# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 2510 | 0 | 0.9949 | Diagnosis of Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens of Pneumonia. Hospital-acquired pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia that are caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens represent a common and severe problem with increased mortality. Accurate diagnosis is essential to initiate appropriate antimicrobial therapy promptly while simultaneously avoiding antibiotic overuse and subsequent antibiotic resistance. Here, we discuss the main conventional phenotypic diagnostic tests and the advanced molecular tests that are currently available to diagnose the primary MDR pathogens and the resistance genes causing pneumonia. | 2021 | 34943524 |
| 9810 | 1 | 0.9949 | Drug-resistant bacteria in the critically ill: patterns and mechanisms of resistance and potential remedies. Antimicrobial resistance in the intensive care unit is an ongoing global healthcare concern associated with high mortality and morbidity rates and high healthcare costs. Select groups of bacterial pathogens express different mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance. Clinicians face challenges in managing patients with multidrug-resistant bacteria in the form of a limited pool of available antibiotics, slow and potentially inaccurate conventional diagnostic microbial modalities, mimicry of non-infective conditions with infective syndromes, and the confounding of the clinical picture of organ dysfunction associated with sepsis with postoperative surgical complications such as hemorrhage and fluid shifts. Potential remedies for antimicrobial resistance include specific surveillance, adequate and systematic antibiotic stewardship, use of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic techniques of therapy, and antimicrobial monitoring and adequate employment of infection control policies. Novel techniques of combating antimicrobial resistance include the use of aerosolized antibiotics for lung infections, the restoration of gut microflora using fecal transplantation, and orally administered probiotics. Newer antibiotics are urgently needed as part of the armamentarium against multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this review we discuss mechanisms and patterns of microbial resistance in a select group of drug-resistant bacteria, and preventive and remedial measures for combating antibiotic resistance in the critically ill. | 2023 | 39816646 |
| 5103 | 2 | 0.9948 | Revolutionising bacteriology to improve treatment outcomes and antibiotic stewardship. LABORATORY INVESTIGATION OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS GENERALLY TAKES TWO DAYS: one to grow the bacteria and another to identify them and to test their susceptibility. Meanwhile the patient is treated empirically, based on likely pathogens and local resistance rates. Many patients are over-treated to prevent under-treatment of a few, compromising antibiotic stewardship. Molecular diagnostics have potential to improve this situation by accelerating precise diagnoses and the early refinement of antibiotic therapy. They include: (i) the use of 'biomarkers' to swiftly distinguish patients with bacterial infection, and (ii) molecular bacteriology to identify pathogens and their resistance genes in clinical specimens, without culture. Biomarker interest centres on procalcitonin, which has given good results particularly for pneumonias, though broader biomarker arrays may prove superior in the future. PCRs already are widely used to diagnose a few infections (e.g. tuberculosis) whilst multiplexes are becoming available for bacteraemia, pneumonia and gastrointestinal infection. These detect likely pathogens, but are not comprehensive, particularly for resistance genes; there is also the challenge of linking pathogens and resistance genes when multiple organisms are present in a sample. Next-generation sequencing offers more comprehensive profiling, but obstacles include sensitivity when the bacterial load is low, as in bacteraemia, and the imperfect correlation of genotype and phenotype. In short, rapid molecular bacteriology presents great potential to improve patient treatments and antibiotic stewardship but faces many technical challenges; moreover it runs counter to the current nostrum of defining resistance in pharmacodynamic terms, rather than by the presence of a mechanism, and the policy of centralising bacteriology services. | 2013 | 24265945 |
| 5068 | 3 | 0.9948 | Ultrasensitive Label-Free Detection of Unamplified Multidrug-Resistance Bacteria Genes with a Bimodal Waveguide Interferometric Biosensor. Infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria are becoming a major healthcare emergence with millions of reported cases every year and an increasing incidence of deaths. An advanced diagnostic platform able to directly detect and identify antimicrobial resistance in a faster way than conventional techniques could help in the adoption of early and accurate therapeutic interventions, limiting the actual negative impact on patient outcomes. With this objective, we have developed a new biosensor methodology using an ultrasensitive nanophotonic bimodal waveguide interferometer (BiMW), which allows a rapid and direct detection, without amplification, of two prevalent and clinically relevant Gram-negative antimicrobial resistance encoding sequences: the extended-spectrum betalactamase-encoding gene blaCTX-M-15 and the carbapenemase-encoding gene blaNDM-5 We demonstrate the extreme sensitivity and specificity of our biosensor methodology for the detection of both gene sequences. Our results show that the BiMW biosensor can be employed as an ultrasensitive (attomolar level) and specific diagnostic tool for rapidly (less than 30 min) identifying drug resistance. The BiMW nanobiosensor holds great promise as a powerful tool for the control and management of healthcare-associated infections by multidrug-resistant bacteria. | 2020 | 33086716 |
| 4885 | 4 | 0.9947 | A Review of the Diagnostic Approaches for the Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance, Including the Role of Biosensors in Detecting Carbapenem Resistance Genes. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly growing global concern resulting from the overuse of antibiotics in both agricultural and clinical settings, the lack of surveillance for resistant bacteria, and the low quality of some available antimicrobial agents. Resistant pathogens are no longer susceptible to common clinical antimicrobials, which decreases the effectiveness of medicines used to treat infections caused by these organisms. Carbapenems are an important class of antibiotics due to their broad-spectrum effectiveness in treating infections caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Carbapenem-resistant bacteria have been found not only in healthcare but also in the environment and food supply chain, where they have the potential to spread to pathogens and infect humans and animals. Current methods of detecting AMR genes are expensive and time-consuming. While these methods, like polymerase chain reactions or whole-genome sequencing, are considered the "gold standard" for diagnostics, the development of inexpensive, rapid diagnostic assays is necessary for effective AMR detection and management. Biosensors have shown potential for success in diagnostic testing due to their ease of use, inexpensive materials, rapid results, and portable nature. Biosensors can be combined with nanomaterials to produce sensitive and easily interpretable results. This review presents an overview of carbapenem resistance, current and emerging detection methods of antimicrobial resistance, and the application of biosensors for rapid diagnostic testing for bacterial resistance. | 2025 | 40725449 |
| 9789 | 5 | 0.9947 | Nosocomial antibiotic resistance in multiple gram-negative species: experience at one hospital with squeezing the resistance balloon at multiple sites. Increased use of antibiotics has led to the isolation of multidrug-resistant bacteria, especially in intensive care units and long-term care facilities. Resistance in specific gram-negative bacteria, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is of great concern, because a growing number of reports have documented mechanisms whereby these microorganisms have become resistant to all available antibacterial agents used in therapy. Reduction in the selection of these multidrug-resistant bacteria can be accomplished by a combination of several strategies. These include having an understanding of the genetics of both innate and acquired characteristics of bacteria; knowing resistance potentials for specific antibacterials; monitoring resistance trends in bacteria designated as problematic organisms within a particular institution on a routine basis; modifying antibiotic formularies when and where needed; creating institutional education programs; and enforcing strict infection-control practices. Strategies appropriate for primary prevention of nosocomial resistance may differ from those required for control of existing epidemic or endemic resistance. | 2002 | 11797177 |
| 9808 | 6 | 0.9947 | Understanding Recent Developments in Colistin Resistance: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications, and Future Perspectives. Colistin resistance, driven by chromosomal mutations and the spread of plasmid-mediated MCR genes, has emerged as a critical challenge in combating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. This resistance compromises the efficacy of colistin, leading to higher treatment failure rates, prolonged hospitalizations, and increased mortality. Recent studies have highlighted key mechanisms, including lipid A modifications, that enable bacteria to evade colistin's effects. The global spread of MCR genes exacerbates the issue, underlining the need for improved diagnostics and rapid detection of resistant strains to prevent adverse patient outcomes. To combat this growing threat, a multifaceted approach is essential, involving enhanced antimicrobial stewardship, stricter infection control measures, and continued research into alternative therapies and diagnostic methods. Collaborative efforts from researchers, healthcare providers, policymakers, and the pharmaceutical industry are crucial to preserving colistin's effectiveness and mitigating the broader impact on public health. | 2025 | 41148650 |
| 9796 | 7 | 0.9947 | Bacteriophage therapy to combat MDR non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria causing nosocomial infections: recent progress and challenges. Clinicians face significant challenges in managing nosocomial infections, primarily due to antimicrobial resistance in multidrug-resistant bacteria. Regardless of the availability of a wide range of antimicrobials in the market, resistance is escalating rampantly with every passing day, which has become a global concern. Hence, it is essential to discover new and more efficient techniques to eliminate pathogens from healthcare settings. Along with eliminating pathogenic bacteria, mitigating their antimicrobial resistance with novel methods is very essential. Recently, bacteriophages have re-emerged as a promising therapeutic alternative to treat serious infections caused by bacterial pathogens. Bacteriophages were discovered for the first time a century ago, but their usage has recently regained more attention in treating bacterial pathogens. Bacteriophages also help in mitigating the worldwide problem of antibiotic resistance, particularly augmented by Gram-negative bacteria. This review discussed the advancements in the usage of bacteriophages in combating the antimicrobial resistance of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, with a prime focus on Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), which are renowned non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) pathogens. Additionally, the effects of single phage, phage cocktails, and combination therapy with antibiotics on bacterial biofilms and polymicrobial biofilms are also discussed. | 2025 | 40478338 |
| 4886 | 8 | 0.9946 | Molecular diagnostics for genotypic detection of antibiotic resistance: current landscape and future directions. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacteria is an escalating public health emergency that has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. When making antibiotic treatment decisions, clinicians rely heavily on determination of antibiotic susceptibility or resistance by the microbiology laboratory, but conventional methods often take several days to identify AMR. There are now several commercially available molecular methods that detect antibiotic resistance genes within hours rather than days. While these methods have limitations, they offer promise for optimizing treatment and patient outcomes, and reducing further emergence of AMR. This review provides an overview of commercially available genotypic assays that detect individual resistance genes and/or resistance-associated mutations in a variety of specimen types and discusses how clinical outcomes studies may be used to demonstrate clinical utility of such diagnostics. | 2023 | 36816746 |
| 4888 | 9 | 0.9946 | A Review of Carbapenem Resistance in Enterobacterales and Its Detection Techniques. Infectious disease outbreaks have caused thousands of deaths and hospitalizations, along with severe negative global economic impacts. Among these, infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms are a major growing concern. The misuse and overuse of antimicrobials have resulted in the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are among the bacteria that need urgent attention globally. The emergence and spread of carbapenem-resistant bacteria are mainly due to the rapid dissemination of genes that encode carbapenemases through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). The rapid dissemination enables the development of host colonization and infection cases in humans who do not use the antibiotic (carbapenem) or those who are hospitalized but interacting with environments and hosts colonized with carbapenemase-producing (CP) bacteria. There are continuing efforts to characterize and differentiate carbapenem-resistant bacteria from susceptible bacteria to allow for the appropriate diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of infections. This review presents an overview of the factors that cause the emergence of AMR, particularly CRE, where they have been reported, and then, it outlines carbapenemases and how they are disseminated through humans, the environment, and food systems. Then, current and emerging techniques for the detection and surveillance of AMR, primarily CRE, and gaps in detection technologies are presented. This review can assist in developing prevention and control measures to minimize the spread of carbapenem resistance in the human ecosystem, including hospitals, food supply chains, and water treatment facilities. Furthermore, the development of rapid and affordable detection techniques is helpful in controlling the negative impact of infections caused by AMR/CRE. Since delays in diagnostics and appropriate antibiotic treatment for such infections lead to increased mortality rates and hospital costs, it is, therefore, imperative that rapid tests be a priority. | 2023 | 37374993 |
| 8175 | 10 | 0.9946 | Role of Nanocarrier Systems in Drug Delivery for Overcoming Multi-Drug Resistance in Bacteria. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have risen alarmingly in the last few decades, posing a serious threat to human health. The need for effective bacterial resistance treatment is urgent and unmet due to the rise in morbidity and mortality that has coincided with the prevalence of infections caused by MDR bacteria. Using its creative and unconventional methods, effective antibiotics for MDR bacteria could be developed using nanomedicine techniques. To combat microbial resistance, a number of strategies have been developed, including the use of natural bactericides, the introduction of fresh antibiotics, the application of combination therapy and the creation of NP-based antibiotic nanocarriers. The absence of novel antibacterial agents has worsened the situation for MDR bacteria. Ineffective antibiotics used to treat MDR bacteria also contribute to the bacteria's tolerance growing. Nanoparticles (NPs) are the most efficient method for eliminating MDR bacteria because they serve as both carriers of natural antibiotics and antimicrobials and active agents against bacteria. Additionally, surface engineering of nanocarriers has important benefits for focusing on and modifying a variety of resistance mechanisms. The use of nanocarrier systems in drug delivery for overcoming bacterial resistance is covered in this review along with various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance. | 2023 | 37480270 |
| 8176 | 11 | 0.9946 | Overcoming Multidrug Resistance in Bacteria Through Antibiotics Delivery in Surface-Engineered Nano-Cargos: Recent Developments for Future Nano-Antibiotics. In the recent few decades, the increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria has reached an alarming rate and caused serious health problems. The incidence of infections due to MDR bacteria has been accompanied by morbidity and mortality; therefore, tackling bacterial resistance has become an urgent and unmet challenge to be properly addressed. The field of nanomedicine has the potential to design and develop efficient antimicrobials for MDR bacteria using its innovative and alternative approaches. The uniquely constructed nano-sized antimicrobials have a predominance over traditional antibiotics because their small size helps them in better interaction with bacterial cells. Moreover, surface engineering of nanocarriers offers significant advantages of targeting and modulating various resistance mechanisms, thus owe superior qualities for overcoming bacterial resistance. This review covers different mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, application of nanocarrier systems in drug delivery, functionalization of nanocarriers, application of functionalized nanocarriers for overcoming bacterial resistance, possible limitations of nanocarrier-based approach for antibacterial delivery, and future of surface-functionalized antimicrobial delivery systems. | 2021 | 34307323 |
| 2516 | 12 | 0.9946 | Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) in ICUs: resistance genes, therapeutics, and prevention - a comprehensive review. Intensive care units (ICUs) are specialized environments dedicated to the management of critically ill patients, who are particularly susceptible to drug-resistant bacteria. Among these, carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB) pose a significant threat endangering the lives of ICU patients. Carbapenemase production is a key resistance mechanism in CR-GNB, with the transfer of resistance genes contributing to the extensive emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). CR-GNB infections are widespread in ICUs, highlighting an urgent need for prevention and control measures to reduce mortality rates associated with CR-GNB transmission or infection. This review provides an overview of key aspects surrounding CR-GNB within ICUs. We examine the mechanisms of bacterial drug resistance, the resistance genes that frequently occur with CR-GNB infections in ICU, and the therapeutic options against carbapenemase genotypes. Additionally, we highlight crucial preventive measures to impede the transmission and spread of CR-GNB within ICUs, along with reviewing the advances made in the field of clinical predictive modeling research, which hold excellent potential for practical application. | 2024 | 38601497 |
| 4852 | 13 | 0.9945 | Recent trends in antibiotic resistance in European ICUs. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging problem in ICUs worldwide. As numbers of published results from national/international surveillance studies rise rapidly, the amount of new information may be overwhelming. Therefore, we reviewed recent trends in antibiotic resistance in ICUs across Europe in the past 18 months. RECENT FINDINGS: In this period, infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus appeared to stabilize (and even decrease) in some countries, and infection rates due to Gram-positive bacteria resistant to vancomycin, linezolid or daptomycin have remained low. In contrast, we are witnessing a continent-wide emergence of infections caused by multiresistant Gram-negative bacteria, especially Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with easily exchangeable resistance genes located on plasmids, producing enzymes such as extended spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenamases. In the absence of new antibiotics, prevention of infections, reducing unnecessary antibiotic use, optimizing adherence to universal hygienic and infection control measures, and improving implementation of diagnostic tests are our only tools to combat this threat. SUMMARY: As the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in ICUs is rapidly changing toward more frequently occurring epidemics and endemicity of multi and panresistant Gram-negative pathogens, better infection control and improved diagnostics will become even more important than before. | 2011 | 21986462 |
| 4889 | 14 | 0.9945 | The Challenge of Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance in Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria: "Attack on Titan". The global burden of bacterial resistance remains one of the most serious public health concerns. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in critically ill patients require immediate empirical treatment, which may not only be ineffective due to the resistance of MDR bacteria to multiple classes of antibiotics, but may also contribute to the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Both the WHO and the ECDC consider carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) to be the highest priority. The ability to form biofilm and the acquisition of multiple drug resistance genes, in particular to carbapenems, have made these pathogens particularly difficult to treat. They are a growing cause of healthcare-associated infections and a significant threat to public health, associated with a high mortality rate. Moreover, co-colonization with these pathogens in critically ill patients was found to be a significant predictor for in-hospital mortality. Importantly, they have the potential to spread resistance using mobile genetic elements. Given the current situation, it is clear that finding new ways to combat antimicrobial resistance can no longer be delayed. The aim of this review was to evaluate the literature on how these pathogens contribute to the global burden of AMR. The review also highlights the importance of the rational use of antibiotics and the need to implement antimicrobial stewardship principles to prevent the transmission of drug-resistant organisms in healthcare settings. Finally, the review discusses the advantages and limitations of alternative therapies for the treatment of infections caused by these "titans" of antibiotic resistance. | 2023 | 37630472 |
| 8160 | 15 | 0.9945 | Quorum Sensing in Gram-Negative Bacteria: Strategies to Overcome Antibiotic Resistance in Ocular Infections. Truly miraculous medications and antibiotics have helped save untold millions of lives. Antibiotic resistance, however, is a significant issue related to health that jeopardizes the effectiveness of antibiotics and could harm everyone's health. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become antibiotic-resistant. Bacteria use quorum-sensing communication routes to manage an assortment of physiological exercises. Quorum sensing is significant for appropriate biofilm development. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria establish a biofilm on a surface, shielding them from the effects of infection-fighting drugs. Acylated homoserine lactones are used as autoinducers by gram-negative microscopic organisms to impart. However, antibiotic resistance among ocular pathogens is increasing worldwide. Bacteria are a significant contributor to ocular infections around the world. Gram-negative microscopic organisms are dangerous to ophthalmic tissues. This review highlights the use of elective drug targets and treatments, for example, combinational treatment, to vanquish antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Also, it briefly portrays anti-biotic resistance brought about by gram-negative bacteria and approaches to overcome resistance with the help of quorum sensing inhibitors and nanotechnology as a promising medication conveyance approach to give insurance of anti-microbials and improve pathways for the administration of inhibitors of quorum sensing with a blend of anti-microbials to explicit target destinations and penetration through biofilms for treatment of ocular infections. It centres on the methodologies to sidestep the confinements of ocular anti-biotic delivery with new visual innovation. | 2024 | 37497706 |
| 6691 | 16 | 0.9945 | The antimicrobial resistance monitoring and research (ARMoR) program: the US Department of Defense response to escalating antimicrobial resistance. Responding to escalating antimicrobial resistance (AMR), the US Department of Defense implemented an enterprise-wide collaboration, the Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Research Program, to aid in infection prevention and control. It consists of a network of epidemiologists, bioinformaticists, microbiology researchers, policy makers, hospital-based infection preventionists, and healthcare providers who collaborate to collect relevant AMR data, conduct centralized molecular characterization, and use AMR characterization feedback to implement appropriate infection prevention and control measures and influence policy. A particularly concerning type of AMR, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, significantly declined after the program was launched. Similarly, there have been no further reports or outbreaks of another concerning type of AMR, colistin resistance in Acinetobacter, in the Department of Defense since the program was initiated. However, bacteria containing AMR-encoding genes are increasing. To update program stakeholders and other healthcare systems facing such challenges, we describe the processes and impact of the program. | 2014 | 24795331 |
| 6650 | 17 | 0.9945 | Antibiotic resistance is never going to go away. No matter how many drugs we throw at it, no matter how much money and resources are sacrificed to wage a war on resistance, it will always prevail. Humans are forced to coexist with the fact of antibiotic resistance. Public health officials, clinicians, and scientists must find effective ways to cope with antibiotic resistant bacteria harmful to humans and animals and to control the development of new types of resistance. The American Academy of Microbiology convened a colloquium October 12–14, 2008, to discuss antibiotic resistance and the factors that influence the development and spread of resistance. Participants, whose areas of expertise included medicine, microbiology, and public health, made specific recommendations for needed research, policy development, a surveillance network, and treatment guidelines. Antibiotic resistance issues specific to the developing world were discussed and recommendations for improvements were made. Each antibiotic is injurious only to a certain segment of the microbial world, so for a given antibacterial there are some species of bacteria that are susceptible and others not. Bacterial species insusceptible to a particular drug are “naturally resistant.” Species that were once sensitive but eventually became resistant to it are said to have “acquired resistance.” It is important to note that “acquired resistance” affects a subset of strains in the entire species; that is why the prevalence of “acquired resistance” in a species is different according to location. Antibiotic resistance, the acquired ability of a pathogen to withstand an antibiotic that kills off its sensitive counterparts, originally arises from random mutations in existing genes or from intact genes that already serve a similar purpose. Exposure to antibiotics and other antimicrobial products, whether in the human body, in animals, or the environment, applies selective pressure that encourages resistance to emerge favoring both “naturally resistant” strains and strains which have “acquired resistance.” Horizontal gene transfer, in which genetic information is passed between microbes, allows resistance determinants to spread within harmless environmental or commensal microorganisms and pathogens, thus creating a reservoir of resistance. Resistance is also spread by the replication of microbes that carry resistance genes, a process that produces genetically identical (or clonal) progeny. Rapid diagnostic methods and surveillance are some of the most valuable tools in preventing the spread of resistance. Access to more rapid diagnostic tests that could determine the causative agent and antibiotic susceptibility of infections would inform better decision making with respect to antibiotic use, help slow the selection of resistant strains in clinical settings, and enable better disease surveillance. A rigorous surveillance network to track the evolution and spread of resistance is also needed and would probably result in significant savings in healthcare. Developing countries face unique challenges when it comes to antibiotic resistance; chief among them may be the wide availability of antibiotics without a prescription and also counterfeit products of dubious quality. Lack of adequate hygiene, poor water quality, and failure to manage human waste also top the list. Recommendations for addressing the problems of widespread resistance in the developing world include: proposals for training and infrastructure capacity building; surveillance programs; greater access to susceptibility testing; government controls on import, manufacture and use; development and use of vaccines; and incentives for pharmaceutical companies to supply drugs to these countries. Controlling antibiotic resistant bacteria and subsequent infections more efficiently necessitates the prudent and responsible use of antibiotics. It is mandatory to prevent the needless use of antibiotics (e.g., viral infections; unnecessary prolonged treatment) and to improve the rapid prescription of appropriate antibiotics to a patient. Delayed or inadequate prescriptions reduce the efficacy of treatment and favor the spread of the infection. Prudent use also applies to veterinary medicine. For example, antibiotics used as “growth promoters” have been banned in Europe and are subject to review in some other countries. There are proven techniques for limiting the spread of resistance, including hand hygiene, but more rapid screening techniques are needed in order to effectively track and prevent spread in clinical settings. The spread of antibiotic resistance on farms and in veterinary hospitals may also be significant and should not be neglected. Research is needed to pursue alternative approaches, including vaccines, antisense therapy, public health initiatives, and others. The important messages about antibiotic resistance are not getting across from scientists and infectious diseases specialists to prescribers, stakeholders, including the public, healthcare providers, and public officials. Innovative and effective communication initiatives are needed, as are carefully tailored messages for each of the stakeholder groups. | 2009 | 32644325 |
| 8161 | 18 | 0.9945 | Integrative strategies against multidrug-resistant bacteria: Synthesizing novel antimicrobial frontiers for global health. Concerningly, multidrug-resistant bacteria have emerged as a prime worldwide trouble, obstructing the treatment of infectious diseases and causing doubts about the therapeutic accidentalness of presently existing drugs. Novel antimicrobial interventions deserve development as conventional antibiotics are incapable of keeping pace with bacteria evolution. Various promising approaches to combat MDR infections are discussed in this review. Antimicrobial peptides are examined for their broad-spectrum efficacy and reduced ability to develop resistance, while phage therapy may be used under extreme situations when antibiotics fail. In addition, the possibility of CRISPR-Cas systems for specifically targeting and eradicating resistance genes from bacterial populations will be explored. Nanotechnology has opened up the route to improve the delivery system of the drug itself, increasing the efficacy and specificity of antimicrobial action while protecting its host. Discovering potential antimicrobial agents is an exciting prospect through developments in synthetic biology and the rediscovery of natural product-based medicines. Moreover, host-directed therapies are now becoming popular as an adjunct to the main strategies of therapeutics without specifically targeting pathogens. Although these developments appear impressive, questions about production scaling, regulatory approvals, safety, and efficacy for clinical employment still loom large. Thus, tackling the MDR burden requires a multi-pronged plan, integrating newer treatment modalities with existing antibiotic regimens, enforcing robust stewardship initiatives, and effecting policy changes at the global level. The international health community can gird itself against the growing menace of antibiotic resistance if collaboration between interdisciplinary bodies and sustained research endeavours is encouraged. In this study, we evaluate the synergistic potential of combining various medicines in addition to summarizing recent advancements. To rethink antimicrobial stewardship in the future, we provide a multi-tiered paradigm that combines pathogen-focused and host-directed strategies. | 2025 | 40914328 |
| 9184 | 19 | 0.9945 | Unlocking the potential of phages: Innovative approaches to harnessing bacteriophages as diagnostic tools for human diseases. Phages, viruses that infect bacteria, have been explored as promising tools for the detection of human disease. By leveraging the specificity of phages for their bacterial hosts, phage-based diagnostic tools can rapidly and accurately detect bacterial infections in clinical samples. In recent years, advances in genetic engineering and biotechnology have enabled the development of more sophisticated phage-based diagnostic tools, including those that express reporter genes or enzymes, or target specific virulence factors or antibiotic resistance genes. However, despite these advancements, there are still challenges and limitations to the use of phage-based diagnostic tools, including concerns over phage safety and efficacy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of phage-based diagnostic tools, including their advantages, limitations, and potential for future development. By addressing these issues, we hope to contribute to the ongoing efforts to develop safe and effective phage-based diagnostic tools for the detection of human disease. | 2023 | 37770168 |