Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria Isolated from Exotic Pets: The Situation in the Iberian Peninsula. - Related Documents




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85201.0000Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria Isolated from Exotic Pets: The Situation in the Iberian Peninsula. Literature related to antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria in exotic pets is minimal, being essential to report objective data on this topic, which represents a therapeutic challenge for veterinary medicine and public health. Between 2016 and 2020, laboratory records of 3156 exotic pet specimens' microbiological diagnoses and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) results were examined. The samples were classified into three animal classes: birds (n = 412), mammalia (n = 2399), and reptilian (n = 345). The most prevalent bacteria in birds and mammals were Staphylococcus spp. (15% and 16%), while in reptiles they were Pseudomonas spp. (23%). Pseudomonas was the genus with the highest levels of AMR in all animal groups, followed by Enterococcus spp. By contrast, Gram-positive cocci and Pasteurella spp. were the most sensitive bacteria. Moreover, in reptiles, Stenotrophomonas spp., Morganella spp., and Acinetobacter spp. presented high levels of AMR. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria were isolates from reptiles (21%), birds (17%), and mammals (15%). The Enterobacterales had the highest MDR levels: S. marcescens (94.4%), C. freundii (50%), M. morganii (47.4%), K. pneumoniae (46.6%), E. cloacae (44%), and E. coli (38.3%). The prevalence of MDR P. aeruginosa strains was 8%, detecting one isolate with an XDR profile. Regarding antimicrobial use, many antibiotics described as critically important for human use had significant AMR prevalence in bacteria isolated from exotic pets. Under the One-Health approach, these results are alarming and of public health concern since potential transmission of AMR bacteria and genes can occur from exotic pets to their owners in both senses. For this reason, the collaboration between veterinarians and public health professionals is crucial.202235953901
85110.9998Looking for ESKAPE Bacteria: Occurrence and Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Wild Birds from Northern and Central Italy Sites. BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial resistance is a critical global health challenge. Among resistant pathogens, the group of bacteria collectively referred to as ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) is of particular concern due to their ability to evade multiple classes of antimicrobials. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and resistance patterns of ESKAPE bacteria in wild birds from Northern and Central Italy sites, and to assess the presence of other bacteria of public health relevance. METHODS: Cloacal swabs were collected from 141 wild birds. Samples were processed on selective and differential media, and bacterial identification was performed using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration assays and interpreted according to international guidelines. RESULTS: Thirty-seven isolates belonging to the ESKAPE group were identified: E. faecium (n = 10), K. pneumoniae (n = 9), P. aeruginosa (n = 8), Enterobacter spp. (n = 7), S. aureus (n = 2), and A. baumannii (n = 1). Multidrug-resistant isolates were observed among K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter hormaechei. Escherichia coli, although not included in the ESKAPE group, was frequently detected and often co-isolated with clinically relevant bacteria, highlighting its potential role as a reservoir of resistance genes. CONCLUSIONS: Wild birds can harbor resistant bacteria of clinical importance, including multidrug-resistant ESKAPE species. Their presence in avian populations underscores the role of wildlife in the environmental dissemination of antimicrobial resistance, with implications for both animal and human health.202541148717
85320.9998Nosocomial Pneumonia in Georgia: A Focus on Gram-Positive Bacteria and Antimicrobial Resistance. Nosocomial pneumonia represents a significant clinical challenge worldwide, and in Georgia, the burden of this healthcare-associated infection is a growing concern. This study investigates the role of gram-positive bacteria in nosocomial pneumonia cases, focusing on their prevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns, and associated risk factors. A retrospective analysis of 484 clinical samples collected from 397 patients between May 2022 and September 2024 highlights the distribution of pathogens, with a particular emphasis on Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Among gram-positive pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent, accounting for 103 cases (21.3%), followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae with 45 cases (9.3%). The study identifies alarming rates of antimicrobial resistance among gram-positive pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus isolates demonstrated universal penicillinase production (103/103, 100%) and high levels of mecA-mediated methicillin resistance (89/103, 86.4%) and erm-mediated macrolide resistance (74/103, 71.8%). Additionally, notable resistance was observed to tetracycline (93/103, 90.3%), aminoglycosides (31/103, 30.1%), and fluoroquinolones (41/103, 39.8%). Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates exhibited universal penicillinase production (45/45, 100%), with complete beta-lactam resistance found in 42 isolates (42/45, 93.3%), mediated through mutations in the pbp1a, pbp2x, and pbp2b genes. Furthermore, erm(B)-mediated macrolide resistance was observed in 37 isolates (37/45, 82.2%), tetM-mediated tetracycline resistance in 37 isolates (37/45, 82.2%), and fluoroquinolone resistance in 13 isolates (13/45, 28.9%). One isolate of each pathogen demonstrated vancomycin resistance, underscoring the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. The study underscores the need for stringent infection control measures and rational antibiotic stewardship to mitigate the impact of resistant gram-positive pathogens in Georgian healthcare settings. The findings also stress the importance of continuous surveillance to monitor resistance trends and guide empirical therapy. By exploring the resistance mechanisms and prevalence of gram-positive bacteria in nosocomial pneumonia, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the local epidemiology and highlights actionable insights for improving patient outcomes.202539974234
100430.9998Hospital Wastes as Potential Sources for Multi-Drug-Resistant ESBL-Producing Bacteria at a Tertiary Hospital in Ethiopia. The hospital environment is increasingly becoming an important reservoir for multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria, posing serious challenges to efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aimed to investigate the role of hospital waste as a potential source of MDR ESBL-producing bacteria. Samples were collected from multiple sources within a hospital and its vicinity, including surface swabs, houseflies, and sewage samples. The samples were subsequently processed in a microbiology laboratory to identify potential pathogenic bacteria and confirmed using MALDI-TOF MS. Bacteria were isolated from 87% of samples, with the predominant isolates being E. coli (30.5%), Klebsiella spp. (12.4%), Providencia spp. (12.4%), and Proteus spp. (11.9%). According to the double disc synergy test (DDST) analysis, nearly half (49.2%) of the bacteria were identified as ESBL producers. However, despite exhibiting complete resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, 11.8% of them did not test positive for ESBL production. The characterization of E. coli revealed that 30.6% and 5.6% of them carried blaCTX-M group 1 type-15 and blaNDM genes, respectively. This finding emphasizes the importance of proper hospital sanitation and waste management practices to mitigate the spread of AMR within the healthcare setting and safeguard the health of both patients and the wider community.202438667050
163440.9998Sick pets as potential reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Singapore. An analysis of 186 diagnostic reports collected from a veterinary clinic in Singapore between 2014 to 2016 showed that sick companion animals can carry bacteria that are of significance to human health. Among the 186 specimens submitted, 82 showed polymicrobial growth (45%, 82/186) and in total, 359 bacteria were isolated. Of the 359 bacteria reported, 45% (162/359) were multi-drug resistant and 18% (66/359) were extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase species. Resistance to broad-spectrum antibiotics were also observed among individual species. Namely, methicillin-resistance among Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (63%, 32/51) and Staphylococcus aureus (50%, 4/8); fluoroquinolone-resistance among Escherichia coli (40%, 17/42) and carbapenem-resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae (7%, 2/30) were noted. Our analysis suggests that sick pets may contribute to the pool of clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria and play a role in the spread of antibiotic resistance in Singapore. A more extensive study to better understand the extent of distribution and the factors affecting transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria to and from pets is necessary.201830186596
196450.9998Antimicrobial resistance of pet-derived bacteria in China, 2000-2020. With the rapid growth of the pet industry in China, bacterial infectious diseases in pets have increased, highlighting the need to monitor antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pet-derived bacteria to improve the diagnosis and treatment. Before the establishment of the China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network for Pets (CARPet) in 2021, a comprehensive analysis of such data in China was lacking. Our review of 38 point-prevalence surveys conducted between 2000 and 2020 revealed increasing trends in AMR among pet-derived Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp., and other bacterial pathogens in China. Notable resistance to β-lactams and fluoroquinolones, which are largely used in both pets and livestock animals, was observed. For example, resistance rates for ampicillin and ciprofloxacin in E. coli frequently exceeded 50.0%, with up to 41.3% of the isolates producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases. The emergence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae and E. coli, carrying bla(NDM) and bla(OXA) genes, highlighted the need for vigilant monitoring. The detection rate of SCCmec (Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec), a genetic element associated with methicillin resistance, in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolated from pets in China was found to be over 40.0%. The resistance rate of E. faecalis to vancomycin was 2.1% (5/223) in East China, which was higher than the detection rate of human-derived vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (0.1%, 12/11,215). Establishing the national AMR surveillance network CARPet was crucial, focusing on representative cities, diverse clinical samples, and including both commonly used antimicrobial agents in veterinary practice and critically important antimicrobial agents for human medicine, such as carbapenems, tigecycline, and vancomycin.202540135877
161060.9998Antimicrobial resistance and metallo-beta-lactamase producing among commensal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy children of Khuzestan and Fars provinces; Iran. BACKGROUND: The emergence of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing isolates is alarming since they carry mobile genetic elements with great ability to spread; therefore, early detection of these isolates, particularly their reservoir, is crucial to prevent their inter- and intra-care setting dissemination and establish suitable antimicrobial therapies. The current study was designed to evaluate the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), MBL producers and identification of MBL resistance genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from fecal samples of the healthy children under 3 years old. A total of 412 fecal E. coli isolates were collected from October 2017 to December 2018. The study population included healthy infants and children aged < 3 years who did not exhibit symptoms of any diseases, especially gastrointestinal diseases. E. coli isolates were assessed to determine the pattern of AMR. E. coli isolates were assessed to determine the pattern of AMR, the production of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and MBL by phenotypic methods. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated for the presence of MBL and carbapenemase genes, plasmid profiling, and the ability of conjugation. RESULTS: In sum, AMR, multi-drug resistance (MDR) and ESBL production were observed in more than 54.9, 36.2 and 11.7% of commensal E. coli isolates, respectively. Out of six isolates resistant to imipenem and meropenem, four isolates were phenotypically detected as MBL producers. Two and one E. coli strains carried the bla(NDM-1) and bla(VIM-2) genes, respectively and were able to transmit imipenem resistance through conjugation. CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that children not exposed to antibiotics can be colonized by E. coli isolates resistant to the commonly used antimicrobial compounds and can be a good indicator for the occurrence and prevalence of AMR in the community. These bacteria can act as a potential reservoir of AMR genes including MBL genes of pathogenic bacteria and lead to the dissemination of resistance mechanisms to other bacteria.202033256594
100570.9998Prevalence and Characterization of Beta-Lactam and Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Organic Fresh Produce Retailed in Eastern Spain. Fresh fruits and vegetables are potential reservoirs for antimicrobial resistance determinants, but few studies have focused specifically on organic vegetables. The present study aimed to determine the presence of third-generation cephalosporin (3GC)- and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria on fresh organic vegetables produced in the city of Valencia (Spain). Main expanded spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)- and carbapenemase-encoding genes were also detected in the isolates. One hundred and fifteen samples were analyzed using selective media supplemented with cefotaxime and meropenem. Resistance assays for twelve relevant antibiotics in medical use were performed using a disc diffusion test. A total of 161 isolates were tested. Overall, 33.5% presented multidrug resistance and 16.8% were resistant to all β-lactam antibiotics tested. Imipenem resistance was observed in 18% of isolates, and low resistance levels were found to ceftazidime and meropenem. Opportunistic pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter spp., Raoultella sp., and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were detected, all presenting high rates of resistance. PCR assays revealed bla(VIM) to be the most frequently isolated ESBL-encoding gene, followed by bla(TEM) and bla(OXA-48). These results confirm the potential of fresh vegetables to act as reservoirs for 3GC- and carbapenem-producing ARB. Further studies must be carried out to determine the impact of raw organic food on the spread of AMRs into the community.202336830297
266380.9997Antimicrobial susceptibility profile of oral and rectal microbiota of non-human primate species in Ghana: A threat to human health. BACKGROUND: The potential for the transfer of zoonotic diseases, including bacteria between human and non-human primates (NHPs), is expected to rise. It is posited that NHPs that live in close contact with humans serve as sentinels and reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to characterize the oral and rectal bacteria in Ghanaian NHPs and profile the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated bacteria. METHODS: Oral and rectal swabs were obtained from 40 immobilized wild and captive NHPs from 7 locations in Ghana. Standard bacteriological procedures were used in the isolation, preliminary identification, automated characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) of bacteria using the Vitek 2 Compact system. RESULTS: Gram-negative bacteria dominated isolates from the rectal swabs (n = 76, 85.4%), whereas Gram-positive bacteria were more common in the oral swabs (n = 41, 82%). Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n = 7, 14%) was the most occurring bacterial species isolated from the oral swabs, whereas Escherichia coli (n = 32, 36%) dominated bacteria isolates from rectal swabs. Enterobacter spp. had the highest (39%) average phenotypic resistance to antimicrobials that were used for AST, whereas a trend of high resistance was recorded against norfloxacin, Ampicillin and Tetracycline in Gram-negative bacteria. Similarly, among Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus spp. had the highest (25%) average phenotypic resistance to antimicrobials used for AST, and a trend of high resistance was recorded against penicillin G and oxacillin. CONCLUSIONS: This study has established that apparently healthy NHPs that live in anthropized environments in Ghana harbour zoonotic and antimicrobial resistant bacteria.202337733757
161890.9997Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli from Fecal Samples of Wild Animals. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance in fecal Escherichia coli isolates from wildlife is crucial for monitoring the spread of this microorganism in the environment and for developing effective AMR control strategies. Wildlife can act as carriers of AMR bacteria and spread them to other wildlife, domestic animals, and humans; thus, they have public health implications. A total of 128 Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from 66 of 217 fecal samples obtained from different wild animals using media without antibiotic supplementation. Antibiograms were performed for 17 antibiotics to determine the phenotypic resistance profile in these isolates. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was tested using the double-disc synergy test, and 29 E. coli strains were selected for whole genome sequencing. In total, 22.1% of the wild animals tested carried multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates, and 0.93% (2/217) of these wild animals carried E. coli isolates with ESBL-encoding genes (bla(CTX-M-65), bla(CTX-M-55), and bla(EC-1982)). The E. coli isolates showed the highest resistance rates to ampicillin and were fully susceptible to amikacin, meropenem, ertapenem, and imipenem. Multiple resistance and virulence genes were detected, as well as different plasmids. The relatively high frequency of multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates in wildlife, with some of them being ESBL producers, raises some concern regarding the potential transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria among these animals. Gaining insights into antibiotic resistance patterns in wildlife can be vital in shaping conservation initiatives and developing effective strategies for responsible antibiotic use.202439453061
2678100.9997Phenotypic and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant mastitis causing pathogens in dairy cattle. This study focused on isolating antibiotic-resistant mastitogens from cow milk; 57% of 100 samples tested positive by California mastitis test. Bacterial species from each milk sample were isolated and identified using Vitek® 2 automated system. Out of the 167 bacterial strains isolated, 14 were multidrug-resistant (MDR) and were further identified as belonging to Staphylococcus spp. Enterobacter spp. Morganella spp. and Elizabethkingia spp. Staphylococcus strains showed the highest resistance by phenotypic and genotypic screening, with 8% of mastitis isolates identified as MDR. These MDR bacterial strains were also found to harbour antibiotic resistance genes such as mecA (21%), blaZ (43%), gyrA (50%), and gyrB (59%). The tissue culture plate assay showed 11 multidrug-resistant bacteria as strong biofilm formers and the biofilm-related atlE gene was analysed from Staphylococcal strain M33.1. The findings highlight a public health risk from resistant dairy bacteria, emphasizing prophylactic measures and responsible antimicrobial use to prevent zoonotic transmission.202541115007
1961110.9997Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance of Canine Otitis Pathogens in the Iberian Peninsula (2010-2021). Background: The close relationship between humans and petsraises health concerns due to the potential transmission of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria and genes. Bacterial otitis is an emerging health problem in dogs, given its widespread prevalence and impact on animal welfare. Early detection of resistance is vital in veterinary medicine to anticipate future treatment challenges. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of AMR bacteria involved in 12,498 cases of otitis in dogs from the Iberian Peninsula and the evolution of AMR patterns over an 11-year period. Methods: Data was provided by the Veterinary Medicine Department of a large private diagnostic laboratory in Barcelona. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the standard disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing. Results: The frequency of the principal bacterial agents was 35% Staphylococcus spp. (principally S. pseudointermedius), 20% Pseudomonas spp. (P. aeruginosa), 13% Streptococcus spp. (S. canis), and 11% Enterobacterales (Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed P. aeruginosa (among Gram-negatives) and Enterococcus faecalis (among Gram-positives) as the species with the highest AMR to multiple antimicrobial classes throughout the years. According to the frequency and time evolution of multidrug resistance (MDR), Gram-negative bacteria like P. mirabilis (33%) and E. coli (25%) presented higher MDR rates compared to Gram-positive strains like Corynebacterium (7%) and Enterococcus (5%). The AMR evolution also showed an increase in resistance patterns in Proteus spp. to doxycycline and Streptococcus spp. to amikacin. Conclusions: This information can be useful for clinicians, particularly in this region, to make rational antimicrobial use decisions, especially when empirical treatment is common in companion animal veterinary medicine. In summary, improving treatment guidelines is a key strategy for safeguarding both animal and human health, reinforcing the One Health approach.202540298475
877120.9997Drug resistance analysis of three types of avian-origin carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Shandong Province, China. Animal-derived Enterobacteriaceae bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) are important food-borne zoonotic bacilli that exist widely in the broiler-breeding industry. Although carbapenem antibiotics are considered to be the last line of defense against multidrug-resistant bacteria, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) break through them. In our study, we therefore, examined the prevalence of CRE and characteristics of antimicrobial resistance in 6 conventional broiler-fattening farms in Shandong Province, China. Our study revealed isolation rates of 3.57% (6/168) for carbapenem-resistant E. coli, 10% (5/50) for carbapenem-resistant P. mirabilis, and 3.03% (1/33) for carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. All 12 CRE bacterial strains showed varying degrees of resistance to 27 antibiotics in 8 classes and were multidrug-resistant. The rate of the strains containing bla(NDM) genes, at 91.67% (11/12), was especially high. Among other results, the carrying rate of integrons in CRE bacteria was 91.67% (11/12), and 2 strains carried both class I and class II integrons, which accelerated the lateral transmission of resistant bacteria. Our first-ever finding of the 3 CRE bacteria E. coli, P. mirabilis, and K. pneumoniae on the same broiler farm suggests that poultry-derived CRE strains may pose a risk to humans. Moreover, our findings from surveillance can inform current understandings of the prevalence and characteristics of multidrug-resistant CRE in Shandong Province and, in turn, help to curb threats to food safety and public health and better prevent and control infectious zoonotic diseases.202336682131
854130.9997Dynamics of Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Risk Factors Associated with Infections Caused by Colistin-Resistant Bacteria: A Study from the Northern Region of Haryana, India. Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to global health, with colistin as a last-resort antibiotic against multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms. The present study aimed to investigate the dynamics of antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and risk factors associated with infections caused by colistin-resistant bacteria in the Northern region of Haryana, India. Clinical samples (n = 12,652) collected from a single hospital in Haryana were subjected to microbiological analysis for five months. Among the total samples (n = 12,652) processed, 24% (n = 3,061) showed growth of pathogenic bacteria. Within the Gram-negative isolates, 56% (n = 1,242) were non-MDR, while 44% (n = 995) were MDR. Among MDR isolates (n = 995), 6% (n = 57) showed resistance to colistin. Notably, Pseudomonas spp. (12%, n = 19) and Acinetobacter spp. (11%, n = 8) demonstrated the highest resistance to colistin, followed by Klebsiella spp. (5%, n = 13), Escherichia coli (3%, n = 16), and Citrobacter freundii (1%, n = 1), respectively. The study revealed significant associations between the level of education (demographic variable) and the occurrence of colistin resistance. Prolonged hospital stays (> 5 days) and specific comorbidities, including diabetes (p < 0.01) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p < 0.01), were identified as risk factors for colistin-resistant infections. Importantly, none of the colistin-resistant bacteria harbored mcr genes, suggesting alternative resistance mechanisms. Antibiotic sensitivity analysis indicated promising efficacy of antibiotics such as amikacin and gentamicin against colistin-resistant strains, though with variations across bacterial species. In summary, the study emphasizes the urgent need for enhanced surveillance, infection control protocols, and antimicrobial stewardship programs in healthcare settings to minimize the dissemination of MDR and colistin-resistant bacteria.202540146792
2662140.9997Nasal Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Sciuri Group by Residents of an Urban Informal Settlement in Kenya. BACKGROUND: The Staphylococcus sciuri group constitutes animal-associated bacteria but can comprise up to 4% of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from human clinical samples. They are reservoirs of resistance genes that are transferable to Staphylococcus aureus but their distribution in communities in sub-Saharan Africa is unknown despite the clinical importance of methicillin-resistant S. aureus. OBJECTIVES: We characterised methicillin-resistant S. sciuri group isolates from nasal swabs of presumably healthy people living in an informal settlement in Nairobi to identify their resistance patterns, and carriage of two methicillin resistance genes. METHOD: Presumptive methicillin-resistant S. sciuri group were isolated from HardyCHROM™ methicillin-resistant S. aureus media. Isolate identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done using the VITEK(®)2 Compact. DNA was extracted using the ISOLATE II genomic kit and polymerase chain reaction used to detect mecA and mecC genes. Results: Of 37 presumptive isolates, 43% (16/37) were methicillin-resistant including - S. sciuri (50%; 8/16), S. lentus (31%; 5/16) and S. vitulinus (19%; 3/16). All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, nitrofurantoin and tigecycline. Resistance was observed to clindamycin (63%), tetracycline (56%), erythromycin (56%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (25%), daptomycin (19%), rifampicin (13%), doxycycline, linezolid, and vancomycin (each 6%). Most isolates (88%; 14/16) were resistant to at least 2 antibiotic combinations, including methicillin. The mecA and mecC genes were identified in 75% and 50% of isolates, respectively. CONCLUSION: Colonizing S. sciuri group bacteria can carry resistance to methicillin and other therapeutic antibiotics. This highlights their potential to facilitate antimicrobial resistance transmission in community and hospital settings. Surveillance for emerging multidrug resistant strains should be considered in high transmission settings where human-animal interactions are prevalent. Our study scope precluded identifying other molecular determinants for all the observed resistance phenotypes. Larger studies that address the prevalence and risk factors for colonization with S. sciuri group and adopt a one health approach can complement the surveillance efforts.202337529492
2310150.9997Molecular and Clinical Data of Antimicrobial Resistance in Microorganisms Producing Bacteremia in a Multicentric Cohort of Patients with Cancer in a Latin American Country. Patients with cancer have a higher risk of severe bacterial infections. This study aims to determine the frequency, susceptibility profiles, and resistance genes of bacterial species involved in bacteremia, as well as risk factors associated with mortality in cancer patients in Colombia. In this prospective multicenter cohort study of adult patients with cancer and bacteremia, susceptibility testing was performed and selected resistance genes were identified. A multivariate regression analysis was carried out for the identification of risk factors for mortality. In 195 patients, 206 microorganisms were isolated. Gram-negative bacteria were more frequently found, in 142 cases (68.9%): 67 Escherichia coli (32.5%), 36 Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.4%), and 21 Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.1%), and 18 other Gram-negative isolates (8.7%). Staphylococcus aureus represented 12.4% (n = 25). Among the isolates, resistance to at least one antibiotic was identified in 63% of them. Genes coding for extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases, blaCTX-M and blaKPC, respectively, were commonly found. Mortality rate was 25.6% and it was lower in those with adequate empirical antibiotic treatment (22.0% vs. 45.2%, OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.1-0.63, in the multivariate model). In Colombia, in patients with cancer and bacteremia, bacteria have a high resistance profile to beta-lactams, with a high incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases. Adequate empirical treatment diminishes mortality, and empirical selection of treatment in this environment of high resistance is of key importance.202336838324
1003160.9997Molecular Surveillance and Dissemination of Klebsiella pneumoniae on Frequently Encountered Surfaces in South African Public Hospitals. Bacteria that cause life-threatening illnesses in humans are also capable of contaminating hospital surfaces, thus pose as a potential source of infection. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, genetic diversity, virulence, and antibiotic resistance profile of Klebsiella pneumoniae in South Africa. In a nonoutbreak setting involving four public hospitals, 777 samples were collected in three different wards from 11 different sites. Phenotypic and genotypic methods were used for isolation and identification. The Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method was used to examine antibiotic resistance followed by the combination disk method to characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs). Antibiotic resistance and virulence genes were screened using PCR and clonality was investigated using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR. Seventy-five (10%) K. pneumoniae isolates were recovered. These isolates were obtained from all four hospitals and all three wards involved. However, only six frequently touched surfaces were contaminated. Thirty (40%) isolates were characterized as ESBLs showing high resistance to antibiotics and mostly harboring the bla(CTX-M) group one gene. Virulence genes were highly prevalent among all the isolates. ERIC-PCR showed that the isolates recovered from different sites within the same hospital were genetically similar. The study highlighted that K. pneumoniae can contaminate various surfaces and this persistence allows for the dissemination of bacteria within the hospital environment. The information from this study can assist hospitals to evaluate and improve current infection prevention and control interventions in place.202234170205
1652170.9997Diversity of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria isolated from Australian chicken and pork meat. Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are frequently isolated from retail meat and may infect humans. To determine the diversity of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in Australian retail meat, bacteria were cultured on selective media from raw chicken (n = 244) and pork (n = 160) meat samples obtained from all four major supermarket chains in the ACT/NSW, Australia, between March and June 2021. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed for 13 critically and 4 highly important antibiotics as categorised by the World Health Organization (WHO) for a wide range of species detected in the meat samples. A total of 288 isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to identify the presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, virulence genes, and plasmids. AST testing revealed that 35/288 (12%) of the isolates were found to be multidrug-resistant (MDR). Using WGS data, 232/288 (81%) of the isolates were found to harbour resistance genes for critically or highly important antibiotics. This study reveals a greater diversity of AMR genes in bacteria isolated from retail meat in Australia than previous studies have shown, emphasising the importance of monitoring AMR in not only foodborne pathogenic bacteria, but other species that are capable of transferring AMR genes to pathogenic bacteria.202438440146
1006180.9997Prevalence, incidence and risk factors for acquisition and colonization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae from dogs attended at a veterinary hospital in Spain. The last 10 years have seen a progressive increase in antibiotic resistance rates in bacteria isolated from companion animals. Exposure of individuals to resistant bacteria from companion animals, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL) and carbapenemase- (CPE) producing Enterobacteriaceae, can be propitiated. Few studies evaluate the incidence and risk factors associated with colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria in dogs. This work aims to estimate the prevalence, incidence and risk factors associated with colonization of ESBL-E and CPE-E in 44 canine patients hospitalized in a veterinary hospital. The antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae strains was analyzed and the molecular detection of resistant genes was performed. A prevalence of 25.0% and an incidence of ESBL-E of 45.5% were observed in dogs colonized by Enterobacteriaceae at hospital admission and release, respectively. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter koseri and Morganella morganii were identified as ESBL-producing bacterial species. Resistance genes were detected for ESBL-producing strains. No CPE isolates were obtained on the CPE-selective medium. The administration of corticosteroids prior to hospitalization and the presence of concomitant diseases were associated with colonization by these bacteria in dogs. Considering that one-quarter of the patients evaluated were colonized by ESBL-E, companion animals should be considered as potential transmission vehicles and ESBL-E reservoirs for humans. Special care should be taken in animals attended at veterinary hospitals, as the length of stay in the hospital could increase the risks.202336509030
1956190.9997Wounds of Companion Animals as a Habitat of Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria That Are Potentially Harmful to Humans-Phenotypic, Proteomic and Molecular Detection. Skin wounds and their infections by antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are very common in small animals, posing the risk of acquiring ARB by pet owners or antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) transfer to the owners' microbiota. The aim of this study was to identify the most common pathogens infecting wounds of companion animals, assess their antibiotic resistance, and determine the ARGs using culture-based, molecular, and proteomic methods. A total of 136 bacterial strains were isolated from wound swabs. Their species was identified using chromogenic media, followed by MALDI-TOF spectrometry. Antibiotic resistance was tested using disc diffusion, and twelve ARGs were detected using PCRs. The dominant species included Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (9.56%), E. coli, and E. faecalis (both n = 11, 8.09%). Enterobacterales were mostly resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (68.3% strains), all Pseudomonas were resistant to ceftazidime, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, and tylosin, Acinetobacter were mostly resistant to tylosin (55.5%), all Enterococcus were resistant to imipenem, and 39.2% of Staphylococci were resistant to clindamycin. Among ARGs, strA (streptomycin resistance), sul3 (sulfonamide resistance), and blaTEM, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase determinant, were the most frequent. The risk of ARB and ARG transfer between animals and humans causes the need to search for new antimicrobial therapies in future veterinary medicine.202438542095