Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in the guts of shrimp from different coastal areas of China. - Related Documents




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685301.0000Occurrence and distribution of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in the guts of shrimp from different coastal areas of China. With the continuous increase in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture production, the widespread use of antibiotics as a means of preventing and treating diseases has adversely affected the environment, animal health and symbiotic microorganisms in gut environments. At the same time, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widespread in aquaculture and pose a great threat to aquatic organisms and humans. Therefore, in the present study, the occurrence and distribution of 17 antibiotics, ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected in the guts of shrimp collected from 12 coastal regions of China. The results showed that sulfadiazine, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were detectable in the guts of L. vannamei at all sampling sites. Sul1, sul2, floR and intI-1 were also detected in the guts of L. vannamei at all sampling sites. The total relative abundances of ARGs and MGEs were significantly positively correlated according to Pearson correlation analysis. Sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2) were significantly positively correlated with intI-1. These results indicated that MGEs could increase the risk of horizontal gene transfer of ARGs in a gut environment. MGEs are the most important factors promoting the spread of ARGs. Correlation analysis showed that sulfadiazine was significantly positively correlated with sul1 and sul2 and that fluoroquinolone antibiotics were significantly positively correlated with floR, indicating that antibiotics could induce the production of ARGs. Network analysis indicated that Iamia and Alkaliphilus species may harbor the most antibiotic resistance genes, and these bacteria were closely related to the proliferation and spread of ARGs in a gut environment. Antibiotic use and the spread of ARGs in mariculture systems may have negative effects on shrimp and human health. The use of antibiotics should be strictly regulated to control contaminants in mariculture systems, including pathogens and ARGs, thereby reducing potential risks to human health.202234990667
350910.9999Persistence and spatial variation of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial populations change in reared shrimp in South China. More attention has been paid to the abundance and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aquatic environments. However, few studies have investigated the persistence and spatial variation of ARGs in aquatic organisms. This study investigated the occurrence and abundance of ARGs and the bacterial populations in shrimp intestinal tracts during the rearing period in different regions of Guangdong, South China. The results showed that sul1, sul2, qnrD, and floR were the predominant ARGs. Compared with those of juvenile shrimp, the total concentrations of ARGs in the intestinal tract of adult shrimp in three shrimp farms were 2.45-3.92 times higher (p < 0.05), and the bacterial populations in the adult shrimp intestinal tract changed considerably. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the abundance of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Verrucomicrobia in Farms A, B, and C, respectively, were strongly positively correlated with the most abundant and predominant genes (sul1 and qnrD for Farm A; floR and sul2 for Farm B; floR and sul2 for Farm C) in the shrimp intestinal tract. The results of this study indicated that ARGs gained persistence in the developmental stages of the reared shrimp. Different phyla of predominant bacteria were responsible for the increase of ARGs abundance in the shrimp intestinal tract in different regions. This study represents a case study of the persistence and spatial variation of ARGs in aquaculture and can be a reference for the determination of harmful impacts of ARGs on food safety and human health.201829990953
684720.9999Nutrients, heavy metals and microbial communities co-driven distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in adjacent environment of mariculture. With the rapid development of aquaculture, the large amounts of pollutants were discharged into the aquatic environment, where the detected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have drawn increasing attention due to their potential threats to ecological environment and human health. Thus, the impact of mariculture on ARGs was assessed and the underlying mechanism of their propagation was explained. Sediments from eight sampling sites were collected along a mariculture drainage ditch, and the sediment in Yellow River Delta National Park was used as a non-mariculture control. Microbial ARGs qPCR array and illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene were applied to examine the changing patterns of ARGs and bacterial communities. Results showed that 18 ARGs (3 fluoroquinolone, 1 aminoglycoside, 3 macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, 2 tetracycline, and 9 beta-lactam resistance genes) were influenced by mariculture, and ARGs abundance and diversity were significantly increased in mariculture sediments (p < 0.05). A remarkable shift in bacterial community structure and composition was also observed. The abundance of most of ARGs were significantly decreased in the estuary samples, implying that seawater had a significant dilution effect on the ARGs emission from the mariculture sites. Partial redundancy analysis showed that nutrients, heavy metals, and bacteria communities might directly and indirectly contribute to ARGs propagation, suggesting that the profile and dissemination of ARGs were driven by the combined effects of multiple factors in mariculture-impacted sites.201727814984
685530.9999Occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in various rural environmental media. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in rural environments have been poorly characterized in the literature. In this study, the diversity, abundance, and distribution of ARGs in surface waters, soils, and sediments of a typical hilly rural area in the Upper Yangtze River watershed were investigated using the high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and their relationships with chemical properties of the samples were analyzed. No significant differences in the diversity and abundance of ARGs were observed among the three medium types while the ARG distribution pattern in the sediments was obviously different from that of the surface waters. According to the co-occurrence pattern of ARGs subtypes obtained by network analysis, blaOXA10-02, blaPSE, lnuB-02, and qacEΔ1-01 can be used to estimate the relative abundance of total ARGs for the study area. It appeared that the prevalence of ARGs in the sediments was promoted by the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and vertical gene transfer together, while their spread in the surface waters and soils were facilitated by the supply of biogenic elements and HGT, respectively. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were abundant and detected in all samples, and their abundance was significantly and positively correlated with that of ARGs, implying that the potential horizontal transfer of ARGs to other bacteria and pathogens in rural environments should not be overlooked.202032436087
684940.9999Antibiotic resistance genes and their links with bacteria and environmental factors in three predominant freshwater aquaculture modes. Rapid development of aquaculture industry and increasing demand of various inputs (especially antibiotics), are suspected to promote the occurrence and spread of ARGs in aquaculture related environments. However, the occurrences of ARGs under different freshwater aquaculture practices are rarely known. Here, we investigated the seasonal profiles of the main ARGs, intI1 and bacteria in waters from three kinds of predominant freshwater aquaculture practices around the Honghu Lake (China), as well as their co-occurrences and interrelationships with antibiotics, heavy metals and general water quality. The results indicate that quinolone resistance genes (qnrB), tetracycline resistance genes (tetB and tetX) and sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2) were the top five predominant ARGs with seasonal variations of abundance. Fish ponds were of the highest absolute abundances of tested ARGs than the other two modes. Crayfish ponds and their adjacent ditches shared similar ARGs profile. Different subtypes of ARGs belonging to the same class of resistance were varied in abundances. Some bacteria were predicted to carry different ARGs, which indicating multi-antibiotic resistances. Moreover, the combined environmental factors (antibiotics, heavy metals and water quality) partially shaped the profiles of ARGs and bacteria composition. Overall, this study provides new comprehensive understanding on the characterization of ARGs contamination in different freshwater aquaculture practices from the perspectives of environmental chemistry, microbiology and ecology. The results would benefit the optimization of aquaculture practices toward environmental integrity and sustainability.202236068758
321250.9999Distribution and driving factors of antibiotic resistance genes in treated wastewater from different types of livestock farms. Treated wastewater from livestock farms is an important reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and is a main source of ARGs in the environment. However, the distribution and driving factors of ARGs in treated wastewater from different types of livestock farms are rarely reported. In this study, treated wastewater from 69 large-scale livestock farms of different types, including broiler, layer, and pig farms, was collected, and 11 subtypes of ARGs, 2 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and bacterial community structure were analyzed. The results revealed detection rates of NDM-1 and mcr-1 of 90 % and 43 %, respectively, and the detection rates of other ARGs were 100 %. The relative abundance of ARGs, such as tetA, tetX and strB, in broiler farms was significantly higher than that in layer farms, but the bacterial α diversity was significantly lower than that in other farm types. Furthermore, although the treatment process had a greater impact on the physicochemical properties of the treated wastewater than the livestock type, livestock type was the main factor affecting the bacterial community in the treated wastewater. The analysis of potential host bacteria of ARGs revealed significant differences in the host bacteria of ARGs in treated wastewater from different types of livestock farms. The host bacteria of ARGs in broiler farms mainly belonged to Actinobacteria, layer farms mainly belonged to Proteobacteria, and pig farms mainly belonged to Firmicutes. Additionally, redundancy analysis showed that the distribution of ARGs may have resulted from the combination of multiple driving factors in different types of livestock farms, among which tnpA and NH(4)(+)-N were the main influencing factors. This study revealed multiple driving factors for the distribution of typical ARGs in treated wastewater from different types of livestock farms, providing basic data for the prevention and control of ARG pollution in agricultural environments.202235934031
729460.9999The Sources and Potential Hosts Identification of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Yellow River, Revealed by Metagenomic Analysis. The fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has been revealed in various environmental media in recent years. Namely, the emergence of genes that resist colistin and carbapenems has attracted wide attention. However, the pollution condition of ARGs and sources in the Yellow River is still little understood, despite the river being the second longest in China. The present study determined the levels of ARG pollution in the Henan section of the Yellow River and evaluated the role of the aquaculture industry in the spread of ARGs. As revealed by the results, a total of 9 types of ARGs were detected in the sediments of the Yellow River, and the total ARG content in the Yellow River ranges from 7.27 to 245.45 RPKM. Sul1 and sul2 are the dominant ARGs, and the huge usage of sulfonamides, horizontal gene transfer, and wide bacteria host contribute to the prevalence of these two genes. The results of Spearman correlation analysis indicate that the breeding industry has little influence on ARGs in the Yellow River. Network analysis reveals that the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas is the potential host of sul1, tetG, and ANT(3'')-IIa, which can pose a risk to human health.202236012061
685270.9999Distribution and co-occurrence patterns of antibiotic resistance genes in black soils in Northeast China. Black soils (Mollisols) are among the most important soil resources for crop production and food security. In China, they are mainly distributed in the northeastern region. To investigate soil antibiotic resistance distribution patterns and monitor soil quality, we randomly chose nine corn fields in Northeast China and analyzed the antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) distribution and co-occurrence patterns on the basis of high-throughput approaches and network analyses. High genetic diversity (136 unique genes) and low ARG abundances (10(-5)-10(-2) copies/16S rRNA gene copy) were detected, with relatively few interactions among ARGs. Type I integron genes were prevalent in the soil and were positively correlated with ARGs, which may increase the risk of ARG transmission. Most ARGs were strongly associated with microorganisms. Moreover, several ARGs were significantly correlated with antibiotics, nutrients, and metal elements. The generation and dissemination of ARGs, which were most likely mediated by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and bacteria, were affected by environmental conditions. These results provide insights into the widespread co-occurrence patterns in soil resistomes.202235809539
741480.9999Structure of the manure resistome and the associated mobilome for assessing the risk of antimicrobial resistance transmission to crops. In this study, the impact of bovine and poultry manure on the quantitative and qualitative composition of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the environmental mobilome associated with antimicrobial resistance in soil and crops was determined with the use of next generation sequencing methods. The aim of the study was to perform a metagenomic analysis of manure to estimate the risk of the transmission of ARGs and bacterial drug resistance carriers to fertilized soil and crops. The total copy number of ARGs was nearly four times higher in poultry manure (555 ppm) than in bovine manure (140 ppm), and this relationship was also noted in fertilized soil. Poultry manure induced a much greater increase in the concentrations of ARGs in the soil environment (196.4 ppm) than bovine manure (137.8 ppm) immediately after supplementation. The application of poultry manure led to the highest increase in the abundance of genes encoding resistance to tetracyclines (9%), aminoglycosides (3.5%), sulfonamides (3%), bacitracin (2%), chloramphenicol (2%), and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin antibiotics (1%). Heavy metals were stronger promoters of antibiotic resistance in the environment than antibiotics. Antibiotics exerted a greater influence on maintaining the diversity of ARGs than on increasing their abundance in soil. Large quantities of insertion sequences (IS), including those associated with the mobility of ARGs in the population of ESKAPEE pathogens, are introduced to soil with manure. These IS remain stable for up to several months, which indicates that manure, in particular poultry manure, significantly increases the risk of rapid ARG transfer to the environment. Manure also largely contributes to an increase in the diversity of the resistome and mobilome in the metagenome of bacteria isolated from crops. Bacteria of the phylum Proteobacteria appear to play a major role in the transmission of multiple ARGs in crops grown for human and animal consumption.202234864022
685490.9999Characteristics and driving factors of antibiotic resistance genes in aquaculture products from freshwater ponds in China Yangtze River Delta. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widespread in aquaculture and pose a huge threat to aquaculture organisms and human health. In this study, occurrences and relative abundances of ARGs were analysed in the guts of products cultured in freshwater ponds in the Yangtze River Delta region in China. A total of 29 ARGs were found in the gut samples, with detection frequencies ranging from 4.8% to 81%, and the relative abundances (ARGs/16S rRNA) ranging from 10(-7) to 1. In addition, the human dietary intake of ARGs via aquaculture products was assessed, where the daily intake of most ARGs via aquaculture products was higher than those via PM2.5 and drinking water, but lower than that via vegetables. The relative abundances of MGE (IS613, Tp614, tnpA and int1) were significantly correlated with those of multiple ARGs, indicating the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs among gut microorganisms. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the dominated microbial communities found in the guts of aquaculture products. In addition, significant correlations were found between Cyanobacteria and int1, between Nitrospira and tetE, and between sul2 and aadA2, indicating potential same hosts of these genes. In addition, results from co-correlation indicated both HGT (dominated by MGEs) of ARGs and the enrichment of ARGs in bacteria. MGEs, mostly int1, were more effective than bacteria in increasing the ARG abundance. This study could provide a better understanding of the transmission of ARGs in the aquaculture environment and improve the quality of aquaculture products and the ecology.202436756971
6848100.9999Swine farming elevated the proliferation of Acinetobacter with the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in the groundwater. Swine farming generates a large amount of wastes containing various contaminants, resulting in environmental contamination and human health problems. Here we investigated the contamination profiles of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) as well as microbial community in groundwater of the two villages with or without swine farms, and then assessed the human exposure risks of antibiotics, ARGs and indicator bacteria through drinking groundwater. The results showed that swine farming could lead to enhanced concentration levels of various veterinary antibiotics and ARGs in the groundwater in comparison to the reference village without swine farming. The microbial diversity of groundwater was significantly decreased with predominance of conditional pathogens Acinetobacter (up to 90%) in some wells of the swine farming village. Meanwhile, the abundance of Acinetobacter was significantly correlated to bacterial abundance, ARGs and integrons. The local residents could ingest various antibiotic residues and ARGs as well as pathogens, with daily intake of Acinetobacter up to approximately 10 billion CFU/resident through drinking groundwater contaminated by swine farming. The findings from this study suggest potential health risks of changing gut microbial community and resistome by drinking contaminated groundwater.202031999967
7413110.9999Fecal antibiotic resistance genes were transferred through the distribution of soil-lettuce-snail food chain. Massive antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) were detected in the soil modified by manure, which may affect human life safety through the food chain. However, the transmission of ARGs through the soil-plant-animal food chain is still unclear. Therefore, this study used high-throughput quantitative PCR technology to explore the effects of pig manure application on ARGs and bacterial communities in soil, lettuce phyllosphere, and snail excrement. The results showed that a total of 384 ARGs and 48 MEGs were detected in all samples after 75 days of incubation. The diversity of ARGs and MGEs in soil components increased significantly by 87.04% and 40% with the addition of pig manure. The absolute abundance of ARGs in the phyllosphere of lettuce was significantly higher than that of the control group, with a growth rate of 212.5%. Six common ARGs were detected between the three components of the fertilization group, indicating that there was internal transmission of fecal ARGs between the trophic levels of the food chain. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were identified as the dominant host bacteria in the food chain system, which were more likely to be used as carriers of ARGs to promote the spread of resistance in the food chain. The results were used to assess the potential ecological risks of livestock and poultry manure. It provides theoretical basis and scientific support for the formulation of ARG prevention and control policies.202337434056
6851120.9999Antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial community on the surfaces of five cultivars of fresh tomatoes. Antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria (ARGs and ARB) in vegetable or fruit pose risks to ecological environment health. However, the assessment of ARGs and ARB from one popular vegetable, fresh tomato, has not been carried out before. In this study, high-throughput quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing technology were used to explore the antibiotic resistance characteristics of bacteria on five common cultivars of fresh tomatoes from supermarket. A total of 191 ARGs and 10 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected on the tomato surfaces. The distribution profile of ARGs and MGEs was different among samples, with the organic tomatoes showing more ARGs and MGEs number and relative abundance. Aminoglycoside resistance genes strA and strB, sulfonamide resistance gene sul1, and multidrug resistance gene qacΔ1-01 were the predominant ARGs. Dominant MGEs were transposase genes, which might promote horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs. Network analysis indicated that fifteen bacterial families might be the potential hosts of ARGs, and the detected MGEs might have positive correlation with ARGs. These results revealed the bacterial ARGs and MGEs from fresh tomato, which might help guide human to pay more attention to ecological environment impacts of ARGs and ARB on the surfaces of vegetable or fruit.202133184734
6850130.9999Fate of high-risk antibiotic resistance genes in large-scale aquaculture sediments: Geographical differentiation and corresponding drivers. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), emerging environmental contaminants, have become challenges of public health security. However, the distribution and drivers of ARGs, especially high-risk ARGs, in large-scale aquaculture sediments remain unknown. Here, we collected sediment samples from 40 crayfish ponds in seven main crayfish culture provinces in China and then investigated the distribution and risk of ARGs based on high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR techniques. Our results suggested that aquaculture sediment was potential reservoir of ARGs and the abundance of aadA-02 was the highest. High-risk ARG (floR) was also prevalent in the sediment and was the most abundant in Jiangsu Province, where opportunistic pathogens were also enriched. The abundance of floR was positively correlated with different environmental factors, such as total phosphorus in water and total carbon in sediment. In addition, Mycobacterium sp., opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, might be potential host for floR. Furthermore, the potential propagation pathway of ARGs was from sediment to crayfish gut, and Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria might be the main bacterial groups responsible for the proliferation of ARGs. Generally, our results illustrate that pond sediment may be an ARG reservoir of aquatic animals. Meanwhile, our study helps develop valuable strategies for accessing risks and managing ARGs.202337714353
7363140.9999Occurrence of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes at various stages of different aquaculture modes surrounding Tai Lake, China. INTRODUCTION: Aquaculture is an important source of antibiotics and ARGs in environmental waters. However, the occurrence of antibiotics and ARGs under different modes and stages of aquaculture has rarely been systematically studied. METHODS: This paper uses qPCR, LC-MS, and High-Throughput sequencing across different culture modes and stages to investigate antibiotics, resistance genes, and microbial communities in the water bodies, and analyze contamination differences between these modes. RESULTS: The quinolone and chloramphenicol were the main antibiotics, and the highest absolute abundance genes were quinolone resistance genes (qnrB) and quinolone resistance genes (sul1), with the mobile genetic element (MGE) intI1, both of which exhibited a gradual seasonal increase. Microbial diversity also varies seasonally, especially with a gradual increase in the abundance of some pathogenic bacteria (Flavobacterium). Antibiotics and resistance genes were found at higher levels in fish ponds compared to shrimp and crab ponds, while they were lower in shrimp and crab ponds that utilized the ecological mode ponds than in the traditional culture mode ponds. CONCLUSION: Our study presents a comprehensive characterization of antibiotics and ARGs in aquaculture waters from various perspectives. Ecological aquaculture modes contribute to reducing antibiotic and resistance gene pollution in water bodies. These findings will support the optimization of aquaculture mode and antibiotic usage to the green and sustainable development of aquaculture finally.202539959160
7155150.9999Profiles of antibiotic resistance genes in an inland salt-lake Ebinur Lake, Xinjiang, China: The relationship with antibiotics, environmental factors, and microbial communities. Lakes in arid northwestern China, as the main pollutant-holding water bodies in the typical ecologically fragile areas, are facing the unknown risk of exposure to antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, five ARGs and one mobile genetic element (intI1) and their relation with antibiotics, microbial communities and water quality were investigated in Ebinur Lake Basin, a typical salt-lake of China. Quantitative PCR analysis indicated that ARGs decreasing order in both surface water and sediment was sul1 >sul2 >tetW>ermB>qnrS, which means sulfonamide resistance genes were the main pollution ARGs. Macrolide antibiotics were the predominant antibiotics in the surface water and sediment in winter, while sulfonamides and quinolones accounted for a high proportion in summer. There was a non-corresponding relationship between ARGs and antibiotics. Moreover, the relationship between ARGs and microbial communities were defined. Sulfonamide resistance genes were carried by a greater diversity of potential host bacteria (76 genera) than other ARGs (9 genera). And their positive correlation with intI1 (p < 0.05) which promotes their migration and provides possibility of their co-occurrence in bacterial populations (e.g., Nitrospira). Bacterial genera were the main driver of ARGs distribution pattern in highly saline lake sediment. Environmental factors like salinity, total nitrogen and organic matter could have a certain influence on the occurrence of ARGs by affecting microorganisms. The results systematically show the distribution and propagation characteristics of ARGs in typical inland salt-lakes in China, and preliminarily explored the relationship between ARGs and antibiotics, resistance genes and microorganisms in lakes in ecologically fragile areas.202134171688
6846160.9999Antibiotic resistance genes in an urban river as impacted by bacterial community and physicochemical parameters. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in urban rivers are a serious public health concern in regions with poorly planned, rapid development. To gain insights into the predominant factors affecting the fate of ARGs in a highly polluted urban river in eastern China, a total of 285 ARGs, microbial communities, and 20 physicochemical parameters were analyzed for 17 sites. A total of 258 unique ARGs were detected using high-throughput qPCR, and the absolute abundance of total ARGs was positively correlated with total organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen concentrations (P < 0.01). ARG abundance and diversity were greatly altered by microbial community structure. Variation partitioning analysis showed that the combined effects of multiple factors contributed to the profile and dissemination of ARGs, and variation of microbial communities was the major factor affecting the distribution of ARGs. The disparate distribution of some bacteria, including Bacteroides from mammalian gastrointestinal flora, Burkholderia from zoonotic infectious diseases, and Zoogloea from wastewater treatment, indicates that the urban river was strongly influenced by point-source pollution. Results imply that microbial community shifts caused by changes in water quality may lead to the spread of ARGs, and point-source pollution in urban rivers requires greater attention to control the transfer of ARGs between environmental bacteria and pathogens.201728864929
6870170.9999Antibiotic resistome in landfill leachate and impact on groundwater. Landfill leachate is a hotspot in antibiotic resistance development. However, little is known about antibiotic resistome and host pathogens in leachate and their effects on surrounding groundwater. Here, metagenomic sequencing was used to explore profiles, host bacteria, environmental risks and influencing factors of antibiotic resistome in raw and treated leachate and surrounding groundwater of three landfills. Results showed detection of a total of 324 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The ARGs conferring resistance to multidrug (8.8 %-25.7 %), aminoglycoside (13.1 %-39.2 %), sulfonamide (10.0 %-20.9 %), tetracycline (5.7 %-34.4 %) and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS, 5.3 %-29.5 %) were dominant in raw leachate, while multidrug resistance genes were the major ARGs in treated leachate (64.1 %-83.0 %) and groundwater (28.7 %-76.6 %). Source tracking analysis suggests non-negligible influence of leachate on the ARGs in groundwater. The pathogens including Acinetobacter pittii, Pseudomonas stutzeri and P. alcaligenes were the major ARG-carrying hosts. Variance partitioning analysis indicates that the microbial community, abiotic variables and their interaction contributed most to the antibiotic resistance development. Our results shed light on the dissemination and driving mechanisms of ARGs from leachate to the groundwater, indicating that a comprehensive risk assessment and efficient treatment approaches are needed to deal with ARGs in landfill leachate and nearby groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS: Antibiotic resistance genes are found abundant in the landfill sites, and these genes could be disseminated into groundwater via leaching of wastewater and infiltration of leachate. This results in deterioration of groundwater quality and human health risks posed by these ARGs and related pathogens. Thus measures should be taken to minimize potential negative impacts of landfills on the surrounding environment.202438547976
6843180.9999Study on antibiotics, antibiotic resistance genes, bacterial community characteristics and their correlation in the landfill leachates. AIM: This study aimed to investigate the contamination levels of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the landfill leachates and their correlations with the bacteria. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using HPLC-MS, quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing, we measured the pollution levels of 14 antibiotics and 10 ARGs in the leachates of the landfill in Taiyuan, China, and analysed changes in the bacterial community and the correlations of bacteria with antibiotics and ARGs. The main results showed high levels of antibiotics (like enrofloxacin, pefloxacin and oxytetracycline) and ARGs (like sulfonamides, tetracycline, macrolides, quinolones and β-lactam-resistance genes) in the landfill leachates, along with higher diversity and richness of the bacteria. Some types of antibiotics had positive correlations with their corresponding ARGs. The dominant bacteria in the landfill leachates were Pseudomonas, Defluviitoga and Sulfurimonas, which correlated with the antibiotics and ARGs and might have potential effects on degrading them. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotics and ARG pollution existed in the landfill leachates, while bacteria were closely associated with them. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: It will provide helpful information for the potential application of the bacteria in antibiotics and ARGs pollution control and landfill leachate management.202234297455
7227190.9999High-risk antibiotics positively correlated with antibiotic resistance genes in five typical urban wastewater. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic amount increased within close proximity to human dominated ecosystems. However, few studies assessed the distribution of antibiotics and ARGs in multiple ecosystems especially the different urban wastewater. In this study, the spatial distribution of ARGs and antibiotics across the urban wastewater included domestic, livestock, hospital, pharmaceutical wastewater, influent of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Northeast China. The q-PCR results showed that ARGs were most abundant in community wastewater and followed by WWTP influent, livestock wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater and hospital wastewater. The ARG composition differed among the five ecotypes with qnrS was the dominant ARG subtypes in WWTP influent and community wastewater, while sul2 dominant in livestock, hospital, pharmaceutical wastewater. The concentration of antibiotics was closely related to the antibiotic usage and consumption data. In addition to the high concentration of azithromycin at all sampling points, more than half of the antibiotics in livestock wastewater were veterinary antibiotics. However, antibiotics that closely related to humankind such as roxithromycin and sulfamethoxazole accounted for a higher proportion in hospital wastewater (13.6%) and domestic sewage (33.6%), respectively. The ambiguous correlation between ARGs and their corresponding antibiotics was detected. However, antibiotics that exhibited high ecotoxic effects were closely and positively correlated with ARGs and the class 1 integrons (intI1), which indicated that high ecotoxic compounds might affect antimicrobial resistance of bacteria by mediating horizontal gene transfer of ARGs. The coupling mechanism between the ecological risk of antibiotics and bacterial resistance needed to be further studied, and thereby provided a new insight to study the impact of environmental pollutants on ARGs in various ecotypes.202337267763