitrification bacteria (HDB)) were responsible for advanced nitrogen removal, facilitated by multiple metabolic pathways including denitrification, sulfur oxidation, and sulfate reduction. However, SRB and HDB were potential ARGs hosts and assimilatory sulfate reduction pathway positively contributed to ARGs spread. Overall, the sulfate reduction process in sulfur autotrophic denitrification system boosted nitrogen removal process, but also increased the risk of ARGs transmission.202439122125
693440.9878Impact of protist predation on bacterial community traits in river sediments. Sediment-associated microbial communities are pivotal in driving biogeochemical processes and serve as key indicators of ecosystem health and function. However, the ecological impact of protist predation on these microbial communities remains poorly understood. Here, sediment microcosms were established with varying concentrations of indigenous protists. Results revealed that protist predation exerted strong and differential effects on the bacterial community composition, functional capabilities, and antibiotic resistance profiles. Higher levels of protist predation pressure increased bacterial alpha diversity and relative abundance of genera associated with carbon and nitrogen cycling, such as Fusibacter, Methyloversatilis, Azospirillum, and Holophaga. KEGG analysis indicated that protist predation stimulated microbial processes related to the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycles. Notably, the relative abundance and associated health risks of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence factor genes (VFGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were affected by predation pressure. Medium protist predation pressure increased the relative abundance and potential risks associated with ARGs, whereas high protist concentrations led to a reduction in both, likely due to a decrease in the relative abundance of ARG-hosting pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, and Aeromonas. These findings provide comprehensive insights into the dynamics of bacterial communities under protist predation in river sediment ecosystems.202540885182
864450.9878Biotic and abiotic drivers of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus and metal dynamic changes during spontaneous restoration of Pb-Zn mining wastelands. The biotic and abiotic mechanisms that drive important biogeochemical processes (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and metals dynamics) in metal mine revegetation remains elusive. Metagenomic sequencing was used to explored vegetation, soil properties, microbial communities, functional genes and their impacts on soil processes during vegetation restoration in a typical Pb-Zn mine. The results showed a clear niche differentiation between bacteria, fungi and archaea. Compared to bacteria and fungi, the archaea richness were more tightly coupled with natural restoration changes. The relative abundances of CAZyme-related, denitrification-related and metal resistance genes reduced, while nitrification, urease, inorganic phosphorus solubilisation, phosphorus transport, and phosphorus regulation -related genes increased. Redundancy analysis, hierarchical partitioning analysis, relative-importance analysis and partial least squares path modelling, indicated that archaea diversity, primarily influenced by available lead, directly impacts carbon dynamics. Functional genes, significantly affected by available cadmium, directly alter nitrogen dynamics. Additionally, pH affects phosphorus dynamics through changes in bacterial diversity, while metal dynamics are directly influenced by vegetation. These insights elucidate natural restoration mechanisms in mine and highlight the importance of archaea in soil processes.202540054196
794060.9878Microplastics affect the ammonia oxidation performance of aerobic granular sludge and enrich the intracellular and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes. Microplastics (MPs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), as emerging pollutants, are frequently detected in wastewater treatment plants, and their threats to the environment have received extensive attentions. However, the effects of MPs on the nitrification of aerobic granular sludge (AGS) and the spread patterns of intracellular and extracellular ARGs (iARGs and eARGs) in AGS were still unknown. In this study, the responses of AGS to the exposure of 1, 10 and 100 mg/L of typical MPs (polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyamide (PA), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene (PE)) and tetracycline were focused on in 3 L nitrifying sequencing batch reactors. 10 mg/L MPs decreased the nitrification function, but nitrification could recover. Furthermore, MPs inhibited ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and enriched nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, leading partial nitrification to losing stability. PVC, PA and PS stimulated the secretion of extracellular polymeric substances and reactive oxygen species. PE had less negative effect on AGS than PVC, PA and PS. The abundances of iARGs and eARGs (tetW, tetE and intI1) increased significantly and the intracellular and extracellular microbial communities obviously shifted in AGS system under MPs stress. Potential pathogenic bacteria might be the common hosts of iARGs and eARGs in AGS system and were enriched in AGS and MPs biofilms.202133387747
794870.9877Ciprofloxacin increased abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and shaped microbial community in epiphytic biofilm on Vallisneria spiralis in mesocosmic wetland. This study investigated the fate of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in wetlands dominated by Vallisneria spiralis. About 99% of CIP was degraded from overlaying water within 4 days of treatment but significantly inhibited the nutrient removal capacity (TN, TP, and COD) by causing a drastic reduction in microbial aggregation in epiphytic biofilm and bacterial biodiversity. CIP triggered resistance mechanisms among dominant bacteria phyla such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes causing their increased relative abundance. Additionally, the relative abundances of eukaryotic microorganisms (including; Chloroplastida, Metazoa, and Rhizaria) and 13 ARGs subtypes (including; Efflux pump, Tetracycline, Multi-drug, Rifampin, Beta-lactam, Peptide, Trimethoprim) were significantly increased. While dominant metabolic pathways such as Carbohydrate, amino acid, energy and nucleotide metabolism were inhibited. This study revealed that V. spiralis has great sorption capacity for CIP than sediment and though CIP was effectively removed from the overlying water, it caused a prolonged effect on the epiphytic biofilm microbial communities.202133412499
690580.9877The hot air circulation ventilation composting system removes antibiotic resistance genes through competitive inhibition by core bacteria. Livestock manure is a significant reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Aerobic composting technology can produce mature compost while effectively removing ARGs. In this study, we developed an energy-saving and emission-reducing hot air circulating ventilated composting technology (HACV), which had no adverse effects on the composting process or compost maturity. The HACV composting altered bacterial communities, primarily driven by heterogeneous selection among deterministic factors (65 %). Specifically, it increased the complexity of bacterial networks and promoted the colonization of high-temperature-tolerant bacteria, such as Erysipelothrix, Oceanobacillus and unclassified_f_Bacillaceae. Topological analysis revealed that core bacteria primarily functioned as connectors in composting, serving as important ARGs hosts and facilitating their spread in conventional composting. Among these, a core pathogenic bacterium (Corynebacterium) carried and transmitted ARGs with higher risks. In contrast, although the number of core bacteria (Bacillus, Oceanobacillus, Caldicoprobacter, Saccharomonospora, and Lactobacillus) increased during HACV composting, these bacteria were not potential hosts of the target ARGs. This contributed to the removal of aadE by 80.49 %. Consequently, compared to conventional composting, HACV composting was more effective at controlling risky ARGs, particularly aac(6')-Ib-cr and sul1. Furthermore, the ARGs removal mechanism primarily involved inhibiting horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in HACV composting, attributed to competition between core bacteria and ARGs hosts. In summary, HACV composting effectively promotes ARGs removal and reduces the risk of bacterial resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: In this study, we developed an energy-saving and emission-reducing hot air circulation ventilation composting technology (HACV), which effectively removes antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The HACV system maintained composting efficiency and maturity while driving bacterial community succession through deterministic processes (heterogeneous selection). HACV composting increased the colonization of core bacteria in the microbial network. Acting as connectors, the core bacteria are not hosts of ARGs in the HACV system, inhibiting horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and remove ARGs through competition with host bacteria.202540682888
794790.9876Molecular insights into linkages among free-floating macrophyte-derived organic matter, the fate of antibiotic residues, and antibiotic resistance genes. Macrophyte rhizospheric dissolved organic matter (ROM) served as widespread abiotic components in aquatic ecosystems, and its effects on antibiotic residues and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) could not be ignored. However, specific influencing mechanisms for ROM on the fate of antibiotic residues and expression of ARGs still remained unclear. Herein, laboratory hydroponic experiments for water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) were carried out to explore mutual interactions among ROM, sulfamethoxazole (SMX), bacterial community, and ARGs expression. Results showed ROM directly affect SMX concentrations through the binding process, while CO and N-H groups were main binding sites for ROM. Dynamic changes of ROM molecular composition diversified the DOM pool due to microbe-mediated oxidoreduction, with enrichment of heteroatoms (N, S, P) and decreased aromaticity. Microbial community analysis showed SMX pressure significantly stimulated the succession of bacterial structure in both bulk water and rhizospheric biofilms. Furthermore, network analysis further confirmed ROM bio-labile compositions as energy sources and electron shuttles directly influenced microbial structure, thereby facilitating proliferation of antibiotic resistant bacteria (Methylotenera, Sphingobium, Az spirillum) and ARGs (sul1, sul2, intl1). This investigation will provide scientific supports for the control of antibiotic residues and corresponding ARGs in aquatic ecosystems.202438653136
7904100.9875Effect of the coexposure of sulfadiazine, ciprofloxacin and zinc on the fate of antibiotic resistance genes, bacterial communities and functions in three-dimensional biofilm-electrode reactors. Three-dimensional biofilm electrode reactors (3D-BERs) with high treatment efficiency were constructed to treat wastewater containing sulfadiazine (SDZ) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) coexposure with Zinc (Zn). The results showed that coexposure to target antibiotics and Zn increased the absolute and relative abundances of target antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Additionally, the target ARG abundances were higher on cathode of 3D-BER compared with ordinary anaerobic reactor while the abundances of total ARGs were decreased in the effluent. Meanwhile, redundancy analysis results revealed that the composition of bacteria carrying ARGs was greatly influenced in the cathode by the accumulation of Zn and antibiotic, which dominated the changes of ARG abundances. Additionally, ARGs with their host bacteria revealed by network analysis were partially deposited on electrode substrates when being removed from wastewater. Thus, 3D-BER exhibits capability of simultaneously eliminating antibiotic and Zn, and greatly reduces the risks of ARGs spread.202031677404
7954110.9875Metagenomic analysis reveals indole signaling effect on microbial community in sequencing batch reactors: Quorum sensing inhibition and antibiotic resistance enrichment. Indole is an essential signal molecule in microbial studies. However, its ecological role in biological wastewater treatments remains enigmatic. This study explores the links between indole and complex microbial communities using sequencing batch reactors exposed to 0, 15, and 150 mg/L indole concentrations. A concentration of 150 mg/L indole enriched indole degrader Burkholderiales, while pathogens, such as Giardia, Plasmodium, and Besnoitia were inhibited at 15 mg/L indole concentration. At the same time, indole reduced the abundance of predicted genes in the "signaling transduction mechanisms" pathway via the Non-supervised Orthologous Groups distributions analysis. Indole significantly decreased the concentration of homoserine lactones, especially C(14)-HSL. Furthermore, the quorum-sensing signaling acceptors containing LuxR, the dCACHE domain, and RpfC showed negative distributions with indole and indole oxygenase genes. Signaling acceptors' potential origins were mainly Burkholderiales, Actinobacteria, and Xanthomonadales. Meanwhile, concentrated indole (150 mg/L) increased the total abundance of antibiotic resistance genes by 3.52 folds, especially on aminoglycoside, multidrug, tetracycline, and sulfonamide. Based on Spearman's correlation analysis, the homoserine lactone degradation genes which were significantly impacted by indole negatively correlated with the antibiotic resistance gene abundance. This study brings new insights into the effect of indole signaling on in biological wastewater treatment plants.202337054839
8538120.9874Metagenomic ecotoxicity assessment of trace difenoconazole on freshwater microbial community. Difenoconazole, a typical triazole fungicide, inhibits the activity of cytochrome P450 enzyme in fungi, and is extensively used in protecting fruits, vegetables, and cereal crops. However, reports elucidating the effects of difenoconazole on aquatic microbial communities are limited. Our study showed that difenoconazole promoted microalgae growth at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5 μg/L, which was similar with its environmental residual concentrations. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the aquatic microbial structure could self-regulate to cope with difenoconazole-induced stress by accumulating bacteria exhibiting pollutant degrading abilities. In the short-term, several functional pathways related to xenobiotic biodegradation and analysis were upregulated to provide ability for aquatic microbial community to process xenobiotic stress. Moreover, most disturbed ecological functions were recovered due to the redundancy of microbial communities after prolonged exposure. Furthermore, the risks associated with the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes were enhanced by difenoconazole in the short-term. Overall, our study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the difenoconazole-induced ecological impacts and the behavior of aquatic microbial communities that are coping with xenobiotic stress.202235090847
7891130.9874Co-selective effect of dissolved organic matter and chlorine on the bacterial community and their antibiotic resistance in biofilm of drinking water distribution pipes. The proliferation of pathogenic bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the biofilm of drinking water distribution pipes poses a serious threat to human health. This work adopted 15 polyethylene (PE) pipes to study the co-selective effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and chlorine on the bacterial community and their antibiotic resistance in biofilm. The results indicated that ozone and granular activated carbon (O(3)-GAC) filtration effectively removed lignins and proteins from DOM, and chlorine disinfection eliminated carbohydrate and unsaturated hydrocarbons, which both contributed to the inhibition of bacterial growth and biofilm formation. After O(3)-GAC and disinfection treatment, Porphyrobacter, unclassified_d_bacteria, and Sphingopyxis dominated in the biofilm bacterial community. Correspondingly, the bacterial metabolism pathways, including the phosphotransferase system, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, ABC transporters, and starch and sucrose metabolism, were downregulated significantly (p < 0.05), compared to the sand filtration treatment. Under such a situation, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) secretion was inhibited in biofilm after O(3)-GAC and disinfection treatment, postponing the interaction between EPS protein and pipe surface, preventing bacteria, especially pathogens, from adhering to the pipe surface to form biofilm, and restraining the spread of ARGs. This study revealed the effects of various water filtration and disinfection processes on bacterial growth, metabolism, and biofilm formation on a molecular level, and validated that the O(3)-GAC filtration followed by chlorine disinfection is an effective and promising pathway to control the microbial risk of drinking water.202539490093
7889140.9874The interaction between extracellular polymeric substances and corrosion products in pipes shaped different bacterial communities and the effects of micropollutants. There are growing concerns over the effects of micropollutants on biofilms formation and antibiotic resistance gene (ARGs) transmission in drinking water distribution pipes. However, there was no reports about the influence of the interaction between extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and corrosion products on biofilms formation. Our results indicated that the abundance of quorum sensing (QS)-related genes, polysaccharide and amino acids biosynthesis genes of EPS was 6747-8055 TPM, 2221-2619 TPM, and 1461-1535 TPM in biofilms of cast iron pipes, respectively, which were higher than that of stainless steel pipes. The two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) analysis of attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ATR-FTIR) results indicated that polysaccharide of EPS was more easily adsorbed onto the corrosion products of cast iron pipes. Therefore, more human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) carrying ARGs were formed in biofilms of cast iron pipes. The amide I and amide II components and phosphate moieties of EPS were more susceptible to the corrosion products of stainless steel pipes. Thus, more bacteria genera carrying mobile genetic elements (MGE)-ARG were formed in biofilms of stainless steel pipes due to more abundance of QS-related genes, amino acids biosynthesis genes of EPS and the functional genes related to lipid metabolism. The enrichment of dimethyl phthalate (DMP), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and sulfadiazine (SUL) in corrosion products induced upregulation of QS and EPS-related genes, which promoted bacteria carrying different ARGs growth in biofilms, inducing more microbial risks.202337950951
7888150.9874Microecology of aerobic denitrification system construction driven by cyclic stress of sulfamethoxazole. The construction of aerobic denitrification (AD) systems in an antibiotic-stressed environment is a serious challenge. This study investigated strategy of cyclic stress with concentration gradient (5-30 mg/L) of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), to achieve operation of AD. Total nitrogen removal efficiency of system increased from about 10 % to 95 %. Original response of abundant-rare genera to antibiotics was changed by SMX stress, particularly conditionally rare or abundant taxa (CRAT). AD process depends on synergistic effect of heterotrophic nitrifying aerobic denitrification bacteria (Paracoccus, Thauera, Hypomicrobium, etc). AmoABC, napA, and nirK were functionally co-expressed with multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) (acrR, ereAB, and mdtO), facilitating AD process. ARGs and TCA cycling synergistically enhance the antioxidant and electron transport capacities of AD process. Antibiotic efflux pump mechanism played an important role in operation of AD. The study provides strong support for regulating activated sludge to achieve in situ AD function.202438710419
8110160.9874Removal of chlortetracycline and antibiotic resistance genes in soil by earthworms (epigeic Eisenia fetida and endogeic Metaphire guillelmi). The impacts of two ecological earthworms on the removal of chlortetracycline (CTC, 0.5 and 15 mg kg(-1)) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil were explored through the soil column experiments. The findings showed that earthworm could significantly accelerate the degradation of CTC and its metabolites (ECTC) in soil (P < 0.05), with epigeic Eisenia fetida promoting degradation rapidly and endogeic Metaphire guillelmi exhibiting a slightly better elimination effect. Earthworms alleviated the abundances of tetR, tetD, tetPB, tetG, tetA, sul1, TnpA, ttgB and intI1 in soil, with the total relative abundances of ARGs decreasing by 35.0-44.2% in earthworm treatments at the 28th day of cultivation. High throughput sequencing results displayed that the structure of soil bacteria community was modified apparently with earthworm added, and some possible CTC degraders, Aeromonas, Flavobacterium and Luteolibacter, were promoted by two kinds of earthworms. Redundancy analysis demonstrated that the reduction of CTC residues, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes owing to earthworm stimulation was responsible for the removal of ARGs and intI1 in soil. Additionally, intI1 declined obviously in earthworm treatments, which could weaken the risk of horizontal transmission of ARGs. Therefore, earthworm could restore the CTC-contaminated soil via enhancing the removal of CTC, its metabolites and ARGs.202133798888
6919170.9874Enhanced removal of antibiotic resistance genes during chicken manure composting after combined inoculation of Bacillus subtilis with biochar. This study explored the combined effects of Bacillus subtilis inoculation with biochar on the evolution of bacterial communities, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) during the composting of chicken manure. The results showed that B. subtilis inoculation combined with biochar increased bacterial abundance and diversity as well as prolonged the compost thermophilic period. Promoted organic matter biodegradation and facilitated the organic waste compost humification process, reduced the proliferation of ARGs by altering the bacterial composition. Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota were the main resistant bacteria related to ARGs and MGEs. The decrease in ARGs and MGEs was associated with the reduction in the abundance of related host bacteria. Compost inoculation with B. subtilis and the addition of biochar could promote nutrient transformation, reduce the increase in ARGs and MGEs, and increase the abundance of beneficial soil taxa.202437778803
6938180.9874Assessment of the Effects of Biodegradable and Nonbiodegradable Microplastics Combined with Pesticides on the Soil Microbiota. Microplastics (MPs) and pesticides pose significant threats to the health of soil ecosystems. This study investigated the individual and combined effects of biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) and nonbiodegradable polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microplastics alongside glyphosate and imidacloprid pesticides on soil microbial communities and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) via microcosm experiments. Compared with the control, PLA significantly increased microbial alpha diversity and enhanced microbial functions related to environmental information processing and metabolism. However, PLA also selectively enriched populations of beneficial and potentially pathogenic bacteria, whereas PET had comparatively weaker effects. Crucially, PLA exposure resulted in substantially higher total abundance and ecological risk levels of soil ARGs than did PET. Coexposure with pesticides further amplified these effects, with PLA demonstrating notable synergistic interactions with both glyphosate and imidacloprid. These findings challenge the conventional assumption that biodegradable MPs such as PLA are environmentally safer than nonbiodegradable MPs, thus highlighting their potential to induce more complex and potentially severe ecological risks under co-contamination scenarios with pesticides.202541175058
8118190.9874Effects of biocontrol Bacillus and fermentation bacteria additions on the microbial community, functions and antibiotic resistance genes of prickly ash seed oil meal-biochar compost. This study evaluated the effects of biocontrol Bacillus and fermenting bacteria addition on the microbial community, metabolic functions and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of new prickly ash seed oil meal (PSOM)-biochar composting. The results showed that the addition of Bacillus subtilis and fermentation bacteria significantly increased the NH(4)(+)-N, bacterial abundance and fungal diversity of compost while decreasing the relative abundances (RAs) of carbon metabolism genes in mature compost. NH(4)(+)-N was significantly correlated with microbial abundance and diversity, and its increase was closely related to microbial amino acid metabolism. The addition of biocontrol and fermenting bacteria changed the RAs of ARGs, which was caused by changes in the potential hosts Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota and Firmicutes in the compost. Consequently, adding Bacillus and fermenting bacteria into PSOM to make composting was suggested as an effective method to promote nutrient transformation, regulate microbial activity and decrease RAs of tetracycline and vancomycin ARGs.202134339999