# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 5843 | 0 | 1.0000 | Genome sequences of copper resistant and sensitive Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from copper-fed pigs in Denmark. Six strains of Enterococcus faecalis (S1, S12, S17, S18, S19 and S32) were isolated from copper fed pigs in Denmark. These Gram-positive bacteria within the genus Enterococcus are able to survive a variety of physical and chemical challenges by the acquisition of diverse genetic elements. The genome of strains S1, S12, S17, S18, S19 and S32 contained 2,615, 2,769, 2,625, 2,804, 2,853 and 2,935 protein-coding genes, with 41, 42, 27, 42, 32 and 44 genes encoding antibiotic and metal resistance, respectively. Differences between Cu resistant and sensitive E. faecalis strains, and possible co-transfer of Cu and antibiotic resistance determinants were detected through comparative genome analysis. | 2015 | 26203344 |
| 5850 | 1 | 0.9987 | Gram-positive merA gene in gram-negative oral and urine bacteria. Clinical mercury resistant (Hg(r)) Gram-negative bacteria carrying Gram-positive mercury reductase (merA)-like genes were characterized using DNA-DNA hybridization, PCR and sequencing. A PCR assay was developed which discriminated between the merA genes related to Staphylococcus and those related to the Bacillus/Streptococcus merA genes by the difference in size of the PCR product. DNA sequence analysis correlated with the PCR assay. The merA genes from Acinetobacter junii, Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli were sequenced and shared 98-99% identical nucleotide (nt) and 99.6-100% amino acid identity with the Staphylococcus aureus MerA protein. A fourth merA gene, from Pantoeae agglomerans, was partially sequenced (60%) and had 99% identical nt and 100% amino acid identity with the Streptococcus oralis MerA protein. All the Hg(r) Gram-negative bacteria transferred their Gram-positive merA genes to a Gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis recipient with the resulting transconjugants expressing mercury resistance. These Gram-positive merA genes join Gram-positive tetracycline resistance and Gram-positive macrolide resistance genes in their association with mobile elements which are able to transfer and express in Gram-negative bacteria. | 2004 | 15358427 |
| 5861 | 2 | 0.9987 | Distribution of genes conferring combined resistance to tetracycline and minocycline among group B streptococcal isolates from humans and various animals. Forty-nine tetracycline and minocycline resistant streptococci of serological group B isolated from humans, cattle, pigs and nutrias were investigated for the presence of genes conferring this combined resistance. Southern blot hybridization of EcoRI-digested chromosomal DNA of the bacteria revealed for 39 of the cultures a hybridization signal with tet(M), for four of the cultures a hybridization signal with tet(O) and for none of the cultures a hybridization signal with the tet(Q) gene probe. The restriction endonuclease digested and blotted DNA of six tetracycline and minocycline resistant group B streptococci did not hybridize with any of the available gene probes. The tet(M) gene probes recognized complementary sequences of EcoRI fragments of approximately 10.5 kb and 21.5 kb, the tet(O) gene probe hybridized with fragments of approximately 19 kb. The hybridization of the tet(M) gene probe in two different patterns appeared to be related to the origin of the cultures. | 1994 | 7727901 |
| 5853 | 3 | 0.9986 | Identification of the tet(B) resistance gene in Streptococcus suis. The tetracycline resistance gene, tet(B), has been described previously in gram negative bacteria. In this study tet(B) was detected in plasmid extracts from 17/111 (15%) Streptococcus suis isolates from diseased pigs, representing the first report of this resistance gene in gram positive bacteria. | 2011 | 20696603 |
| 5969 | 4 | 0.9986 | Microarray-based detection of 90 antibiotic resistance genes of gram-positive bacteria. A disposable microarray was developed for detection of up to 90 antibiotic resistance genes in gram-positive bacteria by hybridization. Each antibiotic resistance gene is represented by two specific oligonucleotides chosen from consensus sequences of gene families, except for nine genes for which only one specific oligonucleotide could be developed. A total of 137 oligonucleotides (26 to 33 nucleotides in length with similar physicochemical parameters) were spotted onto the microarray. The microarrays (ArrayTubes) were hybridized with 36 strains carrying specific antibiotic resistance genes that allowed testing of the sensitivity and specificity of 125 oligonucleotides. Among these were well-characterized multidrug-resistant strains of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Lactococcus lactis and an avirulent strain of Bacillus anthracis harboring the broad-host-range resistance plasmid pRE25. Analysis of two multidrug-resistant field strains allowed the detection of 12 different antibiotic resistance genes in a Staphylococcus haemolyticus strain isolated from mastitis milk and 6 resistance genes in a Clostridium perfringens strain isolated from a calf. In both cases, the microarray genotyping corresponded to the phenotype of the strains. The ArrayTube platform presents the advantage of rapidly screening bacteria for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes known in gram-positive bacteria. This technology has a large potential for applications in basic research, food safety, and surveillance programs for antimicrobial resistance. | 2005 | 15872258 |
| 5864 | 5 | 0.9986 | Characterization of the tetracycline resistance plasmid pMD5057 from Lactobacillus plantarum 5057 reveals a composite structure. The 10,877bp tetracycline resistance plasmid pMD5057 from Lactobacillus plantarum 5057 was completely sequenced. The sequence revealed a composite structure containing DNA from up to four different sources. The replication region had homology to other plasmids of lactic acid bacteria while the tetracycline resistance region, containing a tet(M) gene, had high homology to sequences from Clostridium perfringens and Staphylococcus aureus. Within the tetracycline resistance region a Lactobacillus IS-element was found. The remaining part of the plasmid contained three open reading frames with unknown functions. The composite structure with several truncated genes suggests a recent assembly of the plasmid. This is the first sequence of an antibiotic resistance plasmid isolated from L. plantarum. | 2002 | 12383727 |
| 5988 | 6 | 0.9986 | Enterococcal vanB resistance locus in anaerobic bacteria in human faeces. While developing a rapid method to detect carriers of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), we found the vanB gene by PCR in 13 of 50 human faecal specimens that did not contain culturable VRE. Passaging under antibiotic selection allowed us to isolate two species of anaerobic bacteria that were vanB PCR positive, vancomycin resistant, and teicoplanin sensitive. Sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA genes showed that one isolate resembled Eggerthella lenta (98% identity), and the other Clostridium innocuum (92% identity). Southern hybridisation and nucleotide sequencing showed a vanB locus homologous to that in VRE. We propose that vanB resistance in enterococci might arise from gene transfer in the human bowel. | 2001 | 11265957 |
| 5999 | 7 | 0.9985 | Food isolate Listeria monocytogenes harboring tetM gene plasmid-mediated exchangeable to Enterococcus faecalis on the surface of processed cheese. The genetic basis of tetracycline resistance in a food isolate Listeria monocytogenes (Lm16) was evaluated. Resistance to tetracycline was associated with the presence of the tetM gene in plasmid DNA. The sequence of tetM showed 100% of similarity with the Enterococcus faecalis sequences found in the EMBL database, suggesting that Lm16 received this gene from E. faecalis. Various size bands were detected in the DNA plasmid analysis, the largest being approximately 54.38 kb. Transferability of the tetM gene was achieved in vitro by agar matings between Lm16 and E. faecalis JH2-2, proving the potential for the spread of tetM by horizontal gene transfer. Furthermore, the conjugation experiments were performed on the surface of processed cheese, confirming the transferability in a food matrix. PCR assays were used to confirm the identity of E. faecalis and to detect the tetM gene in transconjugant bacteria. Additionally, the minimal inhibitory concentration for tetracycline and rifampicin and plasmid profiling were performed. This is the first report of a food isolate L. monocytogenes carrying the tetM gene in plasmid DNA, and it highlights the potential risk of spreading antimicrobial resistance genes between different bacteria. | 2018 | 29580513 |
| 5851 | 8 | 0.9985 | Arsenic resistance determinants from environmental bacteria. Arsenic resistance determinants from 42 environmental bacterial isolates (32 Gram negative) were analyzed by DNA: DNA hybridization using probes derived from Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus plasmid or chromosomal arsenic resistance (ars) genes. In colony hybridization assays, 11 and 1 Gram negative strains hybridized with the E. coli chromosome and plasmid probes, respectively. No hybridization was detected using a probe containing only the arsA (ATPase) gene from E. coli plasmid or with a Staphylococcus plasmid ars probe. From Southern hybridization tests of some of the positive strains it was concluded that homology to ars chromosomal genes occurred within chromosome regions, except in an E. coli isolate where hybridization occurred in both the chromosome and a 130-kb plasmid. Our results show that DNA sequences homologous to E. coli ars chromosomal genes are commonly present in the chromosomes of environmental arsenic-resistant Gram negative isolates. | 1998 | 10932734 |
| 5868 | 9 | 0.9985 | Evaluation of plasmid content and tetracycline resistance conjugative transfer in Enterococcus italicus strains of dairy origin. Five Enterococcus italicus strains harbouring tet genes responsible for the tetracycline resistance were subjected to plasmid profile determination studies. For four strains tested the profiles showed between three and six plasmid bands, the size of which ranged between 1.6 and 18.5 kb. Southern hybridization experiments associated tetS and tetK genes with chromosomal DNA in all strains and tetM gene with plasmids of around the same size (18.5 kb) in two of the tested strains. The ability of the new species to transfer tetM gene was studied by transfer experiments with the tetracycline-susceptible recipient strains E. faecalis JH2-2 and OG1RF; mobilization experiments were performed with E. faecalis JH 2-2 harbouring the conjugative plasmid pIP501as helper plasmid. The results obtained show that the new enterococcal species was able to acquire antibiotic resistance by conjugation, but not to transfer its plasmids to other bacteria. Further PCR and hybridization experiments carried out to assess the presence of mobilization sequences also suggest that the tetM plasmid from E. italicus is a non-mobilizable plasmid. | 2009 | 19484299 |
| 5852 | 10 | 0.9985 | A novel transposon, Tn6009, composed of a Tn916 element linked with a Staphylococcus aureus mer operon. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to characterize a novel conjugative transposon Tn6009 composed of a Tn916 linked to a Staphylococcus aureus mer operon in representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria isolated in Nigeria and Portugal. METHODS: Eighty-three Gram-positive and 34 Gram-negative bacteria were screened for the presence of the Tn6009 using DNA-DNA hybridization, PCR, hybridization of PCR products, sequencing and mating experiments by established procedures. RESULTS: Forty-three oral and 23 urine Gram-negative and Gram-positive isolates carried the Tn6009. Sequencing was performed to verify the direct linkage between the mer resistance genes and the tet(M) gene. A Nigerian Klebsiella pneumoniae, isolated from a urinary tract infection patient, and one commensal isolate from each of the other Tn6009-positive genera, Serratia liquefaciens, Pseudomonas sp., Enterococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp. isolated from the oral and urine samples of healthy Portuguese children, were able to act as donors and conjugally transfer the Tn6009 to the Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2 recipient, resulting in tetracycline- and mercury-resistant E. faecalis transconjugants. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports a novel non-composite conjugative transposon Tn6009 containing a Tn916 element linked to an S. aureus mer operon carrying genes coding for inorganic mercury resistance (merA), an organic mercury resistance (merB), a regulatory protein (merR) and a mercury transporter (merT). This transposon was identified in 66 isolates from two Gram-positive and three Gram-negative genera and is the first transposon in the Tn916 family to carry the Gram-positive mer genes directly linked to the tet(M) gene. | 2008 | 18583328 |
| 493 | 11 | 0.9985 | Mercury resistance transposons of gram-negative environmental bacteria and their classification. A total of 29 mercury resistance transposons were isolated from mercury-resistant environmental strains of proteobacteria collected in different parts of Eurasia and the USA and tested for hybridization with probes specific for transposase genes of known mercury resistance transposons. 9 were related to Tn21 in this test, 12 were related to Tn5053, 4 to Tn5041 and 1 to Tn5044; three transposons were negative in this test. Restriction mapping and DNA sequencing revealed that 12 transposons were identical or nearly identical to their corresponding relatives while the rest showed varying divergence from their closest relatives. Most of these previously unknown transposons apparently arose as a result of homologous or site-specific recombination. One of these, Tn5046, was completely sequenced, and shown to be a chimera with the mer operon and the transposition module derived from the transposons related to Tn5041 and to Tn5044, respectively. Transposon Tn5070, showing no hybridization with the specific probes used in this study, was also completely sequenced. The transposition module of Tn5070 was most closely related to that of Tn3 while the mer operon was most closely related to that of plasmid pMERPH. The merR of Tn5070 is transcribed in the same direction as the mer structural genes, which is typical for mer operons of gram-positive bacteria. Our data suggest that environmental bacteria may harbor many not yet recognized mercury resistance transposons and warrant their further inventory. | 2001 | 11763242 |
| 1791 | 12 | 0.9985 | Complete genome sequence of Enterobacter cloacae R11 reveals multiple genes potentially associated with high-level polymyxin E resistance. Enterobacter cloacae strain R11 is a multidrug-resistant bacterium isolated from sewage water near a swine feedlot in China. Strain R11 can survive in medium containing up to 192 μg/mL polymyxin E, indicating a tolerance for this antibiotic that is significantly higher than that reported for other gram-negative bacteria. In this study, conjugation experiments showed that partial polymyxin E resistance could be transferred from strain R11 to Escherichia coli strain 25922, revealing that some genes related to polymyxin E resistance are plasmid-based. The complete genome sequence of this strain was determined, yielding a total of 4 993 008 bp (G+C content, 53.15%) and 4908 genes for the circular chromosome and 4 circular plasmids. Genome analysis revealed a total of 73 putative antibiotic resistance genes, including several polymyxin E resistance genes and genes potentially involved in multidrug resistance. These data provide insights into the genetic basis of the polymyxin E resistance and multidrug resistance of E. cloacae. | 2018 | 29073359 |
| 3587 | 13 | 0.9985 | Distribution of the streptomycin-resistance transposon Tn5393 among phylloplane and soil bacteria from managed agricultural habitats. The distribution of the strA-strB streptomycin-resistance (Smr) genes associated with Tn5393 was examined in bacteria isolated from the phylloplane and soil of ornamental pear and tomato. Two ornamental pear nurseries received previous foliar applications of streptomycin, whereas the tomato fields had no prior exposure to streptomycin bactericides. Although the recovery of culturable Smr bacteria was generally higher from soil, the highest occurrence of Smr was observed in phylloplane bacteria of an ornamental pear nursery that received 15 annual applications of streptomycin during the previous 2 years. Twenty-two and 12% of 143 Gram-negative phylloplane and 163 Gram-negative soil isolates, respectively, contained sequences that hybridized to probes specific for the strA-strB Smr genes and for the transposase and resolvase genes of Tn5393. These sequences were located on large plasmids (> 60 kb) in 74% of the isolates. The 77 Smr Gram-positive bacteria isolated in the present study showed no homology to the Tn5393-derived probes. Although the repeated use of a single antibiotic in clinical situations is known to favor the development of strains with resistance to other antibiotics, we found no evidence that intensive streptomycin usage in agricultural habitats favors the development of resistance to tetracycline, an antibiotic also registered for disease control on plants. The detection of Tn5393 in bacteria with no prior exposure to streptomycin suggests that this transposon is indigenous to both phylloplane and soil microbial communities. | 1995 | 7585356 |
| 5992 | 14 | 0.9985 | Emergence of Enterococcus gallinarum carrying vanA gene cluster displaying atypical phenotypes. Motile enterococci such as Enterococcus gallinarum has the ability to acquire and transfer antibiotic resistance genes to other enterococci. Even though infections caused by E. gallinarum are rare, the discovery of this bacteria in food sources and in clinical environments is disturbing. Here, we report the isolation and identification of E. gallinarum from the wound of a hospital in-patient. The isolate was identified using 16S rDNA sequencing. Isolate 146 harboured the vanA and vanC1 gene clusters, was vancomycin-susceptible, and displayed resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, erythromycin and teicoplanin. This isolate also showed intermediate resistance to linezolid and sequencing of the 23S rRNA peptidyl transferase region did not unveil any known mutations associated to the conferment of linezolid resistance. The presence of vanA did not confer resistance to vancomycin. Structural analyses into the Tn1546 transposon carrying the vanA gene revealed distinct genetic variations in the vanS, vanY and vanS-vanH intergenic region that could be associated to the atypical antibiotic resistance phenotypes of isolate 146. Finding from this study are suggestive of the occurrence of interspecies horizontal gene transfer and that similarities in genotypic characteristic may not necessarily correlate with actual antibiotic resistance pattern of E. gallinarum. | 2016 | 33579083 |
| 5951 | 15 | 0.9985 | A novel plasmid from Aerococcus urinaeequi of porcine origin co-harboring the tetracycline resistance genes tet(58) and tet(61). Tetracyclines are the broad-spectrum agents used in veterinary medicine and food animal production. Known mechanisms of tetracycline resistance include ribosome protection, active efflux and enzymatic inactivation. However, the presence of two different tet genes conferring different resistance mechanisms on the same plasmid has rarely been reported. In this study, we identified the tandem tetracycline resistance genes tet(61)-tet(58) on the novel plasmid pT4303. These tet genes were identified for the first time in Aerococcus urinaeequi. Reduced susceptibility to doxycycline was observed in S. aureus RN4220 harboring tet(61) when an extra tet(58) was expressed. Plasmid pT4303 was electrotransformed into S. aureus RN4220, E. faecalis JH2-2, S. suis BAA and E. coli DH5α and conferred tetracycline resistance (MIC ≥ 16) in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, assuming that it might serve as a vehicle for the dissemination of the tetracycline resistance genes tet(61) and tet(58). | 2021 | 33866063 |
| 5848 | 16 | 0.9985 | Plasmid and chromosomal basis of tolerance to cadmium and resistance to antibiotics in normal bovine duodenal bacterial flora. Cadmium (Cd) tolerance and antibiotic resistance was studied in duodenal flora of 20 normal bovine samples. Twelve bacterial isolates (5 Staphylococcus spp, 4 Enterococcus faecalis, 2 Bacillus spp, and a Pseudomonas sp) were grown in Luria broth containing 0.05 to 0.8 mM of cadmium chloride (CdCl). All isolates displayed multiple antibiotic resistance, with 2 Enterococcus strains and Pseudomonas pickettii demonstrating resistance to 12/17 antibiotics tested. With the exception of Staphylococcus sp, all contained plasmid DNA. Curing to remove plasmid DNA determined if Cd tolerance and/or antibiotic resistance was plasmid or chromosomally mediated. None of the bacteria became sensitive to CdCl after curing, suggesting that tolerance was not plasmid-mediated. Six bacteria became sensitive to antibiotics after curing indicating that antibiotic2 resistance was plasmid mediated. Two of these bacteria became sensitive to multiple antibiotics; a Staphylococcus sp became sensitive to ampicillin, ceftiofur and cephalothin, and a Enterococcus strain became sensitive to neomycin, oxacillin, and tiamulin. All of the isolates were probed for the presence of known Cd-resistance genes (cadA, cadC, and cadD). DNA-DNA hybridization revealed cadA- and cadC-related sequences in chromosomal DNA of a Staphylococcus sp, an Enterococcus strain, and in plasmid DNA of another Staphylococcus sp. No cadD-related sequences were detected in any of the 12 isolates even under reduced stringency of hybridization. | 2001 | 11383651 |
| 2081 | 17 | 0.9985 | Distribution of the antiseptic-resistance gene qacE delta 1 in gram-positive bacteria. The distribution of the antiseptic-resistance genes qacE and qacE delta 1, originally isolated from Gram-negative bacteria, was studied in a large number of Gram-positive bacteria by a method that included the polymerase chain reaction. A total of 151 strains of Staphylococcus and Enterococcus, isolated from clinical sources and obtained from the Japanese Collection of Microorganisms, was used in this analysis. We found the qacE delta 1 gene in 36 of 103 strains of Staphylococcus and in nine of 48 strains of Enterococcus. All of the strains in which we detected the qacE delta 1 gene were clinical isolates. The qacE gene was not detected in any of the strains examined in this study. The nucleotide sequences of the qacE delta 1 genes from the strains of Staphylococcus and Enterococcus were identical to that of the gene located on integron InC in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These results indicate that the antiseptic-resistance gene qacE delta 1 is present in Gram-positive, as well as Gram-negative, bacteria. | 1998 | 9742702 |
| 2008 | 18 | 0.9985 | Genomic Epidemiology of Vibrio cholerae O139, Zhejiang Province, China, 1994-2018. Cholera caused by Vibrio cholerae O139 was first reported in Bangladesh and India in 1992. To determine the genomic epidemiology and origins of O139 in China, we sequenced 104 O139 isolates collected from Zhejiang Province, China, during 1994-2018 and compared them with 57 O139 genomes from other countries in Asia. Most Zhejiang isolates fell into 3 clusters (C1-C3), which probably originated in India (C1) and Thailand (C2 and C3) during the early 1990s. Different clusters harbored different antimicrobial resistance genes and IncA/C plasmids. The integrative and conjugative elements carried by Zhejiang isolates were of a new type, differing from ICEVchInd4 and SXT(MO10) by single-nucleotide polymorphisms and presence of genes. Quinolone resistance-conferring mutations S85L in parC and S83I in gyrA occurred in 71.2% of the Zhejiang isolates. The ctxB copy number differed among the 3 clusters. Our findings provided new insights for prevention and control of O139 cholera . | 2022 | 36285907 |
| 5844 | 19 | 0.9985 | Comparison of antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation and conjugative transfer of Staphylococcus and Enterococcus isolates from International Space Station and Antarctic Research Station Concordia. The International Space Station (ISS) and the Antarctic Research Station Concordia are confined and isolated habitats in extreme and hostile environments. The human and habitat microflora can alter due to the special environmental conditions resulting in microbial contamination and health risk for the crew. In this study, 29 isolates from the ISS and 55 from the Antarctic Research Station Concordia belonging to the genera Staphylococcus and Enterococcus were investigated. Resistance to one or more antibiotics was detected in 75.8 % of the ISS and in 43.6 % of the Concordia strains. The corresponding resistance genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction in 86 % of the resistant ISS strains and in 18.2 % of the resistant Concordia strains. Plasmids are present in 86.2 % of the ISS and in 78.2 % of the Concordia strains. Eight Enterococcus faecalis strains (ISS) harbor plasmids of about 130 kb. Relaxase and/or transfer genes encoded on plasmids from gram-positive bacteria like pIP501, pRE25, pSK41, pGO1 and pT181 were detected in 86.2 % of the ISS and in 52.7 % of the Concordia strains. Most pSK41-homologous transfer genes were detected in ISS isolates belonging to coagulase-negative staphylococci. We demonstrated through mating experiments that Staphylococcus haemolyticus F2 (ISS) and the Concordia strain Staphylococcus hominis subsp. hominis G2 can transfer resistance genes to E. faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Biofilm formation was observed in 83 % of the ISS and in 92.7 % of the Concordia strains. In conclusion, the ISS isolates were shown to encode more resistance genes and possess a higher gene transfer capacity due to the presence of three vir signature genes, virB1, virB4 and virD4 than the Concordia isolates. | 2013 | 23411852 |