# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 5854 | 0 | 1.0000 | Discovery of a gene conferring multiple-aminoglycoside resistance in Escherichia coli. Bovine-origin Escherichia coli isolates were tested for resistance phenotypes using a disk diffusion assay and for resistance genotypes using a DNA microarray. An isolate with gentamicin and amikacin resistance but with no corresponding genes detected yielded a 1,056-bp DNA sequence with the closest homologues for its inferred protein sequence among a family of 16S rRNA methyltransferase enzymes. These enzymes confer high-level aminoglycoside resistance and have only recently been described in Gram-negative bacteria. | 2010 | 20368404 |
| 5953 | 1 | 0.9998 | CAT III chloramphenicol resistance in Pasteurella haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida isolated from calves. Chloramphenicol, which had been used extensively for antimicrobial veterinary therapy, was prohibited in Europe in 1994. Soon after it became available, resistance to this drug was detected, generally conferred by plasmids encoding inactivating enzymes, the chloramphenicol acetyltransferases (CAT), in Gram-negative as well as in Gram-positive bacteria. In the last few years, resistance to antibiotics emerged in Pasteurella strains from breeding herds and this evolution was followed by a national surveillance network. Chloramphenicol-resistance was more recently detected in multiresistant strains. We studied 25 strains of Pasteurella, selected for their resistance to chloramphenicol. Production of a CAT was demonstrated in all these strains. PCR amplification indicated that the CAT produced was of type III for 23 of them. In these strains, chloramphenicol-resistance was mediated by plasmids of about 5.1 kb. Southern blots on restriction fragments suggested a high degree of homology between these 5.1 kb plasmids. In the two other strains, production of a CAT type I was demonstrated, and the corresponding genes were either shown on a plasmid of 17 or 5.5 kb. | 1996 | 8877534 |
| 2082 | 2 | 0.9998 | Rapid screening technique for class 1 integrons in Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria and its use in molecular epidemiology. A screening technique for integrons in members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria by real-time PCR is reported. A total of 226 isolates of gram-negative bacteria obtained from a variety of clinical specimens were screened for class 1 integrons by real-time PCR performed on a LightCycler instrument. This technique used a primer pair specific for a 300-bp conserved region at the 5' ends of class 1 integrons. The screening assay was evaluated by comparison with results obtained by the conventional, thermal-block PCR (long PCR) by using established conditions and primers for the detection of class 1 integrons, and the real-time PCR technique was thus shown to be both sensitive and specific. DNA from 50 of 226 (22%) isolates screened was identified as containing an integron by the screening PCR, and sequence data were obtained across the integron for 34 of 50 (68%) of these isolates. In an attempt to study the molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance genes carried within integrons, a comparison of the types of gene cassettes carried by isolates from different patients was made. Adenyltransferase genes conferring resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin were the predominant gene cassettes amplified in the study. Resistance to trimethoprim was also frequently found to be encoded within integrons. Furthermore, multiple bacterial isolates obtained from one patient over a 5-month period were all shown to carry an integron containing the same single adenyltransferase gene cassette, suggesting that these elements were relatively stable in this case. | 2001 | 11257011 |
| 5855 | 3 | 0.9998 | Plasmid-encoded resistance to arsenic compounds in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from a hospital environment in Venezuela. Resistance to arsenic compounds was examined among amikacin resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolate from a hospital environment. Arsenite resistance (Ars(r)) was found in a high proportion of isolates ( >60%) being frequently associated with resistance to tellurite (40%), and to other antimicrobial agents. Ars determinants (27%) were found to be transferable to E. coli K12 strains from which large plasmid DNA molecules were isolated and characterized by agarose gel electrophoresis. Plasmids were identified by both classical incompatibility tests, and by replicon typing using DNA specific probes. Most of the amikacin-arsenite (Ak-Ars) conjugative plasmids belong to the H incompatibility group. These results suggest that Ak-Ars resistance linked to IncH plasmids is wide spread in Gram-negative bacteria. | 1997 | 18611788 |
| 5957 | 4 | 0.9998 | ant(6)-I Genes Encoding Aminoglycoside O-Nucleotidyltransferases Are Widely Spread Among Streptomycin Resistant Strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. Thermotolerant Campylobacter species C. jejuni and C. coli are actually recognized as the major bacterial agent responsible for food-transmitted gastroenteritis. The most effective antimicrobials against Campylobacter are macrolides and some, but not all aminoglycosides. Among these, susceptibility to streptomycin is reduced by mutations in the ribosomal RPSL protein or by expression of ANT(6)-I aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferases. The presence of streptomycin resistance genes was evaluated among streptomycin-resistant Campylobacter isolated from humans and animals by using PCR with degenerated primers devised to distinguish ant(6)-Ia, ant(6)-Ib and other ant-like genes. Genes encoding ANT(6)-I enzymes were found in all possible combinations with a major fraction of the isolates carrying a previously described ant-like gene, distantly related and belonging to the new ant(6)-I sub-family ant(6)-Ie. Among Campylobacter isolates, ant(6)-Ie was uniquely found functional in C. coli, as shown by gene transfer and phenotype expression in Escherichia coli, unlike detected coding sequences in C. jejuni that were truncated by an internal frame shift associated to RPSL mutations in streptomycin resistant strains. The genetic relationships of C. coli isolates with ANT(6)-Ie revealed one cluster of strains presented in bovine and humans, suggesting a circulation pathway of Campylobacter strains by consuming contaminated calf meat by bacteria expressing this streptomycin resistance element. | 2018 | 30405573 |
| 5987 | 5 | 0.9998 | Mutations in gyrA and parC QRDRs are not relevant for quinolone resistance in epidemiological unrelated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates. Clinical strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are often highly resistant to multiple antibiotics and this resistance is steadily rising. Quinolones are included in the group of antimicrobial agents to which this microorganism is developing resistance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological relationship among 22 clinical isolates of S. maltophilia as well as the molecular mechanisms responsible for the acquisition of quinolone-resistance in these strains. The results of the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed an heterogenicity of 82% among the strains used in the study. On the other hand, no amino acid changes were found in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of either gyrA and parC genes among quinolone-susceptible and -resistant S. maltophilia strains. Besides, the amino acid of the GyrA found in the position equivalent to Ser-83 of E. coli was Gln instead of a Ser or Thr, the amino acids usually encountered in this position among Gram-negative bacteria. The results suggest that there is not a relationship between the presence of this Gln and the resistance to quinolones in S. maltophilia. We can conclude that, contrary to what has been described in other microorganisms, in these S. maltophilia isolates, the development of resistance to quinolones was not related to mutations in the QRDR of gyrA and parC genes. Thus, to our knowledge, this is the first report describing this phenomenon. | 2002 | 12523620 |
| 5973 | 6 | 0.9998 | DNA microarray detection of antimicrobial resistance genes in diverse bacteria. High throughput genotyping is essential for studying the spread of multiple antimicrobial resistance. A test oligonucleotide microarray designed to detect 94 antimicrobial resistance genes was constructed and successfully used to identify antimicrobial resistance genes in control strains. The microarray was then used to assay 51 distantly related bacteria, including Gram-negative and Gram-positive isolates, resulting in the identification of 61 different antimicrobial resistance genes in these bacteria. These results were consistent with their known gene content and resistance phenotypes. Microarray results were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis. These results demonstrate that this approach could be used to construct a microarray to detect all sequenced antimicrobial resistance genes in nearly all bacteria. | 2006 | 16427254 |
| 5972 | 7 | 0.9998 | Method of Selection of Bacteria Antibiotic Resistance Genes Based on Clustering of Similar Nucleotide Sequences. A new method for selection of bacterium antibiotic resistance genes is proposed and tested for solving the problems related to selection of primers for PCR assay. The method implies clustering of similar nucleotide sequences and selection of group primers for all genes of each cluster. Clustering of resistance genes for six groups of antibiotics (aminoglycosides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, macrolides and lincosamides, and fusidic acid) was performed. The method was tested for 81 strains of bacteria of different genera isolated from patients (K. pneumoniae, Staphylococcus spp., S. agalactiae, E. faecalis, E. coli, and G. vaginalis). The results obtained by us are comparable to those in the selection of individual genes; this allows reducing the number of primers necessary for maximum coverage of the known antibiotic resistance genes during PCR analysis. | 2017 | 29063318 |
| 5947 | 8 | 0.9998 | Fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus agalactiae: epidemiology and mechanism of resistance. Quinolone-resistant Streptococcus agalactiae bacteria were recovered from single-patient isolates and found to contain mutations in the gyrase and topoisomerase IV genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that four isolates from the same long-term care facility were closely related; in seven cases, quinolone-resistant Haemophilus influenzae and S. agalactiae bacteria were isolated from the same patient. | 2005 | 15917553 |
| 5853 | 9 | 0.9998 | Identification of the tet(B) resistance gene in Streptococcus suis. The tetracycline resistance gene, tet(B), has been described previously in gram negative bacteria. In this study tet(B) was detected in plasmid extracts from 17/111 (15%) Streptococcus suis isolates from diseased pigs, representing the first report of this resistance gene in gram positive bacteria. | 2011 | 20696603 |
| 5976 | 10 | 0.9997 | fosM, a New Family of Fosfomycin Resistance Genes Identified in Bacterial Species Isolated from Human Microbiota. Fosfomycin is a decades-old antibiotic, currently reused because of its activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Here, we used a combined in vitro/in silico approach to search for fosfomycin resistance determinants in 25 new bacterial species isolated from the human microbiota. Putative resistance genes were cloned into a susceptible Escherichia coli strain. MIC values increased from 1 μg/ml to 1,024 μg/ml. Here, we report a new family of potential chromosomal fosfomycin resistance genes, named fosM. | 2021 | 33199384 |
| 5970 | 11 | 0.9997 | DNA microarray for detection of macrolide resistance genes. A DNA microarray was developed to detect bacterial genes conferring resistance to macrolides and related antibiotics. A database containing 65 nonredundant genes selected from publicly available DNA sequences was constructed and used to design 100 oligonucleotide probes that could specifically detect and discriminate all 65 genes. Probes were spotted on a glass slide, and the array was reacted with DNA templates extracted from 20 reference strains of eight different bacterial species (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Escherichia coli, and Bacteroides fragilis) known to harbor 29 different macrolide resistance genes. Hybridization results showed that probes reacted with, and only with, the expected DNA templates and allowed discovery of three unexpected genes, including msr(SA) in B. fragilis, an efflux gene that has not yet been described for gram-negative bacteria. | 2006 | 16723563 |
| 2010 | 12 | 0.9997 | Epidemiological survey of genes encoding aminoglycoside phosphotransferases APH (3') I and APH (3') II using DNA probes. The epidemiological survey of APH (3') I and APH (3') II genes, at a time when the specific antibiotic pressure was very low, was carried out by DNA-DNA hybridization. The sample included 334 aminoglycoside resistant Gram-negative bacteria collected from patients of a General Hospital. Of these, 251 hybridized with the APH (3') I-probe and 19 with the APH (3') II-probe but only 190 strains showed high resistance levels (CIM greater than 64 micrograms/ml) for kanamycin, neomycin and paromomycin. These strains were isolated both from inpatients and outpatients with different infectious diseases. The APH (3') I-gene was dispersed among all the bacterial species and clinical specimens tested but the APH (3') II-gene was not found in Pseudomonas spp, Escherichia coli, Citrobacter freundii and Enterobacter cloacae, nor in infected catheters. Several plasmids of different sizes carrying APH (3') genes were detected among different bacteria. Plasmids along with transposable elements (the probes used in this work were developed from Tn906 and Tn5) and the high consumption of other antibiotics whose resistance is carried by these bacteria might be playing an important role in the maintenance and dispersion of APH (3') genes. | 1992 | 1328557 |
| 5954 | 13 | 0.9997 | Distribution of genes for trimethoprim and gentamicin resistance in bacteria and their plasmids in a general hospital. The incidence of trimethoprim resistance in enterobacteria causing infection in a London hospital increased from 5.6% in 1970 to 16% in 1979. The proportion of gentamicin-resistant aerobic Gram-negative bacilli had risen to 6.5% by 1979. During a 5-month period in 1977, during which no epidemic was recognized, all isolates resistant to either trimethoprim, gentamicin, tobramycin or amikacin were studied. The proportion of enterobacteria resistant to both trimethoprim and gentamicin (3.8% of the total) was significantly higher than expected assuming no correlation between acquisition of resistance characters. The resistance was transferable in 23% of trimethoprim-resistant and 76% of gentamicin-resistant strains. Trimethoprim resistance was carried by plasmids of seven different incompatibility groups and in at least four instances was part of a transposon. Gentamicin resistance was determined by plasmids of three groups - IncC, IncFII and IncW. Transposition of gentamicin resistance was not shown, though this may have been the means of evolution of the gentamicin R plasmids of InW, which determined aminoglycoside acetyltransferase, AAC(3). Some bacterial strains with their plasmids were endemic. There was evidence for these plasmids (i) acquiring new resistance genes by transposition, (ii) losing resistance genes by deletion and (iii) being transferred between bacterial species in the hospital. | 1980 | 7003059 |
| 5971 | 14 | 0.9997 | Detection of antibiotic resistance genes in different Salmonella serovars by oligonucleotide microarray analysis. In this study the feasibility of 50- and 60-mer oligonucleotides in microarray analysis for the detection and identification of antibiotic resistance genes in various Salmonella strains was assessed. The specificity of the designed oligonucleotides was evaluated, furthermore the optimal spotting concentration was determined. The oligonucleotide microarray was used to screen two sets of Salmonella strains for the presence of several antibiotic resistance genes. Set 1 consisted of strains with variant Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1) multidrug resistance (MDR) regions of which the antibiotic resistance profiles and genotypes were known. The second set contained strains of which initially only phenotypic data were available. The microarray results of the first set of Salmonella strains perfectly matched with the phenotypic and genotypic information. The microarray data of the second set were almost completely in concordance with the available phenotypic data. It was concluded that the microarray technique in combination with random primed genomic labeling and 50- or 60-mer oligonucleotides is a powerful tool for the detection of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria. | 2005 | 15823391 |
| 5980 | 15 | 0.9997 | Mutation in the gyrA gene of quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. The gyrA gene mutations associated with quinolone resistance were determined in 21 epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. Our studies highlight the conserved sequences in the quinolone resistance-determining region of the gyrA gene from A. baumannii and other bacteria. All 15 isolates for which the MIC of ciprofloxacin is > or = 4 micrograms/ml showed a change at Ser-83 to Leu. Six strains for which the MIC of ciprofloxacin is 1 microgram/ml did not show any change at Ser-83, although a strain for which the MIC of ciprofloxacin is 1 microgram/ml exhibited a change at Gly-81 to Val. Although it is possible that mutations in other locations of the gyrA gene, the gyrB gene, or in other genes may also contribute to the modulation of the MIC level, our results suggest that a gyrA mutation at Ser-83 is associated with quinolone resistance in A. baumannii. | 1995 | 7625818 |
| 5956 | 16 | 0.9997 | Gentamicin resistance in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli encoded by genes of veterinary origin. Seven (27%) of 26 gentamicin-resistant human clinical isolates of Escherichia coli were resistant to the veterinary aminoglycoside antibiotic apramycin. A gentamicin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from a patient infected with gentamicin/apramycin-resistant E. coli was also resistant to apramycin. DNA hybridisation studies showed that all gentamicin/apramycin-resistant isolates contained a gene encoding the enzyme 3-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase type IV (AAC[3]IV) that mediates resistance to gentamicin and apramycin in bacteria isolated from animals. Seven of the eight gentamicin/apramycin-resistant isolates were also resistant to the veterinary antihelminthic agent hygromycin B, a phenomenon observed previously in gentamicin/apramycin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from animals. Resistance to gentamicin/apramycin and hygromycin B was co-transferable in six of the isolates. Restriction enzyme analysis of plasmids in apramycin-resistant transconjugants derived from E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from the same patient were virtually identical, suggesting that inter-generic transfer of plasmids encoding apramycin resistance had occurred in vivo. These findings support the view that resistance to gentamicin and apramycin in clinical isolates of E. coli results from the spread of resistant organisms from animals to man, with subsequent inter-strain or inter-species spread, or both, of resistance genes on transferable plasmids. | 1994 | 8114074 |
| 5986 | 17 | 0.9997 | Transferable fluoroquinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from hemocultures. BACKGROUND: The main mechanisms causing high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQ) are encoded chromosomally; that includes mutations in genes coding DNA-gyrase, but overexpression of efflux pumps contributes to increased minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of FQ as well. However, genes responsible for FQ-resistance may be harboured in transferable/conjugative plasmids. For some time, there was an assumption that resistance to FQ cannot be transferable in conjugation due to their synthetic origin, until 1998, when plasmid-mediated resistance transmission in Klebsiella pneumoniae was proved. We aimed to detect the occurrence of transferable FQ-resistance among Gram- negative bacteria isolated from patients in Czech and Slovak hospitals. METHODS: In this study, we tested 236 clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria for transferable resistance. Among relevant isolates we performed PCR detection of transferable fluoroquinolone genes (qnr). RESULTS: We have observed transfer of determinants of cephalosporin-resistance, aminoglycoside resistance as well as FQ-resistance (in 10 cases; 4.24%) not only intra-species but inter-species too. The presence of qnr gene was detected in two isolates of forty tested (5%). We have also observed that determinants of cephalosporin-resistance and aminoglycoside-resistance were linked to those of FQ-resistance and were transferred en block in conjugation. CONCLUSION: We have proved that resistance to fluoroquinolones can be transferred horizontally via conjugation among Gram-negative bacteria of different species and is associated with resistance to other antibiotics. | 2014 | 24844110 |
| 2081 | 18 | 0.9997 | Distribution of the antiseptic-resistance gene qacE delta 1 in gram-positive bacteria. The distribution of the antiseptic-resistance genes qacE and qacE delta 1, originally isolated from Gram-negative bacteria, was studied in a large number of Gram-positive bacteria by a method that included the polymerase chain reaction. A total of 151 strains of Staphylococcus and Enterococcus, isolated from clinical sources and obtained from the Japanese Collection of Microorganisms, was used in this analysis. We found the qacE delta 1 gene in 36 of 103 strains of Staphylococcus and in nine of 48 strains of Enterococcus. All of the strains in which we detected the qacE delta 1 gene were clinical isolates. The qacE gene was not detected in any of the strains examined in this study. The nucleotide sequences of the qacE delta 1 genes from the strains of Staphylococcus and Enterococcus were identical to that of the gene located on integron InC in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These results indicate that the antiseptic-resistance gene qacE delta 1 is present in Gram-positive, as well as Gram-negative, bacteria. | 1998 | 9742702 |
| 2080 | 19 | 0.9997 | Distribution of the antiseptic-resistance genes qacE and qacE delta 1 in gram-negative bacteria. The distribution of the antiseptic-resistance genes qacE and qacE delta 1 was studied in a large number of Gram-negative bacteria by a method that included the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 117 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, isolated from clinical or environmental sources, was used in this analysis. We demonstrated the presence of these genes in 48 of 78 strains of Pseudomonas, in 20 of 26 strains of Vibrio, and in four of 13 strains of other species. These results indicate that the antiseptic-resistance genes are present in a broad range of species of Gram-negative bacteria. | 1998 | 9503610 |