Emergence of plasmid-borne bla (oxa-181) gene in Ochrobactrum intermedium: first report from India. - Related Documents




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90101.0000Emergence of plasmid-borne bla (oxa-181) gene in Ochrobactrum intermedium: first report from India. Wastewater has become a potential habitat for multi-drug-resistant bacteria. The present study aims to screen for the presence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria in sewage water samples collected from hospital and non-hospital sources. From a total of 19 sewage water samples collected, 100 carbapenem-resistant non-lactose-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria (CR-NF-GNB) were isolated using MacConkey agar cultured with 8 mg l(-1) of meropenem. On screening for beta-lactamase resistance genes (bla (NDM), bla (OXA-48-like), bla (IMP), bla (VIM) and bla (KPC)), one isolate, Ochrobactrum intermedium , was found to carry the plasmid-borne bla (OXA-48-like) gene. To the best of our knowledge, we provide the first report of the rare and emerging opportunistic pathogen Ochrobactrum intermedium encoding the OXA-181 gene in its plasmid.201932974517
91910.9999Molecular Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae in Ningxia Province, China. The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has become a major public health concern worldwide and a new challenge in the treatment of infectious diseases. The molecular characteristics of Enterobacter cloacae in Ningxia China are unknown. In this study, we reported 10 carbapenem-resistant E. cloacae isolates from the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, the largest university hospital in Ningxia between January 2012 and December 2013. Bacteria isolates were identified by Vitek2 compact and the identity of non-duplicate E. cloacae isolates was further confirmed by PCR and sequencing. The drug susceptibility and phenotype identification of these isolates were analyzed by agar dilution method, modified Hodge test (MHT), and EDTA synergy test. Beta-lactamase (bla) genes bla(NDM-1) was found in 8 out of 10 isolates. Most isolates harbored multiple resistance genes including bla(ESBL), bla(AmpC), quinolones, aminoglycosides, and disinfectant resistance genes. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that these E. cloacae isolates were grouped into 6 clusters based on a cutoff of 80% genetic similarity. In conjugative assay, 9 out of 10 isolates transferred carbapenem-resistant genes to Escherichia coli. Our study has revealed that NDM-1-producing isolates are the most prevalent carbapenem-resistant E. cloacae in Ningxia. These isolates also carry several other carbapenem-resistant genes and can transfer these genes to other bacteria through conjugation. These findings highlight an urgent need to monitor these isolates to prevent their further spread in this region.201728197140
90220.9999Occurrence of IMP-8, IMP-10, and IMP-13 metallo-β-lactamases located on class 1 integrons and other extended-spectrum β-lactamases in bacterial isolates from Tunisian rivers. BACKGROUND: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been surveyed widely in water bodies, but few studies have determined the diversity of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in river waters. This study was undertaken to investigate the origin of resistance among polluted river bacterial isolates in Tunisia. METHODS: In this study 128 isolates resistant to β-lactam antibiotics were obtained from 2 polluted rivers in the north of Tunisia. Isolates were identified using Phoenix phenotyping criteria. The occurrence of bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(CTX-M), bla(CMY), bla(VIM), and bla(IMP) was studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing, and the genetic relatedness of the 16 IMP-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates was analyzed by comparison of XbaI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles. RESULTS: Using Phoenix phenotyping criteria, diverse genera of bacteria were identified with different rates of prevalence and with different minimum inhibitory concentrations against different antibiotics. The occurrence of bla(TEM), bla(SHV), bla(CTXM), bla(CMY), bla(VIM), and bla(IMP) genes was confirmed. The DNA sequences upstream and downstream of bla(IMP) genes were determined, revealing that all IMP-encoding genes constituted the first cassette of class 1 integrons, followed by aacA gene cassettes encoding aminoglycoside resistance. Comparison of PFGE profiles showed that only 2 of the isolates were clonal, the other 14 displaying unique profiles. The bla(CTX-M) gene was the most dominant of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes, while the bla(TEM) gene was the second-most dominant. CONCLUSION: The discovery of highly diverse ESBL-producing bacteria and metallo-β-lactamases, particularly bla(IMP), in polluted river water raises alarms with regard to the potential dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in communities through river environments.201322992193
95530.9999Occurrence and characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and carbapenemase- producing bacteria from hospital effluents in Singapore. One of the most important resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative bacteria today is the production of enzymes causing resistance to cephalosporin and carbapenem antibiotics. The spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)- and carbapenemase- producing Gram-negative bacteria is an emerging global public health problem. The aim of the present study was to (i) assess the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria (CRB) and ESBL-producing strains in sewage effluents from two major hospitals in Singapore, (ii) characterize the isolated strains and (iii) identify some of the ESBL and carbapenemase genes responsible for the resistance. CHROMagar ESBL and KPC plates were used to rapidly screen for ESBL-producing bacteria and those expressing reduced susceptibility to carbapenems, respectively. The abundance of ESBL-producers and CRB in hospital wastewater ranged between 10(3) and 10(6)CFU/mL. Out of the 66 isolates picked from ESBL and KPC plates, 95%, 82%, 82% and 76% were resistant to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime (3rd generation cephalosporin family), ertapenem and meropenem (carbapenem family), respectively. Among the resistant isolates, the most predominant taxa identified were Pseudomonas spp. (28.2%), Klebsiella spp. (28.2%), Enterobacter spp. (18.3%) and Citrobacter spp. (11.3%). PCR and sequencing analysis showed that the predominant β-lactamase genes were bla(SHV) (41.1%) followed by bla(NDM-1) (35.6%), bla(CTX) (35.6%) and bla(KPC) (28.8%). The results of this study show a high prevalence of bacteria resistant to modern extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems and the presence of ESBL- and carbapenemase producers in hospital effluents. These findings support the need to improve management of hospital wastewater in order to minimize the spread of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms from this source.201829751417
90340.9999Carbapenemase and ESBL genes with class 1 integron among fermenting and nonfermenting bacteria isolated from water sources from India. The present study was aimed to detect the carbapenemase, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), and intI1 gene of class 1 integron among fermenting (n = 61) and nonfermenting (n = 10) bacterial isolates recovered from water samples (n = 128). Isolates were identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. These isolates showed reduced-susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. The isolates varied in number and size of plasmids (2 kb to >20 kb). Plasmid DNA screening showed 5·6, 7, 11·2 and 26·7% prevalence of bla(KPC) , bla(NDM) , bla(SHV) and bla(TEM) genes respectively. Diverse bla(NDM) (bla(NDM-1) and bla(NDM-4) ) and bla(SHV) subtypes (bla(SHV-2) and bla(SHV-11) ) were recorded, unlike the single allelic bla(KPC) (bla(KPC-2) ) and bla(TEM) (bla(TEM-1) ) gene. Of the total 27 bla-gene-producing bacterial isolates, seven isolates co-harboured the carbapenemase genes (bla(NDM) or bla(KPC) or the both) along with the ESBL genes (bla(SHV) or bla(TEM) ). The intI1 gene of class 1 integron was detected among 12 (44·4%) of ESBL- and/or carbapenemase-harbouring isolates. Gene transferability was seen among four of the 10 Enterobacteriaceae donors. Carbapenemases and ESBLs with class 1 integron among aquatic environmental isolates raise the serious issue of the biosecurity and health of the ecosystem. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Anthropologically affected and polluted environment harbours the resistance threats, where a diverse bacterial species maintain, develop and exchange genetic determinants that constitute a risk to human and ecological health. The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Enterobacteriaceae and non-Enterobacteriaceae bacteria caused the failure of the therapy of last resort (carbapenems) and thus lead to life-threatening infections affecting public health. Surveillance and monitoring of AMR could be important for epidemiological, diagnostic testing and control of pathogens. This is a point-prevalence study reporting the comparative occurrence and co-occurrence of carbapenemase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes among fermenting and nonfermenting bacteria isolated from the aquatic environment in India.202031587338
90950.9999First Description of Colistin and Tigecycline-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Producing KPC-3 Carbapenemase in Portugal. Herein, we describe a case report of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates that were identified from the same patient at a Tertiary University Hospital Centre in Portugal. Antimicrobial susceptibility and the molecular characterization of resistance and virulence determinants were performed. PCR screening identified the presence of the resistance genes bla(KPC-3), bla(TEM-1) and bla(SHV-1) in both isolates. The KPC-3 K. pneumoniae isolate belonged to the ST-14 high risk clone and accumulated an uncommon resistance and virulence profile additional to a horizontal dissemination capacity. In conclusion, the molecular screening led to the first identification of the A. baumannii KPC-3 producer in Portugal with a full antimicrobial resistance profile including tigecycline and colistin.201830404152
90060.9998Presence of OXA-23-producing isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in wastewater from hospitals in southern Brazil. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dissemination of multiresistant isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii carrying resistance genes, by samples of wastewater from hospitals in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We obtained 303 bacterial isolates from the wastewater of three hospitals in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. For each isolate, we determined the profile of susceptibility to antimicrobials and the presence of the genes bla(OXA-23), bla(OXA-24), bla(OXA-51), bla(OXA-58), bla(SPM-1), bla(IMP), and bla(VIM.) The bla(OXA-51) gene was found in 56% of the isolates, indicating the presence of A. baumannii in this environment. Of these, three multiresistant isolates were positive for the bla(OXA-23) gene, in wastewater from two of the hospitals. The results obtained in this study indicate that isolates of A. baumannii which are multiresistant and carry resistance genes such as bla(OXA-51) and bla(OXA-23) are being released into the environment in the wastewater from the hospitals analyzed. Multiresistant Acinetobacter junii, the newly emerging pathogen, were also found among the multiresistant isolates. Hospital wastewater may be crucial to the development and dispersal of multiresistant bacteria, making waterbodies reservoirs of bacterial resistance.201121254809
87070.9998Dissemination of multiple carbapenem-resistant clones of Acinetobacter baumannii in the Eastern District of Saudi Arabia. It has previously been shown that carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are frequently detected in Saudi Arabia. The present study aimed to identify the epidemiology and distribution of antibiotic resistance determinants in these bacteria. A total of 83 A. baumannii isolates were typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and screened by PCR for carbapenemase genes and insertion sequences. Antibiotic sensitivity to imipenem, meropenem, tigecycline, and colistin were determined. Eight different PFGE groups were identified, and were spread across multiple hospitals. Many of the PFGE groups contained isolates belonging to World-wide clone 2. Carbapenem resistance or intermediate resistance was detected in 69% of isolates. The bla VIM gene was detected in 94% of isolates, while bla OXA-23-like genes were detected in 58%. The data demonstrate the co-existence and wide distribution of a number of clones of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii carrying multiple carbapenem-resistance determinants within hospitals in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia.201526191044
150280.9998Tunisian Multicenter Study on the Prevalence of Colistin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Gram Negative Bacilli: Emergence of Escherichia coli Harbouring the mcr-1 Gene. BACKGROUND: Actually, no data on the prevalence of plasmid colistin resistance in Tunisia are available among clinical bacteria. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the current epidemiology of colistin resistance and the spread of the mcr gene in clinical Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) isolated from six Tunisian university hospitals. METHODS: A total of 836 GNB strains were inoculated on COL-R agar plates with selective screening agar for the isolation of GNB resistant to colistin. For the selected isolates, mcr genes, beta-lactamases associated-resistance genes and molecular characterisation were screened by PCRs and sequencing. RESULTS: Colistin-resistance was detected in 5.02% (42/836) of the isolates and colistin-resistant isolates harboured an ESBL (bla(CTX-M-15)) and/or a carbapenemase (bla(OXA-48), bla(VIM)) encoding gene in 45.2% of the cases. The mcr-1 gene was detected in four E. coli isolates (0.59%) causing urinary tract infections and all these isolates also contained the bla(TEM-1) gene. The bla(CTX-M-15) gene was detected in three isolates that also carried the IncY and IncFIB replicons. The genetic environment surrounding the mcr-carrying plasmid indicated the presence of pap-2 gene upstream mcr-1 resistance marker with unusual missing of ISApl1 insertion sequence. THE CONCLUSIONS: This study reports the first description of the mcr-1 gene among clinical E. coli isolates in Tunisia and provides an incentive to conduct routine colistin susceptibility testing in GNB clinical isolates.202236290048
104790.9998Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance profiles of water-borne pathogens. Water sources (surface water, drinking water, rivers, and ponds) are significant reservoirs for transmitting antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In addition, these waters are an important public health problem because they are suitable environments for transferring antibiotic resistance genes between bacterial species. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing isolates in water samples, the susceptibility of the isolates to the specified antibiotics, the determination of biofilm ability, antibiotic resistance genes, and the molecular typing of the isolates. For this purpose, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) analyses were used. Out of 70 isolates, 15 (21%) were ESBL producing, and sent for the MALDI-TOF analysis, where Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Enterobacter bugandensis, Acinetobacter pittii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter junii, Pseudomonas oleovorans, and Enterobacter ludwigigii were identified. Moreover, colistin resistance genes (mcr 1/2/6, mcr 4, mcr 5, mcr 3/7, and mcr 8), ESBL-encoding genes (bla(SHV), bla(TEM), and bla(CTX-M)) and carbapenemase genes (bla(NDM), bla(OXA-48), and bla(KPC)) using molecular analysis (PCR) were confirmed. The colistin resistance gene was detected at 80% (12/15) in the isolates obtained. The distribution of these isolates according to resistance genes was found as mcr 1/2/6 4 (20%), mcr 3/7 3 (13%), and mcr 5 (40%). Additionally, the isolates harbored bla(SHV)(6.6%) and bla(TEM) (6.6%) genes. However, bla(NDM), bla(OXA-48), bla(KPC), and bla(CTX-M) genes were not detected in any isolates. According to the Congo red agar method, seven (46.6%) isolates showed negative biofilm ability, and eight (53.3%) showed moderate biofilm ability. However, the microplate method detected weak biofilm in 53.3% of the isolates. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for the existence of multidrug-resistant bacteria that co-exist with mcr and ESBL genes in water sources. These bacteria can migrate to other environments and pose increasing threats to public health.202337004897
888100.9998Identification of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 in Acinetobacter lwoffii of food animal origin. BACKGROUND: To investigate the presence of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) genes and the genetic environment of the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase gene bla(NDM-1) in bacteria of food animal origin. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Gram-negative bacteria with low susceptibility to imipenem (MIC>8 µg/mL) were isolated from swab samples collected from 15 animal farms and one slaughterhouse in eastern China. These bacteria were selected for phenotypic and molecular detection of known MBL genes and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. For the bla(NDM-1) positive isolate, conjugation and transformation experiments were carried out to assess plasmid transfer. Southern blotting was conducted to localize the bla(NDM-1) genes, and DNA sequencing was performed to determine the sequences of bla(NDM-1) and the flanking genes. In total, nine gram-negative bacteria of four different species presented a MBL phenotype. bla(NDM-1) was identified on a mobile plasmid named pAL-01 in an Acinetobacter lwoffii isolate of chicken origin. Transfer of pAL-01 from this isolate to E. coli J53 and JM109 resulted in resistance to multiple β-lactams. Sequence analysis revealed that the bla(NDM-1) gene is attached to an intact insertion element ISAba125, whose right inverted repeat (IR-R) overlaps with the promoter sequence of bla(NDM-1). Thus, insertion of ISAba125 likely enhances the expression of bla(NDM-1). CONCLUSION: The identification of a bla(NDM-1)- carrying strain of A. lwoffii in chickens suggests the potential for zoonotic transmission of bla(NDM-1) and has important implications for food safety.201222629360
922110.9998Insertion Sequences within Oxacillinases Genes as Molecular Determinants of Acinetobacter baumannii Resistance to Carbapenems-A Pilot Study. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the major problems among hospitalized patients. The presence of multiple virulence factors results in bacteria persistence in the hospital environment. It facilitates bacterial transmission between patients, causing various types of infections, mostly ventilator-associated pneumonia and wound and bloodstream infections. A. baumannii has a variable number of resistance mechanisms, but the most commonly produced are carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D β-lactamases (CHDLs). In our study, the presence of bla(OXA-23), bla(OXA-40) and bla(OXA-51) genes was investigated among 88 clinical isolates of A. baumannii, including 53 (60.2%) strains resistant to both carbapenems (meropenem and imipenem) and 35 (39.8%) strains susceptible to at least meropenem. Among these bacteria, all the isolates carried the bla(OXA-51) gene. The bla(OXA-23) and bla(OXA-40) genes were detected in two (5.7%) and three (8.6%) strains, respectively. Among the OXA-23 carbapenemase-producing A. baumannii strains (n = 55), insertion sequences (ISAba1) were detected upstream of the bla(OXA-23) gene in fifty-two (94.5%) carbapenem-resistant and two (3.6%) meropenem-susceptible isolates. A. baumannii clinical strains from Poland have a similar antimicrobial resistance profile as those worldwide, with the presence of ISAba1 among bla(OXA-23)-positive isolates also being quite common. Carbapenem resistance among A. baumannii strains is associated with the presence of CHDLs, especially when insertion sequences are present.202439458366
906120.9998Related carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella isolates detected in both a hospital and associated aquatic environment in Sweden. Carbapenem antibiotics are one of the last-resort agents against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The occurrence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in wastewater and aquatic environments is an indication of MDR bacteria in the community. This study evaluated CPE in aquatic environments and compared them to the local hospital isolates in Sweden. Phenotypic and genotypic analyses of antibiotic resistance of environmental and clinical CPE were performed. The relatedness of the isolates and possible clonal dissemination was evaluated using phylogenetic and phyloproteomic analysis. Klebsiella oxytoca carrying carbapenemase genes (bla(VIM-1), bla(IMP-29)) were isolated from wastewater and the recipient river, while K. oxytoca (bla(VIM-1)) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (bla(VIM-1), bla(OXA-48), bla(NDM-1), bla(KPC-3)) were isolated from patients at the local clinics or hospital. The K. oxytoca classified as sequence type 172 (ST172) isolated from the river was genotypically related to two clinical isolates recovered from patients. The similarity between environmental and clinical isolates suggests the dispersion of bla(VIM-1) producing K. oxytoca ST172 from hospital to aquatic environment and the likelihood of its presence in the community. This is the first report of CPE in aquatic environments in Sweden; therefore, surveillance of aquatic and hospital environments for CPE in other urban areas is important to determine the major transfer routes in order to formulate strategies to prevent the spread of MDR bacteria.201830171482
1501130.9998High-level and novel mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria from tertiary hospitals in Nigeria. To determine the occurrence and molecular basis of carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacteria from tertiary hospitals in Nigeria, 182 non-duplicate Gram-negative bacterial isolates were investigated for antimicrobial susceptibility, presence of carbapenemases (tested phenotypically and genotypically), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing, plasmid sizing and replicon typing. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of carbapenems showed a high degree of resistance, with 67 isolates (36.8%) being resistant to all carbapenems, of which 40 (59.7%) produced enzymes able to hydrolyse imipenem. PCR and sequencing identified only 10 isolates (5.5%) carrying known carbapenemase genes, including bla(NDM), bla(VIM) and bla(GES). The majority of phenotypically carbapenem-resistant and carbapenemase-producing isolates did not carry a known carbapenemase gene. Transconjugant or transformant plasmid sizes were estimated to be 115 kb for bla(NDM)- and 93 kb for bla(VIM)-carrying plasmids. These plasmids were untypeable for replicon/incompatibility and transferred various other genes including plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes and bla(CTX-M-15). Typing showed that the isolates in this study were not clonally related. There is a high level of carbapenem resistance in Nigeria. As well as the globally relevant carbapenemases (bla(NDM), bla(VIM) and bla(GES)), there are other unknown gene(s) or variant(s) in circulation able to hydrolyse carbapenems and confer high-level resistance.201424613608
954140.9998Hospital effluents as a reservoir of beta-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of beta-lactamase- (bla) producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital effluent samples from two level II and III hospitals in Lima, Peru. The resistance profile of the isolated bacteria was identified and characterized using the MicroScan system for 18 antimicrobials, and the presence of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) (blaCTX-M ,bla SHV bla TEM ,bla PER) and carbapenemases (bla KPC ,bla NDM ,bla VIM ,bla IMP) resistance genes was determined by conventional PCR. Thirty-two isolates were identified (20 Enterobacteriaceae and 12 gram-negative bacteria). All the isolated bacteria showed multidrug resistance. ESBL (bla TEM) and carbapenemase (blaKPC, blaIMP) genes were found in samples from the hospitals that we evaluated. The release of these microorganisms to public areas and the lack of treatment of the hospital effluents could be an important public health problem.202134468580
1051150.9998Multi-drug Resistance, β-Lactamases Production, and Coexistence of bla (NDM-1) and mcr-1 in Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates From a Referral Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. The ability of pathogenic Escherichia coli to produce carbapenemase enzymes is a characteristic that allows them to resist various antibiotics, including last-resort antibiotics like colistin and carbapenem. Our objectives were to identify rapidly developing antibiotic resistance (AR), assess β-lactamases production, and detect mcr-1 and bla (NDM-1) genes in the isolates. A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out in a referral hospital located in Kathmandu from November 2019 to December 2020 using standard laboratory and molecular protocols. Among 77 total E. coli isolates, 64 (83.1%) of them were categorized as MDR. Phenotypically 13 (20.3%) colistin-resistant, 30 (46.9%) ESBL and 8 (12.5%) AmpC producers, and 5 (7.8%) ESBL/AmpC co-producers were distributed among MDR-E. coli. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against the majority of MDR isolates were exhibited at 1 g/L. Of these 77 E. coli isolates, 24 (31.2%) were carbapenem-resistant. Among these carbapenem-resistant bacteria, 11 (45.9%) isolates were reported to be colistin-resistant, while 15 (62.5%) and 2 (8.3%) were MBL and KPC producers, respectively. Out of 15 MBL producers, 6 (40%) harbored bla (NDM-1), and 8 (61.5%) out of 13 colistin-resistant pathogens possessed mcr-1. The resistance by colistin- and carbapenem were statistically associated (P < .001). However, only 2 (18.2%) of the co-resistant bacteria were found to have both genes. Our study revealed the highly prevalent MDR and the carbapenem-resistant E. coli and emphasized that the pathogens possess a wide range of capabilities to synthesize β-lactamases. These findings could assist to expand the understanding of AR in terms of enzyme production.202336741474
980160.9998Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase, Plasmid-Mediated- AmpC, and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Companion and Production Animals in Brazil. The crisis of bacterial resistance is an emerging One Health challenge, driven by the overuse of antimicrobials in medical and agricultural settings. This study aimed to investigate extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), Ampicillinase (AmpC), and carbapenemase production, and the presence of genes encoding these enzymes in Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., and Proteus spp., major contributors to infections and resistance isolates from animals. From 2016 to 2021, 130 multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) isolates were recovered from the secretions, excretions, and organs of companion and production animals with active infections. Antibacterial sensitivity tests, along with phenotypic and genotypic detection of resistance enzymes, were performed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Brazil to estimate the prevalence of XDR Enterobacteriales isolated from companion and production animals, which accounted for 13.8% of the strains. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in resistant bacteria between different classes and within the same class of antibacterial bacteria were found. The statistical probability between genotypic detection of ESBL (OR = 3.1) and phenotypic tests for AmpC (OR = 2.3) was also established. Approximately 32.3%, 17.6%, and 16.8% of the strains had positive phenotypic tests for ESBL, AmpC, and carbapenemases, respectively. Genetic analysis revealed the presence of bla(CTX-M) (60.0%), bla(AmpC) (9.18%), bla(KPC-2) (0.76%), and bla(NDM) (1.52%). AmpC genes were identified in 8.46% of the samples, with bla(CMY) being the most frequent (6.92%), followed by bla(DHA) (0.77%), and bla(FOX) (0.77%). The sequenced amplicons were deposited in NCBI. This study reveals critical data on Enterobacteriaceae with antibacterial resistance genes isolated from animals and may pose a significant threat to One health.202539903315
918170.9998Carbapenem Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria: A Hospital-Based Study in Egypt. Background and Objectives: The global spread of carbapenem resistance and the resulting increase in mortality forced the World Health Organization (WHO) to claim carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (CRE) as global priority pathogens. Our study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase-encoding genes and major plasmid incompatibility groups among Gram-negative hospital-based isolates in Egypt. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Mansoura University Hospitals over 12 months, from January to December 2019. All the isolates were tested for carbapenem resistance. The selected isolates were screened by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of carbapenemase genes, namely bla(KPC), bla(IMP), bla(VIM), and bla(NDM-1). PCR-based plasmid replicon typing was performed using the commercial PBRT kit. Results: Out of 150 isolates, only 30 (20.0%) demonstrated carbapenem resistance. Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most resistant of all isolated bacteria, and bla(NDM) was the predominant carbapenemases gene, while the most prevalent plasmid replicons were the F replicon combination (FIA, FIB, and FII) and A/C. Plasmids were detected only in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Remarkably, we found a statistically significant association between carbapenemase genes and plasmid replicons, including bla(NDM), IncA/C, and IncX. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated an alarming rise of plasmid-mediated carbapenem-resistant bacteria in our locality. The coexistence of resistance genes and plasmids highlights the importance of a targeted antibiotic surveillance program and the development of alternative therapeutic options at the local and international levels. Based on our results, we suggest a large-scale study with more Enterobacteriaceae isolates, testing other carbapenemase-encoding genes, and comparing the replicon typing method with other plasmid detection methods. We also recommend a national action plan to control the irrational use of antibiotics in Egypt.202336837486
994180.9998Moroccan Hospital Cockroaches: Carriers of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) is a growing global health concern, particularly in hospital environments, where cockroaches act as vectors for resistant strains. This study aimed to analyze antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation in GNB isolated from cockroaches collected in the hospital environment. Cockroaches were collected, and bacterial isolation was performed from their gut contents and external surfaces. GNB strains were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using the disk diffusion method and examined for Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and carbapenemases production. Molecular characterization of ESBLs and carbapenemases in GNB involved PCR amplification of antibiotic resistance genes, while biofilm formation was studied using a microplate assay. Seventy-five cockroaches were collected from which 165 GNB were isolated. The prevalence of ESBL-producing and carbapenemase-producing GNB was 6.7 and 1.8%, respectively. The predominant ESBL gene was bla(CTX-M-28), while bla(NDM-1) was the only carbapenemase gene detected. The qnrS1 gene was found in one NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and three ESBL-producing Escherichia coli. The qacΔE1 gene was detected in an NDM-1-producing Citrobacter freundii and a CTX-M-28-producing E. coli, whereas one NDM-1-producing Enterobacter cloacae carried both qacΔE1 and acrA genes. Strains harboring qacΔE1 and/or acrA genes exhibited biofilm-forming capabilities, with biofilm formation observed in 81.81% of ESBL-producing isolates and 100% of carbapenemase-producing isolates. The study underscores the role of cockroaches in carrying and disseminating ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing GNB in hospital settings. The coexistence of disinfectant resistance genes and antibiotic resistance suggests co-selection mechanisms, while biofilm formation enhances bacterial survival. These findings underline the urgent need for infection control strategies.202540095169
2126190.9998Carbapenemase genes among multidrug resistant gram negative clinical isolates from a tertiary hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania. The burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is rapidly growing across antibiotic classes, with increased detection of isolates resistant to carbapenems. Data on the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in developing countries is limited; therefore, in this study, we determined the prevalence of carbapenemase genes among multidrug resistant gram negative bacteria (MDR-GNB) isolated from clinical specimens in a tertiary hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania. A total of 227 MDR-GNB isolates were analyzed for carbapenem resistance genes. For each isolate, five different PCR assays were performed, allowing for the detection of the major carbapenemase genes, including those encoding the VIM-, IMP-, and NDM-type metallo-beta-lactamases, the class A KPC-type carbapenemases, and the class D OXA-48 enzyme. Of 227 isolates, 80 (35%) were positive for one or more carbapenemase gene. IMP-types were the most predominant gene followed by VIM, in 49 (21.59%) and 28 (12%) isolates, respectively. Carbapenemase genes were most detected in K. pneumoniae 24 (11%), followed by P. aeruginosa 23 (10%), and E. coli with 19 isolates (8%). We have demonstrated for the first time a high prevalence of MDR-GNB clinical isolates having carbapenem resistance genes in Tanzania. We recommend routine testing for carbapenem resistance among the MDR-GNB particularly in systemic infections.201424707481