# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 5522 | 0 | 1.0000 | Drug resistance and virulence-associated genes screening in Salmonella enterica isolated from Caspian pony, Iran. The most serious problem in public health is salmonellosis, a common disease in horse. The aim of this study was to investigate the shedding of Salmonella serotypes in healthy Caspian pony. We examined 143 pony's fecal samples collected from the north of Iran belonging to different ages and sexes. Samples were cultured, then identification of isolates were performed by common bacteriological methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR was also used to explore the presence of fimA and salmonella secreted effector L (SseL) genes as virulence factors in the isolates and all were assigned to antibiotic susceptibility test via disc diffusion method. Results showed two fecal samples (1.39%) contaminated with Salmonella and further examination demonstrated the isolates belonging to S. enterica serotype typhimurium. Both serotypes were isolated from female and ˂6 years of age group of ponies and we detected fimA and SseL genes in the isolates. Observing multiple drug resistance and virulence genes in isolates is of utmost importance from both clinical and public health perspectives. It is highly likely that we face instances of salmonellosis in animals or humans that lead to severe infections and fail to respond to treatment in future. This study revealed that the occurrence of Salmonella was low in ponies, however, regarding the presence of virulence factors with multidrug resistant trend in this zoonotic bacterium, establishment of good hygienic measurement to prevent the transmission of bacteria between animal and human is necessary. | 2024 | 39564468 |
| 5521 | 1 | 0.9998 | Presence of blaCTX-M antibiotic resistance gene in Lactobacillus spp. isolated from Hirschsprung diseased infants with stoma. INTRODUCTION: Although antibiotics have revolutionized health care by saving lives, the evolution of both pathogenic and commensal antibiotic-resistant bacteria are emerging as a threat in the health sector. As for Lactobacillus spp., it is usually a non-pathogenic bacteria. However, it can cause infection in immunocompromised condition. In this study, Lactobacillus spp. has been isolated from the faeces of infants with Hirschsprung disease (HD), which is congenital aganglionosis of intestine, where surgical approach and antibiotics are frequently used as medical intervention. The aim of this study is to assess the antibiotic resistance pattern and determine the presence of resistance genes, if any, in Lactobacillus spp. isolated from HD infants with ileostomy. METHODOLOGY: Six Lactobacillus spp. were isolated from faeces of six HD infants and confirmed using both conventional and molecular methods. Antibiotic resistance pattern was checked through disc diffusion method and was further investigated for the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaOXA-2, blaIMP, blaVIM-2, blaNDM-1 and mcr-1). RESULTS: Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates showed high level of resistance towards cephalosporins, oxacillin, aztreonam, meropenem and polymyxin group. However, four of the isolates showed the presence of blaCTX-M gene after PCR amplification. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report on the presence of antibiotic resistance gene blaCTX-M in Lactobacillus spp. and this presence may pose a serious threat in treatment regimen. As not much is known regarding the presence of blaCTX-M in Lactobacillus spp., this finding may provide new light to research on antibiotic resistance in gut microflora. | 2019 | 32053512 |
| 5688 | 2 | 0.9997 | Isolation and molecular identification of bacteria from sheep with eye infections. BACKGROUND: Ocular disease in sheep is a severe concern for the health and welfare of livestock animals, as well as losses of productivity and value to the livestock industry. AIM: This study aimed to isolate and characterize bacteria in sheep with eye disease on the molecular level. METHODS: One hundred fifty sheep with eye infections were treated, and tissue samples were taken for microbiological studies. We isolated bacteria from traditional cultures and discovered molecules by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of single bacterial genes. RESULTS: A total of 150 ocular samples were collected from sheep, with bacterial growth observed in 120 samples, resulting in an isolation rate of 80%. Staphylococcus aureus was the most bacteria isolated in this study, which PCR also confirmed. We found antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as S. aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pasteurella multocida. These results reveal that preventing sheep ocular infections requires the effective use of antibiotics. CONCLUSION: This study suggests the prevalence of bacterial infection in sheep eyes and argues the utility of molecular methods in veterinary diagnosis. Record levels of antibiotic resistance must be maintained in animal husbandry and the use of antibiotic stewardship programs. | 2024 | 39927373 |
| 1960 | 3 | 0.9997 | Phenotypic Investigation and Detection of Biofilm-Associated Genes in Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates, Obtained from Companion Animals. Bacteria of the genus Acinetobacter, especially Acinetobacter baumannii (Ab), have emerged as pathogens of companion animals during the last two decades and are commonly associated with hospitalization and multidrug resistance. A critical factor for the distribution of relevant strains in healthcare facilities, including veterinary facilities, is their adherence to both biotic and abiotic surfaces and the production of biofilms. A group of 41 A. baumannii isolates obtained from canine and feline clinical samples in Greece was subjected to phenotypic investigation of their ability to produce biofilms using the tissue culture plate (TCP) method. All of them (100%) produced biofilms, while 23 isolates (56.1%) were classified as strong producers, 11 (26.8%) as moderate producers, and 7 (17.1%) as weak producers. A correlation between the MDR and XDR phenotypes and weak or moderate biofilm production was identified. Moreover, the presence of four biofilm-associated genes bap, bla(PER), ompA, and csuE was examined by PCR, and they were detected in 100%, 65.9%, 97.6%, and 95.1% of the strains respectively. All isolates carried at least two of the investigated genes, whereas most of the strong biofilm producers carried all four genes. In conclusion, the spread and persistence of biofilm-producing Ab strains in veterinary facilities is a matter of concern, since they are regularly obtained from infected animals, indicating their potential as challenging pathogens for veterinarians due to multidrug resistance and tolerance in conventional eradication measures. Furthermore, considering that companion animals can act as reservoirs of relevant strains, public health concerns emerge. | 2024 | 38787042 |
| 5510 | 4 | 0.9997 | Investigating possible association between multidrug resistance and isolate origin with some virulence factors of Escherichia coli strains isolated from infant faeces and fresh green vegetables. AIMS: In this study, the association between multidrug resistance (MDR) and the expression of some virulence factors were evaluated in Escherichia coli strains isolated from infant faeces and fresh green vegetables. The effect of isolate origin on associated virulence factors was evaluated. In addition, genetic fingerprinting of a sample of these isolates (10 isolates from each group) was studied in order to detect any genetic relatedness among these isolates. METHODS AND RESULTS: Escherichia coli isolates were divided into four groups based on their origin (human faeces or plant) and their antibiotic resistance (multiresistance or susceptible). PCR was used to investigate heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxin genes, and four siderophore genes (aerobactin, enterobactin, salmochelin and yersiniabactin). Genetic fingerprinting of the isolates was performed using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR. Siderophore production was measured by a colorimetric method. Biofilm formation was evaluated by a crystal violet assay. The results of the study showed that the expression of MDR is not significantly associated with an increase in these virulence factors or with biofilm formation. However, the origin of isolates had a significant association with siderophore gene availability and consequently on the concentrations of siderophores released. Genetic fingerprinting indicated that human and plant isolates have the same clonal origin, suggesting their circulation among humans and plants. CONCLUSION: Antibiotic-susceptible strains of E. coli may be as virulent as MDR strains. Results also suggest that the environment can play a potential role in selection of strains with specific virulence factors. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Antibiotic-susceptible isolates of Escherichia coli from plant or human origin can be as virulent as the multidrug resistance (MDR) ones. Genetic relatedness was detected among the isolates of plant and human origin, indicating the circulation of these bacteria among human and plants. This could imply a potential role for environmental antimicrobial resistant bacteria in human infection. | 2019 | 31034123 |
| 5515 | 5 | 0.9997 | Wildlife Waterfowl as a Source of Pathogenic Campylobacter Strains. BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to determine whether free-living birds belonging to game species whose meat is used for human consumption can constitute a reservoir of pathogenic Campylobacter strains, spreading these bacteria to other hosts or directly contributing to human infection. METHODS: A total of 91 cloacal swabs were taken from different species of wildlife waterfowl to estimate the Campylobacter prevalence, the genetic diversity of the isolates, and the presence of virulence genes and to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance. RESULTS: The presence of Campylobacter spp. was confirmed in 32.9% of samples. Based on flaA-SVR sequencing, a total of 19 different alleles among the tested Campylobacter isolates were revealed. The virulence genes involved in adhesion were detected at high frequencies among Campylobacter isolates regardless of the host species. The highest resistance was observed for ciprofloxacin. The resistance rates to erythromycin and tetracycline were observed at the same level. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that wildlife waterfowl belonging to game species may constitute a reservoir of Campylobacter, spreading these bacteria to other hosts or directly contributing to human disease. The high distribution of virulence-associated genes among wildlife waterfowl Campylobacter isolates make them potentially able to induce infection in humans. | 2022 | 35215056 |
| 5520 | 6 | 0.9997 | Emergence of highly virulent and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in breeding sheep with pneumonia, Hainan Province, China. BACKGROUND: Sheep are a rarely raised livestock in Hainan Island, China, because of the unfavorable tropical marine climate. Here, this article reports a severe pneumonia in the sheep breeding and domestication facility caused acute mortality during the winter 2021-2022. METHODS: Six sheep were clinically dissected and histopathologically observed. The bacteria were isolated and cultured by traditional methods and identified by 16S rRNA sequencing. The genotypes, serotypes, virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes were analyzed by PCR and whole genome sequencing. The pubMLST website was used for phylogenetic analysis of related strains. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial susceptibility test. The antimicrobial susceptibility test standard was referred to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The virulence of bacteria was detected by mouse infection model. RESULTS: Etiology and histopathology examination of the pneumonia reveled pulmonary abscess and alveolar neutrophilia and pulmonary fibrinous exudates. Escherichia coli was the only bacterial species isolated, primarily from the lungs and blood of the six dead or moribund sheep, a total of 29 E. coli strains were isolated. Antimicrobial resistance profiling shows that all the isolates were resistant to six agents (penicillin, ampicillin, cephalothin, neomycin, erythromycin, and vancomycin) belonging to five classes of antibiotics, classifying them as multi drug resistant (MDR). Furthermore, genotyping analysis revealed all strains were common with 11-17 virulence factors indicating high pathogenicity. The lab mice infection model shows that all strains severely affect the health status particularly weight loss, lethargy, pneumonia and shortly lead to death. The molecular epidemiological analysis indicated most strains share the same genotype as previously reported strains in humans and other farmed animals this suggests a high possibility of cross-species transmission (CST) of virulent and MDR isolates. This CST could be from sheep to humans and other farmed animals or from humans and other farmed animals to sheep. CONCLUSION: Therefore, this study indicates that E. coli is an emerging threat that causes sheep pneumonia in Hainan, and the quarantine of contacts is important to control the spread of virulent E. coli and the transmission of acquired resistance genes between humans and farmed animals such as sheep. | 2024 | 39507338 |
| 5550 | 7 | 0.9997 | Prevalence, plasmids and antibiotic resistance correlation of enteric bacteria in different drinking water resources in sohag, egypt. BACKGROUND: One of the major health causing problems is contamination of drinking water sources with human pathogenic bacteria. Enteric bacteria such as Shigella, Salmonella and Escherichia coli are most enteric bacteria causing serious health problems. Occurrence of such bacteria infection, which may resist antibiotics, increases the seriousness of problem. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of some enteric bacteria (Shigella, Salmonella and E. coli) in addition to Pseudomonas. The antibiotic susceptibility of these bacteria was also tested, in addition to assessing plasmid(s) roles in supposed resistance. MRSA genes in non-staphylococci were clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Water samples were collected from different drinking sources (Nile, ground water) and treated tap water. Selective media were used to isolate enteric bacteria and Pseudomonas. These bacteria were identified, counted and examined for its susceptibility against 10 antibiotics. The plasmids were screened in these strains. MRSA genes were also examined using PCR. RESULTS: Thirty-two bacterial strains were isolated from Nile and ground water and identified as S. flexneri, S. sonnei, S. serovar Newport, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli strains according to standard methods. According to antibiotic susceptibility test, 81% of strains were resistant to Cefepime, whereas 93.75% were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin. Correlation analysis between plasmids profiles and antibiotics sensitivities showed that 50% of the total strains had plasmids. These strains showed resistance to 50% of the used antibiotics (as average value); whereas, the plasmids free strains (50%) were resistant to 48.7% of the antibiotics. No distinct correlation between plasmids and antibiotic resistance in some strains could be concluded in this study. No MRSA gene was detected among these non-staphylococci strains. No bacteria were isolated from treated tap water. CONCLUSIONS: Thirty-three bacterial strains; 10 strains of E. coli, 10 strains of S. flexneri, 3 strains S. sonnei, 2 strains of S. serovar Newport, and 7 strains of P. aeruginosa, were isolated and identified from Nile water and ground water in Sohag governorate. The prevalence of enteric bacteria in water sources in studying area was considerable. No clear or distinct correlation could be concluded between plasmids and antibiotic resistance. No MRSA gene was detected in these non-staphylococci strains, and no pathogenic bacteria were isolated from treated tap water. The hygiene procedures in the studying area seem to be adequate, despite the failure to maintain water sources form sewage pollution. | 2015 | 25763135 |
| 5599 | 8 | 0.9997 | Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Staphylococcus spp. contaminating raw goat milk. BACKGROUND AND AIM: Antimicrobial resistance poses a major threat to global public health. Foodstuff of animal origin can serve as potential vehicles for the dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and resistance genes to consumers. In view of the lack of knowledge about antimicrobial resistance in bacteria associated with goat milk, the aim of this study was to report species-level identification and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of a large collection of Staphylococcus spp. isolates recovered from raw goat milk in Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 434 Staphylococcus spp. isolates originated from 510 goat milk samples in Northeast Brazil were investigated. The isolates were obtained by conventional microbiological methods. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed by means of a semi-automated system using a panel for biochemical tests and broth microdilution method for 19 antimicrobial drugs. RESULTS: Although Staphylococcus aureus (22.6%) accounted for the majority of the isolates, a total of 13 different non-aureus staphylococci spp. were identified. High resistance rates against erythromycin (40.8%), and the beta-lactams ampicillin (45.9%) and penicillin (42.9%) were observed among S. aureus isolates. The most significant findings were related to the resistance against quinupristin-dalfopristin, a drug of last resort used in human medicine to treat infections caused by vancomycin-resistant S. aureus and enterococci. CONCLUSION: The high diversity of Staphylococcus spp. showing phenotypic resistance against different antimicrobial drugs encourages further investigations on the real impact of these bacteria as reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance genes to consumers. Furthermore, the potential impact of technological processes, such as pasteurization, fermentation, and maturation, on the maintenance and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance among the microbial populations in milk and dairy products must also be investigated. | 2021 | 34220106 |
| 2534 | 9 | 0.9997 | Prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and virulence gene profile of Escherichia coli strains shared between food and other sources in Africa: A systematic review. BACKGROUND AND AIM: Foodborne diseases caused by Escherichia coli are prevalent globally. Treatment is challenging due to antibiotic resistance in bacteria, except for foodborne infections due to Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, for which treatment is symptomatic. Several studies have been conducted in Africa on antibiotic resistance of E. coli isolated from several sources. The prevalence and distribution of resistant pathogenic E. coli isolated from food, human, and animal sources and environmental samples and their virulence gene profiles were systematically reviewed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bibliographic searches were performed using four databases. Research articles published between 2000 and 2022 on antibiotic susceptibility and virulence gene profile of E. coli isolated from food and other sources were selected. RESULTS: In total, 64 articles were selected from 14 African countries: 45% of the studies were conducted on food, 34% on animal samples, 21% on human disease surveillance, and 13% on environmental samples. According to these studies, E. coli is resistant to ~50 antimicrobial agents, multidrug-resistant, and can transmit at least 37 types of virulence genes. Polymerase chain reaction was used to characterize E. coli and determine virulence genes. CONCLUSION: A significant variation in epidemiological data was noticed within countries, authors, and sources (settings). These results can be used as an updated database for monitoring E. coli resistance in Africa. More studies using state-of-the-art equipment are needed to determine all resistance and virulence genes in pathogenic E. coli isolated in Africa. | 2023 | 38023276 |
| 5519 | 10 | 0.9997 | Antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence potential and sequence types associated with Arcobacter strains recovered from human faeces. PURPOSE: The genus Arcobacter includes bacteria that are considered emergent pathogens because they can produce infections in humans and animals. The most common symptoms are bloody and non-bloody persistent diarrhea but cases with abdominal cramps without diarrhea or asymptomatic cases have also been described as well as cases with bacteremia. The objective was to characterize Arcobacter clinical strains isolated from the faeces of patients from three Spanish hospitals. METHODOLOGY: We have characterized 28 clinical strains (27 of A. butzleri and one of A. cryaerophilus) isolated from faeces, analysing their epidemiological relationship using the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) approach and screening them for their antibiotic susceptibility and for the presence of virulence genes.Results/Key findings. Typing results showed that only one of the 28 identified sequence types (i.e. ST 2) was already present in the MLST database. The other 27 STs constituted new records because they included new alleles for five of the seven genes or new combinations of known alleles of the seven genes. All strains were positive for the ciaB virulence gene and sensitive to tetracycline. However, 7.4 % of the A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus strains showed resistance to ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSION: The fact that epidemiological unrelated strains show the same ST indicates that other techniques with higher resolution should be developed to effectively recognize the infection source. Resistance to ciprofloxacin, one of the antibiotics recommended for the treatment of Arcobacter intestinal infections, demonstrated in 10.7 % of the strains, indicates the importance of selecting the most appropriate effective treatment. | 2017 | 29120301 |
| 1935 | 11 | 0.9997 | Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile and Tetracycline Resistance Genes Detection in Salmonella spp. Strains Isolated from Animals and Food. Salmonella spp. is among the leading causes of foodborne infections in humans and a large number of animals. Salmonella spp. is a pathogen involved in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance because it can accumulate antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this study, the antibiotic resistance profile to 15 antibiotics, belonging to six different classes, of 60 strains of Salmonella spp. collected from pets, farm animals, wildlife, and food in Sicily (Italy) was investigated by the Kirby-Bauer method. Given that almost 33.3% of the Salmonella spp. strains were resistant to tetracycline, Real-Time PCR analysis was applied on all the 60 strains to detect the presence of eight selected tet resistance genes. Besides, the presence of the int1 gene, related to the horizontal gene transfer among bacteria, was also investigated in all the strains by Real-Time PCR analysis. Our data showed that 56% of the isolated strains harbored one or more tet resistance genes and that these strains were most frequently isolated from animals living in close contact with humans. Concerning int1, 17 strains (28.3%) harbored this genetic element and eight of these simultaneously contained tet genes. The results of this study highlight the importance of using a molecular approach to detect resistance genetic determinants, whose spread can increase the diffusion of multidrug-resistant strains. Besides, the study of zoonotic bacteria such as Salmonella spp. which significantly contribute to ARGs dissemination should always follow a One Health approach that considers the health of humans, animals, and the environment to be closely related. | 2021 | 34356729 |
| 5680 | 12 | 0.9997 | Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Genetic Characterization and Spread in Lithuania in 2014, 2016, and 2018. Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents plays an important role in the treatment of bacterial infections in healthcare institutions. The spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria can occur during inter- and intra-hospital transmissions among patients and hospital personnel. For this reason, more studies must be conducted to understand how resistance occurs in bacteria and how it moves between hospitals by comparing data from different years and looking out for any patterns that might emerge. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter spp. was studied at 14 healthcare institutions in Lithuania during 2014, 2016, and 2018 using samples from human bloodstream infections. In total, 194 isolates were collected and identified using MALDI-TOF and VITEK2 analyzers as Acinetobacter baumannii group bacteria. After that, the isolates were analyzed for the presence of different resistance genes (20 genes were analyzed) and characterized by using the Rep-PCR and MLVA (multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis) genotyping methods. The results of the study showed the relatedness of the different Acinetobacter spp. isolates and a possible circulation of resistance genes or profiles during the different years of the study. This study provides essential information, such as variability and diversity of resistance genes, genetic profiling, and clustering of isolates, to better understand the antimicrobial resistance patterns of Acinetobacter spp. These results can be used to strengthen the control of multidrug-resistant infections in healthcare institutions and to prevent potential outbreaks of this pathogen in the future. | 2021 | 33669401 |
| 5548 | 13 | 0.9997 | Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance Among the Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Bacteria Isolated on XLD Agar from the Poultry Fecal Samples. Poultry products remain as one of the most popular and extensively consumed foods in the world and the introduction of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) producing antibiotic resistant bacterial species into it is an emerging challenge. The current study has been designed to analyze the distribution of antibiotic resistance among the H(2)S producing bacteria isolated from the fecal samples of chickens from different poultry farms. Here, twenty bacterial isolates were selected based on their ability to produce H(2)S on XLD agar, and the16S rDNA sequencing was carried out for their molecular identification. The results showed the isolates as belong to Salmonella spp. and Citrobacter spp. and in the antibiotic susceptibility test (AST), three of the Salmonella strains were found to be resistant to antibiotics such as tetracycline, doxycycline, nalidixic acid, and amikacin. Also, fourteen Citrobacter strains showed resistance towards azithromycin, and furthermore, eleven of them were also resistant to streptomycin. Resistance towards tetracycline was observed among five of the Citrobacter strains, and seven were resistant to doxycycline. Further molecular screening by the PCR has showed three of the Salmonella strains along with eight Citrobacter isolates to have tetA gene along with four of the Citrobacter strains to have co-harbored bla(TEM) gene. The results on biofilm formation have also demonstrated three Salmonella strains along with nine Citrobacter strains to have the ability to form moderate biofilm. The study thus describes the occurrence of H(2)S producing multidrug-resistant bacteria in poultry feces, which might contribute towards the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes to other microorganisms including human pathogens with likely risk to treat disease conditions. | 2024 | 37540287 |
| 1961 | 14 | 0.9997 | Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance of Canine Otitis Pathogens in the Iberian Peninsula (2010-2021). Background: The close relationship between humans and petsraises health concerns due to the potential transmission of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria and genes. Bacterial otitis is an emerging health problem in dogs, given its widespread prevalence and impact on animal welfare. Early detection of resistance is vital in veterinary medicine to anticipate future treatment challenges. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of AMR bacteria involved in 12,498 cases of otitis in dogs from the Iberian Peninsula and the evolution of AMR patterns over an 11-year period. Methods: Data was provided by the Veterinary Medicine Department of a large private diagnostic laboratory in Barcelona. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the standard disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing. Results: The frequency of the principal bacterial agents was 35% Staphylococcus spp. (principally S. pseudointermedius), 20% Pseudomonas spp. (P. aeruginosa), 13% Streptococcus spp. (S. canis), and 11% Enterobacterales (Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed P. aeruginosa (among Gram-negatives) and Enterococcus faecalis (among Gram-positives) as the species with the highest AMR to multiple antimicrobial classes throughout the years. According to the frequency and time evolution of multidrug resistance (MDR), Gram-negative bacteria like P. mirabilis (33%) and E. coli (25%) presented higher MDR rates compared to Gram-positive strains like Corynebacterium (7%) and Enterococcus (5%). The AMR evolution also showed an increase in resistance patterns in Proteus spp. to doxycycline and Streptococcus spp. to amikacin. Conclusions: This information can be useful for clinicians, particularly in this region, to make rational antimicrobial use decisions, especially when empirical treatment is common in companion animal veterinary medicine. In summary, improving treatment guidelines is a key strategy for safeguarding both animal and human health, reinforcing the One Health approach. | 2025 | 40298475 |
| 5513 | 15 | 0.9997 | The genetic background of antibiotic resistance among clinical uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains. The spreading mechanisms of antibiotic resistance are related to many bacterial and environment factors. The overuse of antibiotics is leading to an unceasing emergence of new multidrug resistant strains. This problem also concerns uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains, which is the most common pathogen causing urinary tract infections. The aim of this study was the genetic analysis of antibiotic resistance in comparison to the phenotypic background of E. coli strains. The characterized collection of E. coli strains isolated 10 years ago from the urine samples of patients with urinary tract infections was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (the disc diffusion method) and analysis of antibiotic resistance genes (PCR reaction, sequencing). Additionally, the presence of ESBL strains was analyzed. Fourteen genes were associated with resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides and quinolones. The genetic analysis revealed that bla(TEM-1) and sul2 were present in almost all of the studied strains. Other drug-resistance genes were very rare or non-existent. Otherwise, the phenotypic resistance to fluoroquinolones was well correlated with the genotypic background of the studied bacteria. The presence of particular genes and specific mutations indicate a high bacterial potential to multidrug resistance. On the other hand, it needs to be emphasized that the standard disk diffusion test for the routine antimicrobial susceptibility analysis is still the best way to estimate the current situation of bacterial drug-resistance. | 2018 | 30008141 |
| 5509 | 16 | 0.9997 | Exploring Virulence Characteristics of Clinical Escherichia coli Isolates from Greece. The aim of this study was to examine the genetic characteristics that could be associated with the virulence characteristics of Escherichia coli collected from clinical samples. A collection of 100 non-repetitive E. coli isolates was analyzed. All isolates were typed by MLST. String production, biofilm formation and serum resistance were examined for all isolates. Twenty E. coli isolates were completely sequenced Illumina platform. The results showed that the majority of E. coli isolates (87%) produced significant levels of biofilm, while none of the isolates were positive for string test and resistance to serum. Additionally, the presence of CRISPR/Cas systems (type I-E or I-F) was found in 18% of the isolates. Analysis of WGS data found that all sequenced isolates harbored a variety of virulence genes that could be implicated in adherence, invasion, iron uptake. Also, WGS data confirmed the presence of a wide variety of resistance genes, including ESBL- and carbapenemase-encoding genes. In conclusion, an important percentage (87%) of the E. coli isolates had a significant ability to form biofilm. Biofilms, due to their heterogeneous nature and ability to make microorganisms tolerant to multiple antimicrobials, complicate treatment strategies. Thus, in combination with the presence of multidrug resistance, expression of virulence factors could challenge antimicrobial therapy of infections caused by such bacteria. | 2025 | 40731998 |
| 5564 | 17 | 0.9997 | Epidemiology of the colonization and acquisition of methicillin-resistant staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant enterococci in dogs hospitalized in a clinic veterinary hospital in Spain. Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to human and animal health. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRS) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE) are of increasing importance in hospital and/or nosocomial infections and represent a potential risk of transmission to humans from infected or colonized companion animals. Studies on the risk factors associated with colonization by multiresistant bacteria in animals are scarce. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence and incidence of MRS and VRE in canine patients hospitalized in a veterinary hospital and to identify the risk factors for its acquisition and persistence. Nasal and perianal swabs were obtained from 72 dogs. Antimicrobial susceptibility assays and molecular detection of mecA and van genes were performed. A prevalence of 13.9% and incidence of 26.5% was observed in dogs colonized by MRS at hospital admission and release, respectively, higher values than those described in most veterinary studies. Thirty-five Staphylococcus isolates had mecA gene and showed higher resistance levels to most of the antimicrobials evaluated. Previous and concomitant use of antibiotics and corticosteroids has been associated with an increase in MRS colonization. The use of antibiotics in other animals living with the canine patients has also been identified as an associated factor, suggesting cross transmission. The presence of van-resistant genes from Enterococcus spp. was not detected. Pets should be considered possible vehicles of transmission and reservoirs for MRS bacteria and veterinary hospitals should be considered high-risk environments for the occurrence and spread of nosocomial infections and resistant bacteria. | 2020 | 32535110 |
| 5516 | 18 | 0.9997 | Listeria monocytogenes isolates from food and food environment harbouring tetM and ermB resistance genes. Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that has become an important cause of human and animal diseases worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the serotypes, virulence potential, antimicrobial resistance profile, and genetic relationships of 50 L. monocytogenes isolates from food and food environment in southern Brazil. In this study, the majority of L. monocytogenes isolates belonged to the serotypes 1/2b (42%) and 4b (26%), which are the main serotypes associated with human listeriosis. In addition, all isolates harboured internalin genes (inlA, inlC, inlJ), indicating a virulence potential. The isolates were sensitive to most of the antimicrobial compounds analysed, and five isolates (10%) were multi-resistant. Two isolates harboured antimicrobial resistance genes (tetM and ermB) and in one of them, the gene was present in the plasmid. Moreover, according to the pulsed field gel electrophoresis assay, two multi-resistant isolates were a single clone isolated from food and the processing plant. The isolates were susceptible to the most frequently used antibiotics for listeriosis treatment. However, the presence of multidrug-resistant isolates and antimicrobial resistance genes including in the plasmid could even be transferred between bacterial species, suggesting a potential health risk to consumers and a potential risk of spreading multi-resistance genes to other bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Listeria monocytogenes is an important agent of foodborne diseases. The results of this study suggest a potential capacity of L. monocytogenes isolates from food and food environment to cause human infections. Antimicrobial multi-resistance profiles were detected in 10%, and two isolates harboured tetM and ermB resistance genes. Moreover, the present research can help to build up a better knowledge about antimicrobial resistance of L. monocytogenes. Additionally, we found one isolate carrying tetM resistance gene in a plasmid, that suggests a possible transmission between commensal and/or other pathogenic bacteria of food environment, thereby raising up concerns regarding bacterial resistance. | 2016 | 26518475 |
| 5567 | 19 | 0.9997 | Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors among Escherichia coli Isolated from Conventional and Free-Range Poultry. Microbiological contamination in commercial poultry production has caused concerns for human health because of both the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and the increase in antimicrobial resistance in bacterial strains that can cause treatment failure of human infections. The aim of our study was to analyze the profile of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors of E. coli isolates from chicken carcasses obtained from different farming systems (conventional and free-range poultry). A total of 156 E. coli strains were isolated and characterized for genes encoding virulence factors described in extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for 15 antimicrobials, and strains were confirmed as extended spectrum of β-lactamases- (ESBLs-) producing E. coli by phenotypic and genotypic tests. The results indicated that strains from free-range poultry have fewer virulence factors than strains from conventional poultry. Strains from conventionally raised chickens had a higher frequency of antimicrobial resistance for all antibiotics tested and also exhibited genes encoding ESBL and AmpC, unlike free-range poultry isolates, which did not. Group 2 CTX-M and CIT were the most prevalent ESBL and AmpC genes, respectively. The farming systems of poultries can be related with the frequency of virulence factors and resistance to antimicrobials in bacteria. | 2015 | 26579536 |