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546500.9639The genotypic characterization of Streptococcus pluranimalium from aborted bovine fetuses in British Columbia, Canada. INTRODUCTION: Bovine abortions result in significant economic losses to dairy producers, and bacteria are among the most common causes of these abortions. In 2021, Streptococcus pluranimalium was isolated from a dairy abortion case for the first time in British Columbia (BC), Canada. This bacterium has previously been recovered from the reproductive tracts of dairy cattle and various other species, including humans. METHODS: Between 2021 and 2023, S. pluranimalium was isolated from the placenta, fetal lung, and/or fetal abomasal contents of 10 aborted dairy fetuses submitted for routine abortion diagnostics. This study was conducted to better characterize the genotype of these 10 isolates. The histopathology of the bovine abortions was examined, and the BC strains were sequenced using Nanopore technology and underwent bioinformatic analysis. RESULTS: The BC strains had an average genome size of 2,313,582 base pairs and an average GC content of 38.59%. Based on whole genome phylogeny, the BC strains were clustered together and distinctly separated from other publicly available strains of this species from different regions and isolation sources. Through Clusters of Orthologous Groups analysis, the BC strains contained a larger proportion of genes associated with the mobilome. Additionally, although we identified only a few antibiotic resistance genes or virulence factors (VFs) in these strains, several of these genes were located within prophage sequences. DISCUSSION: Although the clinical and pathological significance of these bacteria in most abortion cases remains unclear, our findings underscore the importance of continued surveillance and research into uncommon pathogens to better understand their biology and potential impact on human and animal health.202540574982
521310.9636Draft genome sequences of Limosilactobacillus fermentum IJAL 01 335, isolated from a traditional cereal fermented dough. Limosilactobacillus fermentum IJAL 01 335 was isolated from mawè, a spontaneously fermented cereal dough from Benin. The 1.83 Mb draft genome sequence (52.37% GC) comprises 154 contigs, 1,836 coding sequences, and 23 predicted antibiotic resistance genes, providing insights into its genetic features and potential application in food fermentation.202541170963
122320.9626Characterization of Escherichia coli virulence genes, pathotypes and antibiotic resistance properties in diarrheic calves in Iran. BACKGROUND: Calf diarrhea is a major economic concern in bovine industry all around the world. This study was carried out in order to investigate distribution of virulence genes, pathotypes, serogroups and antibiotic resistance properties of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic calves. RESULTS: Totally, 76.45% of 824 diarrheic fecal samples collected from Isfahan, Chaharmahal, Fars and Khuzestan provinces, Iran were positive for E. coli and all of them were also positive for cnf2, hlyA, cdtIII, f17c, lt, st, stx1, eae, ehly, stx2 and cnf1 virulence genes. Chaharmahal had the highest prevalence of STEC (84.61%), while Isfahan had the lowest (71.95%). E. coli serogroups had the highest frequency in 1-7 days old calves and winter season. Distribution of ETEC, EHEC, AEEC and NTEC pathotypes among E. coli isolates were 28.41%, 5.07%, 29.52% and 3.49%, respectively. Statistical analyses were significant for presence of bacteria between various seasons and ages. All isolates had the high resistance to penicillin (100%), streptomycin (98.25%) and tetracycline (98.09%) antibiotics. The most commonly detected resistance genes were aadA1, sul1, aac[3]-IV, CITM, and dfrA1. The most prevalent serogroup among STEC was O26. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings should raise awareness about antibiotic resistance in diarrheic calves in Iran. Clinicians should exercise caution when prescribing antibiotics.201425052999
133230.9625First study on capsular serotypes and virulence factors of Pasteurella multocida isolates from Phan Rang sheep in Vietnam. BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pasteurella multocida is considered as a main factor mediating pneumonic pasteurellosis in ruminants, including sheep. It is also a current threat to Phan Rang sheep in Vietnam. This study aimed to characterize P. multocida isolated from Phan Rang sheep, their antibiotic resistance profile, and the prevalence of some virulence-associated genes of these strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bacteria were isolated on brain heart infusion, 10% sheep blood agar plates, and screened by biochemical tests. The polymerase chain reaction technique was used with specific primers to identify P. multocida, the presence of virulence-associated genes, and serotypes of isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm formation of isolates were examined using the disk diffusion method and crystal violet-based method, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 41 P. multocida strains were isolated from 485 samples from clinically sick and healthy sheep. Of the isolates, 58.53% were serotype A, 9.75% were serotype B, and 31.71% were serotype D. Healthy animals were infected with serotype D only. All 15 virulence genes were identified in all strains isolated from clinically sick sheep, while strains isolated from healthy sheep carried 11/15 virulence genes tested. Among virulence-associated genes exbB, exbD, tonB, ompA, oma87, fimA, hgbA, and nanB were detected in over 90% of isolates, whereas hgbB, nanH, tbpA and pfhA were less frequent. Interestingly, pmHAS and tadD were highly prevalent in capsular type A strains, whereas the toxA gene was detected in capsular type D strains only. All of the isolated strains were fully susceptible to enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, neomycin, and ofloxacin. About 92.68% were susceptible to chloramphenicol and 90.24% to amikacin, but there was high resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin. Our results reveal that 53.65% of 41 isolates could produce biofilm, whereas 46.34% could not. CONCLUSION: Pasteurella multocida from Phan Rang sheep possess many virulence genes and resistance to several common antibiotics such as erythromycin, tetracycline, and amoxicillin. The results are an important warning regarding antibiotic resistance of P. multocida.202337042011
125340.9625Phenotypic and Genotypic Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Genotyping of vacA, cagA, iceA, oipA, cagE, and babA2 Alleles of Helicobacter pylori Bacteria Isolated from Raw Meat. BACKGROUND: Foodstuffs with animal origins, particularly meat, are likely reservoirs of Helicobacter pylori. PURPOSE: An existing survey was accompanied to assess phenotypic and genotypic profiles of antibiotic resistance and genotyping of vacA, cagA, cagE, iceA, oipA, and babA2 alleles amongst the H. pylori bacteria recovered from raw meat. METHODS: Six-hundred raw meat samples were collected and cultured. H. pylori isolates were tested using disk diffusion and PCR identification of antibiotic resistance genes and genotyping. RESULTS: Fifty-two out of 600 (8.66%) raw meat samples were contaminated with H. pylori. Raw ovine meat (13.07%) had the uppermost contamination. H. pylori bacteria displayed the uppermost incidence of resistance toward tetracycline (82.69%), erythromycin (80.76%), trimethoprim (65.38%), levofloxacin (63.46%), and amoxicillin (63.46%). All H. pylori bacteria had at least resistance toward one antibiotic, even though incidence of resistance toward more than eight antibiotics was 28.84%. Total distribution of rdxA, pbp1A, gyrA, and cla antibiotic resistance genes were 59.61%, 51.92%, 69.23%, and 65.38%, respectively. VacA s1a (84.61%), s2 (76.92%), m1a (50%), m2 (39.13%), iceA1 (38.46%), and cagA (55.76%) were the most generally perceived alleles. S1am1a (63.46%), s2m1a (53.84%), s1am2 (51.92%), and s2m2 (42.30%) were the most generally perceived genotyping patterns. Frequency of cagA-, oipA-, and babA2- genotypes were 44.23%, 73.07%, and 80.76%, respectively. A total of 196 combined genotyping patterns were also perceived. CONCLUSION: The role of raw meat, particularly ovine meat, in transmission of virulent and resistant H. pylori bacteria was determined. VacA and cagA genotypes had the higher incidence. CagE-, babA2-, and oipA- H. pylori bacteria had the higher distribution. Supplementary surveys are compulsory to originate momentous relations between distribution of genotypes, antibiotic resistance, and antibiotic resistance genes.202032099418
133150.9621Serotypes, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes of Salmonella in children with diarrhea. BACKGROUND: Salmonella is an important foodborne pathogen that causes acute diarrhea in humans worldwide. This study analyzed the relationships of serotypes and antibiotic resistance with virulence genes of Salmonella isolated from children with salmonellosis. METHODS: Serological typing was performed using the slide-agglutination method. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to test antibiotic susceptibility. Twenty virulence genes were detected by PCR. RESULTS: Salmonella Typhimurium (21 isolates, 34.43%) and S Enteritidis (12 isolates, 19.67%) were the predominant species among the 61 isolates. Ampicillin resistance was most common (63.93%), and among the cephalosporins, resistance was most often found to cefotaxime, a third-generation cephalosporin (19.67%). Among the 20 virulence genes, prgH, ssrB, and pagC were detected in all Salmonella isolates. In S Typhimurium, the detection rates of hilA, sipB, marT, mgtC, sopB, pagN, nlpI, bapA, oafA, and tolC were high. In S Enteritidis, the detection rates of icmF, spvB, spvR, and pefA were high. Nitrofurantoin resistance was negatively correlated with the virulence gene bapA (P = .005) and was positively correlated with icmF, spvB, spvR, and pefA (P = .012, .008, .002, and .005, respectively), The P values between all other virulence genes and antibiotic resistance were >.05. CONCLUSION: Salmonella Typhimurium and S Enteritidis were the main serotypes in children with diarrhea in Hangzhou, China. Salmonella exhibited a high level of resistance to common antibiotics, and a high rate of bacteria carrying virulence genes was observed. However, no significant correlation was found between virulence genes and resistance to common antibiotics.202032797660
125460.9619Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from recurrent tonsillitis in children. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in the tonsils of children subjected tonsillectomy due to recurrent tonsilitis and to determine the spa types of the pathogens, carriage of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance profiles. The study included 73 tonsillectomized children. Bacteria, including S. aureus were isolated from tonsillar surface prior to tonsillectomy, recovered from tonsillar core at the time of the surgery, and from posterior pharynx 2-4 weeks after the procedure. Staphylococcus aureus isolates were compared by spa typing, tested for antimicrobial susceptibility and for the presence of superantigenic toxin genes (sea-seu, eta, etb, tst, lukS/lukF-PV) by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Seventy-three patients (mean 7.1 ± 4.1 years, 61.6% male) were assessed. The most commonly isolated bacteria were S. aureus. The largest proportion of staphylococcal isolates originated from tonsillar core (63%), followed by tonsillar surface (45.1%) and posterior pharynx in tonsillectomized children (18.2%, p = 0.007). Five (6.3%) isolates were identified as MRSA (mecA-positive). Up to 67.5% of the isolates synthesized penicillinases (blaZ-positive isolates), and 8.8% displayed MLS(B) resistance. The superantigenic toxin genes were detected in more than half of examined isolates (56.3%). spa types t091, t084, and t002, and clonal complexes (CCs) CC7, CC45, and CC30 turned out to be most common. Staphylococcus aureus associated with RT in children showed pathogenicity potential and considerable genetic diversity, and no clones were found to be specific for this condition although further studies are needed.202031692060
241070.9618Phenotypic and molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Trueperella pyogenes strains isolated from bovine mastitis and metritis. BACKGROUND: Trueperella pyogenes is one of the most clinically imperative bacteria responsible for severe cases of mastitis and metritis, particularly in postpartum dairy cows. The bacterium has emergence of antibiotic resistance and virulence characters. The existing research was done to apprise the phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of antibiotic resistance and characterization of virulence factors in the T. pyogenes bacteria of bovine mastitis and metritis in postpartum cows. METHODS: Two-hundred and twenty-six bovine mastitic milk and 172 uterine swabs were collected and transferred to laboratory. Samples were cultured and T. pyogenes isolates were subjected to disk diffusion and DNA extraction. Distribution of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes was studied by PCR. RESULTS: Thirty-two out of 226 (14.15%) mastitic milk and forty-one out of 172 (23.83%) uterine swab samples were positive for T. pyogenes. Isolates of mastitic milk harbored the highest prevalence of resistance toward gentamicin (100%), penicillin (100%), ampicillin (90.62%), amoxicillin (87.50%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (87.50%), while those of metritis harbored the highest prevalence of resistance toward ampicillin (100%), amoxicillin (100%), gentamicin (97.56%), penicillin (97.56%) and cefalexin (97.56%). AacC, aadA1, aadA2 and tetW were the most generally perceived antibiotic resistance genes. All bacteria harbored plo (100%) and fimA (100%) virulence factors. NanP, nanH, fimC and fimE were also the most generally perceived virulence factors. CONCLUSIONS: All bacteria harbored plo and fimA virulence factors which showed that they can use as specific genetic markers with their important roles in pathogenicity of T. pyogenes bacteria. Phenotypic pattern of antibiotic resistance was confirmed by genotypic characterization of antibiotic resistance genes.201931881834
538280.9618Characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes from Animal Clinical Specimens, Spain. Streptococcus pyogenes appears to be almost exclusively restricted to humans, with few reports on isolation from animals. We provide a detailed characterization (emm typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE], and multilocus sequence typing [MLST]) of 15 S. pyogenes isolates from animals associated with different clinical backgrounds. We also investigated erythromycin resistance mechanisms and phenotypes and virulence genes. We observed 2 emm types: emm12 (11 isolates) and emm77 (4 isolates). Similarly, we observed 2 genetic linages, sequence type (ST) 26 and ST63. Most isolates exhibited the M macrolide resistance phenotype and the mefA/ermB genotype. Isolates were grouped into 2 clones on the basis of emm-MLST-PFGE-virulence gene profile combinations: clone 1, characterized by the combined genotype emm12-ST36-pulsotype A-speG; and clone 2, characterized by the genotype emm77-ST63-pulsotype B-speC. Our results do not show conclusively that animals may represent a new reservoir of S. pyogenes but indicate the ability of human-derived S. pyogenes isolates to colonize and infect animals.201729148379
226990.9618Genomic detection of Panton-Valentine Leucocidins encoding genes, virulence factors and distribution of antiseptic resistance determinants among Methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates from patients attending regional referral hospitals in Tanzania. BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a formidable public scourge causing worldwide mild to severe life-threatening infections. The ability of this strain to swiftly spread, evolve, and acquire resistance genes and virulence factors such as pvl genes has further rendered this strain difficult to treat. Of concern, is a recently recognized ability to resist antiseptic/disinfectant agents used as an essential part of treatment and infection control practices. This study aimed at detecting the presence of pvl genes and determining the distribution of antiseptic resistance genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates through whole genome sequencing technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted across six regional referral hospitals-Dodoma, Songea, Kitete-Kigoma, Morogoro, and Tabora on the mainland, and Mnazi Mmoja from Zanzibar islands counterparts using the archived isolates of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The isolates were collected from Inpatients and Outpatients who attended these hospitals from January 2020 to Dec 2021. Bacterial analysis was carried out using classical microbiological techniques and whole genome sequencing (WGS) using the Illumina Nextseq 550 sequencer platform. Several bioinformatic tools were used, KmerFinder 3.2 was used for species identification, MLST 2.0 tool was used for Multilocus Sequence Typing and SCCmecFinder 1.2 was used for SCCmec typing. Virulence genes were detected using virulenceFinder 2.0, while resistance genes were detected by ResFinder 4.1, and phylogenetic relatedness was determined by CSI Phylogeny 1.4 tools. RESULTS: Out of the 80 MRSA isolates analyzed, 11 (14%) were found to harbor LukS-PV and LukF-PV, pvl-encoding genes in their genome; therefore pvl-positive MRSA. The majority (82%) of the MRSA isolates bearing pvl genes were also found to exhibit the antiseptic/disinfectant genes in their genome. Moreover, all (80) sequenced MRSA isolates were found to harbor SCCmec type IV subtype 2B&5. The isolates exhibited 4 different sequence types, ST8, ST88, ST789 and ST121. Notably, the predominant sequence type among the isolates was ST8 72 (90%). CONCLUSION: The notably high rate of antiseptic resistance particularly in the Methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains poses a significant challenge to infection control measures. The fact that some of these virulent strains harbor the LukS-PV and LukF-PV, the pvl encoding genes, highlight the importance of developing effective interventions to combat the spreading of these pathogenic bacterial strains. Certainly, strengthening antimicrobial resistance surveillance and stewardship will ultimately reduce the selection pressure, improve the patient's treatment outcome and public health in Tanzania.202539833938
2346100.9617Antibiotic resistance genes and molecular typing of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from pregnant women. BACKGROUND: The antibiotic resistance of genital tract colonizing Streptococcus agalactiae in pregnant women is increasing. We aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance genes of different clonal types of this bacterium in pregnant women. METHODS: Four hundred twenty non-repeated vaginal and rectal specimens were collected from pregnant women and were transferred to the laboratory using Todd Hewitt Broth. The samples were cultured on a selective medium, and the grown bacteria were identified by standard microbiological and biochemical tests. Antimicrobial resistance pattern and inducible clindamycin resistance of the isolates were determined using the disk agar diffusion method. The genomic DNAs of S. agalactiae strains were extracted using an extraction kit, and the antibiotic resistance genes and RAPD types were detected using the PCR method. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 30.74 ± 5.25 years. There was a significant relationship between the weeks of pregnancy and the number of positive bacterial cultures (P-value < 0.05). Moreover, 31 pregnant women had a history of abortion, and 18 had a history of membrane rupture. Among 420 specimens, 106 S. agalactiae isolates were detected. The highest antibiotic resistance rate was found against tetracycline (94.33%), and all isolates were susceptible to linezolid. Moreover, 15, 15, 42, and 7 isolates showed an iMLS(B), M-, cMLS(B), and L-phenotype. The ermB was the most prevalent resistance gene in the present study, while 38 (35.84%), 8 (7.54%), 79 (74.52%), 37 (34.9%), and 20 (18.86%) isolates were contained the ermTR, mefA/E, tetM, tetO, and aphA3 gene, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The high-level antibiotic resistance and prevalence of resistance genes may be due to the arbitrarily use, livestock industry consumption, and the preventive use of antibiotics in pregnant women. Thus, the need to re-considering this problem seems to be necessary.202336658541
1335110.9615Prevalence of virulence factor, antibiotic resistance, and serotype genes of Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from pigs in Vietnam. AIM: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and characterization of the Pasteurella multocida isolates from suspected pigs in Vietnam. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 83 P. multocida strains were isolated from lung samples and nasal swabs collected from pigs associated with pneumonia, progressive atrophic rhinitis, or reproductive and respiratory symptoms. Isolates were subjected to multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for capsular typing, detection of virulence-associated genes and antibiotic resistance genes by PCR. The antimicrobial sensitivity profiles of the isolates were tested by disk diffusion method. RESULTS: All the isolates 83/83 (100%) were identified as P. multocida by PCR: serogroup A was obtained from 40/83 (48.19%), serogroup D was detected from 24/83 strains (28.91%), and serogroup B was found in 19/83 (22.35%) isolates. The presence of 14 virulence genes was reported including adhesins group (ptfA - 93.97%, pfhA - 93.97%, and fimA - 90.36%), iron acquisition (exbB - 100%, and exbD - 85.54%), hyaluronidase (pmHAS - 84.33%), and protectins (ompA - 56.62%, ompH 68.67%, and oma87 - 100%). The dermonecrotoxin toxA had low prevalence (19.28%). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that cephalexin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and enrofloxacin were the drugs most likely active against P. multocida while amoxicillin and tetracycline were inactive. The usage of PCR revealed that 63/83 isolates were carrying at least one of the drug resistance genes. CONCLUSION: Unlike other parts of the word, serotype B was prevalent among Vietnamese porcine P. multocida strains. The high antibiotic resistance detected among these isolates gives us an alert about the current state of imprudent antibiotic usage in controlling the pathogenic bacteria.202032636585
1345120.9615Toxigenic potential and antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacillus cereus group bacteria isolated from Tunisian foodstuffs. BACKGROUND: Despite the importance of the B. cereus group as major foodborne pathogens that may cause diarrheal and/or emetic syndrome(s), no study in Tunisia has been conducted in order to characterize the pathogenic potential of the B. cereus group. The aim of this study was to assess the sanitary potential risks of 174 B. cereus group strains isolated from different foodstuffs by detecting and profiling virulence genes (hblA, hblB, hblC, hblD, nheA, nheB, nheC, cytK, bceT and ces), testing the isolates cytotoxic activity on Caco-2 cells and antimicrobial susceptibility towards 11 antibiotics. RESULTS: The entertoxin genes detected among B. cereus isolates were, in decreasing order, nheA (98.9%), nheC (97.7%) and nheB (86.8%) versus hblC (54.6%), hblD (54.6%), hblA (29.9%) and hblB (14.9%), respectively encoding for Non-hemolytic enterotoxin (NHE) and Hemolysin BL (HBL). The isolates are multi-toxigenic, harbouring at least one gene of each NHE and HBL complexes associated or not to bceT, cytK-2 and ces genes. Based on the incidence of virulence genes, the strains were separated into 12 toxigenic groups. Isolates positive for cytK (37,9%) harbored the cytK-2 variant. The detection rates of bceT and ces genes were 50.6 and 4%, respectively. When bacteria were incubated in BHI-YE at 30 °C for 18 h and for 5 d, 70.7 and 35% of the strains were shown to be cytotoxic to Caco-2 cells, respectively. The cytotoxicity of B. cereus strains depended on the food source of isolation. The presence of virulence factors is not always consistent with cytotoxicity. However, different combinations of enterotoxin genetic determinants are significantly associated to the cytotoxic potential of the bacteria. All strains were fully sensitive to rifampicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin. The majority of the isolates were susceptible to streptomycin, kanamycin, erythromycin, vancomycin and tetracycline but showed resistance to ampicillin and novobiocin. CONCLUSION: Our results contribute data that are primary to facilitate risk assessments in order to prevent food poisoning due to B. cereus group.201931445510
2409130.9614Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes in Different Raw Food from Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Listeria (L.) monocytogenes is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that causes listeriosis in humans and animals, reaching up to 30% case mortality. There are only a few reports in Mexico about the L. monocytogenes strains found in various foods. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of L. monocytogenes, serogroups, virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance in different foods from Reynosa, Tamaulipas, Mexico. L. monocytogenes strains were characterized by microbiological and molecular methods. Susceptibility to 12 antibiotics was determined according to CLSI and EUCAST. A total of 300 samples of seafood, pasteurized and raw milk, cheese, beef, and chicken were collected from supermarkets and retail markets. The presence of L. monocytogenes was detected in 5.6% of the samples. Most strains belonged to serogroups 4b, 4d, and 4e (68.4%). All strains presented a minimum of four virulence genes; the most common were actA, hly, and plcB (92.1%). A high percentage of antimicrobial susceptibility was observed, with resistance only to STX-TMP (78.9%), STR (26.3%), MEM (21.0%), and E (2.6%). These results show that the foods in Reynosa, Tamaulipas, are a reservoir of L. monocytogenes and represent a potential health risk.202438890883
6075140.9614Molecular screening of beneficial and safety determinants from bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria isolated from Brazilian artisanal calabresa. Despite of the beneficial relevance of several lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the food industry, micro-organisms belonging to this group can determine spoilage in food products and carry a number of virulence and antibiotic resistance-related genes. This study aimed on the characterization of beneficial and safety aspects of five bacteriocinogenic LAB strains (Lactobacillus curvatus 12-named L. curvatus UFV-NPAC1), L. curvatus 36, Weissela viridescens 23, W. viridescens 31 and Lactococcus garvieae 36) isolated from an artisanal Brazilian calabresa, a traditional meat sausage. Regarding their beneficial aspects, all tested isolates were positive for mub, while EF226-cbp, EF1249-fbp and EF2380-maz were detected in at least one tested strain; none of the isolates presented map, EFTu or prgB. However, evaluated strains presented a variable pattern of virulence-related genes, but none of the strains presented gelE, cylA, efsA, cpd, int-Tn or sprE. Moreover, other virulence-related genes evaluated in this study were detected at different frequencies. L. curvatus 12 was generated positive results for ace, ccf, int, ermC, tetL, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, aph(2″)-Ib, aph(2″)-Ic, bcrB, vanB and vanC2; L. curvatus 36: hyl, asa1, esp, int, ermC, tetK, aph(3')-IIIa, aph(2'')-Ic and vanC2; L. garvieae 32: asa1, ant(4')-Ia, aph(2'')-Ib, catA, vanA and vanC1; W. viridescens 23: esp, cob, ermB, aph(3')-IIIa, aph(2'')-Ic, vanA, vanB and vanC2; W. viridescens 31: hyl, esp, ermC, aph(3')-IIIa, aph(2'')-Ib, aph(2'')-Ic, catA, vanA and vanB. Despite presenting some beneficial aspects, the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes jeopardize their utilization as starter or biopreservatives cultures in food products. Considering the inhibitory potential of these strains, an alternative would be the use of their bacteriocins as semi-purified or pure technological preparation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The food industry has a particular interest in using bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as starter, probiotics and/or biopreservatives in different food products. Characterization of additional beneficial features is important to identify new, multifunctional potential probiotic strains. However, these strains can only be applied in food products only after being properly characterized according their potential negative aspects, such as virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. A wide characterization of beneficial and safety aspects of bacteriocinogenic LAB is determinant to guide the proper utilization of these strains, or their purified bacteriocins, by the food industry.201931250457
3065150.9614Species diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of the nasal staphylococcal and mammaliicoccal biota of reindeer. BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus (S.) spp. and Mammaliicoccus (M.) spp., in addition to their established role as components of the human and animal microbiota, can also cause opportunistic infections. This study aimed to characterize bacteria recovered from nasal cavities of healthy adult reindeer from two farms located in Poland (15 reindeer) and Germany (15 reindeer). The research include bacteria isolation, species identification, detection of selected superantigen (SAg) genes, assessment of biofilm-forming capability in vitro, and evaluation of antimicrobial resistance. RESULTS: Seventy-four staphylococci and mammaliicocci from 14 different species were isolated from 30 nasal swabs, with one to four strains obtained from each reindeer. The most frequently identified species was S. equorum, followed by S. succinus, M. sciuri, S. xylosus, M. lentus, S. chromogenes, S. devriesei, M. vitulinus, S. auricularis, S. agnetis, S. edaphicus, S. petrasii, S. simulans, and S. warneri. A greater species diversity was observed among the reindeer from Poland compared to those from Germany. All isolated bacteria were coagulase negative and clumping factor negative and did not carry any of the 21 analyzed SAg genes. M. sciuri demonstrated the highest antimicrobial resistance (100%), followed by S. succinus (91%) and S. equorum (78%). Resistance to rifampicin was the most common (30% strains). Sixteen strains (22%) exhibited biofilm production at least 10% greater than the strong biofilm-forming S. aureus ATCC 6538. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals a significant knowledge gap regarding the nasal microbiota of reindeer. It contributes to our understanding of staphylococcal and mammaliicoccal biota of reindeer and underscores the necessity for monitoring of microbial populations to assess their health implications for both animals and humans, particularly concerning the zoonotic transmission of bacteria.202540452044
2683160.9612High prevalence of virulence genes and multi-drug resistance in Pasteurella multocida from goats in Sichuan, China. Pasteurella multocida is one of the most important pathogens that infect goats, causing serious economic losses in the goat breeding industry. To understand the biological characteristics of P. multocida from goats, a comprehensive characterization of bacteria isolated from 342 nasal swabs and 8 lung tissue samples from goat farms in Sichuan, China, was performed. A total of 34 isolates were assigned to one capsular type, D, and one lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genotype, L3, indicating that the D: L3 was the predominant serotype in goat farms. In the 34 isolates, multiple virulence-related genes were identified, with a detection rate of 100 % (34/34) for the genes ompA, ompH, oma87, exbB, and exbD. It is noteworthy that the prevalence of the toxA gene, which encodes the P. multocida toxin (PMT), was found to be 85.2 % (29/34). Furthermore, antimicrobial susceptibility testing indicated a high prevalence of multidrug resistance, with resistance rates of 41.1 % for ampicillin, 38.2 % for tetracycline, and 32.3 % for kanamycin. Overall, this study provides a foundational understanding of the epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of P. multocida in goats, offering insights for future prevention and control measures.202540174797
5236170.9612Genome characterization of a multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli strain, L1PEag1, isolated from commercial cape gooseberry fruits (Physalis peruviana L.). INTRODUCTION: Foodborne infections, which are frequently linked to bacterial contamination, are a serious concern to public health on a global scale. Whether agricultural farming practices help spread genes linked to antibiotic resistance in bacteria associated with humans or animals is a controversial question. METHODS: This study applied a long-read Oxford Nanopore MinION-based sequencing to obtain the complete genome sequence of a multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli strain (L1PEag1), isolated from commercial cape gooseberry fruits (Physalis peruviana L.) in Ecuador. Using different genome analysis tools, the serotype, Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST), virulence genes, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes of the L1PEag1 isolate were determined. Additionally, in vitro assays were performed to demonstrate functional genes. RESULTS: The complete genome sequence of the L1PEag1 isolate was assembled into a circular chromosome of 4825.722 Kbp and one plasmid of 3.561 Kbp. The L1PEag1 isolate belongs to the B2 phylogroup, sequence type ST1170, and O1:H4 serotype based on in silico genome analysis. The genome contains 4,473 genes, 88 tRNA, 8 5S rRNA, 7 16S rRNA, and 7 23S rRNA. The average GC content is 50.58%. The specific annotation consisted of 4,439 and 3,723 genes annotated with KEEG and COG respectively, 3 intact prophage regions, 23 genomic islands (GIs), and 4 insertion sequences (ISs) of the ISAs1 and IS630 families. The L1PEag1 isolate carries 25 virulence genes, and 4 perfect and 51 strict antibiotic resistant gene (ARG) regions based on VirulenceFinder and RGI annotation. Besides, the in vitro antibiotic profile indicated resistance to kanamycin (K30), azithromycin (AZM15), clindamycin (DA2), novobiocin (NV30), amikacin (AMK30), and other antibiotics. The L1PEag1 isolate was predicted as a human pathogen, matching 464 protein families (0.934 likelihood). CONCLUSION: Our work emphasizes the necessity of monitoring environmental antibiotic resistance, particularly in commercial settings to contribute to develop early mitigation techniques for dealing with resistance diffusion.202439104589
2347180.9611Multiple drug resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from aborted women by using serological and molecular techniques in Diwaniyah city/Iraq. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The study was sought to detect the effect of Listeria monocytogenes on pregnant Iraqi women at Al-Diwaniya hospitals and determination of virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 360 specimens including blood, urine, vaginal and endocervical were collected from 90 patients with spontaneous abortions. Blood samples were displayed to immunological study and remaining specimens were subjected to bacteriological diagnosis. PCR was used to determine the virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes. RESULTS: Fifteen positive samples (16.6%) of patients and thirteen isolates (14.5%) from patients were recognized based on ELISA and PCR assay respectively. The general isolation of L. monocytogenes strains in cases of abortive women was 13/270 (4.8%). L. monocytogenes strains were highly virulent because of presence of virulence factors associated genes, namely actA, hlyA, plcA and prfA in all strains. Multiple drug resistance (MAR) index values of 15.4% of isolates were >0.2. CONCLUSION: It is necessary for conducting susceptibility testing and to select the suitable antibiotics and avoid the effects of these bacteria in pregnant women.202032994901
2486190.9611Virulence-associated genes and antimicrobial resistance patterns in bacteria isolated from pregnant and nonpregnant women with urinary tract infections: the risk of neonatal sepsis. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is classified as the major causative agent of urinary tract infections (UTIs). UPEC virulence and antibiotic resistance can lead to complications in pregnant women and (or) newborns. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the etiological agents of UTIs, as well as to identify genes related to virulence factors in bacteria isolated from pregnant and nonpregnant women. A total of 4506 urine samples were collected from pregnant and nonpregnant women. Urine cultures were performed, and PCR was used to identify phylogroups and virulence-related genes. Antibiotic resistance profiles were determined. The incidence of UTIs was 6.9% (pregnant women, n = 206 and nonpregnant women, n = 57), and UPEC belonging to phylogroup A was the most prevalent. The presence of genes related to capsular protection, adhesins, iron acquisition, and serum protection in UPEC was associated with not being pregnant, while the presence of genes related to adhesins was associated with pregnancy. Bacteria isolated from nonpregnant women were more resistant to antibiotics; 36.5% were multidrug resistant, and 34.9% were extensively drug resistant. Finally, UTIs were associated with neonatal sepsis risk, particularly in pregnant women who underwent cesarean section while having a UTI caused by E. coli. In conclusion, UPEC isolated from nonpregnant women carried more virulence factors than those isolated from pregnant women, and maternal UTIs were associated with neonatal sepsis risk.202337815047