# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 6682 | 0 | 1.0000 | Antibiotic resistance in agriculture: Perspectives on upcoming strategies to overcome upsurge in resistance. Antibiotic resistance is a massive problem rising constantly and spreading rapidly since the past decade. The major underlying mechanism responsible for this problem is an overuse or severe misuse of antibiotics. Regardless of this emerging global threat, antibiotics are still being widely used, not only for treatment of human infections, but also to a great extent in agriculture, livestock and animal husbandry. If the current scenario persists, we might enter into a post-antibiotic era where drugs might not be able to treat even the simplest of infections. This review discusses the current status of antibiotic utilization and molecular basis of antibiotic resistance mechanisms acquired by bacteria, along with the modes of transmittance of the resultant resistant genes into human pathogens through their cycling among different ecosystems. The main focus of the article is to provide an insight into the different molecular and other strategies currently being studied worldwide for their use as an alternate to antibiotics with an overall aim to overcome or minimize the global problem of antibiotic resistance. | 2021 | 34841321 |
| 9443 | 1 | 0.9999 | Is Genetic Mobilization Considered When Using Bacteriophages in Antimicrobial Therapy? The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria has undermined our capacity to control bacterial infectious diseases. Measures needed to tackle this problem include controlling the spread of antibiotic resistance, designing new antibiotics, and encouraging the use of alternative therapies. Phage therapy seems to be a feasible alternative to antibiotics, although there are still some concerns and legal issues to overcome before it can be implemented on a large scale. Here we highlight some of those concerns, especially those related to the ability of bacteriophages to transport bacterial DNA and, in particular, antibiotic resistance genes. | 2017 | 29206153 |
| 6681 | 2 | 0.9999 | Antimicrobial Resistance and Current Alternatives in Veterinary Practice: A Review. Antibiotics are commonly used to treat bacterial infections. For many years, antibiotics have been used at sub-therapeutic doses to promote animal growth and misused as prophylactics and metaphylactic on farms. The widespread and improper use of antibiotics has resulted in a serious problem, defined as antibiotic resistance by the World Health Organisation, which is a major public health threat in the 21st century. Bacteria have evolved sophisticated mechanistic strategies to avoid being killed by antibiotics. These strategies can be classified as intrinsic resistance (referring to the inherent structural or functional characteristics of a bacterial species) or acquired resistance (referring to mutations in chromosomal genes or the acquisition of external genetic determinants of resistance). In farm animals, the use of antibiotics warrants serious consideration, as their residues leach into the environment through effluents and come into contact with humans through food. Several factors have contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This review provides an update on antibiotic resistance mechanisms, while focusing on the effects of this threat on veterinary medicine, and highlighting causal factors in clinical practice. Finally, it makes an excursus on alternative therapies, such as the use of bacteriophages, bacteriocins, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, phytochemicals, and ozone therapy, which should be used to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. Some of these therapies, such as ozone therapy, are aimed at preventing the persistence of antibiotics in animal tissues and their contact with the final consumer of food of animal origin. | 2023 | 36717996 |
| 6675 | 3 | 0.9999 | Genomic Insights into Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance Transmission and Mitigation Strategies. The rapid emergence and global spread of antimicrobial resistance in recent years have raised significant concerns about the future of modern medicine. Superbugs and multidrugresistant bacteria have become endemic in many parts of the world, raising the specter of untreatable infections. The overuse and misuse of antimicrobials over the past 80 years have undoubtedly contributed to the development of antimicrobial resistance, placing immense pressure on healthcare systems worldwide. Nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms underlying antimicrobial resistance in bacteria have existed since ancient times. Some of these mechanisms and processes have served as the precursors of current resistance determinants, highlighting the ongoing arms race between bacteria and their antimicrobial adversaries. Moreover, the environment harbors many putative resistance genes, yet we cannot still predict which of these genes will emerge and manifest as pathogenic resistance phenotypes. The presence of antibiotics in natural habitats, even at sub-inhibitory concentrations, may provide selective pressures that favor the emergence of novel antimicrobial resistance apparatus and, thus, underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of the factors driving the persistence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. As the development of antimicrobial strategies that evade resistance is urgently needed, a clear perception of these critical factors could ultimately pave the way for the design of innovative therapeutic targets. | 2024 | 39021167 |
| 4085 | 4 | 0.9999 | The antibiotic resistome. IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD: Antibiotics are essential for the treatment of bacterial infections and are among our most important drugs. Resistance has emerged to all classes of antibiotics in clinical use. Antibiotic resistance has, proven inevitable and very often it emerges rapidly after the introduction of a drug into the clinic. There is, therefore, a great interest in understanding the origins, scope and evolution of antibiotic resistance. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW: The review discusses the concept of the antibiotic resistome, which is the collection of all genes that directly or indirectly contribute to antibiotic resistance. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN: The review seeks to assemble current knowledge of the resistome concept as a means of understanding the totality of resistance and not just resistance in pathogenic bacteria. TAKE HOME MESSAGE: The concept of the antibiotic resistome provides a framework for the study and understanding of how resistance emerges and evolves. Furthermore, the study of the resistome reveals strategies that can be applied in new antibiotic discoveries. | 2010 | 22827799 |
| 6683 | 5 | 0.9999 | Evolution and Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance in Given Ecosystems: Possible Strategies for Addressing the Challenge of Antibiotic Resistance. Antibiotics were once considered the magic bullet for all human infections. However, their success was short-lived, and today, microorganisms have become resistant to almost all known antimicrobials. The most recent decade of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century have witnessed the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance (ABR) in different pathogenic microorganisms worldwide. Therefore, this narrative review examined the history of antibiotics and the ecological roles of antibiotics, and their resistance. The evolution of bacterial antibiotic resistance in different environments, including aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, and modern tools used for the identification were addressed. Finally, the review addressed the ecotoxicological impact of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and public health concerns and concluded with possible strategies for addressing the ABR challenge. The information provided in this review will enhance our understanding of ABR and its implications for human, animal, and environmental health. Understanding the environmental dimension will also strengthen the need to prevent pollution as the factors influencing ABR in this setting are more than just antibiotics but involve others like heavy metals and biocides, usually not considered when studying ABR. | 2022 | 36671228 |
| 6672 | 6 | 0.9999 | Antibiotic resistance in bacteria - an emerging public health problem. The discovery and eventual introduction of anti-microbial agents to clinical medicine was one of the greatest medical triumphs of the twentieth century that revolutionized the treatment of bacterial diseases. However, the gradual emergence of populations of antibiotic-resistant bacteria resulting from use, misuse and outright abuse of antibiotics has today become a major public health problem of global proportions. This review paper examines the origins and molecular epidemiology of resistance genes, global picture of antibacterial resistance, factors that favour its spread, strategies for its control, problems of control and the consequences of failure to contain antibiotic resistance in bacteria. | 2003 | 27528961 |
| 9444 | 7 | 0.9999 | Prospects for the Use of New Technologies to Combat Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. The increasing use of antibiotics is being driven by factors such as the aging of the population, increased occurrence of infections, and greater prevalence of chronic diseases that require antimicrobial treatment. The excessive and unnecessary use of antibiotics in humans has led to the emergence of bacteria resistant to the antibiotics currently available, as well as to the selective development of other microorganisms, hence contributing to the widespread dissemination of resistance genes at the environmental level. Due to this, attempts are being made to develop new techniques to combat resistant bacteria, among them the use of strictly lytic bacteriophage particles, CRISPR-Cas, and nanotechnology. The use of these technologies, alone or in combination, is promising for solving a problem that humanity faces today and that could lead to human extinction: the domination of pathogenic bacteria resistant to artificial drugs. This prospective paper discusses the potential of bacteriophage particles, CRISPR-Cas, and nanotechnology for use in combating human (bacterial) infections. | 2019 | 31293420 |
| 6684 | 8 | 0.9999 | An African perspective on the prevalence, fate and effects of carbapenem resistance genes in hospital effluents and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) final effluents: A critical review. This article provides an overview of the antibiotic era and discovery of earliest antibiotics until the present day state of affairs, coupled with the emergence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria. The ways of response to challenges of antibiotic resistance (AR) such as the development of novel strategies in the search of new antibiotics, designing more effective preventive measures as well as the ecology of AR have been discussed. The applications of plant extract and chemical compounds like nanomaterials which are based on recent developments in the field of antimicrobials, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and chemotherapy were briefly discussed. The agencies responsible for environmental protection have a role to play in dealing with the climate crisis which poses an existential threat to the planet, and contributes to ecological support towards pathogenic microorganisms. The environment serves as a reservoir and also a vehicle for transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes hence, as dominant inhabitants we have to gain a competitive advantage in the battle against AMR. | 2020 | 32420480 |
| 9488 | 9 | 0.9999 | Minimizing potential resistance: the molecular view. The major contribution of molecular biology to the study of antibiotic resistance has been the elucidation of nearly all biochemical mechanisms of resistance and the routes for dissemination of genetic information among bacteria. In this review, we consider the potential contribution of molecular biology to counteracting the evolution of resistant bacteria. In particular, we emphasize the fact that fundamental approaches have had direct practical effects on minimizing potential resistance: by improving interpretation of resistance phenotypes, by providing more adequate human therapy, by fostering more prudent use of antibiotics, and by allowing the rational design of new drugs that evade existing resistance mechanisms or address unexploited targets. | 2001 | 11524711 |
| 4079 | 10 | 0.9998 | Emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance: a global problem. Antibiotic resistance is a major problem in clinical health settings. Interestingly the origin of many of antibiotic resistance mechanisms can be traced back to non-pathogenic environmental organisms. Important factors leading to the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance include absence of regulation in the use of antibiotics, improper waste disposal and associated transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in the community through commensals. In this review, we discussed the impact of globalisation on the transmission of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria through immigration and export/import of foodstuff. The significance of surveillance to define appropriate use of antibiotics in the clinic has been included as an important preventive measure. | 2012 | 23183460 |
| 8181 | 11 | 0.9998 | Bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents: Mechanisms, control strategies, and implications for global health. The spread of bacterial drug resistance has posed a severe threat to public health globally. Here, we cover bacterial resistance to current antibacterial drugs, including traditional herbal medicines, conventional antibiotics, and antimicrobial peptides. We summarize the influence of bacterial drug resistance on global health and its economic burden while highlighting the resistance mechanisms developed by bacteria. Based on the One Health concept, we propose 4A strategies to combat bacterial resistance, including prudent Application of antibacterial agents, Administration, Assays, and Alternatives to antibiotics. Finally, we identify several opportunities and unsolved questions warranting future exploration for combating bacterial resistance, such as predicting genetic bacterial resistance through the use of more effective techniques, surveying both genetic determinants of bacterial resistance and the transmission dynamics of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). | 2023 | 36435256 |
| 9482 | 12 | 0.9998 | Gene flow, mobile genetic elements and the recruitment of antibiotic resistance genes into Gram-negative pathogens. Antibiotics were one of the great discoveries of the 20th century. However, resistance appeared even in the earliest years of the antibiotic era. Antibiotic resistance continues to become worse, despite the ever-increasing resources devoted to combat the problem. One of the most important factors in the development of resistance to antibiotics is the remarkable ability of bacteria to share genetic resources via Lateral Gene Transfer (LGT). LGT occurs on a global scale, such that in theory, any gene in any organism anywhere in the microbial biosphere might be mobilized and spread. With sufficiently strong selection, any gene may spread to a point where it establishes a global presence. From an antibiotic resistance perspective, this means that a resistance phenotype can appear in a diverse range of infections around the globe nearly simultaneously. We discuss the forces and agents that make this LGT possible and argue that the problem of resistance can ultimately only be managed by understanding the problem from a broad ecological and evolutionary perspective. We also argue that human activities are exacerbating the problem by increasing the tempo of LGT and bacterial evolution for many traits that are important to humans. | 2011 | 21517914 |
| 4016 | 13 | 0.9998 | Antimicrobial-induced horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes in bacteria: a mini-review. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among pathogenic bacteria constitute an accelerating crisis for public health. The selective pressures caused by increased use and misuse of antimicrobials in medicine and livestock production have accelerated the overall selection of resistant bacteria. In addition, horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays an important role in the spread of resistance genes, for example mobilizing reservoirs of AMR from commensal bacteria into pathogenic ones. Antimicrobials, besides antibacterial function, also result in undesirable effects in the microbial populations, including the stimulation of HGT. The main aim of this narrative review was to present an overview of the current knowledge of the impact of antimicrobials on HGT in bacteria, including the effects of transformation, transduction and conjugation, as well as other less well-studied mechanisms of HGT. It is widely accepted that conjugation plays a major role in the spread of AMR in bacteria, and the focus of this review is therefore mainly on the evidence provided that antimicrobial treatment affects this process. Other mechanisms of HGT have so far been deemed less important in this respect; however, recent discoveries suggest their role may be larger than previously thought, and the review provides an update on the rather limited knowledge currently available regarding the impact of antimicrobial treatment on these processes as well. A conclusion from the review is that there is an urgent need to investigate the mechanisms of antimicrobial-induced HGT, since this will be critical for developing new strategies to combat the spread of AMR. | 2022 | 34894259 |
| 4197 | 14 | 0.9998 | Antibiotic-resistant bacteria: a challenge for the food industry. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria were first described in the 1940s, but whereas new antibiotics were being discovered at a steady rate, the consequences of this phenomenon were slow to be appreciated. At present, the paucity of new antimicrobials coming into the market has led to the problem of antibiotic resistance fast escalating into a global health crisis. Although the selective pressure exerted by the use of antibiotics (particularly overuse or misuse) has been deemed the major factor in the emergence of bacterial resistance to these antimicrobials, concerns about the role of the food industry have been growing in recent years and have been raised at both national and international levels. The selective pressure exerted by the use of antibiotics (primary production) and biocides (e.g., disinfectants, food and feed preservatives, or decontaminants) is the main driving force behind the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistance throughout the food chain. Genetically modified (GM) crops with antibiotic resistance marker genes, microorganisms added intentionally to the food chain (probiotic or technological) with potentially transferable antimicrobial resistance genes, and food processing technologies used at sub-lethal doses (e.g., alternative non-thermal treatments) are also issues for concern. This paper presents the main trends in antibiotic resistance and antibiotic development in recent decades, as well as their economic and health consequences, current knowledge concerning the generation, dissemination, and mechanisms of antibacterial resistance, progress to date on the possible routes for emergence of resistance throughout the food chain and the role of foods as a vehicle for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The main approaches to prevention and control of the development, selection, and spread of antibacterial resistance in the food industry are also addressed. | 2013 | 23035919 |
| 4064 | 15 | 0.9998 | Antimicrobial resistance. The development of antimicrobial drugs, and particularly of antibiotics, has played a considerable role in substantially reducing the morbidity and mortality rates of many infectious diseases. However, the fact that bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics has produced a situation where antimicrobial agents are losing their effectiveness because of the spread and persistence of drug-resistant organisms. To combat this, more and more antibiotics with increased therapeutic and prophylactic action will need to be developed.This article is concerned with antibiotic resistance in bacteria which are pathogenic to man and animals. The historical background is given, as well as some information on the present situation and trends of antibiotic resistance to certain bacteria in different parts of the world. Considerable concern is raised over the use of antibiotics in man and animals. It is stated that antibiotic resistance in human pathogens is widely attributed to the "misuse" of antibiotics for treatment and prophylaxis in man and to the administration of antibiotics to animals for a variety of purposes (growth promotion, prophylaxis, or therapy), leading to the accumulation of resistant bacteria in their flora. Factors favouring the development of resistance are discussed. | 1983 | 6603914 |
| 4091 | 16 | 0.9998 | Insights into novel antimicrobial compounds and antibiotic resistance genes from soil metagenomes. In recent years a major worldwide problem has arisen with regard to infectious diseases caused by resistant bacteria. Resistant pathogens are related to high mortality and also to enormous healthcare costs. In this field, cultured microorganisms have been commonly focused in attempts to isolate antibiotic resistance genes or to identify antimicrobial compounds. Although this strategy has been successful in many cases, most of the microbial diversity and related antimicrobial molecules have been completely lost. As an alternative, metagenomics has been used as a reliable approach to reveal the prospective reservoir of antimicrobial compounds and antibiotic resistance genes in the uncultured microbial community that inhabits a number of environments. In this context, this review will focus on resistance genes as well as on novel antibiotics revealed by a metagenomics approach from the soil environment. Biotechnology prospects are also discussed, opening new frontiers for antibiotic development. | 2014 | 25278933 |
| 6685 | 17 | 0.9998 | Fighting Antibiotic Resistance: Insights Into Human Barriers and New Opportunities: Antibiotic Resistance Constantly Rises With the Development of Human Activities. We discuss Barriers and Opportunities to Get It Under Control. The public health issue of bacterial multi-resistance to antibiotics has gained awareness among the public, researchers, and the pharmaceutical sector. Nevertheless, the spread of antimicrobial resistance has been considerably aggravated by human activities, climate change, and the subsequent increased release of antibiotics, drug-resistant bacteria, and antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. The extensive use of antibiotics for medical and veterinary purposes has not only induced increasing resistance but also other health problems, including negative effects on the patient's microbiome. Preventive strategies, new treatment modalities, and increased surveillance are progressively set up. A comprehensive approach is, however, lacking for urgently tackling this adverse situation. To address this challenge, we discussed here the main causes driving antimicrobial resistance and pollution of the environment by factors favorable to the emergence of drug resistance. We next propose some key priorities for research, prevention, surveillance, and education to supervise an effective clinical and sustainable response. | 2025 | 40143711 |
| 9682 | 18 | 0.9998 | Effect of Probiotics on Host-Microbiota in Bacterial Infections. Diseases caused by bacteria cause millions of deaths every year. In addition, the problem of resistance to antibiotics is so serious that it threatens the achievements of modern medicine. This is a very important global problem as some bacteria can also develop persistence. Indeed, the persistence of pathogenic bacteria has evolved as a potent survival strategy to overcome host organisms' defense mechanisms. Additionally, chronic or persistent infections may be caused by persisters which could facilitate antibiotic resistance. Probiotics are considered good bacteria. It has been described that the modulation of gut microbiota by probiotics could have a great potential to counteract the deleterious impact and/or regulate gut microbiota after bacterial infection. Probiotics might provide health benefits through the inhibition of pathogen growth or the replacement of pathogenic bacteria. Bearing in mind that current strategies to avoid bacterial persistence and prevent antibiotic resistance are not effective, other strategies need to be assessed. We have carried out a comprehensive review, which included the reported literature between 2016 and 2021, highlighting the clinical trials that reported the probiotics' potential to regulate gut microbiota after bacterial infection and focusing in particular on the context of antibiotic resistance and persister cells. | 2022 | 36145418 |
| 6677 | 19 | 0.9998 | Biofilm exacerbates antibiotic resistance: Is this a current oversight in antimicrobial stewardship? OBJECTIVE: To raise awareness of the role of environmental biofilm in the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance and its consideration in antimicrobial stewardship. BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is a major threat to public health. Overuse of antibiotics, increased international travel, and genetic promiscuity amongst bacteria have contributed to antibiotic resistance, and global containment efforts have so far met with limited success. Antibiotic resistance is a natural mechanism by which bacteria have adapted to environmental threats over billions of years and is caused either by genetic mutations or by horizontal gene transfer. Another ancient survival strategy involves bacteria existing within a self-produced polymeric matrix, which today is termed biofilm. Biofilm similarly enables bacterial tolerance to environmental threats, and also encourages the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between bacterial species. This natural and ubiquitous mode of bacterial life has not been considered amongst strategies to tackle antibiotic resistance in healthcare facilities, despite its ability to significantly enhance bacterial survival and persistence, and to encourage antibiotic resistance. CONCLUSION: Biofilm must be considered synonymously with antibiotic resistance because of its proficiency in transferring resistance genes as well as its innate phenotypic tolerance to antibiotics. Although biofilm falls outside of the current definition of antimicrobial stewardship, greater awareness of the existence, ubiquity, and consequences of environmental biofilm amongst healthcare practitioners is crucial to improving hygiene practices and controlling the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance in healthcare facilities. | 2020 | 33081846 |