Deciphering key traits and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and degradation genes in pharmaceutical wastewater receiving environments. - Related Documents




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684101.0000Deciphering key traits and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes and degradation genes in pharmaceutical wastewater receiving environments. Discharge of pharmaceutical wastewater significantly affects the receiving environments. However, the development of antibiotic resistance and microbial enzymatic degradation in wastewater-receiving soils and rivers remains unclear. This study investigated a sulfonamide-producing factory to explore the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the receiving river and soil environments (0-100 cm depth), and the potential hosts of sadABC genes (sulfonamide-degrading genes) as well as their phylogenetic characterization. We identified plentiful ARGs (28 types and 1065 subtypes) and their hosts (30 phyla and 340 MAGs) in three media (surface water, sediment, and soil). Results indicated that the abundances of total resistome in water and sediment of receiving river (0-1.5 km) were higher than the global river resistome median levels. Wastewater significantly affected the soil resistome, leading to an average 5-fold increase in ARG abundance, and a 22-fold enrichment of sulfonamide ARGs. The abundance and diversity of soil resistome decreased significantly with depth, and the abundance was below the global soil resistome median level at the depth greater than 20 cm. The detection of 17 risk rank I ARGs and the enrichment of multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria in soil and river highlighted the resistance risks in the environments. Notably, 73 sadABC-carrying contigs were detected, which were mainly hosted by Microbacteriaceae and some other previously unreported bacteria, such as Mycobacteriaceae spp. The findings offer valuable insights into antimicrobial resistance (AMR) risk assessment and the bioremediation of sulfonamides pollution in the environment affected by pharmaceutical wastewater.202539914310
684610.9999Antibiotic resistance genes in an urban river as impacted by bacterial community and physicochemical parameters. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in urban rivers are a serious public health concern in regions with poorly planned, rapid development. To gain insights into the predominant factors affecting the fate of ARGs in a highly polluted urban river in eastern China, a total of 285 ARGs, microbial communities, and 20 physicochemical parameters were analyzed for 17 sites. A total of 258 unique ARGs were detected using high-throughput qPCR, and the absolute abundance of total ARGs was positively correlated with total organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen concentrations (P < 0.01). ARG abundance and diversity were greatly altered by microbial community structure. Variation partitioning analysis showed that the combined effects of multiple factors contributed to the profile and dissemination of ARGs, and variation of microbial communities was the major factor affecting the distribution of ARGs. The disparate distribution of some bacteria, including Bacteroides from mammalian gastrointestinal flora, Burkholderia from zoonotic infectious diseases, and Zoogloea from wastewater treatment, indicates that the urban river was strongly influenced by point-source pollution. Results imply that microbial community shifts caused by changes in water quality may lead to the spread of ARGs, and point-source pollution in urban rivers requires greater attention to control the transfer of ARGs between environmental bacteria and pathogens.201728864929
687020.9999Antibiotic resistome in landfill leachate and impact on groundwater. Landfill leachate is a hotspot in antibiotic resistance development. However, little is known about antibiotic resistome and host pathogens in leachate and their effects on surrounding groundwater. Here, metagenomic sequencing was used to explore profiles, host bacteria, environmental risks and influencing factors of antibiotic resistome in raw and treated leachate and surrounding groundwater of three landfills. Results showed detection of a total of 324 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The ARGs conferring resistance to multidrug (8.8 %-25.7 %), aminoglycoside (13.1 %-39.2 %), sulfonamide (10.0 %-20.9 %), tetracycline (5.7 %-34.4 %) and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS, 5.3 %-29.5 %) were dominant in raw leachate, while multidrug resistance genes were the major ARGs in treated leachate (64.1 %-83.0 %) and groundwater (28.7 %-76.6 %). Source tracking analysis suggests non-negligible influence of leachate on the ARGs in groundwater. The pathogens including Acinetobacter pittii, Pseudomonas stutzeri and P. alcaligenes were the major ARG-carrying hosts. Variance partitioning analysis indicates that the microbial community, abiotic variables and their interaction contributed most to the antibiotic resistance development. Our results shed light on the dissemination and driving mechanisms of ARGs from leachate to the groundwater, indicating that a comprehensive risk assessment and efficient treatment approaches are needed to deal with ARGs in landfill leachate and nearby groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS: Antibiotic resistance genes are found abundant in the landfill sites, and these genes could be disseminated into groundwater via leaching of wastewater and infiltration of leachate. This results in deterioration of groundwater quality and human health risks posed by these ARGs and related pathogens. Thus measures should be taken to minimize potential negative impacts of landfills on the surrounding environment.202438547976
683830.9999Seasonal variation characteristics of inhalable bacteria in bioaerosols and antibiotic resistance genes in Harbin. Bioaerosols have received extensive attention due to their impact on climate, ecological environment, and human health. This study aimed to reveal the driving factors that structure bacterial community composition and the transmission route of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in PM(2.5). The results showed that the bacterial concentration in spring (8.76 × 10(5) copies/m(3)) was significantly higher than that in summer (1.03 × 10(5) copies/m(3)) and winter (4.74 × 10(4) copies/m(3)). Low temperatures and air pollution in winter negatively affected bacterial concentrations. Keystone taxa were identified by network analysis. Although about 50 % of the keystone taxa had low relative abundances, the strong impact of complex interactions between keystone taxa and other taxa on bacterial community structure deserved attention. The bacterial community assembly was dominated by stochastic processes (79.3 %). Interactions between bacteria and environmental filtering together affected bacterial community composition. Vertical gene transfer played an important role in the transmission of airborne ARGs. Given the potential integration and expression of ARGs in recipients, the human exposure risk due to high concentrations of ARGs and mobile genetic elements cannot be ignored. This study highlights human exposure to inhalable bacterial pathogens and ARGs in urban areas.202336584645
685440.9999Characteristics and driving factors of antibiotic resistance genes in aquaculture products from freshwater ponds in China Yangtze River Delta. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are widespread in aquaculture and pose a huge threat to aquaculture organisms and human health. In this study, occurrences and relative abundances of ARGs were analysed in the guts of products cultured in freshwater ponds in the Yangtze River Delta region in China. A total of 29 ARGs were found in the gut samples, with detection frequencies ranging from 4.8% to 81%, and the relative abundances (ARGs/16S rRNA) ranging from 10(-7) to 1. In addition, the human dietary intake of ARGs via aquaculture products was assessed, where the daily intake of most ARGs via aquaculture products was higher than those via PM2.5 and drinking water, but lower than that via vegetables. The relative abundances of MGE (IS613, Tp614, tnpA and int1) were significantly correlated with those of multiple ARGs, indicating the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs among gut microorganisms. Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were the dominated microbial communities found in the guts of aquaculture products. In addition, significant correlations were found between Cyanobacteria and int1, between Nitrospira and tetE, and between sul2 and aadA2, indicating potential same hosts of these genes. In addition, results from co-correlation indicated both HGT (dominated by MGEs) of ARGs and the enrichment of ARGs in bacteria. MGEs, mostly int1, were more effective than bacteria in increasing the ARG abundance. This study could provide a better understanding of the transmission of ARGs in the aquaculture environment and improve the quality of aquaculture products and the ecology.202436756971
714150.9999The fate of antibiotic resistance genes and their association with bacterial and archaeal communities during advanced treatment of pig farm wastewater. Advanced wastewater treatment plants are widely used in most large-scale pig farms in southern China. However, the fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their association with bacterial and archaeal communities during advanced wastewater treatment remain unclear. In this study, the profiles of ARGs in typical advanced wastewater treatment plants were surveyed using metagenomic analysis. The results showed that 279- 326 different subtypes of ARGs were detected in raw wastewater, with a total abundance of 5.98 ± 0.48 copies per bacterial cell. During the advanced wastewater treatment, the abundance and number of ARGs were significantly reduced. Microbial communities (bacteria and archaea) contributed the most to the variation in ARG abundance and composition (PCA axis_1), accounting for 10.8 % and 15.7 %, respectively, followed by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and physicochemical factors. Special attention should be given to potential pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia, Streptococcus, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus and archaea such as Methanocorpusculum, Candidatus Methanoplasma and Candidatus Methanomethylophilus, which were important potential ARG hosts. Bacterial communities may indirectly affect ARG variation by affecting archaeal communities. These findings indicated that ARG levels in pig farm wastewater can be effectively reduced during advanced treatment and highlighted the important role played by archaea, which should not be ignored.202236041618
684760.9999Nutrients, heavy metals and microbial communities co-driven distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in adjacent environment of mariculture. With the rapid development of aquaculture, the large amounts of pollutants were discharged into the aquatic environment, where the detected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have drawn increasing attention due to their potential threats to ecological environment and human health. Thus, the impact of mariculture on ARGs was assessed and the underlying mechanism of their propagation was explained. Sediments from eight sampling sites were collected along a mariculture drainage ditch, and the sediment in Yellow River Delta National Park was used as a non-mariculture control. Microbial ARGs qPCR array and illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene were applied to examine the changing patterns of ARGs and bacterial communities. Results showed that 18 ARGs (3 fluoroquinolone, 1 aminoglycoside, 3 macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, 2 tetracycline, and 9 beta-lactam resistance genes) were influenced by mariculture, and ARGs abundance and diversity were significantly increased in mariculture sediments (p < 0.05). A remarkable shift in bacterial community structure and composition was also observed. The abundance of most of ARGs were significantly decreased in the estuary samples, implying that seawater had a significant dilution effect on the ARGs emission from the mariculture sites. Partial redundancy analysis showed that nutrients, heavy metals, and bacteria communities might directly and indirectly contribute to ARGs propagation, suggesting that the profile and dissemination of ARGs were driven by the combined effects of multiple factors in mariculture-impacted sites.201727814984
684070.9999High-throughput profiling and analysis of antibiotic resistance genes in East Tiaoxi River, China. The rapid human activities and urbanization exacerbate the human health risks induced by antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, the profiling of ARGs was investigated using high-throughput qPCR from water samples of 13 catchment areas in East Tiaoxi River, China. High prevalence of ARGs indicated significant antibiotic resistance pollution in the research area (absolute abundance: 6.1 × 10(8)-2.1 × 10(10) copies/L; relative abundance: 0.033-0.158 copies/cell). Conventional water qualities (COD, TN, TP, NH(3)-N), bacterial communities and mobile gene elements (MGEs) were detected and analyzed as factors of ARGs shift. Nutrient and MGEs showed positive correlation with most ARGs (P < 0.05) and bacteria community was identified as the key contributing factor driving ARGs alteration. With the land-use study and field investigation, country area, especially arable, was expected as a high spot for ARGs shift and pathogen breeding. Comparing to environmental background, promotion of ARGs and marked shift of bacterial community were observed in country and urban city areas, indicating that human activities may lead to the spread of ARGs. Analysis of factors affecting ARGs in this study may shed new light on the mechanism of the maintenance and propagation of ARGs in urban rivers.201728715769
684280.9998Spatiotemporal distribution of the planktonic microbiome and antibiotic resistance genes in a typical urban river contaminated by macrolide antibiotics. The widespread application of macrolide antibiotics has caused antibiotic resistance pollution, threatening the river ecological health. In this study, five macrolide antibiotics (azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin, and anhydro erythromycin A) were monitored in the Zao River across three hydrological periods (April, July, and December). Simultaneously, the changes in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and planktonic bacterial communities were determined using metagenomic sequencing. A clear pollution gradient was observed for azithromycin and roxithromycin, with the concentrations in the dry season surpassing those in other seasons. The highest concentration was observed for azithromycin (1.36 μg/L). The abundance of MLS resistance genes increased along the Zao River during the dry season, whereas the opposite trend was obtained during the wet season. A significant correlation between the levels of MLS resistance genes and macrolide antibiotics was identified during the dry season. Notably, compared with the reference site, the abundance of transposase in the effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was significantly elevated in both dry and wet seasons, whereas the abundance of insertion sequences (IS) and plasmids declined during the dry season. The exposure to wastewater containing macrolide antibiotics altered the diversity of planktonic bacterial communities. The bacterial host for ARGs appeared to be Pseudomonas, primarily associated with multidrug subtypes. Moreover, the ARG subtypes were highly correlated with MGEs (transposase and istA). The partial least-squares path model (PLS-PM) demonstrated a positive correlation between the abundance of MGEs and ARGs, indicating the significance of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the dissemination of ARGs within the Zao River. Environmental variables, such as TN and NO(3)(-)-N, were significantly correlated with the abundance of MGEs, ARGs, and bacteria. Collectively, our findings could provide insights into the shift patterns of the microbiome and ARGs across the contamination gradient of AZI and ROX in the river.202439153565
723090.9998Persistence of antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial community changes in drinking water treatment system: From drinking water source to tap water. As emerging contaminants, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have become a public concern. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and diversity of ARGs, and variation in the composition of bacterial communities in source water, drinking water treatment plants, and tap water in the Pearl River Delta region, South China. Various ARGs were present in the different types of water. Among the 27 target ARGs, floR and sul1 dominated in source water from three large rivers in the region. Pearson correlation analysis suggested that sul1, sul2, floR, and cmlA could be potential indicators for ARGs in water samples. The total abundance of the detected ARGs in tap water was much lower than that in source water. Sand filtration and sedimentation in drinking water treatment plants could effectively remove ARGs; in contrast, granular activated carbon filtration increased the abundance of ARGs. It was found that Pseudomonas may be involved in the proliferation and dissemination of ARGs in the studied drinking water treatment system. Bacteria and ARGs were still present in tap water after treatment, though they were significantly reduced. More research is needed to optimize the water treatment process for ARG removal.201829127799
7329100.9998Metagenomic analysis reveals the abundance changes of bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance genes in the influent and effluent of hospital wastewater. The presence of substantial quantities of antibiotics and their metabolites in hospital wastewater can lead to the accumulation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Research on the influent and effluent sewage of hospitals is crucial for understanding the effectiveness of wastewater treatment systems in inactivating ARB and ARGs. Key features of microbial communities and ARGs in influent and effluent wastewater - including taxonomic diversity and relative abundance - were assessed via metagenomic sequencing. The treatment process resulted in a reduction of the overall bacterial count in hospital wastewater. However, a notable increase in relative abundance was observed for three phyla, 16 genera, and 21 species post-treatment. Bacteria harboring ARGs were predominantly identified as belonging to Pseudomonadota and Bacillota. A total of 354 ARGs were detected in the influent, while 331 were identified in the effluent samples, with a general decrease in absolute abundance. Nevertheless, the relative abundance of certain ARGs, such as mphG, fosA8, and soxR, was found to increase in the effluent across all samples. Seasonal fluctuations also played a role in the distribution of microbial communities and ARGs. These findings underscore the role of hospital wastewater treatment systems in reducing the discharge of ARB and ARGs into the environment, while also revealing potential shortcomings in the wastewater treatment process that necessitate further improvement for more effective removal of these ARGs.202541171744
7142110.9998Unveiling the role of aeration tanks in the emission and enrichment of airborne antibiotic resistance genes in a wastewater treatment plant. The aeration tanks in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are important sources of airborne antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) due to bubble bursts at the air-liquid interface. This study employed an integrated metagenomic workflow, encompassing reference-based, assembly-based, and binning-based modules, to investigate resistomes in a WWTP in northern Taiwan. The role of aeration tanks in emitting airborne ARGs and their associated risks was assessed. The findings revealed a strong similarity between the ARG profiles in aeration tank wastewater and surrounding PM(2.5), indicating atmospheric transmission of ARGs. Notably, the ARG level in PM(2.5) (0.83 ± 0.11 ARGs/cell) was 59.6 % higher than in wastewater (0.52 ± 0.01 ARGs/cell). The assembly-based analysis showed that foam-forming bacteria such as Mycobacterium and Gordonia dominated ARGs-carrying contigs in PM(2.5), suggesting that higher atomization capabilities of ARB contribute to airborne ARG prevalence. Furthermore, a significant proportion of stress response genes and increasing efflux pump resistance (122.6 %) in PM(2.5) imply that mechanical forces during aerosolization and harsh atmospheric conditions select for airborne ARB capable of overcoming stress induced by dramatic environmental changes. Overall, the study indicates that ARG risk is intensified in PM(2.5) due to their abundance, mobility, and pathogenicity. In conclusion, aeration tanks not only emit airborne ARGs but also cause an unexpected enrichment effect and exposure risk during aeration, highlighting the critical water-to-air transmission route of ARGs in WWTPs.202539616810
8079120.9998Response of antibiotic resistance to the co-exposure of sulfamethoxazole and copper during swine manure composting. Heavy metals driven co-selection of antibiotic resistance in soil and water bodies has been widely concerned, but the response of antibiotic resistance to co-existence of antibiotics and heavy metals in composting system is still unknown. Commonly used sulfamethoxazole and copper were individually and jointly added into four reactors to explore their effects on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs) and bacterial community structure. The abundance of total ARGs and MGEs were notably decreased by 68.64%-84.95% and 91.27-97.38%, respectively, after the composting. Individual addition of sulfamethoxazole, individual addition of copper, simultaneously addition of sulfamethoxazole and copper increased the abundance of ARGs and MGEs throughout the composting period. Co-exposure of sulfamethoxazole and copper elevated the total abundance of ARGs by 1.17-1.51 times by the end of the composting compared to individual addition of sulfamethoxazole or copper. Network analysis indicated that the shifts in potential host bacteria determined the ARGs variation. Additionally, MGEs and MRGs had significant effects on ARGs, revealing that horizontal gene transfer and heavy metals induced co-resistance could promote ARGs dissemination.202234537705
6837130.9998Coexistence of antibiotic resistance genes, fecal bacteria, and potential pathogens in anthropogenically impacted water. Microbial indicators are often used to monitor microbial safety of aquatic environments. However, information regarding the correlation between microbial indicators and ecotoxicological factors such as potential pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in anthropogenically impacted waters remains highly limited. Here, we investigated the bacterial community composition, potential pathogens, ARGs diversity, ARG hosts, and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) potential in urban river and wastewater samples from Chaohu Lake Basin using 16S rRNA and metagenomic sequencing. The composition of the microbial community and potential pathogens differed significantly in wastewater and river water samples, and the total relative abundance of fecal indicator bacteria was positively correlated with the total relative abundance of potential pathogens (p < 0.001 and Pearson's r = 0.758). Network analysis indicated that partial ARG subtypes such as dfrE, sul2, and PmrE were significantly correlated with indicator bacteria (p < 0.05 and Pearson's r > 0.6). Notably, Klebsiella was the indicator bacteria significantly correlated with 4 potential pathogens and 14 ARG subtypes. ARGs coexisting with mobile gene elements were mainly found in Thauera, Pseudomonas, Escherichia, and Acinetobacter. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) can be used to conduct preliminary surveys of environmental samples to access potential health risks, thereby facilitating water resources management.202235175529
7238140.9998Prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in different drinking water treatment processes in a northwest Chinese city. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are an emerging issue which are receiving increasing concerns in drinking water safety. However, the factors (e.g. treatment processes and water quality) affecting the removal efficiency of ARGs in the drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) is still unclear. This work investigated the ARG profiles in each treatment process of two DWTPs located in a northwest Chinese city. The results showed that tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes were predominant among the 14 targeted ARGs. After the treatment, the Z water treatment plant which demonstrated a higher removal rate of ARGs (ranging from 50 to 80%), compared to the S plant (50-75%). And the average removal rate of tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetG, tetQ, tetX) was about 49.18% (S plant) and 67.50% (Z plant), as well as the removal rate of 64.2% and 72.9% for sulfonamide resistance (sul1 and sul2) at S and Z water plants, respectively. It was found that the relative abundance of main microbial communities (such as Bacteroidota, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobiota, Roseomonas), α-diversity index, as well as the abundance of pathogenic bacteria were all significantly reduced after different treatment processes. Network co-occurrence analysis revealed that Methylocystis possibly was the potential host for most ARGs, and sul1 was found across a broad spectrum of microorganisms in the drinking water environment. Adonis analysis showed that heavy metals and microbial communities explain solely 44.1% and 35.7% of variances of ARGs within DWTPs. This study provides insights into the contamination status and removal efficiencies of ARGs in DWTPs, offering valuable references for future studies on ARG removal, propagation, and diffusion patterns in drinking water treatment.202439316241
7146150.9998Fate of antibiotic resistance genes and bacteria in a coupled water-processing system with wastewater treatment plants and constructed wetlands in coastal eco-industrial parks. In coastal eco-industrial zones, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and constructed wetlands (CWs) can alleviate the challenge of water shortage and the negative effect of sewage discharge, while the problems of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have not attracted enough attention. In this research, the Wafergen SmartChip system was adopted to investigate the ARG profiles in a coupled system combined WWTPs and CWs in a coastal industrial park. Potential risks of antibiotic resistance in chemical industrial wastewater were confirmed due to the higher abundance of target ARGs (> 10(7) copies/mL). General decline with partial enrichment in absolute and relative abundance of ARGs from the WWTPs to CWs revealed the effective removal of ARGs in the coupled system, while the fate of different ARG types varied greatly. Aminoglycoside and sulfonamide ARGs were detected with higher abundance (up to 5.34 ×10(7) and 3.61 ×10(7) copies/mL), especially aac(6')-Ib and sul1. Denitrification, secondary sedimentation, and acid hydrolysis contributed to the removal of aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, β-lactamase, chloramphenicol, and multidrug ARGs. Catalytic ozonation contributed to the removal of tetracycline and MLSB ARGs. Subsurface CWs worked effectively for the removal of sulfonamide, tetracycline, and multidrug ARGs, especially tetX, cphA, tetG, and strB. Close correlations between ARGs and MGEs emphasized the vital roles of anthropogenic pollutants and horizontal gene transfer on the diffusion of ARGs. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Cyanobacteria were dominant in the CWs, while Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetota were prevalent in the WWTPs. Redundancy analysis and variance partitioning analysis indicated that transposase and water quality posed greater influences on the distribution of ARGs. Co-occurrence network revealed that potential multiple antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria decreased in the CWs. The coupled system has a limited effect on the reduction of ARGs and potential ARG hosts, providing a comprehensive insight into the fate of ARGs in conventional water-processing systems.202336738611
6856160.9998Effects of the coexistence of antibiotics and heavy metals on the fate of antibiotic resistance genes in chicken manure and surrounding soils. Both heavy metals and antibiotics exert selection pressure on bacterial resistance, and as they are commonly co-contaminated in the environment, they may play a larger role in bacterial resistance. This study examined how breeding cycles affect antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in chicken manure and the surrounding topsoils at 20, 50, 100, 200, and 300 m from twelve typical laying hen farms in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of northwest China. Six antibiotics, seven heavy metals, ten mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and microbial community affected the ARGs profile in chicken dung and soil samples. Tetracycline antibiotic residues were prevalent in chicken manure, as were relatively high content of aureomycin during each culture period. Zinc (Zn) content was highest among the seven heavy metals in chicken feces. Chicken dung also enriched aminoglycosides, MLSB, and tetracycline ARGs, notably during brooding and high production. The farm had a minimal influence on antibiotics in the surrounding soil, but its effect on ARGs and MGEs closer to the farm (50 m) was stronger, and several ARGs and MGEs increased with distance. Manure microbial composition differed dramatically throughout breeding cycles and sampling distances. ARGs were more strongly related with antibiotics and heavy metals in manure than soil, whereas MGEs were the reverse. Antibiotics, heavy metals, MGEs, and bacteria in manure accounted 12.28%, 22.25%, 0.74%, and 0.19% of ARGs composition variance, respectively, according to RDA and VPA. Bacteria (2.89%) and MGEs (2.82%) only affected soil ARGs composition. These findings showed that heavy metals and antibiotics are the main factors affecting faecal ARGs and bacteria and MGEs soil ARGs. This paper includes antibiotic resistance data for large-scale laying hen husbandry in northwest China and a theoretical framework for decreasing antibiotic resistance.202337586197
6864170.9998Metagenomics analysis revealing the occurrence of antibiotic resistome in salt lakes. Although antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in dozens of environments have been well documented, the distribution of ARGs in salt lake ecosystems has been less intensively investigated. In this study, the broad-spectrum ARG profiles, microbial community composition and the comprehensive associations between microbiome and antimicrobial resistome in four salt lakes were investigated using a metagenomic approach. A total of 175 ARG subtypes affiliated with 19 ARG types were detected, and ARGs conferring resistance to multidrug, bacitracin, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) accounted for 71.2% of the total ARG abundance. However, the abundance of ARGs significantly decreased with the increasing salinity in the lakes. Both ARG profiles and microbial community structure presented remarkable discrepancies in different lakes, as well as in different sample types. Microbes such as genera Azoarcus, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, and Kocuria, significantly co-occurred with multiple ARGs, indicating that these bacteria are potential ARG hosts in salt lake ecosystems. Collectively, this work provides new insights into the occurrence and distribution of ARGs in salt lake ecosystems.202134380279
7227180.9998High-risk antibiotics positively correlated with antibiotic resistance genes in five typical urban wastewater. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic amount increased within close proximity to human dominated ecosystems. However, few studies assessed the distribution of antibiotics and ARGs in multiple ecosystems especially the different urban wastewater. In this study, the spatial distribution of ARGs and antibiotics across the urban wastewater included domestic, livestock, hospital, pharmaceutical wastewater, influent of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Northeast China. The q-PCR results showed that ARGs were most abundant in community wastewater and followed by WWTP influent, livestock wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater and hospital wastewater. The ARG composition differed among the five ecotypes with qnrS was the dominant ARG subtypes in WWTP influent and community wastewater, while sul2 dominant in livestock, hospital, pharmaceutical wastewater. The concentration of antibiotics was closely related to the antibiotic usage and consumption data. In addition to the high concentration of azithromycin at all sampling points, more than half of the antibiotics in livestock wastewater were veterinary antibiotics. However, antibiotics that closely related to humankind such as roxithromycin and sulfamethoxazole accounted for a higher proportion in hospital wastewater (13.6%) and domestic sewage (33.6%), respectively. The ambiguous correlation between ARGs and their corresponding antibiotics was detected. However, antibiotics that exhibited high ecotoxic effects were closely and positively correlated with ARGs and the class 1 integrons (intI1), which indicated that high ecotoxic compounds might affect antimicrobial resistance of bacteria by mediating horizontal gene transfer of ARGs. The coupling mechanism between the ecological risk of antibiotics and bacterial resistance needed to be further studied, and thereby provided a new insight to study the impact of environmental pollutants on ARGs in various ecotypes.202337267763
6943190.9998Insights into the reduction of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and mobile antibiotic resistance genes by black soldier fly larvae in chicken manure. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) from animal manure has raised concerns about the potential threats to public health. The bioconversion of animal manure with insect larvae, such as the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL, Hermetia illucens [L.]), is a promising technology for quickly attenuating ARB while also recycling waste. In this study, we investigated BSFL conversion systems for chicken manure. Using metagenomic analysis, we tracked ARB and evaluated the resistome dissemination risk by investigating the co-occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and bacterial taxa in a genetic context. Our results indicated that BSFL treatment effectively mitigated the relative abundance of ARB, ARGs, and MGEs by 34.9%, 53.3%, and 37.9%, respectively, within 28 days. Notably, the transferable ARGs decreased by 30.9%, indicating that BSFL treatment could mitigate the likelihood of ARG horizontal transfer and thus reduce the risk of ARB occurrence. In addition, the significantly positive correlation links between antimicrobial concentration and relative abundance of ARB reduced by 44.4%. Moreover, using variance partition analysis (VPA), we identified other bacteria as the most important factor influencing ARB, explaining 20.6% of the ARB patterns. Further analysis suggested that antagonism of other bacteria on ARB increased by 1.4 times, while nutrient competition on both total nitrogen and crude fat increased by 2.8 times. Overall, these findings provide insight into the mechanistic understanding of ARB reduction during BSFL treatment of chicken manure and provide a strategy for rapidly mitigating ARB in animal manure.202337832484