Occurrence and human exposure risk of antibiotic resistance genes in tillage soils of dryland regions: A case study of northern Ningxia Plain, China. - Related Documents




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721901.0000Occurrence and human exposure risk of antibiotic resistance genes in tillage soils of dryland regions: A case study of northern Ningxia Plain, China. Agricultural soils are important source and sink of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). However, little is known about the fate of ARGs in dryland soils, while its human exposure risks were seriously overlooked. Taking the northern Ningxia Plain as a case, this study explored the occurrence of ARGs and its relationship with mobile genetic elements (MGEs), pathogens, and environmental factors. Furthermore, the concentrations of airborne ARGs by soil wind erosion and the human exposure doses of soil ARGs were evaluated. The results showed the abundances of different regions ranged from 4.0 × 10(5) to 1.6 × 10(6) copies/g. Soil ARGs are driven by MGEs, but multiply impacted by soil properties, nutrition, and bacterial community. Vibrio metschnikovii, Acinetobacter schindleri, and Serratia marcescens are potential pathogenic hosts for ARGs. Further exploration revealed the concentration of ARGs loaded in dust by soil wind erosion reached more than 10(5) copies/m(3), which were even higher than those found in sewage treatment plants and hospitals. Skin contact is the primary route of ARGs exposure, with a maximum dose of 24071.33 copies/kg/d, which is largely attributed to ARGs loaded in dust. This study bridged the gap on ARGs in dryland soils, and provided reference for human exposure risk assessment of soil ARGs.202439276744
683810.9997Seasonal variation characteristics of inhalable bacteria in bioaerosols and antibiotic resistance genes in Harbin. Bioaerosols have received extensive attention due to their impact on climate, ecological environment, and human health. This study aimed to reveal the driving factors that structure bacterial community composition and the transmission route of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in PM(2.5). The results showed that the bacterial concentration in spring (8.76 × 10(5) copies/m(3)) was significantly higher than that in summer (1.03 × 10(5) copies/m(3)) and winter (4.74 × 10(4) copies/m(3)). Low temperatures and air pollution in winter negatively affected bacterial concentrations. Keystone taxa were identified by network analysis. Although about 50 % of the keystone taxa had low relative abundances, the strong impact of complex interactions between keystone taxa and other taxa on bacterial community structure deserved attention. The bacterial community assembly was dominated by stochastic processes (79.3 %). Interactions between bacteria and environmental filtering together affected bacterial community composition. Vertical gene transfer played an important role in the transmission of airborne ARGs. Given the potential integration and expression of ARGs in recipients, the human exposure risk due to high concentrations of ARGs and mobile genetic elements cannot be ignored. This study highlights human exposure to inhalable bacterial pathogens and ARGs in urban areas.202336584645
683920.9997Bioaerosol is an important transmission route of antibiotic resistance genes in pig farms. Although pig farms are hotspots of antibiotic resistance due to intensive use of antibiotics, little is known about the abundance, diversity and transmission of airborne antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This study reports that bioaerosol is an important spread route of ARGs in pig farms. ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and bacterial communities were investigated in both air and feces samples during winter and summer. The average concentration of airborne ARGs and MGEs during winter is higher than that during summer when using the ventilation system. The tetM is identified as the predominant airborne ARG with abundance of 6.3 ± 1.2 log copies/m(3). Clostridium and Streptococcus are two dominant bacteria and several opportunistic pathogens are detected in air samples. High temperature is favorable for more diverse bacterial communities, but relative humidity has negative effects. The wind speed promotes the spread of airborne ARGs. The network analysis results show the average fecal contribution to airborne bacteria is 19.9% and 59.4% during summer and winter, respectively. Horizontal gene transfer plays an important role in the dissemination of airborne ARGs during winter (77.8% possibility), while a lower possibility of 12.0% in summer.202133864959
685430.9997Characteristics and driving factors of antibiotic resistance genes in aquaculture products from freshwater ponds in China Yangtze River Delta. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widespread in aquaculture and pose a huge threat to aquaculture organisms and human health. In this study, occurrences and relative abundances of ARGs were analysed in the guts of products cultured in freshwater ponds in the Yangtze River Delta region in China. A total of 29 ARGs were found in the gut samples, with detection frequencies ranging from 4.8% to 81%, and the relative abundances (ARGs/16S rRNA) ranging from 10(-7) to 1. In addition, the human dietary intake of ARGs via aquaculture products was assessed, where the daily intake of most ARGs via aquaculture products was higher than those via PM2.5 and drinking water, but lower than that via vegetables. The relative abundances of MGE (IS613, Tp614, tnpA and int1) were significantly correlated with those of multiple ARGs, indicating the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs among gut microorganisms. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the dominated microbial communities found in the guts of aquaculture products. In addition, significant correlations were found between Cyanobacteria and int1, between Nitrospira and tetE, and between sul2 and aadA2, indicating potential same hosts of these genes. In addition, results from co-correlation indicated both HGT (dominated by MGEs) of ARGs and the enrichment of ARGs in bacteria. MGEs, mostly int1, were more effective than bacteria in increasing the ARG abundance. This study could provide a better understanding of the transmission of ARGs in the aquaculture environment and improve the quality of aquaculture products and the ecology.202436756971
715540.9996Profiles of antibiotic resistance genes in an inland salt-lake Ebinur Lake, Xinjiang, China: The relationship with antibiotics, environmental factors, and microbial communities. Lakes in arid northwestern China, as the main pollutant-holding water bodies in the typical ecologically fragile areas, are facing the unknown risk of exposure to antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, five ARGs and one mobile genetic element (intI1) and their relation with antibiotics, microbial communities and water quality were investigated in Ebinur Lake Basin, a typical salt-lake of China. Quantitative PCR analysis indicated that ARGs decreasing order in both surface water and sediment was sul1 >sul2 >tetW>ermB>qnrS, which means sulfonamide resistance genes were the main pollution ARGs. Macrolide antibiotics were the predominant antibiotics in the surface water and sediment in winter, while sulfonamides and quinolones accounted for a high proportion in summer. There was a non-corresponding relationship between ARGs and antibiotics. Moreover, the relationship between ARGs and microbial communities were defined. Sulfonamide resistance genes were carried by a greater diversity of potential host bacteria (76 genera) than other ARGs (9 genera). And their positive correlation with intI1 (p < 0.05) which promotes their migration and provides possibility of their co-occurrence in bacterial populations (e.g., Nitrospira). Bacterial genera were the main driver of ARGs distribution pattern in highly saline lake sediment. Environmental factors like salinity, total nitrogen and organic matter could have a certain influence on the occurrence of ARGs by affecting microorganisms. The results systematically show the distribution and propagation characteristics of ARGs in typical inland salt-lakes in China, and preliminarily explored the relationship between ARGs and antibiotics, resistance genes and microorganisms in lakes in ecologically fragile areas.202134171688
725450.9996Field-based evidence for enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in manure-amended vegetable soils. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in the soil environment represents a serious threat to public health. In this study, the diversity and abundance of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in different years of manure-amended vegetable soils were investigated. A total of eight genes, including four tetracycline resistance genes: tetW, tetM, tetO and tetT; two sulfonamide resistance genes: sul1 and sul2; and two MGEs: intI1 and intI2; were quantified in ten vegetable soils. The relative abundance of ARGs in soils amended with manure was significantly higher than that in soils without manure application. The relative abundance of the intI1 and intI2 genes had significantly positive correlations with the relative abundance of the tetW, tetO, sul1 and sul2 genes. Under different concentrations of antibiotics, the resistant bacteria rates of manure-amended soil were much higher than the control soil. Bacillus and Chryseobacterium, more likely to be multi-drug-resistant bacteria, were detected in both two antibiotics. Moreover, the significant correlation was found between the concentrations of Cu and Zn and the ARGs. Our findings provide empirical evidence that the dissemination risk of ARGs and ARB in long-term manure-amended vegetable soils, which might promote to the development of effective strategies to reduce the spread of ARGs in agro-ecosystems.201930453260
699460.9996Seasonal variations in antibiotic resistance genes in estuarine sediments and the driving mechanisms. Estuary sediments are chemically contaminated by adjacent coastal industrial cities, but the impact of organic pollutants on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in estuarine sediments is unknown. We comprehensively analyzed the complex interactions between chemical pollutants (heavy metals and organic pollutants), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and ARGs in estuarine sediments during various seasons. The results indicate that under the effects of the chemically polluted river water, the number of different estuarine sediment ARGs increased by 76.9%-92.3% in summer and 5.9%-35.3% in winter, and the abundance of these ARGs increased by 29-5195 times in summer and 48-239 times in winter. The abundance of sediment ARGs in distinct estuaries showed different seasonal trends. Seasonal changes had a greater impact on the abundance of estuarine sediment ARGs than on their diversity. The diversity of estuarine sediment ARGs was positively correlated with the chemical pollution levels. Furthermore, chemical pollution was positively correlated with MGEs, and MGEs were correlated with ARG abundance. These results indicate that ARGs are enriched in bacteria via horizontal gene transfer triggered by chemical pollution, promoting multi-antibiotic resistance in estuarine sediment bacteria. These findings have implications for our understanding of the distribution and propagation of ARGs in chemically polluted estuarine sediments.202031520936
715170.9996Pollution profiles of antibiotic resistance genes associated with airborne opportunistic pathogens from typical area, Pearl River Estuary and their exposure risk to human. To reveal the selective pressures of near-shore human activities on marine and continental bioaerosols, the pollution profile and potential exposure risk of airborne pathogens and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in Pearl River Estuaries (113.52 (o)E, 22.69 (o)N), a transitional zone between marine and continental environments, were fully explored. The results showed that the total bacteria among bioaerosols varied largely with average pollution levels of 1.86 × 10(5) and 4.35 × 10(4) cfu m(-3) in spring and summer, respectively, and were high than those of airborne fungi. The predominant aerodynamic diameters of bioaerosols were in respirable size range (<4.7 µm), and the microbes communities' diversity and abundance varied significantly. Besides, many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria (Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia, Staphylococcus and Acinetobacter) and fungi (Alternaria, Penicillium and Cladosporium) were dominant in bioaerosol samples. Of 21 ARGs subtypes detected, the tetracycline resistance gene tetA was the most abundant, followed by aminoglycoside resistance gene and mobile genetic elements. Correlation analysis revealed that the changes of pathogens community contributed significantly to the prevalence of ARGs in bioaerosol. Based on the average daily dose rates of microorganisms and human direct intake of ARGs, health risk of bioaerosols from the Pearl River Estuaries were also evaluated. In summary, the presence of opportunistic pathogens and diversity of ARGs strengthens the call to consider the bioaerosol in air quality monitoring and risk assessment in the future.202032645489
685680.9996Effects of the coexistence of antibiotics and heavy metals on the fate of antibiotic resistance genes in chicken manure and surrounding soils. Both heavy metals and antibiotics exert selection pressure on bacterial resistance, and as they are commonly co-contaminated in the environment, they may play a larger role in bacterial resistance. This study examined how breeding cycles affect antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in chicken manure and the surrounding topsoils at 20, 50, 100, 200, and 300 m from twelve typical laying hen farms in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of northwest China. Six antibiotics, seven heavy metals, ten mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and microbial community affected the ARGs profile in chicken dung and soil samples. Tetracycline antibiotic residues were prevalent in chicken manure, as were relatively high content of aureomycin during each culture period. Zinc (Zn) content was highest among the seven heavy metals in chicken feces. Chicken dung also enriched aminoglycosides, MLSB, and tetracycline ARGs, notably during brooding and high production. The farm had a minimal influence on antibiotics in the surrounding soil, but its effect on ARGs and MGEs closer to the farm (50 m) was stronger, and several ARGs and MGEs increased with distance. Manure microbial composition differed dramatically throughout breeding cycles and sampling distances. ARGs were more strongly related with antibiotics and heavy metals in manure than soil, whereas MGEs were the reverse. Antibiotics, heavy metals, MGEs, and bacteria in manure accounted 12.28%, 22.25%, 0.74%, and 0.19% of ARGs composition variance, respectively, according to RDA and VPA. Bacteria (2.89%) and MGEs (2.82%) only affected soil ARGs composition. These findings showed that heavy metals and antibiotics are the main factors affecting faecal ARGs and bacteria and MGEs soil ARGs. This paper includes antibiotic resistance data for large-scale laying hen husbandry in northwest China and a theoretical framework for decreasing antibiotic resistance.202337586197
704890.9996Airborne antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, and bacterial pathogens in a commercial composting facility: Transmission and exposure risk. Multiple elements associated with antimicrobial resistance in compost may escape into the air during the composting process, including antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), human pathogenic bacteria (HPBs), and even antibiotics. Although antibiotics play a critical role in the evolution of resistance in HPBs, no information is available on airborne antibiotics in composting facilities. In this study, we systematically quantified airborne antibiotics, ARGs, and HPBs in comparison with those in compost. The burden of antibiotics in the air reached 4.17 ± 2.71 × 10(2) ng/g, significantly higher than that in compost. The concentration of ARGs (10(2) copies/g) in air also increased compared with that in compost. Concentrations of target contaminants in air were affected by temperature, organic matter, and heavy metals. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed the connectivity and complexity of antibiotics, ARGs, and HPBs were greater in air than in compost. The maximum daily antibiotic intake dose was up to 1.18 × 10(-1)ng/d/kg, accompanied by considerable inhalation levels of ARGs and HPBs. Our results reveal the severity of airborne antimicrobial resistance (AMR) elements in composting facilities, highlight the non-negligible amount of antibiotics and their co-existence with ARGs and HPBs, and shed light on the potential role of airborne antibiotics in the evolution of environmental AMR.202439442303
7255100.9996Distribution of quinolone and macrolide resistance genes and their co-occurrence with heavy metal resistance genes in vegetable soils with long-term application of manure. The spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has become an increasingly serious global public health issue. This study investigated the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of ARB and ARGs in greenhouse vegetable soils with long-term application of manure. Five typical ARGs, four heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs), and two mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were quantified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The amount of ARB in manure-improved soil greatly exceeded that in control soil, and the bacterial resistance rate decreased significantly with increases in antibiotic concentrations. In addition, the resistance rate of ARB to enrofloxacin (ENR) was lower than that of tylosin (TYL). Real-time qPCR results showed that long-term application of manure enhanced the relative abundance of ARGs in vegetable soils, and the content and proportion of quinolone resistance genes were higher than those of macrolide resistance genes. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that qepA and qnrS significantly correlated with total and available amounts of Cu and Zn, highlighting that certain heavy metals can influence persistence of ARGs. Integrase gene intI1 correlated significantly with the relative abundance of qepA, qnrS, and ermF, suggesting that intI1 played an important role in the horizontal transfer of ARGs. Furthermore, there was a weakly but not significantly positive correlation between specific detected MRGs and ARGs and MGEs. The results of this study enhance understanding the potential for increasing ARGs in manure-applied soil, assessing ecological risk and reducing the spread of ARGs.202234559332
6855110.9996Occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in various rural environmental media. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in rural environments have been poorly characterized in the literature. In this study, the diversity, abundance, and distribution of ARGs in surface waters, soils, and sediments of a typical hilly rural area in the Upper Yangtze River watershed were investigated using the high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and their relationships with chemical properties of the samples were analyzed. No significant differences in the diversity and abundance of ARGs were observed among the three medium types while the ARG distribution pattern in the sediments was obviously different from that of the surface waters. According to the co-occurrence pattern of ARGs subtypes obtained by network analysis, blaOXA10-02, blaPSE, lnuB-02, and qacEΔ1-01 can be used to estimate the relative abundance of total ARGs for the study area. It appeared that the prevalence of ARGs in the sediments was promoted by the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and vertical gene transfer together, while their spread in the surface waters and soils were facilitated by the supply of biogenic elements and HGT, respectively. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were abundant and detected in all samples, and their abundance was significantly and positively correlated with that of ARGs, implying that the potential horizontal transfer of ARGs to other bacteria and pathogens in rural environments should not be overlooked.202032436087
7002120.9996Response of soil antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities to fresh cattle manure and organic fertilizer application. Livestock manure use in agriculture contributes to pollutants like antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and resistant bacteria. This practice could potentially facilitate ARGs development in soil ecosystems. Our study aimed to explore ARGs and bacterial communities in cattle manure from Ningxia beef cattle farms with varying breeding periods. We also assessed the impact of different application rates of cattle manure compost, created by mixing manure with different growing periods, on soil's physicochemical and heavy metal properties. High-throughput PCR and sequencing were used to analyze ARGs and bacterial communities. We aimed to understand ARGs dynamics in cattle manure during breeding stages and the impact of different fertilizer application rates on soil bacteria and resistance genes. We found 212 ARGs from cattle manure, spanning tetracycline, aminoglycoside, multidrug, and MLSB categories. Relative ARGs abundance was presented across breeding stages: lactation (C1), breeding (C3), pre-fattening (C4), calving (C2), and late fattening (C5). pH, total nitrogen (TN), electrical conductivity (EC), arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) presence significantly impacted ARGs quantity and microbial community structure in manure. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were the primary factor altering ARGs in manure (65.56%). Heavy metals contributed to 18.60% of ARGs changes. Manure application changed soil ARGs abundance, notably in soils with high application rates, primarily associated with aminoglycoside, multidrug and sulfonamide resistance. Soils with higher manure rates had elevated MGEs, positively correlated with most ARGs, suggesting MGEs' role in ARGs dissemination. Soil microbial community structure was influenced by fertilization, particularly with the highest application rate. Heavy metals (specifically Cd, contributing to 23.12%), microbial community changes (17.42%), and MGEs (17.38%) were the main factors affecting soil antibiotic resistance. Our study establishes a framework for understanding ARGs emergence in manure and treated soils. This informs strategies to mitigate environmental ARGs transmission and guides diverse livestock manure application and management.202339492397
7156130.9996Effect of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes on the fate of ARGs in marine sediments. Surface runoff is a prevalent source via which emerging pollutants (i.e., antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)) enter marine sediments. However, few studies have investigated the effect of emerging pollutants on the fate of ARGs in marine sediments. Therefore, three systems were established to measure the relative abundances of four common ARGs (i.e., bla(TEM), tetA, tetC, and aphA) and the integron-integrase gene (intI1) after exposure to emerging pollutants in marine sediments from the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, and the South China Sea in China. The results revealed that antibiotic exposure could decrease the relative abundance of most ARGs (including bla(TEM), tetA, and tetC) in these marine sediment samples. The exceptions were the relative abundance of bla(TEM) in the Bohai Sea marine sediments under ampicillin exposure and tetC in the Yellow Sea marine sediments under tetracycline exposure, which increased significantly. Among marine sediments challenged with ARB, the relative abundance of aphA in all four marine sediments displayed a decreasing trend, whereas the abundances of bla(TEM) and tetA in the marine sediments from the Bohai Sea and the South China Sea showed an increasing trend. The relative abundance of tetA in the marine sediments from the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea dropped markedly when exposed to extracellular ARG (eARG). Significant changes in bla(TEM) abundance were observed in the four marine sediments under eARG exposure. Gene aphA abundance showed the same trend as the intI1 abundance. IntI1 showed a decreasing trend under the exposure of antibiotic, ARB, or eARG, apart from the East and the South China Sea marine sediments under ampicillin conditions and the South China Sea marine sediments under RP4 plasmid condition. These findings suggest that dosing with emerging pollutants does not increase ARG abundance in marine sediments.202337245825
6846140.9996Antibiotic resistance genes in an urban river as impacted by bacterial community and physicochemical parameters. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in urban rivers are a serious public health concern in regions with poorly planned, rapid development. To gain insights into the predominant factors affecting the fate of ARGs in a highly polluted urban river in eastern China, a total of 285 ARGs, microbial communities, and 20 physicochemical parameters were analyzed for 17 sites. A total of 258 unique ARGs were detected using high-throughput qPCR, and the absolute abundance of total ARGs was positively correlated with total organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen concentrations (P < 0.01). ARG abundance and diversity were greatly altered by microbial community structure. Variation partitioning analysis showed that the combined effects of multiple factors contributed to the profile and dissemination of ARGs, and variation of microbial communities was the major factor affecting the distribution of ARGs. The disparate distribution of some bacteria, including Bacteroides from mammalian gastrointestinal flora, Burkholderia from zoonotic infectious diseases, and Zoogloea from wastewater treatment, indicates that the urban river was strongly influenced by point-source pollution. Results imply that microbial community shifts caused by changes in water quality may lead to the spread of ARGs, and point-source pollution in urban rivers requires greater attention to control the transfer of ARGs between environmental bacteria and pathogens.201728864929
7145150.9996Antibiotic resistance genes in constructed wetlands: Driving indicators and risk assessment. Constructed wetlands (CWs) were responsible for the in-depth purification of wastewater, providing an ideal environment for the transport, acquisition, and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). A better understanding of influencing factors and risks of ARGs in CWs was deemed indispensable. In this research, the abundance of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) was determined to be higher in summer and spring, ranging from 53.7 to 8.51 × 10(6) and 30.9-6.02 × 10(6) copies/mL, respectively. Seasonal variation significantly influenced the abundance of ARGs and MGEs, as well as the co-occurrence patterns among ARGs, MGEs and bacteria. However, the environmental gradients, from the influent (CW01) to the effluent (CW10), did not impose significant effects on the abundance of ARGs and MGEs. Furthermore, the ratios of pathogenic bacteria to ARG hosts and ARG risks index decreased by 50.4% and 88.54% along with the environmental gradients, indicating that CWs could act as barriers to the transfer of ARGs. Partial least squares-path modeling (PLSPM) revealed that temperature was the main driving factor of ARGs, followed by MGEs, stable and differential bacteria. This finding effectively and innovatively explored the driving indicators for the variations and risks of ARGs caused by spatial-temporal variations, providing new insights into the evaluation and control of ARGs in CWs.202337595473
6841160.9996Deciphering key traits and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and degradation genes in pharmaceutical wastewater receiving environments. Discharge of pharmaceutical wastewater significantly affects the receiving environments. However, the development of antibiotic resistance and microbial enzymatic degradation in wastewater-receiving soils and rivers remains unclear. This study investigated a sulfonamide-producing factory to explore the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the receiving river and soil environments (0-100 cm depth), and the potential hosts of sadABC genes (sulfonamide-degrading genes) as well as their phylogenetic characterization. We identified plentiful ARGs (28 types and 1065 subtypes) and their hosts (30 phyla and 340 MAGs) in three media (surface water, sediment, and soil). Results indicated that the abundances of total resistome in water and sediment of receiving river (0-1.5 km) were higher than the global river resistome median levels. Wastewater significantly affected the soil resistome, leading to an average 5-fold increase in ARG abundance, and a 22-fold enrichment of sulfonamide ARGs. The abundance and diversity of soil resistome decreased significantly with depth, and the abundance was below the global soil resistome median level at the depth greater than 20 cm. The detection of 17 risk rank I ARGs and the enrichment of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria in soil and river highlighted the resistance risks in the environments. Notably, 73 sadABC-carrying contigs were detected, which were mainly hosted by Microbacteriaceae and some other previously unreported bacteria, such as Mycobacteriaceae spp. The findings offer valuable insights into antimicrobial resistance (AMR) risk assessment and the bioremediation of sulfonamides pollution in the environment affected by pharmaceutical wastewater.202539914310
6840170.9996High-throughput profiling and analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in East Tiaoxi River, China. The rapid human activities and urbanization exacerbate the human health risks induced by antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, the profiling of ARGs was investigated using high-throughput qPCR from water samples of 13 catchment areas in East Tiaoxi River, China. High prevalence of ARGs indicated significant antibiotic resistance pollution in the research area (absolute abundance: 6.1 × 10(8)-2.1 × 10(10) copies/L; relative abundance: 0.033-0.158 copies/cell). Conventional water qualities (COD, TN, TP, NH(3)-N), bacterial communities and mobile gene elements (MGEs) were detected and analyzed as factors of ARGs shift. Nutrient and MGEs showed positive correlation with most ARGs (P < 0.05) and bacteria community was identified as the key contributing factor driving ARGs alteration. With the land-use study and field investigation, country area, especially arable, was expected as a high spot for ARGs shift and pathogen breeding. Comparing to environmental background, promotion of ARGs and marked shift of bacterial community were observed in country and urban city areas, indicating that human activities may lead to the spread of ARGs. Analysis of factors affecting ARGs in this study may shed new light on the mechanism of the maintenance and propagation of ARGs in urban rivers.201728715769
7148180.9996Metagenomic analysis revealed sources, transmission, and health risk of antibiotic resistance genes in confluence of Fenhe, Weihe, and Yellow Rivers. Rivers are important vectors and reservoirs of antibiotics resistance genes (ARGs). Information regarding transmission and health risk of ARGs in river confluence is still lacking. In this study, metagenomics was used to distinguish contributions of human activities on ARGs and human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) in confluence of Fenhe, Weihe, and Yellow Rivers. Bacitracin resistance gene and bacA were the highest in all rivers, with 1.86 × 10(-2)-7.26 × 10(-2) and 1.79 × 10(-2)-9.12 × 10(-2) copies/16S rRNA copies, respectively. River confluence significantly increased the abundance of ARGs, especially at the confluence of three rivers with the highest 1.53 × 10(-1) copies/16S rRNA copies. Antibiotic efflux and antibiotic target alteration were the dominant resistant mechanisms in three rivers. ARGs profiles were influenced by multiple factors, with the contributions of various factors ranked as microbial communities > physicochemical factors > human activities > mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Notably, human activities and animal feces were important potential contributors of ARGs in the Weihe River and Yellow River. Transposons, as the main MGEs in three rivers, played important roles in ARGs transfer. The confluence of three rivers had the highest abundance of MGEs with the greatest transfer potentials, and therefore exhibiting the largest exposure risk of ARGs with 232.4 copies/cap·d. Furthermore, correlations of ARGs, MGEs, and HPB in different rivers were constructed via co-occurrence modes to systematically illustrate the health risks of ARGs. This study firstly unveiled the transmission and health risk of ARGs in river confluence, providing supports for ARGs control in watershed.202336343807
6847190.9996Nutrients, heavy metals and microbial communities co-driven distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in adjacent environment of mariculture. With the rapid development of aquaculture, the large amounts of pollutants were discharged into the aquatic environment, where the detected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have drawn increasing attention due to their potential threats to ecological environment and human health. Thus, the impact of mariculture on ARGs was assessed and the underlying mechanism of their propagation was explained. Sediments from eight sampling sites were collected along a mariculture drainage ditch, and the sediment in Yellow River Delta National Park was used as a non-mariculture control. Microbial ARGs qPCR array and illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene were applied to examine the changing patterns of ARGs and bacterial communities. Results showed that 18 ARGs (3 fluoroquinolone, 1 aminoglycoside, 3 macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, 2 tetracycline, and 9 beta-lactam resistance genes) were influenced by mariculture, and ARGs abundance and diversity were significantly increased in mariculture sediments (p < 0.05). A remarkable shift in bacterial community structure and composition was also observed. The abundance of most of ARGs were significantly decreased in the estuary samples, implying that seawater had a significant dilution effect on the ARGs emission from the mariculture sites. Partial redundancy analysis showed that nutrients, heavy metals, and bacteria communities might directly and indirectly contribute to ARGs propagation, suggesting that the profile and dissemination of ARGs were driven by the combined effects of multiple factors in mariculture-impacted sites.201727814984