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637900.8763Shotgun metagenome guided exploration of anthropogenically driven resistomic hotspots within Lonar soda lake of India. Anthropogenic activities mediated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the pristine aquatic bodies (lakes) is raising concern worldwide. Long read shotgun sequencing was used to assess taxonomic diversity, distribution of ARGs and metal resistance genes (MRGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in six sites within hypersaline Lonar soda lake (India) prone to various anthropogenic activities. Proteobacteria and Euryarchaeota were dominant phyla under domain Bacteria and Archaea respectively. Higher abundance of Bacteroidetes was pragmatic at sites 18LN5 and 18LN6. Functional analysis indicated 26 broad-spectrum ARGs types, not reported earlier in this ecosystem. Abundant ARG types identified were multidrug efflux, glycopepetide, bacitracin, tetracycline and aminogylcoside resistance. Sites 18LN1 and 18LN5 depicted 167 and 160 different ARGs subtypes respectively and rpoB2, bcrA, tetA(48), mupA, ompR, patA, vanR and multidrug ABC transporter genes were present in all samples. The rpoB2 gene was dominant in 18LN1, whereas bcrA gene in 18LN2-18LN6 sites. Around 24 MRGs types were detected with higher abundance of arsenic in 18LN1 and copper in 18LN2-18LN6, signifying metal contamination linked to MRGs. The bacterial taxa Pseudomonas, Thioalkalivibrio, Burkholderia, Clostridium, Paenibacillus, Bacillus and Streptomyces were significantly associated with ARGs. This study highlights the resistomic hotspots in the lake for deploying policies for conservation efforts.202032155479
766710.8739Metagenomics uncovers microbiome and resistome in soil and reindeer faeces from Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard, High Arctic). Research on the microbiome and resistome in polar environments, such as the Arctic, is crucial for understanding the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment. In this study, soil and reindeer faeces samples collected from Ny-Ålesund (Svalbard, High Arctic) were examined to analyze the microbiome, ARGs, and biocide/metal resistance genes (BMRGs). The dominant phyla in both soil and faeces were Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, and Bacteroidota. A total of 2618 predicted Open Reading Frames (ORFs) containing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were detected. These ARGs belong to 162 different genes across 17 antibiotic classes, with rifamycin and multidrug resistance genes being the most prevalent. We focused on investigating antibiotic resistance mechanisms in the Ny-Ålesund environment by analyzing the resistance genes and their biological pathways. Procrustes analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between bacterial communities and ARG/BMRG profiles in soil and faeces samples. Correlation analysis revealed that Pseudomonadota contributed most to multidrug and triclosan resistance, while Actinomycetota were predominant contributors to rifamycin and aminoglycoside resistance. The geochemical factors, SiO(4)(2-) and NH(4)(+), were found to significantly influence the microbial composition and ARG distribution in the soil samples. Analysis of ARGs, BMRGs, virulence factors (VFs), and pathogens identified potential health risks associated with certain bacteria, such as Cryobacterium and Pseudomonas, due to the presence of different genetic elements. This study provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms and geochemical factors contributing to antibiotic resistance and enhanced our understanding of the evolution of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment.202439159777
716420.8686Anthropogenic pressures amplify high-risk antibiotic resistome via co-selection among biocide resistance, virulence, and antibiotic resistance genes in the Ganjiang River basin: Drivers diverge in densely versus sparsely populated reaches. As the largest river in the Poyang Lake system, the Ganjiang River faces escalating anthropogenic pressures that amplify resistance gene dissemination. This study integrated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), biocide resistance genes (BRGs), and virulence factor genes (VFGs) to reveal their co-selection mechanisms and divergent environmental drivers between densely (DES) and sparsely populated (SPAR) regions of the Ganjiang River basin. The microbial and viral communities and structures differed significantly between the DES and SPAR regions (PERMANOVA, p < 0.001). Midstream DES areas were hotspots for ARGs/BRGs/VFGs enrichment, with peak enrichment multiples reaching 10.2, 5.7, and 5.9-fold respectively. Procrustes analysis revealed limited dependence of ARGs transmission on mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (p > 0.05). Separately, 74 % of dominant ARGs (top 1 %) showed strong correlations with BRGs (r(2) = 0.973, p < 0.01) and VFGs (r(2) = 0.966, p < 0.01) via co-selection. Pathogenic Pseudomonas spp. carrying multidrug-resistant ARGs, BRGs, and adhesion-VFGs were identified as high-risk vectors. In SPAR areas, anthropogenic pressure directly dominated ARGs risk (RC = 54.2 %, β = 0.39, p < 0.05), with biological factors as secondary contributors (RC = 45.8 %, β = 0.33, p < 0.05). In contrast, DES regions showed anthropogenic pressure exerting broader, enduring influences across microorganisms, physicochemical parameters, and biological factors, escalating ARGs risks through diverse pathways, with BRGs/VFGs acting as direct drivers. This study proposes establishing a risk prevention system using BRGs and pathogenic microorganisms as early-warning indicators.202540858019
638130.8680Occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in Elymus nutans silage from different altitudes on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. INTRODUCTION: Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) have attracted more attentions in fermented feed recently. However, little information is available on the occurrence and distribution of ARGs in ensiled forages in the alpine region of the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau (QTP) with an extremely harsh environment. METHODS: The study investigated the distribution and spread mechanism of ARB and ARGs in Elymus nutans silage along 2600 m (low), 3600 m (medium) and 4600 m (high) altitude in the QTP. RESULTS: The major ARG types in Elymus nutans silage were multidrug, aminoglycoside, bacitracin, beta-lactam and polymyxin, while tnpA and IS91 were the dominant mobile genetic elements (MGEs) subtypes in the Elymus nutans silage. The dominant ARGs were mainly carried by Pantoea, Enterobacter, Serratia, and Lelliottia. Although altitudinal gradient had no influence on the diversity or abundance of other ARGs and MGEs in the Elymus nutans silage (p > 0.05), the network co-occurrence patterns among ARGs, MGEs, and bacteria in high-altitude silage were more complex than that in low- and medium-altitude silages. The dominant clinical ARGs in the alpine silage were bacA and acrF, and the abundance of clinical ARGs decreased with prolonged fermentation time. DISCUSSION: This study provides important data on the status of ARGs in ensiled forage from the alpine region of the QTP.202540458713
518740.8664Recovery of 52 bacterial genomes from the fecal microbiome of the domestic cat (Felis catus) using Hi-C proximity ligation and shotgun metagenomics. We used Hi-C proximity ligation with shotgun sequencing to retrieve metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from the fecal microbiomes of two domestic cats (Felis catus). The genomes were assessed for completeness and contamination, classified taxonomically, and annotated for putative antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes.202337695121
716750.8660Occurrence and distribution of antibiotic pollution and antibiotic resistance genes in seagrass meadow sediments based on metagenomics. Seagrass meadows are one of the most important coastal ecosystems that provide essential ecological and economic services. The contamination levels of antibiotic and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in coastal ecosystems are severely elevated owing to anthropogenic disturbances, such as terrestrial input, aquaculture effluent, and sewage discharge. However, few studies have focused on the occurrence and distribution of antibiotics and their corresponding ARGs in this habitat. Thus, we investigated the antibiotic and ARGs profiles, microbial communities, and ARG-carrying host bacteria in typical seagrass meadow sediments collected from Swan Lake, Caofeidian shoal harbor, Qingdao Bay, and Sishili Bay in the Bohai Sea and northern Yellow Sea. The total concentrations of 30 detected antibiotics ranged from 99.35 to 478.02 μg/kg, tetracyclines were more prevalent than other antibiotics. Metagenomic analyses showed that 342 ARG subtypes associated with 22 ARG types were identified in the seagrass meadow sediments. Multidrug resistance genes and RanA were the most dominant ARG types and subtypes, respectively. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that Halioglobus, Zeaxanthinibacter, and Aureitalea may be potential hosts at the genus level, and the relative abundances of these bacteria were higher in Sishili Bay than those in other areas. This study provided important insights into the pollution status of antibiotics and ARGs in typical seagrass meadow sediments. Effective management should be performed to control the potential ecological health risks in seagrass meadow ecosystems.202438782270
679560.8657Interplay of xenobiotic-degrading and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms among the microbiome found in the air, handrail, and floor of the subway station. Investigating the quality of the subway environment, especially regarding antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and xenobiotics, conveys ecological and health impacts. In this study, compositions and relations of microorganisms harboring ARGs and xenobiotic degradation and metabolism genes (XDGs) in the Sukhumvit subway station (MRT-SKV) in Bangkok was assessed by analyzing the taxonomic and genetic diversity of the microbiome in the air and on the surfaces of floor and handrail. The major bacteria in the MRT-SKV (including Moraxella, which was abundant in the bioaerosol and handrail samples, and Staphylococcus, which was abundant in the bioaerosol samples) were found to contain both ARGs and XDGs. The co-abundance correlation network revealed notable relationships among bacteria harboring antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and xenobiotic degradation genes (XDGs). Significant associations were observed between ARGs linked to glycopeptide and fluoroquinolone resistance and genes associated with benzoate, styrene, and atrazine degradation pathways, as well as between ARGs related to cephamycin, cephalosporin, and MLS resistance and XDGs associated with the cytochrome P450-dependent drug metabolism pathway. These correlations suggested that selective pressure exerted by certain xenobiotics and antibiotics can simultaneously affect both ARGs and XDGs in the environment and should favor correlations and co-survival among ARG- and XDG-containing bacteria in the environments. The correlations may occur via shared mechanisms of resistance to both xenobiotics and antibiotics. Finally, different correlation pairs were seen in different niches (air, handrail, floor) of the subway environment or different geolocations. Thus, the relationship between ARG and XDG pairs most likely depends on the unique characteristics of the niches and on the prominent types of xenobiotics and antibiotics in the subway environment. The results indicated that interactions and connections between microbial communities can impact how they function. These microorganisms can have profound effects on accumulation of xenobiotics and ARGs in the MRT-SKV.202438246293
679370.8656Interplays between cyanobacterial blooms and antibiotic resistance genes. Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs), which are a form of microbial dysbiosis in freshwater environments, are an emerging environmental and public health concern. Additionally, the freshwater environment serves as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which pose a risk of transmission during microbial dysbiosis, such as cyanoHABs. However, the interactions between potential synergistic pollutants, cyanoHABs, and ARGs remain poorly understood. During cyanoHABs, Microcystis and high microcystin levels were dominant in all the nine regions of the river sampled. The resistome, mobilome, and microbiome were interrelated and linked to the physicochemical properties of freshwater. Planktothrix and Pseudanabaena competed with Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria during cyanoHABs. Forty two ARG carriers were identified, most of which belonged to Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria. ARG carriers showed a strong correlation with ARGs density, which decreased with the severity of cyanoHAB. Although ARGs decreased due to a reduction of ARG carriers during cyanoHABs, mobile gene elements (MGEs) and virulence factors (VFs) genes increased. We explored the relationship between cyanoHABs and ARGs for potential synergistic interaction. Our findings demonstrated that cyanobacteria compete with freshwater commensal bacteria such as Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria, which carry ARGs in freshwater, resulting in a reduction of ARGs levels. Moreover, cyanoHABs generate biotic and abiotic stress in the freshwater microbiome, which may lead to an increase in MGEs and VFs. Exploration of the intricate interplays between microbiome, resistome, mobilome, and pathobiome during cyanoHABs not only revealed that the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of microbial dysbiosis but also emphasizes the need to prioritize the prevention of microbial dysbiosis in the risk management of ARGs.202337897871
766880.8655Taxonomic and functional profiling of microbial community in municipal solid waste dumpsite. Understanding the microbial ecology of landfills is crucial for improving waste management strategies and utilizing the potential of these microbial communities for biotechnological applications. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive taxonomic and functional profiling of the microbial community present in the Addis Ababa municipal solid waste dumpsite using a shotgun metagenomics sequencing approach. The taxonomic analysis of the sample revealed the significant presence of bacteria, with the Actinomycetota (56%), Pseudomonadota (23%), Bacillota (3%), and Chloroflexota (3%) phyla being particularly abundant. The most abundant KEGG categories were carbohydrates metabolism, membrane transport, signal transduction, and amino acid metabolism. The biodegradation and metabolism of xenobiotics, as well as terpenoids and polyketides, were also prevalent. Moreover, the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) identified 52 antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) subtypes belonging to 14 different drug classes, with the highest abundances observed for glycopeptide, phosphonic acid, and multidrug resistance genes. Actinomycetota was the dominant phylum harboring ARGs, followed by Pseudomonadota and Chloroflexota. This study offers valuable insights into the taxonomic and functional diversity of the microbial community in the Addis Ababa municipal solid waste dumpsite. It sheds light on the widespread presence of metabolically versatile microbes, antibiotic resistance genes, mobile genetic elements, and pathogenic bacteria. This understanding can contribute to the creation of efficient waste management strategies and the investigation of possible biotechnological uses for these microbial communities.202439551884
638990.8653Microbial community and functions involved in smokeless tobacco product: a metagenomic approach. Smokeless tobacco products (STPs) are attributed to oral cancer and oral pathologies in their users. STP-associated cancer induction is driven by carcinogenic compounds including tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs). The TSNAs synthesis could enhanced due to the metabolic activity (nitrate metabolism) of the microbial populations residing in STPs, but identifying microbial functions linked to the TSNAs synthesis remains unexplored. Here, we rendered the first report of shotgun metagenomic sequencing to comprehensively determine the genes of all microorganisms residing in the Indian STPs belonging to two commercial (Moist-snuff and Qiwam) and three loose (Mainpuri Kapoori, Dohra, and Gudakhu) STPs, specifically consumed in India. Further, the level of nicotine, TSNAs, mycotoxins, and toxic metals were determined to relate their presence with microbial activity. The microbial population majorly belongs to bacteria with three dominant phyla including Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes. Furthermore, the STP-linked microbiome displayed several functional genes associated with nitrogen metabolism and antibiotic resistance. The chemical analysis revealed that the Mainpuri Kapoori product contained a high concentration of ochratoxins-A whereas TSNAs and Zink (Zn) quantities were high in the Moist-snuff, Mainpuri Kapoori, and Gudakhu products. Hence, our observations will help in attributing the functional potential of STP-associated microbiome and in the implementation of cessation strategies against STPs. KEY POINTS: •Smokeless tobacco contains microbes that can assist TSNA synthesis. •Antibiotic resistance genes present in smokeless tobacco-associated bacteria. •Pathogens in STPs can cause infections in smokeless tobacco users.202438918238
6383100.8652Metagenomic analysis of microbiological risk in bioaerosols during biowaste valorization using Musca domestica. Bioconversion using insects has gradually become a promising technology for biowaste management and protein production. However, knowledge about microbiological risk of insect related bioaerosols is sparse and conventional methods failed to provide higher resolved information of environmental microbe. In this study, a metagenomic analysis including microorganisms, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), virulence factor genes (VFGs), mobile gene elements (MGEs), and endotoxin distribution in bioaerosols during biowaste conversion via Musca domestica revealed that bioaerosols in Fly rearing room possess the highest ARGs abundances and MGEs diversity. Through a metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs)-based pipeline, compelling evidence of ARGs/VFGs host assignment and ARG-VFG co-occurrence pattern were provided from metagenomic perspective. Bioaerosols in Bioconversion and Maggot separation zone were identified to own high density of MAGs carrying both ARGs and VFGs. Bacteria in Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Firmicutes phyla were predominate hosts of ARGs and VFGs. Multidrug-Motility, Multidrug-Adherence, and Beta lactam-Motility pairs were the most common ARG-VFG co-occurrence pattern in this study. Results obtained are of great significance for microbiological risk assessment during housefly biowaste conversion process.202336681377
7666110.8651Antibiotic resistance genes allied to the pelagic sediment microbiome in the Gulf of Khambhat and Arabian Sea. Antibiotics have been widely spread in the environments, imposing profound stress on the resistome of the residing microbes. Marine microbiomes are well established large reservoirs of novel antibiotics and corresponding resistance genes. The Gulf of Khambhat is known for its extreme tides and complex sedimentation process. We performed high throughput sequencing and applied bioinformatics techniques on pelagic sediment microbiome across four coordinates of the Gulf of Khambhat to assess the marine resistome, its corresponding bacterial community and compared with the open Arabian Sea sample. We identified a total of 2354 unique types of resistance genes, with most abundant and diverse gene profile in the area that had anthropogenic activities being carried out on-shore. The genes with >1% abundance in all samples included carA, macB, sav1866, tlrC, srmB, taeA, tetA, oleC and bcrA which belonged to the macrolides, glycopeptides and peptide drug classes. ARG enriched phyla distribution was quite varying between all the sites, with Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes among the dominant phyla. Based on the outcomes, we also propose potential biomarker candidates Desulfovibrio, Thermotaga and Pelobacter for antibiotic monitoring in the two of the Gulf samples probable contamination prone environments, and genera Nitrosocccus, Marinobacter and Streptomyces in the rest of the three studied samples. Outcomes support the concept that ARGs naturally originate in environments and human activities contribute to the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.201930412889
7663120.8649Deep-sea sediment metagenome from Bay of Bengal reveals distinct microbial diversity and functional significance. Bay of Bengal (BoB) has immense significance with respect to ecological diversity and natural resources. Studies on microbial profiling and their functional significance at sediment level of BoB remain poorly represented. Herein, we describe the microbial diversity and metabolic potentials of BOB deep-sea sediment samples by subjecting the metagenomes to Nanopore sequencing. Taxonomic diversity ascertained at various levels revealed that bacteria belonging to phylum Proteobacteria predominantly represented in sediment samples NIOT_S7 and NIOT_S9. A comparative study with 16S datasets from similar ecological sites revealed depth as a crucial factor in determining taxonomic diversity. KEGG annotation indicated that bacterial communities possess sequence reads corresponding to carbon dioxide fixation, sulfur, nitrogen metabolism, but at varying levels. Additionally, gene sequences related to bioremediation of dyes, plastics, hydrocarbon, antibiotic resistance, secondary metabolite synthesis and metal resistance from both the samples as studied indicate BoB to represent a highly diverse environmental niche for further exploration.202236423774
6792130.8648Parity in bacterial communities and resistomes: Microplastic and natural organic particles in the Tyrrhenian Sea. Petroleum-based microplastic particles (MPs) are carriers of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments, influencing the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistance. This research characterized MP and natural organic particle (NOP) bacterial communities and resistomes in the Tyrrhenian Sea, a region impacted by plastic pollution and climate change. MP and NOP bacterial communities were similar but different from the free-living planktonic communities. Likewise, MP and NOP ARG abundances were similar but different (higher) from the planktonic communities. MP and NOP metagenome-assembled genomes contained ARGs associated with mobile genetic elements and exhibited co-occurrence with metal resistance genes. Overall, these findings show that MPs and NOPs harbor potential pathogenic and antimicrobial resistant bacteria, which can aid in the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Further, petroleum-based MPs do not represent novel ecological niches for allochthonous bacteria; rather, they synergize with NOPs, collectively facilitating the spread of antimicrobial resistance in marine ecosystems.202438759465
3078140.8647Microbiome of Dipteran vectors associated with integron and antibiotic resistance genes in South Korea. The spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across the environment and the role that organisms that interact with humans play as reservoirs of resistant bacteria pose important threats to public health. Flies are two-winged insects composing the order Diptera, which includes synanthropic species with significant ecological roles as pollinators, vectors, and decomposers. Here, we used iSeq100 metabarcoding to characterize the microbiome of six dipteran species in South Korea: Lucilia sericata, Lucilia illustris, Culex pipiens, Aedes vexans, Psychoda alternata and Clogmia albipunctata. We profiled a panel of common ARGs and performed correlation network analysis of the microbiome and resistome to identify co-occurrence patterns of bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and resistance genes. We detected blaTEM, ermB, tetB, tetC, aac(6')-Ib-cr, cat2, sul1, qepA, int1 and int2, but no blaSHV, mecA, tetA or cat1. Notably, co-occurrence analysis showed highly mobile genes such as qepA, ermB and sul1 were associated with integron of class 1 integrase presence. These, along with aac(6')-Ib-cr were detected at higher rates across multiple species. Microbiome composition was distinct across species. Amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of Pseudomonas, Corynebacterium, Clostridium, Ignatzschineria, Bacteroides, Streptococcus, Treponema and Dietzia showed strong co-occurrence with multiple ARGs. This study contributes to the understanding of the role of dipterans as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance.202541046045
6388150.8647A Metagenome from a Steam Vent in Los Azufres Geothermal Field Shows an Abundance of Thermoplasmatales archaea and Bacteria from the Phyla Actinomycetota and Pseudomonadota. Los Azufres National Park is a geothermal field that has a wide number of thermal manifestations; nevertheless, the microbial communities in many of these environments remain unknown. In this study, a metagenome from a sediment sample from Los Azufres National Park was sequenced. In this metagenome, we found that the microbial diversity corresponds to bacteria (Actinomycetota, Pseudomonadota), archaea (Thermoplasmatales and Candidatus Micrarchaeota and Candidatus Parvarchaeota), eukarya (Cyanidiaceae), and viruses (Fussellovirus and Caudoviricetes). The functional annotation showed genes related to the carbon fixation pathway, sulfur metabolism, genes involved in heat and cold shock, and heavy-metal resistance. From the sediment, it was possible to recover two metagenome-assembled genomes from Ferrimicrobium and Cuniculiplasma. Our results showed that there are a large number of microorganisms in Los Azufres that deserve to be studied.202337504286
7739160.8647Community ecology and functional potential of bacteria, archaea, eukarya and viruses in Guerrero Negro microbial mat. In this study, the microbial ecology, potential environmental adaptive mechanisms, and the potential evolutionary interlinking of genes between bacterial, archaeal and viral lineages in Guerrero Negro (GN) microbial mat were investigated using metagenomic sequencing across a vertical transect at millimeter scale. The community composition based on unique genes comprised bacteria (98.01%), archaea (1.81%), eukarya (0.07%) and viruses (0.11%). A gene-focused analysis of bacteria archaea, eukarya and viruses showed a vertical partition of the community. The greatest coverages of genes of bacteria and eukarya were detected in first layers, while the highest coverages of genes of archaea and viruses were found in deeper layers. Many genes potentially related to adaptation to the local environment were detected, such as UV radiation, multidrug resistance, oxidative stress, heavy metals, salinity and desiccation. Those genes were found in bacterial, archaeal and viral lineages with 6477, 44, and 1 genes, respectively. The evolutionary histories of those genes were studied using phylogenetic analysis, showing an interlinking between domains in GN mat.202438297006
7670170.8646Co-occurrence of antibiotic, biocide, and heavy metal resistance genes in bacteria from metal and radionuclide contaminated soils at the Savannah River Site. Contaminants such as heavy metals may contribute to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by enriching resistance gene determinants via co-selection mechanisms. In the present study, a survey was performed on soils collected from four areas at the Savannah River Site (SRS), South Carolina, USA, with varying contaminant profiles: relatively pristine (Upper Three Runs), heavy metals (Ash Basins), radionuclides (Pond B) and heavy metal and radionuclides (Tim's Branch). Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we explored the structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities. Sites with legacies of metal and/or radionuclide contamination displayed significantly lower bacterial diversity compared to the reference site. Metagenomic analysis indicated that multidrug and vancomycin antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs) including those associated with copper, arsenic, iron, nickel and zinc were prominent in all soils including the reference site. However, significant differences were found in the relative abundance and diversity of certain ARGs and MRGs in soils with metal/radionuclide contaminated soils compared to the reference site. Co-occurrence patterns revealed significant ARG/MRG subtypes in predominant soil taxa including Acidobacteriaceae, Bradyrhizobium, Mycobacterium, Streptomyces, Verrumicrobium, Actinomadura and Solirubacterales. Overall, the study emphasizes the potential risk of human activities on the dissemination of AMR in the environment.202032363769
7733180.8646A glance at the gut microbiota and the functional roles of the microbes based on marmot fecal samples. Research on the gut microbiota, which involves a large and complex microbial community, is an important part of infectious disease control. In China, few studies have been reported on the diversity of the gut microbiota of wild marmots. To obtain full details of the gut microbiota, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and archaea, in wild marmots, we have sequenced metagenomes from five sample-sites feces on the Hulun Buir Grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. We have created a comprehensive database of bacterial, fungal, viral, and archaeal genomes and aligned metagenomic sequences (determined based on marmot fecal samples) against the database. We delineated the detailed and distinct gut microbiota structures of marmots. A total of 5,891 bacteria, 233 viruses, 236 fungi, and 217 archaea were found. The dominant bacterial phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinomycetes. The viral families were Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Phycodnaviridae, Herpesviridae and Podoviridae. The dominant fungi phyla were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Blastocladiomycota. The dominant archaea were Biobacteria, Omoarchaea, Nanoarchaea, and Microbacteria. Furthermore, the gut microbiota was affected by host species and environment, and environment was the most important factor. There were 36,989 glycoside hydrolase genes in the microbiota, with 365 genes homologous to genes encoding β-glucosidase, cellulase, and cellulose β-1,4-cellobiosidase. Additionally, antibiotic resistance genes such as macB, bcrA, and msbA were abundant. To sum up, the gut microbiota of marmot had population diversity and functional diversity, which provides a basis for further research on the regulatory effects of the gut microbiota on the host. In addition, metagenomics revealed that the gut microbiota of marmots can degrade cellulose and hemicellulose.202337125200
3499190.8644Diverse and abundant antibiotic resistance genes in mangrove area and their relationship with bacterial communities - A study in Hainan Island, China. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging contaminants in the environment and have been highlighted as a worldwide environmental and health concern. As important participants in the biogeochemical cycles, mangrove ecosystems are subject to various anthropogenic disturbances, and its microbiota may be affected by various contaminants such as ARGs. This study selected 13 transects of mangrove-covered areas in Hainan, China for sediment sample collection. The abundance and diversity of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were investigated using high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction (HT-qPCR), and high-throughput sequencing was used to study microbial structure and diversity. A total of 179 ARGs belonging to 9 ARG types were detected in the study area, and the detection rates of vanXD and vatE-01 were 100%. The abundance of ARGs was 8.30 × 10(7)-6.88 × 10(8) copies per g sediment (1.27 × 10(-2)-3.39 × 10(-2) copies per 16S rRNA gene), which was higher than similar studies, and there were differences in the abundance of ARGs in these sampling transects. The multidrug resistance genes (MRGs) accounted for the highest proportion (69.0%), which indicates that the contamination of ARGs in the study area was very complicated. The ARGs significantly positively correlated with MGEs, which showed that the high level of ARGs was related to its self-enhancement. The dominant bacteria at the genus level were Desulfococcus, Clostridium, Rhodoplanes, Bacillus, Vibrio, Enterococcus, Sedimentibacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Paracoccus, Oscillospira, Mariprofundus, Sulfurimonas, Aminobacterium, and Novosphingobium. There was a significant positive correlation between 133 bacterial genera and some ARGs. Chthoniobacter, Flavisolibacter, Formivibrio, Kaistia, Moryella, MSBL3, Perlucidibaca, and Zhouia were the main potential hosts of ARGs in the sediments of Hainan mangrove area, and many of these bacteria are important participants in biogeochemical cycles. The results contribute to our understanding of the distribution and potential hosts of ARGs and provide a scientific basis for the protection and management of Hainan mangrove ecosystem.202133652188