# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 4741 | 0 | 1.0000 | Detection of antimicrobial resistance-associated proteins by titanium dioxide-facilitated intact bacteria mass spectrometry. Titanium dioxide-modified target plates were developed to enhance intact bacteria analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The plates were designed to photocatalytically destroy the bacterial envelope structure and improve the ionization efficiency of intracellular components, thereby promoting the measurable mass range and the achievable detection sensitivity. Accordingly, a method for rapid detection of antimicrobial resistance-associated proteins, conferring bacterial resistance against antimicrobial drugs, was established by mass spectrometric fingerprinting of intact bacteria without the need for any sample pre-treatment. With this method, the variations in resistance proteins' expression levels within bacteria were quickly measured from the relative peak intensities. This approach of resistance protein detection directly from intact bacteria by mass spectrometry is useful for fast discrimination of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria from their non-resistant counterparts whilst performing species identification. Also, it could be used as a rapid and convenient way for initial determination of the underlying resistance mechanisms. | 2018 | 29719694 |
| 4738 | 1 | 0.9998 | Detection and evaluation of susceptibility to antibiotics in non-hydrogen sulfide-producing antibiotic-resistant soil microbe: Pseudomonas guariconensis. Antimicrobial resistance in bacteria is a global threat that can make antibacterial treatments ineffective. One well-known method of antibiotic resistance and a common defensive mechanism in many harmful bacteria is the synthesis of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) in bacteria. In this study, soil bacteria were screened using the lead acetate agar test and the triple sugar iron test to determine that they were non-endogenous H(2)S producers. This was further validated by full genome analysis of the identified organism against the gene sequences of H(2)S-producing genes. Antibacterial resistance of the bacteria was phenotypically analyzed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Then, the effect of exogenous H(2)S on the antibiotic-resistant bacteria was checked in sodium sulfide, leading to antibiotic re-sensitization. | 2025 | 38767682 |
| 5080 | 2 | 0.9998 | Rapid screening for antibiotic resistance elements on the RNA transcript, protein and enzymatic activity level. BACKGROUND: The emerging threat posed by antibiotic resistance has affected public health systems all over the world. Surveillance of resistant bacteria in clinical settings and identifying them in mixed cultures is of paramount importance and can contribute to the control of their spreading. Culture-independent monitoring approaches are highly desirable, since they yield results much faster than traditional susceptibility testing. However, many rapid molecular methods like PCR only detect the sole presence of a potential resistance gene, do not provide information regarding efficient transcription, expression and functionality and, in addition, cannot assign resistance genes to species level in mixed cultures. METHODS: By using plasmid-encoded TEM β-lactamase mediated ampicillin resistances as a proof of principle system, we (1) developed a fluorescence in situ hybridization-test (FISH) capable to detect the respective mRNAs, (2) implemented an immunofluorescence test to identify the corresponding proteins and (3) compared these two microscopic tests with an established colorimetric nitrocefin assay to assess the enzymatic activity. RESULTS: All three methods proved to be suitable for the testing of antibiotic resistance, but only FISH and immunofluorescence were able to differentiate between susceptible and resistant bacteria on the single cell level and can be combined with simultaneous species identification. CONCLUSIONS: Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence tests are promising techniques in susceptibility testing since they bridge the gap between the slow, but accurate and sound cultural methods and molecular detection methods like PCR with much less functional relevance. | 2016 | 27663856 |
| 4740 | 3 | 0.9997 | Resensitization of Multi Drug-Resistant Aeromonas caviae with Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Potentiated Antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health threat caused by the widespread overuse of antibiotics. Bacteria with antibiotic resistance may acquire resistance genes from soil or water. Endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) production in bacteria confers antibiotic tolerance in many, suggesting a universal defense mechanism against antibiotics. In this study, we isolated and identified soil-based antibiotic-resistant bacteria collected from contaminated areas. An antibiotic-resistant bacterium was identified as non-endogenous-H(2)S-producing, allowing us to examine the effect of exogenous H(2)S on its resistance mechanism. Therefore, we demonstrated that different classes of antibiotic resistance can be reverted by employing H(2)S with antibiotics like ampicillin and gentamicin. Methods like Kirby-Bauer Disk-Diffusion, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Flow Cytometer analysis were performed to assess the antibacterial activity of H(2)S with ampicillin and gentamicin. The antioxidative efficiency of H(2)S was evaluated using the DCFH-DA (ROS) test, as well as lipid peroxidation, and LDH activity. These were further confirmed with enzymatic and non-enzymatic (SOD, CAT, GST, and GSH) antioxidant studies. These findings support H(2)S as an antibiotic-potentiator, causing bacterial membrane damage, oxidative stress, and disrupting DNA and proteins. Thus, supplying exogenous H(2)S can be a good agent for the reversal of Antibiotic resistance. | 2024 | 39579197 |
| 5079 | 4 | 0.9997 | Development of a Rapid, Culture-Free, Universal Microbial Identification System Using Internal Transcribed Spacer Targeting Primers. The indiscriminate administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics is a primary contributor to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance. Unfortunately, culture, the gold standard for bacterial identification is a time intensive process. Due to this extended diagnostic period, broad-spectrum antibiotics are generally prescribed to prevent poor outcomes. To overcome the deficits of culture-based methods, we have developed a rapid universal bacterial identification system. The platform uses a unique universal polymerase chain reaction primer set that targets the internal transcribed spacer regions between conserved bacterial genes, creating a distinguishable amplicon signature for every bacterial species. Bioinformatic simulation demonstrates that nearly every bacteria in a set of 45 commonly isolated pathogenic species can be uniquely identified using this approach. We experimentally confirmed these predictions on a representative set of pathogenic bacterial species. We further showed that the system can determine the corresponding concentration of each pathogen. Finally, we validated performance in clinical urinary tract infection samples. | 2025 | 39503259 |
| 5075 | 5 | 0.9997 | Fast and Economic Microarray-Based Detection of Species-, Resistance-, and Virulence-Associated Genes in Clinical Strains of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE). Today, there is a continuous worldwide battle against antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and that includes vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). Methods that can adequately and quickly detect transmission chains in outbreaks are needed to trace and manage this problem fast and cost-effectively. In this study, DNA-microarray-based technology was developed for this purpose. It commenced with the bioinformatic design of specific oligonucleotide sequences to obtain amplification primers and hybridization probes. Microarrays were manufactured using these synthesized oligonucleotides. A highly parallel and stringent labeling and hybridization protocol was developed and employed using isolated genomic DNA from previously sequenced (referenced) clinical VRE strains for optimal sensitivity and specificity. Microarray results showed the detection of virulence, resistance, and species-specific genes in the VRE strains. Theoretical predictions of the microarray results were also derived from the sequences of the same VRE strain and were compared to array results while optimizing protocols until the microarray result and theoretical predictions were a match. The study concludes that DNA microarray technology can be used to quickly, accurately, and economically detect specifically and massively parallel target genes in enterococci. | 2024 | 39409516 |
| 4648 | 6 | 0.9997 | Potential of phage cocktails in the inactivation of Enterobacter cloacae--An in vitro study in a buffer solution and in urine samples. The objective of this study was to compare the dynamics of three previously isolated phages for Enterobacter cloacae in order to evaluate their ability to treat urinary tract infections (UTI). The phages genomes, survival, host range, were characterized, and the host-phage dynamics was determined in culture medium and urine samples. The presence of prophages in bacteria, host recovery and development of resistance to phage after treatment was also evaluated. The growth of the E. cloacae was inhibited by the three phages, resulting in a decrease of ≈3 log. The use of cocktails with two or three phages was significantly more effective (decrease of ≈4 log). In urine, the inactivation was still effective (≈2 log). Both phages were considered safe to inactivate the bacteria (no integrase and toxin codifying genes). Some bacteria remained viable in the presence of the phages, but their colonies were smaller than those of the non-treated control and were visible only after 5 days of incubation (visible after 24h in the control). A high bacterial inactivation efficiency with phage cocktails combined with the safety of the phages and their long periods of survival, even in urine samples, paves the way for depth studies, especially in vivo studies, to control urinary tract infection and to overcome the development of resistances by the nosocomial bacterium E. cloacae. | 2016 | 26541317 |
| 4739 | 7 | 0.9997 | Indirect resistance to several classes of antibiotics in cocultures with resistant bacteria expressing antibiotic-modifying or -degrading enzymes. OBJECTIVES: Indirect resistance (IR), the ability of an antibiotic-resistant population of bacteria to protect a susceptible population, has been previously observed for β-lactamase-producing bacteria and associated with antimicrobial treatment failures. Here, we determined whether other resistance determinants could cause IR in the presence of five other classes of antibiotics. METHODS: A test was designed to detect IR and 14 antibiotic resistance genes were tested in the presence of 13 antibiotics from six classes. A bioassay was used to measure the ability of resistance-causing enzymes to decrease the concentration of active antibiotics in the medium. RESULTS: We confirmed IR in the presence of β-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin and mecillinam) when TEM-1A was expressed. We found that bacteria expressing antibiotic-modifying or -degrading enzymes Ere(A), Tet(X2) or CatA1 caused IR in the presence of macrolides (erythromycin and clarithromycin), tetracyclines (tetracycline and tigecycline) and chloramphenicol, respectively. IR was not observed with resistance determinants that did not modify or destroy antibiotics or with enzymes modifying aminoglycosides or degrading fosfomycin. IR was dependent on the resistance enzymes decreasing the concentration of active antibiotics in the medium, hence allowing nearby susceptible bacteria to resume growth once the antibiotic concentration fell below their MIC. CONCLUSIONS: IR was not limited to β-lactamase-producing bacteria, but was also caused by resistant bacteria carrying cytoplasmic antibiotic-modifying or -degrading enzymes that catalyse energy-consuming reactions requiring complex cellular cofactors. Our results suggest that IR is common and further emphasizes that coinfecting agents and the human microflora can have a negative impact during antimicrobial therapy. | 2016 | 26467993 |
| 4732 | 8 | 0.9997 | A Comparison of Antibiotics' Resistance Patterns of E. coli and B. subtilis in their Biofilms and Planktonic Forms. BACKGROUND: A biofilm refers to a community of microbial cells that adhere to surfaces that are surrounded by an extracellular polymeric substance. Bacteria employ various defence mechanisms, including biofilm formation, to enhance their survival and resistance against antibiotics. OBJECTIVE: The current study aims to investigate the resistance patterns of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) in both biofilms and their planktonic forms. METHODS: E. coli and B. subtilis were used to compare resistance patterns in biofilms versus planktonic forms of bacteria. An antibiotic disc diffusion test was performed to check the resistance pattern of biofilm and planktonic bacteria against different antibiotics such as penicillin G, streptomycin, and ampicillin. Biofilm formation and its validation were done by using quantitative (microtiter plate assay) and qualitative analysis (Congo red agar media). RESULTS: A study of surface-association curves of E. coli and B. subtilis revealed that surface adhesion in biofilms was continuously constant as compared to their planktonic forms, thereby confirming the increased survival of bacteria in biofilms. Also, biofilms have shown high resistance towards the penicillin G, ampicillin and streptomycin as compared to their planktonic form. CONCLUSION: It is safely inferred that E. coli and B. subtilis, in their biofilms, become increasingly resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin and streptomycin. | 2025 | 39092644 |
| 9768 | 9 | 0.9997 | Inosine monophosphate overcomes the coexisting resistance of mcr-1 and bla(NDM-1) in Escherichia coli. INTRODUCTION: The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly those harboring mcr-1 and bla(NDM-1), threatens public health by reducing the efficacy of colistin and carbapenems. Recently, the co-spread of mcr-1 and bla(NDM-1) has been reported, and the emergence of dual-resistant Enterobacteriaceae severely exacerbates antimicrobial resistance. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate the impact of mcr-1 and bla(NDM-1) expression on metabolism in Escherichia coli and to identify potential antimicrobial agents capable of overcoming the resistance conferred by these genes. METHODS: We employed non-targeted metabolomics to profile the metabolic perturbations of E. coli strains harboring mcr-1 and bla(NDM-1). The bactericidal effects of the differential metabolite, inosine monophosphate (IMP), were assessed both in vitro using time-killing assays and in vivo using a mouse infection model. The antimicrobial mechanism of IMP was elucidated through transcriptomic analysis and biochemical approaches. RESULTS: Metabolic profiling revealed significant alterations in the purine pathway, with IMP demonstrating potent bactericidal activity against E. coli strains carrying both resistance genes. IMP increased membrane permeability, disrupted proton motive force, reduced ATP levels, induced oxidative damage by promoting reactive oxygen species and inhibiting bacterial antioxidant defenses, and improved the survival rate of infected mice. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that IMP could be a promising candidate for combating mcr-1 and bla(NDM-1)-mediated resistance and provide a novel approach for discovering antimicrobial agents against colistin- and carbapenem-resistant bacteria. | 2025 | 40139526 |
| 3806 | 10 | 0.9997 | Bioinformatic analysis reveals the association between bacterial morphology and antibiotic resistance using light microscopy with deep learning. Although it is well known that the morphology of Gram-negative rods changes on exposure to antibiotics, the morphology of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the absence of antibiotics has not been widely investigated. Here, we studied the morphologies of 10 antibiotic-resistant strains of Escherichia coli and used bioinformatics tools to classify the resistant cells under light microscopy in the absence of antibiotics. The antibiotic-resistant strains showed differences in morphology from the sensitive parental strain, and the differences were most prominent in the quinolone-and β-lactam-resistant bacteria. A cluster analysis revealed increased proportions of fatter or shorter cells in the antibiotic-resistant strains. A correlation analysis of morphological features and gene expression suggested that genes related to energy metabolism and antibiotic resistance were highly correlated with the morphological characteristics of the resistant strains. Our newly proposed deep learning method for single-cell classification achieved a high level of performance in classifying quinolone-and β-lactam-resistant strains. | 2024 | 39364166 |
| 4647 | 11 | 0.9996 | Development of Antibiotic Resistance during Simulated Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Chemostats. During treatment of infections with antibiotics in critically ill patients in the intensive care resistance often develops. This study aims to establish whether under those conditions this resistance can develop de novo or that genetic exchange between bacteria is by necessity involved. Chemostat cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were exposed to treatment regimes with ceftazidime and meropenem that simulated conditions expected in patient plasma. Development of antibiotic resistance was monitored and mutations in resistance genes were searched for by sequencing PCR products. Even at the highest concentrations that can be expected in patients, sufficient bacteria survived in clumps of filamentous cells to recover and grow out after 3 to 5 days. At the end of a 7 days simulated treatment, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) had increased by a factor between 10 and 10,000 depending on the antibiotic and the treatment protocol. The fitness costs of resistance were minimal. In the resistant strains, only three mutations were observed in genes associated with beta-lactam resistance. The development of resistance often observed during patient treatment can be explained by de novo acquisition of resistance and genetic exchange of resistance genes is not by necessity involved. As far as conclusions based on an in vitro study using P. aeruginosa and only two antibiotics can be generalized, it seems that development of resistance can be minimized by treating with antibiotics in the highest concentration the patient can endure for the shortest time needed to eliminate the infection. | 2016 | 26872140 |
| 4786 | 12 | 0.9996 | Novel Antimicrobial Target in Acinetobacter Baumannii. BACKGROUND: Resistance to multiple drugs is one of the biggest challenges in managing infectious diseases. Acinetobacter baumannii is considered a nosocomial infection. According to the multiple roles of the toxin-antitoxin system, this system can be considered an antimicrobial target in the presence of bacteria. With the impact on bacterial toxin, it can be used as a new antibacterial target. The purpose of this study was to determine the mazEF genes as a potent antimicrobial target in A. baumannii clinical isolates. METHODS: The functionality of mazEF genes was evaluated by qPCR in fifteen A. baumannii clinical isolates. Then, the mazE locus was targeted by peptide nucleic acid (PNA). RESULTS: The results showed a significant difference in the mean number of copies of mazF gene in normal and stress conditions. Also, we found that at a concentration of 15 µM of PNA the bacteria were killed and confirmed by culture on LB agar. CONCLUSIONS: This research is the first step in introducing mazEF TA loci as a sensitive target in A. baumannii. However, more studies are needed to test the effectiveness in vivo. In addition, the occurrence and potential for activation of the TA system, mazEF in other pathogenic bacteria should be further investigated. | 2022 | 35536074 |
| 4737 | 13 | 0.9996 | Unprecedented Silver Resistance in Clinically Isolated Enterobacteriaceae: Major Implications for Burn and Wound Management. Increased utilization of inorganic silver as an adjunctive to many medical devices has raised concerns of emergent silver resistance in clinical bacteria. Although the molecular basis for silver resistance has been previously characterized, to date, significant phenotypic expression of these genes in clinical settings is yet to be observed. Here, we identified the first strains of clinical bacteria expressing silver resistance at a level that could significantly impact wound care and the use of silver-based dressings. Screening of 859 clinical isolates confirmed 31 harbored at least 1 silver resistance gene. Despite the presence of these genes, MIC testing revealed most of the bacteria displayed little or no increase in resistance to ionic silver (200 to 300 μM Ag(+)). However, 2 isolates (Klebsiella pneumonia and Enterobacter cloacae) were capable of robust growth at exceedingly high silver concentrations, with MIC values reaching 5,500 μM Ag(+). DNA sequencing of these two strains revealed the presence of genes homologous to known genetic determinants of heavy metal resistance. Darkening of the bacteria's pigment was observed after exposure to high silver concentrations. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the presence of silver nanoparticles embedded in the extracellular polymeric substance of both isolates. This finding suggested that the isolates may neutralize ionic silver via reduction to elemental silver. Antimicrobial testing revealed both organisms to be completely resistant to many commercially available silver-impregnated burn and wound dressings. Taken together, these findings provide the first evidence of clinical bacteria capable of expressing silver resistance at levels that could significantly impact wound management. | 2015 | 26014954 |
| 5841 | 14 | 0.9996 | Isolation and Characterization of a Bacteriophage with Potential for the Control of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Strains Encoding Virulence Factors Associated with the Promotion of Precancerous Lesions. BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial-resistant bacteria represent a serious threat to public health. Among these bacteria, Salmonella is of high priority because of its morbidity levels and its ability to induce different types of cancer. AIM: This study aimed to identify Salmonella strains encoding genes linked to the promotion of precancerous lesions and to isolate a bacteriophage to evaluate its preclinical potential against these bacteria. METHODOLOGY: An epidemiological approach based on wastewater analysis was employed to isolate Salmonella strains and detect genes associated with the induction of precancerous lesions. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed by the disk diffusion method. A bacteriophage was isolated via the double agar technique, and its morphological characteristics, stability, host range, replication dynamics, and ability to control Salmonella under different conditions were evaluated. The bacteriophage genome was sequenced and analyzed using bioinformatics tools. RESULTS: Thirty-seven Salmonella strains were isolated, seventeen of which contained the five genes associated with precancerous lesions' induction. These strains exhibited resistance to multiple antimicrobials, including fluoroquinolones. A bacteriophage from the Autographiviridae family with lytic activity against 21 bacterial strains was isolated. This phage exhibited a 20 min replication cycle, releasing 52 ± 3 virions per infected cell. It demonstrated stability and efficacy in reducing the Salmonella concentration in simulated gastrointestinal conditions, and its genome lacked genes that represent a biosafety risk. CONCLUSION: This bacteriophage shows promising preclinical potential as a biotherapeutic agent against Salmonella. | 2024 | 39599826 |
| 5977 | 15 | 0.9996 | Methods to determine antibiotic resistance gene silencing. The occurrence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is an increasingly serious problem world-wide. In addition, to phenotypically resistant bacteria, a threat may also be posed by isolates with silent, but intact, antibiotic resistance genes. Such isolates, which have recently been described, possess wild-type genes that are not expressed, but may convert to resistance by activating expression of the silent genes. They may therefore compromise the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment, particularly if their presence has not been diagnosed. This chapter describes the detection of silent resistance genes by PCR and DNA sequencing. A method to detect five potentially silent acquired resistance genes; aadA, bla (OXA-2), strAB, sul1, and tet(A) is described. First, the susceptibility of the isolates to the relevant antibiotics is determined by an appropriate susceptibility testing method, such as E-test. Then the presence of the genes is investigated by PCR followed by agarose gel electrophoresis of the amplification products. If a resistance gene is detected in a susceptible isolate, the entire open-reading frame and promoter sequence of the gene is amplified by PCR and their DNA sequences obtained. The DNA sequences are then compared to those of known resistant isolates, to detect mutations that may account for susceptibility. If no mutations are detected the expression of the gene is investigated by RT-PCR following RNA extraction. The methods described here can be applied to all acquired resistance genes for which sequence and normal expression data are available. | 2010 | 20401584 |
| 9942 | 16 | 0.9996 | Exploring the Potential of CRISPR-Cas9 Under Challenging Conditions: Facing High-Copy Plasmids and Counteracting Beta-Lactam Resistance in Clinical Strains of Enterobacteriaceae. The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) crisis urgently requires countermeasures for reducing the dissemination of plasmid-borne resistance genes. Of particular concern are opportunistic pathogens of Enterobacteriaceae. One innovative approach is the CRISPR-Cas9 system which has recently been used for plasmid curing in defined strains of Escherichia coli. Here we exploited this system further under challenging conditions: by targeting the bla (TEM-) (1) AMR gene located on a high-copy plasmid (i.e., 100-300 copies/cell) and by directly tackling bla (TEM-) (1)-positive clinical isolates. Upon CRISPR-Cas9 insertion into a model strain of E. coli harboring bla (TEM-) (1) on the plasmid pSB1A2, the plasmid number and, accordingly, the bla (TEM-) (1) gene expression decreased but did not become extinct in a subpopulation of CRISPR-Cas9 treated bacteria. Sequence alterations in bla (TEM-) (1) were observed, likely resulting in a dysfunction of the gene product. As a consequence, a full reversal to an antibiotic sensitive phenotype was achieved, despite plasmid maintenance. In a clinical isolate of E. coli, plasmid clearance and simultaneous re-sensitization to five beta-lactams was possible. Reusability of antibiotics could be confirmed by rescuing larvae of Galleria mellonella infected with CRISPR-Cas9-treated E. coli, as opposed to infection with the unmodified clinical isolate. The drug sensitivity levels could also be increased in a clinical isolate of Enterobacter hormaechei and to a lesser extent in Klebsiella variicola, both of which harbored additional resistance genes affecting beta-lactams. The data show that targeting drug resistance genes is encouraging even when facing high-copy plasmids. In clinical isolates, the simultaneous interference with multiple genes mediating overlapping drug resistance might be the clue for successful phenotype reversal. | 2020 | 32425894 |
| 4178 | 17 | 0.9996 | Efficacy and food safety considerations of poultry competitive exclusion products. Competitive exclusion (CE) products are anaerobic cultures of bacteria that are applied to poultry hatchlings to establish a protective enteric microbiota that excludes intestinal colonization by human food-borne pathogens. For safety of the poultry flock and human consumers, the identities of bacteria in CE products need to be known. A CE product is a culture of intestinal contents from adult chickens. It may be microbiologically defined by analysis of bacteria isolated from the culture, but many bacteria are hard to reliably isolate, identify, and characterize with conventional techniques. Sequence analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes may be more reliable than conventional techniques to identify CE bacteria. Bacteria in CE products may contain antimicrobial drug resistance and virulence mechanisms that could be transferred to the enteric bacteria of the food animal and to the human consumer. Detection methods for specific antimicrobial drug resistance and virulence genes and the integrase genes of conjugative transposons, mostly utilizing PCR technology, are being developed that can be applied to assess these risks in CE bacteria. With improvements in efficacy, bacterial identification, and detection and control of the possible risks of gene transfer, CE product technology can be made a more effective food safety tool. | 2006 | 17039457 |
| 5694 | 18 | 0.9996 | Multiplex characterization of human pathogens including species and antibiotic-resistance gene identification. The efficient medical treatment of infections requires detailed information about the pathogens involved and potential antibiotic-resistance mechanisms. The dramatically increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria especially highlights the importance of sophisticated diagnostic tests enabling a fast patient-customized therapy. However, the current molecular detection methods are limited to either the detection of species or only a few antibiotic-resistance genes.In this work, we present a human pathogen characterization assay using a rRNA gene microarray identifying 75 species comprising bacteria and fungi. A statistical classifier was developed to facilitate the automated species identification. Additionally, the clinically most important β-lactamases were identified simultaneously in a 100-plex reaction using padlock probes and the same microarray. The specificity and sensitivity of the combined assay was determined using clinical isolates. The detection limit was 10(5) c.f.u. ml(-1), recovering 89 % of the detectable β-lactamase-encoding genes specifically. The total assay time was less than 7 hand the modular character of the antibiotic-resistance detection allows the easy integration of further genetic targets. In summary, we present a fast, highly specific and sensitive multiplex pathogen characterization assay. | 2016 | 26489938 |
| 4829 | 19 | 0.9996 | Diversity of the mechanisms of resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. The sensitivity of a bacterium to beta-lactam antibiotics depends upon the interplay between 3 independent factors: the sensitivity of the essential penicillin-binding enzyme(s), the quantity and properties of the beta-lactamase(s) and the diffusion barrier that the outer-membrane of Gram-negative bacteria can represent. Those three factors can be modified by mutations or by the horizontal transfer of genes or portions of genes. | 1991 | 1961980 |