ARGPORE2 - Word Related Documents




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731600.9352Nanopore-based long-read metagenomics uncover the resistome intrusion by antibiotic resistant bacteria from treated wastewater in receiving water body. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent discharge could induce the resistome enrichment in the receiving water environments. However, because of the general lack of a robust antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) identification method, the driving mechanism for resistome accumulation in receiving environment is unclear. Here, we took advantage of the enhanced ARBs recognition by nanopore long reads to distinguish the indigenous ARBs and the accumulation of WWTP-borne ARBs in the receiving water body of a domestic WWTP. A bioinformatic framework (named ARGpore2: https://github.com/sustc-xylab/ARGpore2) was constructed and evaluate to facilitate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and ARBs identification in nanopore reads. ARGs identification by ARGpore2 showed comparable precision and recall to that of the commonly adopt BLASTP-based method, whereas the spectrum of ARBs doubled that of the assembled Illumina dataset. Totally, we identified 33 ARBs genera carrying 65 ARG subtypes in the receiving seawater, whose concentration was in general 10 times higher than clean seawater's. Notably we report a primary resistome intrusion caused by the revival of residual microbes survived from disinfection treatment. These WWTP-borne ARBs, including several animal/human enteric pathogens, contributed up to 85% of the receiving water resistome. Plasmids and class 1 integrons were reckoned as major vehicles facilitating the persistence and dissemination of ARGs. Moreover, our work demonstrated the importance of extensive carrier identification in determining the driving force of multifactor coupled resistome booming in complicated environmental conditions, thereby paving the way for establishing priority for effective ARGs mitigation strategies.202236332295
787010.9350Hierarchical Bi(2)O(2)CO(3) wrapped with modified graphene oxide for adsorption-enhanced photocatalytic inactivation of antibiotic resistant bacteria and resistance genes. There is growing pressure for wastewater treatment plants to mitigate the discharge of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and extracellular resistance genes (eARGs), which requires technological innovation. Here, hierarchical Bi(2)O(2)CO(3) microspheres were wrapped with nitrogen-doped, reduced graphene oxide (NRGO) for enhanced inactivation of multidrug-resistant E. coli NDM-1 and degradation of the plasmid-encoded ARG (bla(NDM-1)) in secondary effluent. The NRGO shell enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (•OH and H(2)O(2)) by about three-fold, which was ascribed to broadened light absorption region (red-shifted up to 459 nm) and decreased electron-transfer time (from 55.3 to 19.8 ns). Wrapping enhanced E. coli adsorption near photocatalytic sites to minimize ROS scavenging by background constituents, which contributed to the NRGO-wrapped microspheres significantly outperforming commercial TiO(2) photocatalyst. ROS scavenger tests indicated that wrapping also changed the primary inactivation pathway, with photogenerated electron holes and surface-attached hydroxyl radicals becoming the predominant oxidizing species with wrapped microspheres, versus free ROS (e.g., •OH, H(2)O(2) and •O(2)(-)) for bare microspheres. Formation of resistance plasmid-composited microsphere complexes, primary due to the π-π stacking and hydrogen bonding between the shell and nucleotides, also minimized ROS scavenging and kept free plasmid concentrations below 10(2) copies/mL. As proof-of-concept, this work offers promising insight into the utilization of NRGO-wrapped microspheres for mitigating antibiotic resistance propagation in the environment.202032679343
726820.9338Deciphering Multidrug-Resistant Plasmids in Disinfection Residual Bacteria from a Wastewater Treatment Plant. Current disinfection processes pose an emerging environmental risk due to the ineffective removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially disinfection residual bacteria (DRB) carrying multidrug-resistant plasmids (MRPs). However, the characteristics of DRB-carried MRPs are poorly understood. In this study, qPCR analysis reveals that the total absolute abundance of four plasmids in postdisinfection effluent decreases by 1.15 log units, while their relative abundance increases by 0.11 copies/cell compared to investigated wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) influent. We obtain three distinctive DRB-carried MRPs (pWWTP-01-03) from postdisinfection effluent, each carrying 9-11 antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs). pWWTP-01 contains all 11 ARGs within an ∼25 Kbp chimeric genomic island showing strong patterns of recombination with MRPs from foodborne outbreaks and hospitals. Antibiotic-, disinfectant-, and heavy-metal-resistant genes on the same plasmid underscore the potential roles of disinfectants and heavy metals in the coselection of ARGs. Additionally, pWWTP-02 harbors an adhesin-type virulence operon, implying risks of both antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity upon entering environments. Furthermore, some MRPs from DRB are capable of transferring and could confer selective advantages to recipients under environmentally relevant antibiotic pressure. Overall, this study advances our understanding of DRB-carried MRPs and highlights the imminent need to monitor and control wastewater MRPs for environmental security.202438574343
783030.9321Cascade capture, oxidization and inactivation for removing multi-species pollutants, antimicrobial resistance and pathogenicity from hospital wastewater. As reservoirs of pathogens, antimicrobial resistant microorganisms and a wide variety of pollutants, hospital wastewaters (HWWs) need to be effectively treated before discharge. This study employed the functionalized colloidal microbubble technology as one-step fast HWW treatment. Inorganic coagulant (monomeric Fe(III)-coagulant or polymeric Al(III)-coagulant) and ozone were used as surface-decorator and gaseous core modifier, respectively. The Fe(III)- or Al(III)-modified colloidal gas (or, ozone) microbubbles (Fe(III)-CCGMBs, Fe(III)-CCOMBs, Al(III)-CCGMBs and Al(III)-CCOMBs) were constructed. Within 3 min, CCOMBs decreased COD(Cr) and fecal coliform concentration to the levels meeting the national discharge standard for medical organization. Regrowth of bacteria was inhibited and biodegradability of organics was increased after the simultaneous oxidation and cell-inactivation process. The metagenomics analysis further reveals that Al(III)-CCOMBs performed best in capturing the virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes and their potential hosts. The horizontal transfer of those harmful genes could be effectively hampered thanks to the removal of mobile genetic elements. Interestingly, the virulence factors of adherence, micronutrient uptake/acquisition and phase invasion could facilitate the interface-dominated capture. Featured as cascade processes of capture, oxidation and inactivation in the one-step operation, the robust Al(III)-CCOMB treatment is recommended for the HWW treatment and the protection of downstream aquatic environment.202337269564
735140.9309Dynamics of integron structures across a wastewater network - Implications to resistance gene transfer. Class 1 and other integrons are common in wastewater networks, often being associated with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, the importance of different integron structures in ARG transfer within wastewater systems has only been implied, especially between community and hospital sources, among wastewater treatment plant compartments, and in receiving waters. This uncertainty is partly because current clinical class 1 integron qPCR assays (i.e., that target human-impacted structures, i.e., clintI1) poorly delineate clintI1 from non-impacted class 1 integron structures. They also say nothing about their ARG content. To fill these technical gaps, new real-time qPCR assays were developed for "impacted" class 1 structures (called aint1; i.e., anthropogenic class 1 integrons) and empty aint1 structures (i.e., carry no ARGs; called eaint1). The new assays and other integron assays then were used to examine integron dynamics across a wastewater network. 16S metagenomic sequencing also was performed to characterise associated microbiomes. aint1 abundances per bacterial cell were about 10 times greater in hospital wastewaters compared with other compartments, suggesting aint1 enrichment with ARGs in hospital sources. Conversely, the relative abundance of eaint1 structures were over double in recycled activated sludge compared with other compartments, except receiving waters (RAS; ∼30% of RAS class 1 structures did not carry ARGs). Microbiome analysis showed that human-associated bacterial taxa with mobile integrons also differed in RAS and river sediments. Further, class 1 integrons in RAS bacteria appear to have released ARGs, whereas hospital bacteria have accumulated ARGs. Results show that quantifying integron dynamics can help explain where ARG transfer occurs in wastewater networks, and should be considered in future studies on antibiotic resistance in the environment.202134673462
793450.9308Mitigated membrane fouling and enhanced removal of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes from wastewater effluent via an integrated pre-coagulation and microfiltration process. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been regarded as an emerging pollutant in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents due to their potential risk to human health and ecological safety when reused for landscape and irrigation. Conventional wastewater treatment processes generally fail to effectively reduce ARGs, especially extracellular ARGs (eARGs), which are persistent in the environment and play an important role in horizontal gene transfer via transformation. Herein, an integrated process of pre-coagulation and microfiltration was developed for removal of ARGs, especially eARGs, from wastewater effluent. Results show that the integrated process could effectively reduce the absolute abundances of total ARGs (tARGs) (>2.9 logs) and eARGs (>5.2 logs) from the effluent. The excellent performance could be mainly attributed to the capture of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and eARGs by pre-coagulation and co-rejection during subsequent microfiltration. Moreover, the integrated process exhibited a good performance on removing common pollutants (e.g., dissolved organic carbon and phosphate) from the effluent to improve water quality. Besides, the integrated process also greatly reduced membrane fouling compared with microfiltration. These findings suggest that the integrated process of pre-coagulation and microfiltration is a promising advanced wastewater treatment technology for ARGs (especially eARGs) removal from WWTP effluents to ensure water reuse security.201931085389
726760.9307Antimicrobial resistance transmission in the environmental settings through traditional and UV-enabled advanced wastewater treatment plants: a metagenomic insight. BACKGROUND: Municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are pivotal reservoirs for antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB). Selective pressures from antibiotic residues, co-selection by heavy metals, and conducive environments sustain ARGs, fostering the emergence of ARB. While advancements in WWTP technology have enhanced the removal of inorganic and organic pollutants, assessing ARG and ARB content in treated water remains a gap. This metagenomic study meticulously examines the filtration efficiency of two distinct WWTPs-conventional (WWTPC) and advanced (WWTPA), operating on the same influent characteristics and located at Aligarh, India. RESULTS: The dominance of Proteobacteria or Pseudomonadota, characterized the samples from both WWTPs and carried most ARGs. Acinetobacter johnsonii, a prevailing species, exhibited a diminishing trend with wastewater treatment, yet its persistence and association with antibiotic resistance underscore its adaptive resilience. The total ARG count was reduced in effluents, from 58 ARGs, representing 14 distinct classes of antibiotics in the influent to 46 and 21 in the effluents of WWTPC and WWTPA respectively. However, an overall surge in abundance, particularly influenced by genes such as qacL, bla(OXA-900), and rsmA was observed. Numerous clinically significant ARGs, including those against aminoglycosides (AAC(6')-Ib9, APH(3'')-Ib, APH(6)-Id), macrolides (EreD, mphE, mphF, mphG, mphN, msrE), lincosamide (lnuG), sulfonamides (sul1, sul2), and beta-lactamases (bla(NDM-1)), persisted across both conventional and advanced treatment processes. The prevalence of mobile genetic elements and virulence factors in the effluents possess a high risk for ARG dissemination. CONCLUSIONS: Advanced technologies are essential for effective ARG and ARB removal. A multidisciplinary approach focused on investigating the intricate association between ARGs, microbiome dynamics, MGEs, and VFs is required to identify robust indicators for filtration efficacy, contributing to optimized WWTP operations and combating ARG proliferation across sectors.202540050994
249270.9306Mobile Tigecycline Resistance: An Emerging Health Catastrophe Requiring Urgent One Health Global Intervention. Mobile tigecycline resistance (MTR) threatens the clinical efficacy of the salvage antibiotic, tigecycline (TIG) used in treating deadly infections in humans caused by superbugs (multidrug-, extensively drug-, and pandrug-resistant bacteria), including carbapenem- and colistin-resistant bacteria. Currently, non-mobile tet(X) and mobile plasmid-mediated transmissible tet(X) and resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pump tmexCD-toprJ genes, conferring high-level TIG (HLT) resistance have been detected in humans, animals, and environmental ecosystems. Given the increasing rate of development and spread of plasmid-mediated resistance against the two last-resort antibiotics, colistin (COL) and TIG, there is a need to alert the global community on the emergence and spread of plasmid-mediated HLT resistance and the need for nations, especially developing countries, to increase their antimicrobial stewardship. Justifiably, MTR spread projects One Health ramifications and portends a monumental threat to global public and animal health, which could lead to outrageous health and economic impact due to limited options for therapy. To delve more into this very important subject matter, this current work will discuss why MTR is an emerging health catastrophe requiring urgent One Health global intervention, which has been constructed as follows: (a) antimicrobial activity of TIG; (b) mechanism of TIG resistance; (c) distribution, reservoirs, and traits of MTR gene-harboring isolates; (d) causes of MTR development; (e) possible MTR gene transfer mode and One Health implication; and (f) MTR spread and mitigating strategies.202235979498
721580.9305High-throughput qPCR profiling of antimicrobial resistance genes and bacterial loads in wastewater and receiving environments. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are hot spots for the acquisition and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This regional-based study quantified antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and bacteria in hospital and community-derived wastewater and receiving environments, using high-throughput qPCR (HT-qPCR). This is the first study to apply Resistomap's Antibiotic Resistance Gene Index (ARGI) as a standardised metric to find the overall AMR level across different WWTPs. ARGI of WWTPs ranged from 2.0 to 2.3, indicating higher relative ARG levels than the mean European ARGI of 2.0, but lower than the global mean of 2.4. The highest diversity and abundance of ARGs were observed in untreated hospital and community wastewater. The reduction of total ARGs during wastewater treatment (0.2-2 logs) and bacteria (0.3-1.5 logs) varied spatio-temporally across the WWTPs. Despite a decrease in ARG and bacterial abundance in treated effluents, substantial loads were still released into receiving environments. Notably, ARG levels in coastal sediments were comparable to those in untreated wastewater, and most ARGs were shared between wastewater and receiving environments, highlighting the impact of wastewater discharge on these ecosystems. Sewage outfall exposure increased ARGs in shellfish, emphasising risks to shellfish hygiene. This study provides evidence to inform policymaking, emphasising advanced wastewater treatment methods and combined sewer overflow (CSO) management to mitigate ARG release, protecting water users and the food chain.202540127809
727090.9303Dynamics of Genotypic and Phenotypic Antibiotic Resistance in a Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plant in 2 Years. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are considered a sink and a source of antibiotic resistance. In this study, we applied both culture-dependent and SmartChip-based culture-independent approaches for the investigation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) at Jungnang (JN), located in the Han River, Seoul, South Korea, for 2 years, i.e., 2017 and 2018. The JN WWTP reduced the diversity and abundance of ARB and ARGs but was not sufficient for removing them all. Interestingly, through the treatment process in the JN WWTP, the composition of diverse multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria was concentrated mainly into some genera of the Gammaproteobacteria class (Citrobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, and Stenotrophomonas), which could be key carriages to spread ARGs into the environments. In addition, SmartChip analyses showed that the relative abundance and the number of ARGs were significantly decreased from the influents to the effluents in both 2017 and 2018. SmartChip analyses for 2 years also allowed to notify the core ARGs in the influents and the effluents with the presence of clinically relevant core ARGs, such as vanC, bla (OXA) , and bla (NDM) , which persisted in the treatment process. Considering diverse bacterial mechanisms for exchanging and transferring ARGs, the occurrence of MDR bacteria and core ARGs could be a source for the blooming of the antibiotic resistome in the WWTP and nearby environments.202236033841
1532100.9303Identification of TMexCD-TOprJ-producing carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from hospital sewage. Carbapenems and tigecycline are crucial antimicrobials for the treatment of gram-negative bacteria infections. Recently, a novel resistance-nodulation-division (RND) efflux pump gene cluster, tmexCD-toprJ, which confers resistance to tigecycline, has been discovered in animals and clinical isolates. It was reported that hospital sewage could act as a reservoir for gram-negative bacteria with high antimicrobial resistance genes. In this study, we analyzed 84 isolates of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) from hospital sewage, and identified five isolates of TMexCD-ToprJ-producing CR-GNB, including one Raoultella ornithinolytica isolate and four Pseudomonas spp. isolates. All these five isolates carried at least one carbapenem resistance gene and were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Multiple tmexCD-toprJ clusters were detected, including tmexC2D2-toprJ2, tmexC3D3-toprJ3, tmexC3.2D3.3-toprJ1b and tmexC3.2D3-toprJ1b. Among these clusters, the genetic construct of tmexC3.2D3-toprJ1b showed 2-fold higher minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tigecycline than other three variants. In addition, it was found that the tmexCD-toprJ gene cluster was originated from Pseudomonas spp. and mainly located on Tn6855 variants inserted in the same umuC-like genes on chromosomes and plasmids. This unit co-localized with bla(IMP) or bla(VIM) on IncHI5-, Inc(pJBCL41)- and Inc(pSTY)-type plasmids in the five isolates of TMCR-GNB. The IncHI5- and Inc(pSTY)-type plasmids had the ability to conjugal transfer to E. coli J53 and P. aeruginosa PAO1, highlighting the potential risk of transfer of tmexCD-toprJ from Pseudomonas spp. to Enterobacterales. Importantly, genomic analysis showed that similar tmexCD-toprJ-harboring IncHI5 plasmids were also detected in human samples, suggesting transmission between environmental and human sectors. The emergence of TMCR-GNB from hospital sewage underscores the need for ongoing surveillance of antimicrobial resistance genes, particularly the novel resistance genes such as the tmexCD-toprJ gene clusters in the wastewater environment.202337480594
7271110.9303Identification of critical control points for antibiotic resistance discharge in sewers. Disrupting the spread of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is one of the key components for the success of the One Health strategy. While waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) represent a final control point for daily discharges of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) to the aquatic environment, a decentralized upstream monitoring of wastewater feeds of selected urban drainage areas for bla(CTX-M32), bla(CTX-M15), bla(OXA48), bla(CMY-2), mecA, bla(NDM-1), bla(KPC3), vanA, and mcr-1 representing clinically relevant ARGs has been performed. Besides hospitals, also retirement homes were found to be responsible for high levels of ARG discharges compared to housing area sewer systems. The monitoring combines qPCR-based quantifications, flow volume-based analyses, and multiple antibiotic resistance analyses of isolates. As result of the study, local actions at identified critical control points could help to prevent contaminations of larger volumes of wastewaters. This strategy will support a more cost-effective treatment compared to central actions at WWTPs, only. A polluter-pays principle should be applied by this monitoring strategy.202235051461
7004120.9302Sheep and rapeseed cake manure promote antibiotic resistome in agricultural soil. The application of manure in agriculture caused the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in soil environments. However, the co-occurrence pattern and host diversity of ARGs and MGEs in soils amended with animal and green manures remains unclear. In this study, metagenomic assembly and binning techniques were employed to comprehensively explore the effects of sheep manure and green manure on soil microbiome, antibiotic resistomes, and ARG hosts. Both rapeseed cake manure and sheep manure increased the abundance and diversity of ARGs, with sheep manure particularly enhancing the abundance of ARGs conferring resistant to multidrug, quinolone, rifampicin, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLSB). Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids, transposases, and integrases, preferentially enhanced the potential mobility of some ARGs subtypes (i.e. sul2, aadA, qacH, and folp), facilitating the spread of ARGs. Additionally, sheep manure reshaped the bacterial community structure and composition as well as ARG hosts, some opportunistic pathogens (i.e. Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Pantoea) acquired antibiotic resistance and remained recalcitrant. It is concluded that rapeseed cake manure and sheep manure increased the co-occurrence of ARGs and MGEs, enriched the potential ARG hosts, and promoted the dissemination of ARGs in agricultural soils.202540633350
8431130.9302A quaternary ammonium salt grafted tannin-based flocculant boosts the conjugative transfer of plasmid-born antibiotic resistance genes: The nonnegligible side of their flocculation-sterilization properties. This study developed dual-function tannin-based flocculants, namely tannin-graft-acrylamide-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (TGCC-A/TGCC-C), endowed with enhanced flocculation-sterilization properties. The impacts of these flocculants on proliferation and transformation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) among bacteria during the flocculation-deposition process were examined. TGCC-A/TGCC-C exhibited remarkable flocculation capacities towards both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, encompassing a logarithmic range of initial cell density (10(8)-10(9) CFU/mL) and a broad pH spectrum (pH 2-11). The grafted quaternary ammonium salt groups played pivotal parts in flocculation through charge neutralization and bridging mechanisms, concurrently contributing to sterilization by disrupting cellular membranes. The correlation between flocculation and sterilization entails a sequential progression, where an excess of TGCC, initially employed for flocculation, is subsequently consumed for sterilization purposes. The frequencies of ARGs conjugative transfer were enhanced in bacterial flocs across all TGCC treatments, stemming from augmented bacterial aggregation and cell membrane permeability, elicited stress response, and up-regulated genes encoding plasmid transfer. These findings underscore the indispensable role of flocculation-sterilization effects in mediating the propagation of ARGs, consequently providing substantial support for the scientific evaluation of the environmental risks associated with flocculants in the context of ARGs dissemination during the treatment of raw water featuring high bacterial density.202337619725
9872140.9301pCTX-M3-Structure, Function, and Evolution of a Multi-Resistance Conjugative Plasmid of a Broad Recipient Range. pCTX-M3 is the archetypic member of the IncM incompatibility group of conjugative plasmids (recently referred to as IncM2). It is responsible for the worldwide dissemination of numerous antibiotic resistance genes, including those coding for extended-spectrum β-lactamases and conferring resistance to aminoglycosides. The IncM plasmids acquired during evolution diverse mobile genetic elements found in one or two multiple resistance regions, MRR(s), grouping antibiotic resistance genes as well as mobile genetic elements or their remnants. The IncM plasmids can be found in bacteria inhabiting various environments. The information on the structure and biology of pCTX-M3 is integrated in this review. It focuses on the functional modules of pCTX-M3 responsible for its replication, stable maintenance, and conjugative transfer, indicating that the host range of the pCTX-M3 replicon is limited to representatives of the family Enterobacteriaceae (Enterobacterales ord. nov.), while the range of recipients of its conjugation system is wide, comprising Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria, and also Firmicutes.202133925677
7932150.9300How multi-walled carbon nanotubes in wastewater influence the fate of coexisting antibiotic resistant genes in the subsequent disinfection process. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important hubs for the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Engineered nanoparticles, which was inevitably released to WWTPs, could change environmentally sensitive of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB). This would influence the fate of ARGs in subsequent disinfection process and consequent health risk. In this study, the ARGs fate of the effluent in conventional sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) disinfection process was investigated as multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) existed in sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The results showed the existence of MWCNTs in SBR could enhance the removal efficiency of intracellular 16S rRNA gene and intI1, extracellular intI1, sul2 and tetX in the effluent by NaClO. This is mainly due to the variation of bacterial physiological status, bacterial population structure and the activation of NaClO under the role of MWCNTs. MWCNTs in SBR could increase in membrane permeability of bacterial cells, which would be conducive to the penetration of chlorination to cytoplasm. MWCNTs in SBR also could change the bacterial population structure and induce the chlorine-sensitive bacteria; thus the potential hosts of ARGs in the effluent would be more easily inactivated by NaClO. Moreover, the residual MWCNTs in the effluent could activate NaClO to generate various free radical, which would enhance the oxidizing capacity of chlorination.202235500623
8545160.9300Role of anaerobic sludge digestion in handling antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes - A review. Currently, anaerobic sludge digestion (ASD) is considered not only for treating residual sewage sludge and energy recovery but also for the reduction of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The current review highlights the reasons why antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and ARGs exist in ASD and how ASD performs in the reduction of ARB and ARGs. ARGs and ARB have been detected in ASD with some reports indicating some of the ARGs can be completely removed during the ASD process, while other studies reported the enrichment of ARB and ARGs after ASD. This paper reviews the performance of ASD based on operational parameters as well as environmental chemistry. More studies are needed to improve the performance of ASD in reducing ARGs that are difficult to handle and also differentiate between extracellular (eARGs) and intracellular ARGs (iARGs) to achieve more accurate quantification of the ARGs.202133735726
8130170.9300Garden fruit chafer (Pachnoda sinuata L.) accelerates recycling and bioremediation of animal waste. Bioconversion of livestock wastes using insect larvae represents an emerging and effective strategy for waste management. However, knowledge on the role of the garden fruit chafer (Pachnoda sinuataL.) in waste recycling and influence on the diversity ofmicrobial community infrass fertilizeris limited. Here, we determined whether and to what extent the conversion of cattle dung into insect frass fertilizer byP. sinuatainfluences the frass' microbial community and its associated antibiotic resistance genes abundance. Pachnoda sinuata larvae were used to valorise cattle dung into frass fertilizer; samples were collected weekly to determine the composition of bacteria and fungi, and antibiotic resistant genes using molecular tools. Results revealed that bioconversion of cattle dung byP. sinuatalarvae significantly increased the richness of beneficial bacteria in the frass fertilizer by 2.5-folds within 28 days, but fungal richness did not vary during the study. Treatment of cattle dung withP. sinuatalarvae caused 2 - 3-folds decrease in the genes conferring resistance to commonly used antibiotics such as aminoglycoside, diaminopyrimidine, multidrug, sulfonamide and tetracycline within 14 days. Furthermore, the recycling cattle dung using considerably reduced the abundance of mobile genetic elements known to play critical roles in the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between organisms. This studyhighlights the efficiency ofsaprohytic insects in recycling animal manure and suppressing manure-borne pathogens in the organic fertilizer products, opening new market opportunities for innovative and safe bio-based products and achieving efficient resource utilization in a circular and green economy.202437989012
8052180.9300Removal of chloramphenicol and resistance gene changes in electric-integrated vertical flow constructed wetlands. The performance of an electric-integrated vertical flow constructed wetland (E-VFCW) for chloramphenicol (CAP) removal, changes in microbial community structure, and the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were evaluated. CAP removal in the E-VFCW system was 92.73% ± 0.78% (planted) and 90.80% ± 0.61% (unplanted), both were higher than the control system which was 68.17% ± 1.27%. The contribution of anaerobic cathodic chambers in CAP removal was higher than the aerobic anodic chambers. Plant physiochemical indicators in the reactor revealed electrical stimulation increased oxidase activity. Electrical stimulation enhanced the enrichment of ARGs in the electrode layer of the E-VFCW system (except floR). Plant ARGs and intI1 levels were higher in the E-VFCW than in the control system, suggesting electrical stimulation induces plants to absorb ARGs, reducing ARGs in the wetland. The distribution of intI1 and sul1 genes in plants suggests that horizontal transfer may be the main mechanism dispersing ARGs in plants. High throughput sequencing analysis revealed electrical stimulation selectively enriched CAP degrading functional bacteria (Geobacter and Trichlorobacter). Quantitative correlation analysis between bacterial communities and ARGs confirmed the abundance of ARGs relates to the distribution of potential hosts and mobile genetic elements (intI1). E-VFCW is effective in treating antibiotic wastewater, however ARGs potentially accumulate.202337196621
7019190.9299Fate, mobility and pathogenicity of antibiotic resistome in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant: Highlighting the chlorination risks. Drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) serve as the last barrier in preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into tap water, yet the distribution and dissemination mechanisms of ARGs in DWTPs remain unclear. In this study, the antibiotic resistome of a full-scale DWTP using Nansi Lake (an important node of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project's eastern route, China) as water source was investigated based on metagenomic analysis. The results showed that coagulation and chlorination were the two crucial processes increasing the relative abundance of ARGs in the DWTP, and the former predominantly enhanced that of sulfonamide RGs, while the latter increased that of bacitracin, aminoglycoside and multidrug RGs. ARG hosts and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) both played significant roles in ARG compositions. The persistence of Sphingorhabdus during the conventional treatment stages and the dissemination potential of plasmids accounted for the relative abundance of sulfonamide RGs, while the chlorine and multidrug resistance of Acinetobacter, Acidovorax, and Pseudomonas, along with the coexistence of various MGEs, suggested the persistence and transmission risk of ARGs after chlorination. Ozonation and activated carbon filtration could eliminate some human-pathogenic bacteria (HPB), but the chlorination process significantly increased the relative abundance of HPB. The multidrug-resistant HPB such as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Acinetobacter haemolyticus were the key targets for risk control in the DWTP. Our findings provide new insights into the fate, mobility, and pathogenicity of ARGs in a typical DWTP, offering beneficial guidance for decision-making in the risk control of ARGs in DWTPs.202540587929