Effect of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes on the fate of ARGs in marine sediments. - Related Documents




#
Rank
Similarity
Title + Abs.
Year
PMID
012345
715601.0000Effect of antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and extracellular antibiotic resistance genes on the fate of ARGs in marine sediments. Surface runoff is a prevalent source via which emerging pollutants (i.e., antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs)) enter marine sediments. However, few studies have investigated the effect of emerging pollutants on the fate of ARGs in marine sediments. Therefore, three systems were established to measure the relative abundances of four common ARGs (i.e., bla(TEM), tetA, tetC, and aphA) and the integron-integrase gene (intI1) after exposure to emerging pollutants in marine sediments from the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, and the South China Sea in China. The results revealed that antibiotic exposure could decrease the relative abundance of most ARGs (including bla(TEM), tetA, and tetC) in these marine sediment samples. The exceptions were the relative abundance of bla(TEM) in the Bohai Sea marine sediments under ampicillin exposure and tetC in the Yellow Sea marine sediments under tetracycline exposure, which increased significantly. Among marine sediments challenged with ARB, the relative abundance of aphA in all four marine sediments displayed a decreasing trend, whereas the abundances of bla(TEM) and tetA in the marine sediments from the Bohai Sea and the South China Sea showed an increasing trend. The relative abundance of tetA in the marine sediments from the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea dropped markedly when exposed to extracellular ARG (eARG). Significant changes in bla(TEM) abundance were observed in the four marine sediments under eARG exposure. Gene aphA abundance showed the same trend as the intI1 abundance. IntI1 showed a decreasing trend under the exposure of antibiotic, ARB, or eARG, apart from the East and the South China Sea marine sediments under ampicillin conditions and the South China Sea marine sediments under RP4 plasmid condition. These findings suggest that dosing with emerging pollutants does not increase ARG abundance in marine sediments.202337245825
684710.9999Nutrients, heavy metals and microbial communities co-driven distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in adjacent environment of mariculture. With the rapid development of aquaculture, the large amounts of pollutants were discharged into the aquatic environment, where the detected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have drawn increasing attention due to their potential threats to ecological environment and human health. Thus, the impact of mariculture on ARGs was assessed and the underlying mechanism of their propagation was explained. Sediments from eight sampling sites were collected along a mariculture drainage ditch, and the sediment in Yellow River Delta National Park was used as a non-mariculture control. Microbial ARGs qPCR array and illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene were applied to examine the changing patterns of ARGs and bacterial communities. Results showed that 18 ARGs (3 fluoroquinolone, 1 aminoglycoside, 3 macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, 2 tetracycline, and 9 beta-lactam resistance genes) were influenced by mariculture, and ARGs abundance and diversity were significantly increased in mariculture sediments (p < 0.05). A remarkable shift in bacterial community structure and composition was also observed. The abundance of most of ARGs were significantly decreased in the estuary samples, implying that seawater had a significant dilution effect on the ARGs emission from the mariculture sites. Partial redundancy analysis showed that nutrients, heavy metals, and bacteria communities might directly and indirectly contribute to ARGs propagation, suggesting that the profile and dissemination of ARGs were driven by the combined effects of multiple factors in mariculture-impacted sites.201727814984
685420.9999Characteristics and driving factors of antibiotic resistance genes in aquaculture products from freshwater ponds in China Yangtze River Delta. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widespread in aquaculture and pose a huge threat to aquaculture organisms and human health. In this study, occurrences and relative abundances of ARGs were analysed in the guts of products cultured in freshwater ponds in the Yangtze River Delta region in China. A total of 29 ARGs were found in the gut samples, with detection frequencies ranging from 4.8% to 81%, and the relative abundances (ARGs/16S rRNA) ranging from 10(-7) to 1. In addition, the human dietary intake of ARGs via aquaculture products was assessed, where the daily intake of most ARGs via aquaculture products was higher than those via PM2.5 and drinking water, but lower than that via vegetables. The relative abundances of MGE (IS613, Tp614, tnpA and int1) were significantly correlated with those of multiple ARGs, indicating the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs among gut microorganisms. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the dominated microbial communities found in the guts of aquaculture products. In addition, significant correlations were found between Cyanobacteria and int1, between Nitrospira and tetE, and between sul2 and aadA2, indicating potential same hosts of these genes. In addition, results from co-correlation indicated both HGT (dominated by MGEs) of ARGs and the enrichment of ARGs in bacteria. MGEs, mostly int1, were more effective than bacteria in increasing the ARG abundance. This study could provide a better understanding of the transmission of ARGs in the aquaculture environment and improve the quality of aquaculture products and the ecology.202436756971
715530.9999Profiles of antibiotic resistance genes in an inland salt-lake Ebinur Lake, Xinjiang, China: The relationship with antibiotics, environmental factors, and microbial communities. Lakes in arid northwestern China, as the main pollutant-holding water bodies in the typical ecologically fragile areas, are facing the unknown risk of exposure to antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, five ARGs and one mobile genetic element (intI1) and their relation with antibiotics, microbial communities and water quality were investigated in Ebinur Lake Basin, a typical salt-lake of China. Quantitative PCR analysis indicated that ARGs decreasing order in both surface water and sediment was sul1 >sul2 >tetW>ermB>qnrS, which means sulfonamide resistance genes were the main pollution ARGs. Macrolide antibiotics were the predominant antibiotics in the surface water and sediment in winter, while sulfonamides and quinolones accounted for a high proportion in summer. There was a non-corresponding relationship between ARGs and antibiotics. Moreover, the relationship between ARGs and microbial communities were defined. Sulfonamide resistance genes were carried by a greater diversity of potential host bacteria (76 genera) than other ARGs (9 genera). And their positive correlation with intI1 (p < 0.05) which promotes their migration and provides possibility of their co-occurrence in bacterial populations (e.g., Nitrospira). Bacterial genera were the main driver of ARGs distribution pattern in highly saline lake sediment. Environmental factors like salinity, total nitrogen and organic matter could have a certain influence on the occurrence of ARGs by affecting microorganisms. The results systematically show the distribution and propagation characteristics of ARGs in typical inland salt-lakes in China, and preliminarily explored the relationship between ARGs and antibiotics, resistance genes and microorganisms in lakes in ecologically fragile areas.202134171688
709240.9999Sulfonamide antibiotics in the Northern Yellow Sea are related to resistant bacteria: implications for antibiotic resistance genes. Antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) residues and the mode of transmission in marine environments remain unclear. The sulfonamide (SAs) concentrations, different genes and total bacterial abundance in seawater and sediment of the Northern Yellow Sea were analyzed. Results showed the genes sul I and sul II were present at relatively high concentrations in all samples, whereas the gene sul III was detected fewer. The ARGs concentrations in the sediment were 10(3) times higher than those in water, which indicated sediment was essential ARG reservoir. Statistical analysis revealed the total antibiotic concentration was positively correlated with the relative abundance of the gene sul I and sul II. The relative abundances of the gene sul I and the gene sul II were also correlated positively with those of the gene int1. This correlation demonstrated that SAs exerted selective pressure on these ARGs, whereas the gene int1 could be implicated in the propagation of the genes sul I and sul II in marine environments.201424928456
685550.9999Occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in various rural environmental media. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in rural environments have been poorly characterized in the literature. In this study, the diversity, abundance, and distribution of ARGs in surface waters, soils, and sediments of a typical hilly rural area in the Upper Yangtze River watershed were investigated using the high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and their relationships with chemical properties of the samples were analyzed. No significant differences in the diversity and abundance of ARGs were observed among the three medium types while the ARG distribution pattern in the sediments was obviously different from that of the surface waters. According to the co-occurrence pattern of ARGs subtypes obtained by network analysis, blaOXA10-02, blaPSE, lnuB-02, and qacEΔ1-01 can be used to estimate the relative abundance of total ARGs for the study area. It appeared that the prevalence of ARGs in the sediments was promoted by the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and vertical gene transfer together, while their spread in the surface waters and soils were facilitated by the supply of biogenic elements and HGT, respectively. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were abundant and detected in all samples, and their abundance was significantly and positively correlated with that of ARGs, implying that the potential horizontal transfer of ARGs to other bacteria and pathogens in rural environments should not be overlooked.202032436087
723060.9999Persistence of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial community changes in drinking water treatment system: From drinking water source to tap water. As emerging contaminants, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have become a public concern. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and diversity of ARGs, and variation in the composition of bacterial communities in source water, drinking water treatment plants, and tap water in the Pearl River Delta region, South China. Various ARGs were present in the different types of water. Among the 27 target ARGs, floR and sul1 dominated in source water from three large rivers in the region. Pearson correlation analysis suggested that sul1, sul2, floR, and cmlA could be potential indicators for ARGs in water samples. The total abundance of the detected ARGs in tap water was much lower than that in source water. Sand filtration and sedimentation in drinking water treatment plants could effectively remove ARGs; in contrast, granular activated carbon filtration increased the abundance of ARGs. It was found that Pseudomonas may be involved in the proliferation and dissemination of ARGs in the studied drinking water treatment system. Bacteria and ARGs were still present in tap water after treatment, though they were significantly reduced. More research is needed to optimize the water treatment process for ARG removal.201829127799
723170.9999Metagenomic insights into chlorination effects on microbial antibiotic resistance in drinking water. This study aimed to investigate the chlorination effects on microbial antibiotic resistance in a drinking water treatment plant. Biochemical identification, 16S rRNA gene cloning and metagenomic analysis consistently indicated that Proteobacteria were the main antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) dominating in the drinking water and chlorine disinfection greatly affected microbial community structure. After chlorination, higher proportion of the surviving bacteria was resistant to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim and cephalothin. Quantitative real-time PCRs revealed that sulI had the highest abundance among the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) detected in the drinking water, followed by tetA and tetG. Chlorination caused enrichment of ampC, aphA2, bla(TEM-1), tetA, tetG, ermA and ermB, but sulI was considerably removed (p < 0.05). Metagenomic analysis confirmed that drinking water chlorination could concentrate various ARGs, as well as of plasmids, insertion sequences and integrons involved in horizontal transfer of the ARGs. Water pipeline transportation tended to reduce the abundance of most ARGs, but various ARB and ARGs were still present in the tap water, which deserves more public health concerns. The results highlighted prevalence of ARB and ARGs in chlorinated drinking water and this study might be technologically useful for detecting the ARGs in water environments.201323084468
350580.9998Temporal variation and sharing of antibiotic resistance genes between water and wild fish gut in a peri-urban river. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) as emergence contaminations have spread widely in the water environment. Wild fish may be recipients and communicators of ARGs in the water environment, however, the distribution and transmission of ARGs in the wild fish and relevant water environment were rarely reported. Here, we have profiled ARGs and bacterial communities in wild freshwater fish and relevant water in a peri-urban river using high-throughput qPCR and 16S rRNA gene sequence. A total of 80 and 220 unique ARG subtypes were identified in fish and water samples. Fish and water both showed significant ARG seasonal variations (P < 0.05). The highest absolute abundance of ARGs in fish and water occurred in summer (1.32 × 10(9) copies per g, on average) and autumn (9.04 × 10(6) copies per mL), respectively. In addition, the bipartite network analysis showed that 9 ARGs and 1 mobile genetic element continuously shared in fish and water. Furthermore, bacteria shared in fish and water were found to significantly correlate with shard ARGs. The findings demonstrate that bacteria and ARGs in fish and water could interconnect and ARGs might transfer between fish and water using bacteria as a spreading medium.202133743895
722790.9998High-risk antibiotics positively correlated with antibiotic resistance genes in five typical urban wastewater. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic amount increased within close proximity to human dominated ecosystems. However, few studies assessed the distribution of antibiotics and ARGs in multiple ecosystems especially the different urban wastewater. In this study, the spatial distribution of ARGs and antibiotics across the urban wastewater included domestic, livestock, hospital, pharmaceutical wastewater, influent of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Northeast China. The q-PCR results showed that ARGs were most abundant in community wastewater and followed by WWTP influent, livestock wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater and hospital wastewater. The ARG composition differed among the five ecotypes with qnrS was the dominant ARG subtypes in WWTP influent and community wastewater, while sul2 dominant in livestock, hospital, pharmaceutical wastewater. The concentration of antibiotics was closely related to the antibiotic usage and consumption data. In addition to the high concentration of azithromycin at all sampling points, more than half of the antibiotics in livestock wastewater were veterinary antibiotics. However, antibiotics that closely related to humankind such as roxithromycin and sulfamethoxazole accounted for a higher proportion in hospital wastewater (13.6%) and domestic sewage (33.6%), respectively. The ambiguous correlation between ARGs and their corresponding antibiotics was detected. However, antibiotics that exhibited high ecotoxic effects were closely and positively correlated with ARGs and the class 1 integrons (intI1), which indicated that high ecotoxic compounds might affect antimicrobial resistance of bacteria by mediating horizontal gene transfer of ARGs. The coupling mechanism between the ecological risk of antibiotics and bacterial resistance needed to be further studied, and thereby provided a new insight to study the impact of environmental pollutants on ARGs in various ecotypes.202337267763
7232100.9998Occurrence and prevalence of antibiotic resistance in landfill leachate. Antibiotic resistance (AR) is extensively present in various environments, posing emerging threat to public and environmental health. Landfill receives unused and unwanted antibiotics through household waste and AR within waste (e.g., activated sludge and illegal clinical waste) and is supposed to serve as an important AR reservoir. In this study, we used culture-dependent methods and quantitative molecular techniques to detect and quantify antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in 12 landfill leachate samples from six geographic different landfills, China. Five tested ARGs (tetO, tetW, bla(TEM), sulI, and sulII) and seven kinds of antibiotic-resistant heterotrophic ARB were extensively detected in all samples, demonstrating their occurrence in landfill. The detected high ratio (10(-2) to 10(-5)) of ARGs to 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene copies implied that ARGs are prevalent in landfill. Correlation analysis showed that ARGs (tetO, tetW, sulI, and sulII) significantly correlated to ambient bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies, suggesting that the abundance of bacteria in landfill leachate may play an important role in the horizontal spread of ARGs.201525903180
7259110.9998Practical survey on antibiotic-resistant bacterial communities in livestock manure and manure-amended soil. Through livestock manure fertilization, antibiotics, antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes are transferred to agricultural soils, resulting in a high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the soil. It is not clear, however, whether a correlation exists between resistant bacterial populations in manure and manure-amended soil. In this work, we demonstrate that the prevalence of cephalexin-, amoxicillin-, kanamycin- and gentamicin-resistant bacteria as well as bacteria simultaneously resistant to all four antibiotics was much higher in manure-amended soils than in manure-free soil. 454-pyrosequencing indicated that the ARB and multiple antibiotic-resistant bacteria (MARB) in swine or chicken manure and manure-amended soil were mainly distributed among Sphingobacterium, Myroides, Enterococcus, Comamonas and unclassified Flavobacteriaceae. The genus Sphingobacterium was highly prevalent among ARB from swine manure and manure-amended soil, and was also the most dominant genus among MARB from chicken manure and manure-amended soil. Other dominant genera among ARB or MARB populations in manure samples, including Myroides, Enterococcus and Comamonas, could not be detected or were detected at very low relative abundance in manure-amended soil. The present study suggests the possibility of transfer of ARBs from livestock manures to soils and persistence of ARB in these environments.201626513264
7091120.9998Abundance of Class 1 Integron-Integrase and Sulfonamide Resistance Genes in River Water and Sediment Is Affected by Anthropogenic Pressure and Environmental Factors. In this study, we determined the presence of class 1 integron-integrase gene in culturable heterotrophic bacteria isolated from river water and sediment sampled upstream and downstream of a wastewater treatment plant effluent discharge. Moreover, we quantified intI1 and sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2) in the water and sediment using qPCR. There was no correlation between the results from water and sediment samples, which suggests integron-containing bacteria are differentially retained in these two environmental compartments. The discharge of treated wastewater significantly increased the frequency of intI1 among culturable bacteria and the gene copy number in river water, and increased the number of sul1 genes in the sediment. We also observed seasonal differences in the frequency of the class 1 integron-integrase gene among culturable heterotrophs as well as intI1 copy number in water, but not in sediment. The results suggest that the abundance of class 1 integrons in aquatic habitat depends on anthropogenic pressure and environmental factors.201627599709
6838130.9998Seasonal variation characteristics of inhalable bacteria in bioaerosols and antibiotic resistance genes in Harbin. Bioaerosols have received extensive attention due to their impact on climate, ecological environment, and human health. This study aimed to reveal the driving factors that structure bacterial community composition and the transmission route of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in PM(2.5). The results showed that the bacterial concentration in spring (8.76 × 10(5) copies/m(3)) was significantly higher than that in summer (1.03 × 10(5) copies/m(3)) and winter (4.74 × 10(4) copies/m(3)). Low temperatures and air pollution in winter negatively affected bacterial concentrations. Keystone taxa were identified by network analysis. Although about 50 % of the keystone taxa had low relative abundances, the strong impact of complex interactions between keystone taxa and other taxa on bacterial community structure deserved attention. The bacterial community assembly was dominated by stochastic processes (79.3 %). Interactions between bacteria and environmental filtering together affected bacterial community composition. Vertical gene transfer played an important role in the transmission of airborne ARGs. Given the potential integration and expression of ARGs in recipients, the human exposure risk due to high concentrations of ARGs and mobile genetic elements cannot be ignored. This study highlights human exposure to inhalable bacterial pathogens and ARGs in urban areas.202336584645
7254140.9998Field-based evidence for enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements in manure-amended vegetable soils. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in the soil environment represents a serious threat to public health. In this study, the diversity and abundance of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in different years of manure-amended vegetable soils were investigated. A total of eight genes, including four tetracycline resistance genes: tetW, tetM, tetO and tetT; two sulfonamide resistance genes: sul1 and sul2; and two MGEs: intI1 and intI2; were quantified in ten vegetable soils. The relative abundance of ARGs in soils amended with manure was significantly higher than that in soils without manure application. The relative abundance of the intI1 and intI2 genes had significantly positive correlations with the relative abundance of the tetW, tetO, sul1 and sul2 genes. Under different concentrations of antibiotics, the resistant bacteria rates of manure-amended soil were much higher than the control soil. Bacillus and Chryseobacterium, more likely to be multi-drug-resistant bacteria, were detected in both two antibiotics. Moreover, the significant correlation was found between the concentrations of Cu and Zn and the ARGs. Our findings provide empirical evidence that the dissemination risk of ARGs and ARB in long-term manure-amended vegetable soils, which might promote to the development of effective strategies to reduce the spread of ARGs in agro-ecosystems.201930453260
6846150.9998Antibiotic resistance genes in an urban river as impacted by bacterial community and physicochemical parameters. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in urban rivers are a serious public health concern in regions with poorly planned, rapid development. To gain insights into the predominant factors affecting the fate of ARGs in a highly polluted urban river in eastern China, a total of 285 ARGs, microbial communities, and 20 physicochemical parameters were analyzed for 17 sites. A total of 258 unique ARGs were detected using high-throughput qPCR, and the absolute abundance of total ARGs was positively correlated with total organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen concentrations (P < 0.01). ARG abundance and diversity were greatly altered by microbial community structure. Variation partitioning analysis showed that the combined effects of multiple factors contributed to the profile and dissemination of ARGs, and variation of microbial communities was the major factor affecting the distribution of ARGs. The disparate distribution of some bacteria, including Bacteroides from mammalian gastrointestinal flora, Burkholderia from zoonotic infectious diseases, and Zoogloea from wastewater treatment, indicates that the urban river was strongly influenced by point-source pollution. Results imply that microbial community shifts caused by changes in water quality may lead to the spread of ARGs, and point-source pollution in urban rivers requires greater attention to control the transfer of ARGs between environmental bacteria and pathogens.201728864929
6840160.9998High-throughput profiling and analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in East Tiaoxi River, China. The rapid human activities and urbanization exacerbate the human health risks induced by antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, the profiling of ARGs was investigated using high-throughput qPCR from water samples of 13 catchment areas in East Tiaoxi River, China. High prevalence of ARGs indicated significant antibiotic resistance pollution in the research area (absolute abundance: 6.1 × 10(8)-2.1 × 10(10) copies/L; relative abundance: 0.033-0.158 copies/cell). Conventional water qualities (COD, TN, TP, NH(3)-N), bacterial communities and mobile gene elements (MGEs) were detected and analyzed as factors of ARGs shift. Nutrient and MGEs showed positive correlation with most ARGs (P < 0.05) and bacteria community was identified as the key contributing factor driving ARGs alteration. With the land-use study and field investigation, country area, especially arable, was expected as a high spot for ARGs shift and pathogen breeding. Comparing to environmental background, promotion of ARGs and marked shift of bacterial community were observed in country and urban city areas, indicating that human activities may lead to the spread of ARGs. Analysis of factors affecting ARGs in this study may shed new light on the mechanism of the maintenance and propagation of ARGs in urban rivers.201728715769
7247170.9998Environmental analysis of typical antibiotic-resistant bacteria and ARGs in farmland soil chronically fertilized with chicken manure. Antibiotics and the corresponding resistant bacteria and resistance genes (ARGs) are generally considered emerging pollutants. To assess the impacts of tetracycline (TC) and sulfonamide (SA) antibiotics that are eliminated with fecaluria as drug prototypes, farmland soil used to research long-term fertilization with chicken manure was collected at four sites in Shandong Province. In this study, the rates of bacterial drug resistance to the same antibiotic decreased with an increase in the concentration of that antibiotic, and the resistance rates to TCs were lower than those to SAs. PCR of ARGs revealed that the ARGs detected at the highest frequency were the TC resistance genes tetW and tetO and the SA resistance genes sul1 and sul2. Real-time qPCR showed that the quantities of ARGs in farmland soil fertilized with chicken manure were significantly greater compared with the control soil. Moreover, significant correlations (R(2)=0.9525, p<0.05) between the number of sul ARGs and the total SA concentration were observed in all of the soil samples. In summary, this study showed that SAs can induce the appearance of ARGs and pollute the soil environment.201728340477
7154180.9998Deciphering the natural and anthropogenic drivers on the fate and risk of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a typical river-estuary system, China. This study conducts an in-depth assessment of the spatial distribution, ecological risks, and correlations among 12 antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and dominant microorganisms in a representative river-estuary system, classified by land use and hydrodynamic conditions. Sulfonamides and quinolones were identified as the major contaminants in surface waters, with aquaculture and healthcare wastewater responsible for over 80 % of the antibiotic load. Contrasting seasonal patterns were observed between freshwater (wet season: 215 ng/L, dry season: 99.9 ng/L) and tidal estuaries (wet season: 45.9 ng/L, dry season: 121 ng/L), attributed to antibiotic transport from terrestrial sources or coastal aquaculture areas. The estimated annual antibiotic influx into Jiaozhou Bay was 70.4 kg/year, posing a considerable threat to aquatic algae and disrupting the stability of aquatic food chain. BugBase predictions suggested that antibiotics in the environment suppressed bacteria characterized by biofilm formation (FB) and the presence of mobile elements (CME). However, ARG transmission was likely to drive the spread of CME, FB, and stress-tolerant (OST) bacteria within microbial communities. The significant positive correlations observed between sulfamethoxazole and 63 microbial genera indicate a broad distribution of microbial resistance, which exacerbates the potential for ARG accumulation and dissemination across both the bay and the Yellow Sea.202439357363
6853190.9998Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in the guts of shrimp from different coastal areas of China. With the continuous increase in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture production, the widespread use of antibiotics as a means of preventing and treating diseases has adversely affected the environment, animal health and symbiotic microorganisms in gut environments. At the same time, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widespread in aquaculture and pose a great threat to aquatic organisms and humans. Therefore, in the present study, the occurrence and distribution of 17 antibiotics, ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected in the guts of shrimp collected from 12 coastal regions of China. The results showed that sulfadiazine, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were detectable in the guts of L. vannamei at all sampling sites. Sul1, sul2, floR and intI-1 were also detected in the guts of L. vannamei at all sampling sites. The total relative abundances of ARGs and MGEs were significantly positively correlated according to Pearson correlation analysis. Sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2) were significantly positively correlated with intI-1. These results indicated that MGEs could increase the risk of horizontal gene transfer of ARGs in a gut environment. MGEs are the most important factors promoting the spread of ARGs. Correlation analysis showed that sulfadiazine was significantly positively correlated with sul1 and sul2 and that fluoroquinolone antibiotics were significantly positively correlated with floR, indicating that antibiotics could induce the production of ARGs. Network analysis indicated that Iamia and Alkaliphilus species may harbor the most antibiotic resistance genes, and these bacteria were closely related to the proliferation and spread of ARGs in a gut environment. Antibiotic use and the spread of ARGs in mariculture systems may have negative effects on shrimp and human health. The use of antibiotics should be strictly regulated to control contaminants in mariculture systems, including pathogens and ARGs, thereby reducing potential risks to human health.202234990667