Higher spreading risk of antibacterial biocide and heavy metal resistance genes than antibiotic resistance genes in aerobic granular sludge. - Related Documents




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694001.0000Higher spreading risk of antibacterial biocide and heavy metal resistance genes than antibiotic resistance genes in aerobic granular sludge. Metagenomic approach was applied to simultaneously reveal the antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibacterial biocide & metal resistance genes (BMRGs), and the corresponding microbial hosts with high mobility during aerobic granular sludge (AGS) formation process. The results showed that the relative abundance of BMRGs was 88-123 times that of ARGs. AGS process was easier to enrich BMRGs, leading to a greater risk of drug resistance caused by BMRGs than that by ARGs. The enrichments of ARGs and BMRGs in AGS were closely related to several enhanced microbial metabolisms (i.e., cell motility, transposase and ATP-binding cassette transporters) and their corresponding regulatory genes. Several enhanced KEGG Orthologs (KO) functions, such as K01995, K01996, K01997 and K02002, might cause a positive impact on the spread of ARGs and BMRGs, and the main contributors were the largely enriched glycogens accumulating organisms. The first dominant ARGs (adeF) was carried by lots of microbial hosts, which might be enriched and propagated mainly through horizontal gene transfer. Candidatus Competibacter denitrificans simultaneously harbored ARG (cmx) and Cu related RGs (corR). Many enriched bacteria contained simultaneously multiple BMRGs (copR and corR) and mobile genetic elements (integrons and plasmids), granting them high mobility capabilities and contributing to the spread of BMRGs. This study might provide deeper understandings of the proliferation and mobility of ARGs and BMRGs, importantly, highlighted the status of BMRGs, which laid the foundation for the controlling widespread of resistance genes in AGS.202235489476
703810.9995Interactions between fungi and bacteria hosts carrying MGEs is dominant for ARGs fate during manure mesophilic composting. The mycelial networks of fungi promote the interaction between the originally isolated bacteria, thereby potentially enhancing the exchange of nutrients and the horizontal transfer of genetic materials. However, the driving effect of fungi on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during mesophilic facultative composting is still unclear. This study aims to elucidate the changes in ARGs and underlying mechanisms during the mesophilic composting of manure. Results indicated that reduction rates of ARGs in sheep and pig manure over a 90-day composting period were 34.68% and 60.10%, respectively. The sul1, sul2 and tetX were identified as recalcitrant ARGs in both composting treatments, with the additional unique recalcitrant gene addA observed in sheep manure. Fungal communities appeared to have a more significant influence on the cooperation between bacteria and fungi. Massive fungi interacted intensively with bacterial hosts carrying both ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). In sheep and pig manure, there were 53 and 38 potential bacterial hosts (genus level) carrying both ARGs and MGEs, associated close interactions with fungi. Structural equation modeling revealed that compost properties influence ARGs by affecting the abundance of core fungi and the hosts carrying MGEs, and that core fungi could also impact ARGs by influencing the bacterial hosts carrying MGEs. Core fungi have the potential to facilitate the horizontal transfer of ARGs by enhancing bacterial network interactions.202539764902
682920.9995Metagenomic insights into the characteristics and co-migration of antibiotic resistome and metal(loid) resistance genes in urban landfill soil and groundwater. The heavy metals and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in landfills showed a significant correlation; however, the relationship between metal(loid) resistance genes (MRGs) and ARGs in contaminated environments, as well as whether they co-migrate with human pathogenic bacteria (HPB), remains unclear. This study is the first to report the characteristics and co-migration of ARGs and MRGs in the soil and groundwater of aged urban landfill sites. Our findings indicated that quinolone, efflux, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin represented the most abundant ARGs identified. Notably, ARG abundance was higher in groundwater compared to soil, with subtype diversity reflecting a similar trend; however, microbial diversity in soil was greater. Metagenome-assembled genomes data indicated a higher risk of antibiotic-resistant HPB in groundwater. It is imperative to focus on HPB that co-carry ARGs and MRGs alongside mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as Ralstonia pickettii and Pseudomonas stutzeri. Genes conferring resistance to copper and mercury, as well as MGEs such as qacEdelta and intI1, played a critical role in promoting horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance. MRG may promote ARG migration by affecting the permeability of the cell membrane. Procrustes analysis revealed a strong similarity (87 %) between heavy metals and MRG structures. Variance partitioning analyses demonstrated that both heavy metals and biological factors jointly governed landfill ARGs (96.2 %), exerting a more substantial influence in groundwater than in soil. This study serves as a reference for managing landfill, while emphasizing the importance of addressing the co-migration of MRGs and ARGs in pathogens when controlling the spread of risks.202540614847
704230.9995Response of antibiotic resistance genes abundance by graphene oxide during the anaerobic digestion of swine manure with copper pollution. The pollution of various environments with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is an urgent problem that needs to be addressed, especially in heavy metal-polluted environments. This study investigated the responses of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) to the addition of graphene oxide (GO) to swine manure containing a high concentration copper during anaerobic digestion. The total copy numbers of ARGs and MGEs were significantly enhanced by the pressure due to Cu. GO significantly decreased the ARG and MGE copy numbers, where the low GO concentration performed better than the high GO concentration. Network analysis showed that most of the ARGs and MGEs co-occurred and they shared the same major potential host bacteria. The contributions of different factors to ARG abundances were assessed by redundancy analysis and MGEs had the most important effect on the fate of ARGs. Thus, GO may reduce the abundance of ARGs mainly by removing MGEs.201930445329
643440.9994Unraveling the role of microplastics in antibiotic resistance: Insights from long-read metagenomics on ARG mobility and host dynamics. As two emerging pollutants, microplastics (MPs) potentially serve as vectors for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments, but the mechanisms driving ARG enrichment remain unclear. This study used long-read metagenomics to investigate ARG mobility and hosts dynamics within the biofilms of MPs and rocks in different water environments. We identified distinct enrichment patterns for microbial communities and ARGs, highlighting the significant role of horizontal gene transfer in ARG enrichment. Specifically, plasmid-encoded ARGs varied significantly among MP biofilms, rock biofilms, and water samples, while chromosome-encoded ARGs remained consistent across these environments, emphasizing the impact of plasmids on ARG enrichment. Despite this, 55.1 % of ARGs were on chromosomes, indicating that host organisms also play a crucial role. The related mechanisms driving ARG enrichment included enhanced cell adhesion, increased transmembrane transporter activity, and responses to environmental stressors, which led to an increased presence of plasmid-encoded ARGs on MP biofilms, facilitating more frequent horizontal gene transfer. Additionally, the diversity of hosts on MPs was notably lower compared to the water column, with specific bacteria, including Herbaspirillu, Limnohabitans, Polaromonas, Variovorax, Rubrivivax, and Thauera significantly driving ARG enrichment. This study highlights key mechanisms and bacterial taxa involved in ARG dynamics on MPs.202540056523
697350.9994Carbendazim shapes microbiome and enhances resistome in the earthworm gut. BACKGROUND: It is worrisome that several pollutants can enhance the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment, including agricultural fungicides. As an important bioindicator for environmental risk assessment, earthworm is still a neglected focus that the effects of the fungicide carbendazim (CBD) residues on the gut microbiome and resistome are largely unknown. In this study, Eisenia fetida was selected to investigate the effects of CBD in the soil-earthworm systems using shotgun metagenomics and qPCR methods. RESULTS: CBD could significantly perturb bacterial community and enrich specific bacteria mainly belonging to the phylum Actinobacteria. More importantly, CBD could serve as a co-selective agent to elevate the abundance and diversity of ARGs, particularly for some specific types (e.g., multidrug, glycopeptide, tetracycline, and rifamycin resistance genes) in the earthworm gut. Additionally, host tracking analysis suggested that ARGs were mainly carried in some genera of the phyla Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Meanwhile, the level of ARGs was positively relevant to the abundance of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and some representative co-occurrence patterns of ARGs and MGEs (e.g., cmx-transposase and sul1-integrase) were further found on the metagenome-assembled contigs in the CBD treatments. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that the enhancement effect of CBD on the resistome in the earthworm gut may be attributed to its stress on the gut microbiome and facilitation on the ARGs dissemination mediated by MGEs, which may provide a novel insight into the neglected ecotoxicological risk of the widely used agrochemicals on the gut resistome of earthworm dwelling in soil. Video abstract.202235436900
701960.9994Fate, mobility and pathogenicity of antibiotic resistome in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant: Highlighting the chlorination risks. Drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) serve as the last barrier in preventing the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into tap water, yet the distribution and dissemination mechanisms of ARGs in DWTPs remain unclear. In this study, the antibiotic resistome of a full-scale DWTP using Nansi Lake (an important node of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project's eastern route, China) as water source was investigated based on metagenomic analysis. The results showed that coagulation and chlorination were the two crucial processes increasing the relative abundance of ARGs in the DWTP, and the former predominantly enhanced that of sulfonamide RGs, while the latter increased that of bacitracin, aminoglycoside and multidrug RGs. ARG hosts and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) both played significant roles in ARG compositions. The persistence of Sphingorhabdus during the conventional treatment stages and the dissemination potential of plasmids accounted for the relative abundance of sulfonamide RGs, while the chlorine and multidrug resistance of Acinetobacter, Acidovorax, and Pseudomonas, along with the coexistence of various MGEs, suggested the persistence and transmission risk of ARGs after chlorination. Ozonation and activated carbon filtration could eliminate some human-pathogenic bacteria (HPB), but the chlorination process significantly increased the relative abundance of HPB. The multidrug-resistant HPB such as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus and Acinetobacter haemolyticus were the key targets for risk control in the DWTP. Our findings provide new insights into the fate, mobility, and pathogenicity of ARGs in a typical DWTP, offering beneficial guidance for decision-making in the risk control of ARGs in DWTPs.202540587929
857070.9994Metagenomic analysis of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during refuse decomposition. Landfill is important reservoirs of residual antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), but the mechanism of landfill application influence on antibiotic resistance remains unclear. Although refuse decomposition plays a crucial role in landfill stabilization, its impact on the antibiotic resistance has not been well characterized. To better understand the impact, we studied the dynamics of ARGs and the bacterial community composition during refuse decomposition in a bench-scale bioreactor after long term operation (265d) based on metagenomics analysis. The total abundances of ARGs increased from 431.0ppm in the initial aerobic phase (AP) to 643.9ppm in the later methanogenic phase (MP) during refuse decomposition, suggesting that application of landfill for municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment may elevate the level of ARGs. A shift from drug-specific (bacitracin, tetracycline and sulfonamide) resistance to multidrug resistance was observed during the refuse decomposition and was driven by a shift of potential bacteria hosts. The elevated abundance of Pseudomonas mainly contributed to the increasing abundance of multidrug ARGs (mexF and mexW). Accordingly, the percentage of ARGs encoding an efflux pump increased during refuse decomposition, suggesting that potential bacteria hosts developed this mechanism to adapt to the carbon and energy shortage when biodegradable substances were depleted. Overall, our findings indicate that the use of landfill for MSW treatment increased antibiotic resistance, and demonstrate the need for a comprehensive investigation of antibiotic resistance in landfill.201829660875
701280.9994Bacterial communities, metabolic functions and resistance genes to antibiotics and metals in two saline seafood wastewater treatment systems. This study investigated the bacterial communities, metabolic functions, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and metal resistance genes (MRGs) in two alternating anaerobic/aerobic biological filters (A/O-BFs) treating saline seafood wastewater (SSW). Firmicutes was the most abundant phylum in both systems, and halophilic and alkaliphilic bacteria were largely enriched. 15 potential pathogens were obtained. Metabolism was the predominant bacterial function. 49 ARGs and 7 MRGs were detected, and the total abundance of ARGs increased while that of MRGs decreased. Clear shifts in bacterial structure and function, ARGs and MRGs were observed in both systems and at different heights. Co-occurrence of ARGs and MRGs and their hosts were identified. ARGs and MRGs mainly negatively correlated with bacterial functions, which were also the important contributors to shifts in bacterial communities and functions. This study highlights the importance of investigating ARGs and MRGs in SSW treatment systems and their complex interactions with bacterial communities and functions.201931121446
698590.9994Elevated CO(2) Increased Antibiotic Resistomes in Seed Endophytes: Evidence from a Free-Air CO(2) Enrichment (FACE) Experiment. Climate warming affects antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil and the plant microbiome, including seed endophytes. Seeds act as vectors for ARG dissemination in the soil-plant system, but the impact of elevated CO(2) on seed resistomes remains poorly understood. Here, a free-air CO(2) enrichment system was used to examine the impact of elevated CO(2) on seed-associated ARGs and seed endophytic bacteria and fungi. Results indicated that elevated CO(2) levels significantly increased the relative abundance of seed ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), especially those related to beta-lactam resistance and MGEs. Increased CO(2) levels also influenced the composition of seed bacterial and fungal communities and the complexity of bacteria-fungi interactions. Fungi were more sensitive to changes in the CO(2) level than bacteria, with deterministic processes playing a greater role in fungal community assembly. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed a stronger correlation between fungi and ARGs compared to bacteria. The structure equation model (SEM) showed that elevated CO(2) directly influenced seed resistomes by altering bacterial composition and indirectly through bacteria-fungi interactions. Together, our work offers new insights into the effects of elevated CO(2) on antibiotic resistomes in the seed endosphere, highlighting their increased dissemination potential within soil-plant systems and the associated health risks in a changing environment.202439680930
7561100.9994Deciphering antibiotic resistome variations during nitrogen removal process transition under mixed antibiotics stress: Assembly process and driving factors. Antibiotic resistome, which encompasses all types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a given environment, has received increasing attention in research on different wastewater treatment processes. However, the variation in antibiotic resistome during the transition from the full nitrification-denitrification to the shortcut nitrification-denitrification process remains unclear. In this study, a total of 269 targeted gene subtypes were identified, along with 108 genes were consistently present in all samples. The introduction of mixed antibioticsrapidly increased the abundance of corresponding and non-corresponding ARGs, as well as that of mobile genetic elements.The variations in of the antibiotic resistome were primarily driven by dissolved oxygen and nitrite accumulation rate. Moreover, 34 bacterial genera were identified as potential ARG hosts, with most denitrifiers considered as potential antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Branchymonas, Rhodobacter, and Thauera. This study provides a method for controlling antibiotic resistance by regulating the changes in environmental variables and bacterial communities.202339492537
7028110.9994Metagenomic insights to effective elimination of resistomes in food waste composting by lime addition. Food waste contains abundant resistomes, including antibiotic and heavy metal resistance genes (ARGs and MRGs), which pose risks to the environment and human health. Composting can be used for food waste treatment, but it fails to effectively eliminate these resistomes. Thus, this study investigated the performance of lime to regulate the dynamics and mobility of ARGs and MRGs in food waste composting by metagenomics. Genome-resolved analysis was further conducted to identify the ARGs and MRGs hosts and their horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events. Results showed that lime addition at 1 % (wet weight) could significantly promote temperature and pH increase to sterilize hosts, particularly pathogen bacteria (e.g. Acinetobacter johnsonii and Enterobacter cloacae), thus reducing the abundance of resistomes by more than 57.1 %. This sterilization notably reduced the number of mobile ARGs and MRGs driven by mobile genetic elements (MGEs). The contribution of MGEs located on chromosomal sequences to horizontally transfer ARGs and MRGs was significantly higher than that on mobilizable plasmids. Further analysis indicated that the reduced resistomes by lime was mainly attributed to effective sterilization of hosts rather than decreased HGT diversity. Thus, this study provides valuable insights into use lime as a low-cost control of resistomes in waste recycling.202541061540
7018120.9994Shotgun metagenomics assessment of the resistome, mobilome, pathogen dynamics and their ecological control modes in full-scale urban wastewater treatment plants. The conventional activated sludge (CAS) process has limited capacity to remove pathogenic microorganisms and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), compared to membrane bioreactors (MBRs). However, the full extent of pathogenic microbial fraction, resistome (antibiotic and biocide resistance genes, ARGs and BRGs) and mobilome (mobile genetic elements, MGE) of urban wastewater treatment plant (UWTP) influents and effluents remains unknown. Thus, the fate of putative pathogenic bacteria, ARGs and potential co-occurrence patterns with BRGs, MGEs and bacterial-predatory microorganisms was determined in two full-scale UWTPs, a MBR and a CAS system, using shotgun metagenomics. Both UWTPs significantly reduced the BOD(5) (99.4-99.9%), COD (97.6-99.4%) and TSS (98.9-99.9%). MBR was more effective in reducing the abundance and diversity of pathogen-containing taxa, with 4 and 30 taxa enriched in MBR and CAS effluents, respectively. MBR treatment favored resistance genes associated with triclosan, whereas CAS effluents contained ARGs associated with antibiotics of clinical importance. Correlations between putative pathogenic bacteria, ARG/BRGs/MGEs and bacterial-predatory microorganisms suggested that: (i) opportunistic pathogens (Clostridia, Nocardia) may acquire ARGs against first-line treatments and (ii) bacteriophages may act as a biogenic mechanism of pathogen removal. These findings reinforce the MBR capacity to retain pathogenic components, hence reducing potential health risks associated with treated wastewater reuse.202134329002
6982130.9994Viral Communities Suppress the Earthworm Gut Antibiotic Resistome by Lysing Bacteria on a National Scale. Earthworms are critical in regulating soil processes and act as filters for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Yet, the geographic patterns and main drivers of earthworm gut ARGs remain largely unknown. We collected 52 earthworm and soil samples from arable and forest ecosystems along a 3000 km transect across China, analyzing the diversity and abundance of ARGs using shotgun metagenomics. Earthworm guts harbored a lower diversity and abundance of ARGs compared to soil, resulting in a stronger distance-decay rate of ARGs in the gut. Greater deterministic assembly processes of ARGs were found in the gut than in soil. The earthworm gut had a lower frequency of co-occurrence patterns between ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in forest than in arable systems. Viral diversity was higher in the gut compared to soil and was negatively correlated with bacterial diversity. Bacteria such as Streptomyces and Pseudomonas were potential hosts of both viruses and ARGs. Viruses had negative effects on the diversity and abundance of ARGs, likely due to the lysis on ARG-bearing bacteria. These findings provide new insights into the variations of ARGs in the earthworm gut and highlight the vital role of viruses in the regulation of ARGs in the soil ecosystem.202439037720
7029140.9994Filamentous bacteria-induced sludge bulking can alter antibiotic resistance gene profiles and increase potential risks in wastewater treatment systems. Sludge bulking caused by filamentous bacteria is a prevalent issue in wastewater treatment systems. While previous studies have primarily concentrated on controlling sludge bulking, the biological risks associated with it have been overlooked. This study demonstrates that excessive growth of filamentous bacteria during sludge bulking can significantly increase the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in activated sludge. Through metagenomic analysis, we identified specific ARGs carried by filamentous bacteria, such as Sphaerotilus and Thiothrix, which are responsible for bulking. Additionally, by examining over 1,000 filamentous bacterial genomes, we discovered a diverse array of ARGs across different filamentous bacteria derived from wastewater treatment systems. Our findings indicate that 74.84% of the filamentous bacteria harbor at least one ARG, with the occurrence frequency of ARGs in these bacteria being approximately 1.5 times higher than that in the overall bacterial population in activated sludge. Furthermore, genomic and metagenomic analyses have shown that the ARGs in filamentous bacteria are closely linked to mobile genetic elements and are frequently found in potentially pathogenic bacteria, highlighting potential risks posed by these filamentous bacteria. These insights enhance our understanding of ARGs in activated sludge and underscore the importance of risk management in wastewater treatment systems.202439094405
6964150.9994Metagenomic approach reveals the role of bioagents in the environmental dissemination risk of rhizosphere soil antibiotic resistance genes pollution. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been identified as emerging contaminants, raising concerns around the world. As environmentally friendly bioagents (BA), plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been used in agricultural systems. The introduction of BA will lead to the turnover of the microbial communities structure. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how the colonization of the invaded microorganisms could affects the rhizosphere resistome. Consequently, 190 ARGs and 25 integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) were annotated using the metagenomic approach in 18 samples from the Solanaceae crop rhizosphere soil under BA and conventional treatment (CK) groups. Our study found that, after 90 days of treatment, ARG abundance was lower in the CK group than in the BA group. The results showed that aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance (OprZ), phenicol antibiotic resistance (OprN), aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance (ceoA/B), aminocoumarin antibiotic resistance (mdtB) and phenicol antibiotic resistance (MexW) syntenic with ICEs. Moreover, in 11 sequences, OprN (phenicol antibiotic resistance) was observed to have synteny with ICEPaeLESB58-1, indicating that the ICEs could contribute to the spread of ARGs. Additionally, the binning result showed that the potential bacterial hosts of the ARGs were beneficial bacteria which could promote the nutrition cycle, such as Haliangium, Nitrospira, Sideroxydans, Burkholderia, etc, suggesting that bacterial hosts have a great influence on ARG profiles. According to the findings, considering the dissemination of ARGs, BA should be applied with caution, especially the use of beneficial bacteria in BA. In a nutshell, this study offers valuable insights into ARGs pollution control from the perspective of the development and application of BA, to make effective strategies for blocking pollution risk migration in the ecological environment.202439374754
8589160.9994Impacts of microplastic type on the fate of antibiotic resistance genes and horizontal gene transfer mechanism during anaerobic digestion. Microplastics (MPs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are important pollutants in waste activated sludge (WAS), but their interactions during anaerobic digestion (AD) still need to be further explored. This study investigated variations in ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and host bacteria during AD under the pressure of polyamide (PA), polyethylene (PE), and polypropylene (PP). The results showed that the MPs increased methane production by 11.7-35.5%, and decreased ARG abundance by 5.6-24.6%. Correlation analysis showed that the decrease of MGEs (plasmid, prophage, etc.) promoted the decrease of the abundance of multidrug, aminoglycoside and tetracycline resistance genes. Metagenomic annotation revealed that the reduction of key host bacteria (Arenimonas, Lautropia, etc.) reduced the abundance of major ARGs (rsmA, rpoB2, etc.). Moreover, PP MPs contributed to a reduction in the abundance of functional genes related to the production of reactive oxygen species, ATP synthesis, and cell membrane permeability, which was conducive to reducing the potential for horizontal gene transfer of ARGs. These findings provide insights into the treatment of organic waste containing MPs.202438772228
6986170.9994Variations in antibiotic resistomes associated with archaeal, bacterial, and viral communities affected by integrated rice-fish farming in the paddy field ecosystem. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) serving as a newly recognized pollutant that poses potential risks to global human health, which in the paddy soil can be potentially altered by different agricultural production patterns. To elucidate the impacts and mechanisms of the widely used and sustainable agricultural production pattern, namely integrated rice-fish farming, on the antibiotic resistomes, we applied metagenomic sequencing to assess ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), bacteria, archaea, and viruses in paddy soil. There were 20 types and 359 subtypes of ARGs identified in paddy soil. The integrated rice-fish farming reduced the ARG and MGE diversities and the abundances of dominant ARGs and MGEs. Significantly decreased ARGs were mainly antibiotic deactivation and regulator types and primarily ranked level IV based on their potential threat to human health. The integrated rice-fish farming decreased the alpha diversities and altered microbial community compositions. MGEs, bacteria, archaea, and virus exhibited significant correlations with ARGs, while integrated rice-fish farming effectively changed their interrelationships. Viruses, bacteria, and MGEs played crucial roles in affecting the ARGs by the integrated rice-fish farming. The most crucial pathway by which integrated rice-fish farming affected ARGs was through the modulation of viral communities, thereby directly or indirectly influencing ARG abundance. Our research contributed to the control and restoration of ARGs pollution from a new perspective and providing theoretical support for the development of clean and sustainable agricultural production.202438518910
6880180.9994Co-occurrence and co-expression of antibiotic, biocide, and metal resistance genes with mobile genetic elements in microbial communities subjected to long-term antibiotic pressure: Novel insights from metagenomics and metatranscriptomics. The burgeoning of antibiotic resistance has emerged as a pressing global challenge. To gain a deeper understanding of the interactions between antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), biocide and metal resistance genes (BRGs&MRGs), and mobile genetic elements (MGEs), this study utilized metagenomics and metatranscriptomics to investigate their co-occurrence and co-expression in two consortia subjected to long-term exposure to chloramphenicol and lincomycin. Long-term exposure to these antibiotics resulted in significant disparities in resistance profiles: Consortium(CAP) harbored 130 ARGs and 150 BRGs&MRGs, while Consortium(LIN) contained 57 ARGs and 32 BRGs&MRGs. Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events were predicted at 125 and 300 instances in Consortium(CAP) and Consortium(LIN), respectively, facilitating the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as Caballeronia (10 ARGs, 2 BRGs&MRGs), Cupriavidus (2 ARGs, 10 BRGs&MRGs), and Bacillus (14 ARGs, 21 BRGs&MRGs). Chloramphenicol exposure significantly enriched genes linked to phenicol resistance (floR, capO) and co-expressed ARGs and BRGs&MRGs, while lincomycin exerted narrower effects on resistance genes. Additionally, both antibiotics modulated the expression of degradation genes and virulence factors, highlighting their role in altering bacterial substrate utilization and pathogenic traits. This study provides quantitative insights into the impact of antibiotics on microbial resistance profiles and functions at both DNA and RNA levels, highlighting the importance of reducing antibiotic pollution and limiting the spread of resistance genes in the environment.202539965334
7034190.9994Meta-analysis reveals the processes and conditions of using biochar to control antibiotic resistance genes in soil. Soil is a significant reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and an important habitat for pathogens associated with many clinical infections and plant disease outbreaks. Although scientists have found that biochar can reduce ARGs in soil, the understanding of how biochar removes soil ARGs and the influencing factors remains limited. Here, a meta-analysis of 65 published studies was conducted to illuminate the mechanisms through which biochar remediates ARG-contaminated soils. In biochar-amended soil, the antibiotic content significantly decreased by 24.1 %, while the abundances of mobile genetic elements and ARG host bacteria declined by 23.5 % and 12.1 %, respectively. The reduced antibiotic content, suppressed mobile genetic elements, and altered bacterial community structure collectively led to a 41.8 % reduction in soil ARG abundance. In addition, wood-derived biochar pyrolyzed at 300-500 °C exhibited a substantial advantage in the remediation of ARGs. Furthermore, biochar application decreased the abundance of ARGs in alkaline and neutral soil more markedly than that in acidic soil. The results of this research confirmed the positive mitigating effect of biochar on ARGs in soil, providing valuable insights for the prevention and control of ARG pollution.202540359860