# | Rank | Similarity | Title + Abs. | Year | PMID |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| 4589 | 0 | 1.0000 | Rarity of tylosin resistance in human pathogenic bacteria. Of 3812 human cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Campylobacter species only 1.0 per cent were resistant to tylosin, an antibiotic used extensively in animals but not in man. There was no evidence for a significant animal source of these resistant cultures, a result which provides further evidence for the rarity of the flow of resistant organisms (or their genes) from animal sources to human beings. | 1988 | 3293307 |
| 3936 | 1 | 0.9997 | Impact of antibiotic use in the swine industry. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria associated with pigs not only affects pig production but also has an impact on human health through the transfer of resistant organisms and associated genes via the food chain. This can compromise treatment of human infections. In the past most attention was paid to glycopeptide and streptogramin resistance in enterococci, fluoroquinolone resistance in campylobacter and multi-drug resistance in Escherichia coli and salmonella. While these are still important the focus has shifted to ESBL producing organisms selected by the use of ceftiofur and cefquinome in pigs. In addition Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) suddenly emerged in 2007. We also need to consider multi-resistant strains of Streptococcus suis. Environmental contamination arising from piggery wastewater and spreading of manure slurry on pastures is also a growing problem. | 2014 | 24959754 |
| 3398 | 2 | 0.9997 | Ubiquity of R factor-mediated antibiotic resistance in the healthy population. An attempt was made to assess the occurrence of R factor-mediated antibiotic resistance in the healthy population. Samples of aerobic, gram-negative intestinal bacteria from men from various parts of the country at military conscription were analysed for transferable drug resistance. The obtained frequency, about 15% of R factor carriers in the studied group, was interpreted to reflect the existence of a reservoir of R factors, from which resistant, pathogenic bacteria could be selected under antibiotic therapy. Resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin and sulfonamides dominated among the identified R factor-borne resistance traits. | 1977 | 320655 |
| 4608 | 3 | 0.9997 | Presence of Tetracycline and Sulfonamide Resistance Genes in Salmonella spp.: Literature Review. Tetracyclines and sulfonamides are broad-spectrum antibacterial agents which have been used to treat bacterial infections for over half a century. The widespread use of tetracyclines and sulfonamides led to the emergence of resistance in a diverse group of bacteria. This resistance can be studied by searching for resistance genes present in the bacteria responsible for different resistance mechanisms. Salmonella is one of the leading bacteria causing foodborne diseases worldwide, and its resistance to tetracyclines and sulfonamides has been widely reported. The literature review searched the Virtual Health Library for articles with specific data in the studied samples: the resistance genes found, the primers used in PCR, and the thermocycler conditions. The results revealed that Salmonella presented high rates of resistance to tetracycline and sulfonamide, and the most frequent samples used to isolate Salmonella were poultry and pork. The tetracycline resistance genes most frequently detected from Salmonella spp. were tetA followed by tetB. The gene sul1 followed by sul2 were the most frequently sulfonamide resistance genes present in Salmonella. These genes are associated with plasmids, transposons, or both, and are often conjugative, highlighting the transference potential of these genes to other bacteria, environments, animals, and humans. | 2021 | 34827252 |
| 3399 | 4 | 0.9996 | Antibiotic-resistance and virulence genes in Enterococcus isolated from tropical recreational waters. The prevalence of enterococci harboring tetracycline- and vancomycin-resistance genes, as well as the enterococcal surface protein (esp) has mostly been determined in clinical settings, but their prevalence in tropical recreational waters remains largely unknown. The present study determined the prevalence of tetM (tetracycline-resistance), vanA and vanB (vancomycin-resistance) in the bacterial and viral fractions, enterococci and their induced phages isolated from tropical recreational marine and fresh waters, dry and wet sands. Since lysogenic phages can act as vectors for antibiotic-resistance and virulence factors, the prevalence of the mentioned genes, as well as that of an integrase-encoding gene (int) specific for Enterococcus faecalis phages was determined. Up to 60 and 54% of the bacterial fractions and enterococci, respectively, harbored at least one of the tested genes suggesting that bacteria in tropical environments may be reservoirs of antibiotic-resistance and virulence genes. int was detected in the viral fractions and in one Enterococcus isolate after induction. This study presents the opportunity to determine if the presence of bacteria harboring antibiotic-resistance and virulence genes in tropical recreational waters represents a threat to public health. | 2013 | 23981868 |
| 4596 | 5 | 0.9996 | Relationship between virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis. OBJECTIVES: This review summarizes the literature on the role of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes of Staphylococcus aureus in bovine mastitis, focusing on the association between these characteristics and their implications for public and animal health. CONCLUSIONS: There is the possibility of antimicrobial resistance gene exchange among different bacteria, which is of serious concern in livestock husbandry, as well as in the treatment of human staphylococcal infections. | 2020 | 32603906 |
| 3722 | 6 | 0.9996 | Antibiotic resistance in bacteria associated with coarse atmospheric particulate matter in an urban area. AIMS: To assess antibiotic resistance in airborne bacteria associated with coarse particulate matter (PM10) in an urban area, with specific considerations about the Staphylococcus genus. METHODS AND RESULTS: Disc diffusion test was performed on 243 microbial strains, isolated from PM10 in winter and summer and belonging to families Pseudomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae and genera Acinetobacter, Enterococcus and Staphylococcus. Staphylococci resistances were the most heterogeneous, being distributed among almost all tested antibiotics. Staphylococcus isolates resistant to some selected antibiotics were further investigated for the presence of the corresponding genetic determinants. Only tetK, which mediates the tetracycline resistance through the action of an efflux protein, was found in almost all resistant isolates. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of specific genetic determinants makes their transmission among staphylococci less likely. This may reduce the theoretical risk associated with the inhalation of airborne micro-organisms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: Although the spreading of antibiotic resistant micro-organisms is of particular concern in clinical settings, the origin of antibiotic resistance genes can be traced in natural environments. As behaviour, viability and transport of bacteria in the atmospheric compartment suffer from a lack of information, the evaluation of the actual risk posed by airborne micro-organisms to human health is still challenging. | 2011 | 21447020 |
| 4593 | 7 | 0.9996 | Origin, evolution and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. Comparison of resistance genes from different sources support the hypothesis that the antibiotic-producing microorganisms are the source of resistant determinants present in clinical isolates. There is also evidence that Gram-positive cocci (staphylococci and streptococci) can serve as a reservoir of resistance genes for Gram-negative bacteria. | 1987 | 2856426 |
| 3951 | 8 | 0.9996 | Diversity and genetic lineages of environmental staphylococci: a surface water overview. Antimicrobial resistance in the environmental dimension is one of the greatest challenges and emerging threats. The presence of resistant bacteria and resistance genes in the environment, especially in aquatic systems, has been a matter of growing concern in the past decade. Monitoring the presence of antimicrobial resistance species, in this particular case, Staphylococcus spp., in natural water environments could lead to a better understanding of the epidemiology of staphylococci infections. Thus, the investigation of natural waters as a potential reservoir and vehicle for transmission of these bacteria is imperative. Only a few studies have investigated the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and genetic lineages of staphylococci in natural waters. Those studies reported a high diversity of staphylococci species and lineages in surface waters. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus were relatively prevalent in surface waters and, as expected, often presented a multidrug-resistant profile. There was a high diversity of S. aureus lineages in surface waters. The presence of S. aureus CC8 and CC5 suggests a human origin. Among the coagulase-negative staphylococci, the most frequently found in natural waters was S. warneri and S. epidermidis. These studies are extremely important to estimate the contribution of the aquatic environment in the spread of pathogenic bacteria. | 2020 | 32949464 |
| 4792 | 9 | 0.9996 | Antibiotic resistance in the staphylococci. There has been much interest in the media, international as well as national, on the potential for the development of "superbugs' by which is usually meant pathogenic bacteria resistant to all available antibiotics. Two of the genera most often thought to fall into this category are the staphylococci (MRSA or Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and the enterococci (VRE or Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci) and although this article concentrates on the staphylococci the two share much in the way of transmissible genes. | 1997 | 9161125 |
| 3696 | 10 | 0.9996 | Assessment of Tetracyclines Residues and Tetracycline Resistant Bacteria in Conventional and Organic Baby Foods. Children are very vulnerable to bacterial infections and they are sometimes subject to antimicrobials for healing. The presence of resistance genes may counteract effects of antimicrobials. This work has thereby compared the amount of tetracycline resistance genes, tet(A) and tet(B), between conventional and organic meat-based or vegetable-based baby foods and used the quantification of these genes to assess the presence of tetracycline residues in these samples. Counts of bacteria harboring the tet(A) gene were higher than those containing tet(B), and there was no difference between the organic and the conventional samples. Samples with detectable amounts of tetracycline residues were also positive for the presence of tet genes, and when the presence of the genes was not detected, the samples were also negative for the presence of residues. The percentages of tetracycline residues were higher in organic samples than in conventional ones. It cannot be concluded that organic formulas are safer than conventional ones for the studied parameters. | 2015 | 28231206 |
| 4484 | 11 | 0.9996 | A Review of the Impact of Streptococcal Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance on Human Health. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS), and Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) are bacteria that can cause a range of infections, some of them life-threatening. This review examines the spread of antibiotic resistance and its mechanisms against antibiotics for streptococcal infections. Data on high-level penicillin-resistant invasive pneumococci have been found in Brazil (42.8%) and Japan (77%). The resistance is caused by mutations in genes that encode penicillin-binding proteins. Similarly, GAS and GBS strains reported from Asia, the USA, and Africa have undergone similar transformations in PBPs. Resistance to major alternatives of penicillins, macrolides, and lincosamides has become widespread among pneumococci and streptococci, especially in Asia (70-95%). The combination of several emm types with erm(B) is associated with the development of high-level macrolide resistance in GAS. Major mechanisms are ribosomal target modifications encoded by erm genes, ribosomal alterations, and active efflux pumps that regulate antibiotic entry due to mefA/E and msrD genes. Tetracycline resistance for streptococci in different countries varied from 22.4% in the USA to 83.7/100% in China, due to tet genes. Combined tetracycline/macrolide resistance is usually linked with the insertion of ermB into the transposon carrying tetM. New quinolone resistance is increasing by between 11.5 and 47.9% in Asia and Europe. The mechanism of quinolone resistance is based on mutations in gyrA/B, determinants for DNA gyrase, or parC/E encoding topoisomerase IV. The results for antibiotic resistance are alarming, and urgently call for increased monitoring of this problem and precautionary measures for control to prevent the spread of resistant mutant strains. | 2024 | 38667036 |
| 4111 | 12 | 0.9996 | Antibiotic resistance in oral commensal streptococci from healthy Mexicans and Cubans: resistance prevalence does not mirror antibiotic usage. Antibiotic resistance genes might be maintained by selection pressures different from those which are responsible for initially selecting resistant bacteria. This possibility was suggested from a comparison of oral commensal streptococci isolated from healthy people not taking antibiotics. Resistance frequencies were similar for organisms from Mexico and Cuba despite significant differences in antibiotic usage in these two countries. Resistance to > or = 4 drugs was far more common in Mexico, the only detectable trend that can be related to the higher use of antibiotics in Mexico. If resistance is not uniquely maintained by antibiotics, then other environmental factors must also be at work. These need to be identified if a strategy to control antibiotic resistance is to be successful. | 2002 | 12480100 |
| 4606 | 13 | 0.9996 | Bacteriophages Isolated from Chicken Meat and the Horizontal Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes. Antimicrobial resistance in microbes poses a global and increasing threat to public health. The horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes was thought to be due largely to conjugative plasmids or transposons, with only a minor part being played by transduction through bacteriophages. However, whole-genome sequencing has recently shown that the latter mechanism could be highly important in the exchange of antimicrobial resistance genes between microorganisms and environments. The transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes by phages could underlie the origin of resistant bacteria found in food. We show that chicken meat carries a number of phages capable of transferring antimicrobial resistance. Of 243 phages randomly isolated from chicken meat, about a quarter (24.7%) were able to transduce resistance to one or more of the five antimicrobials tested into Escherichia coli ATCC 13706 (DSM 12242). Resistance to kanamycin was transduced the most often, followed by that to chloramphenicol, with four phages transducing tetracycline resistance and three transducing ampicillin resistance. Phages able to transduce antimicrobial resistance were isolated from 44% of the samples of chicken meat that we tested. The statistically significant (P = 0.01) relationship between the presence of phages transducing kanamycin resistance and E. coli isolates resistant to this antibiotic suggests that transduction may be an important mechanism for transferring kanamycin resistance to E. coli. It appears that the transduction of resistance to certain antimicrobials, e.g., kanamycin, not only is widely distributed in E. coli isolates found on meat but also could represent a major mechanism for resistance transfer. The result is of high importance for animal and human health. | 2015 | 25934615 |
| 3405 | 14 | 0.9996 | Practical implications of erythromycin resistance gene diversity on surveillance and monitoring of resistance. Use of antibiotics in human and animal medicine has applied selective pressure for the global dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therefore, it is of interest to develop strategies to mitigate the continued amplification and transmission of resistance genes in environmental reservoirs such as farms, hospitals and watersheds. However, the efficacy of mitigation strategies is difficult to evaluate because it is unclear which resistance genes are important to monitor, and which primers to use to detect those genes. Here, we evaluated the diversity of one type of macrolide antibiotic resistance gene (erm) in one type of environment (manure) to determine which primers would be most informative to use in a mitigation study of that environment. We analyzed all known erm genes and assessed the ability of previously published erm primers to detect the diversity. The results showed that all known erm resistance genes group into 66 clusters, and 25 of these clusters (40%) can be targeted with primers found in the literature. These primers can target 74%-85% of the erm gene diversity in the manures analyzed. | 2018 | 29346541 |
| 4804 | 15 | 0.9996 | Mechanism of antimicrobial resistance and resistance transfer in anaerobic bacteria. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of anaerobic bacteria has been changing over the past decade. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which these organisms have become resistant to selected antibiotics and reviews data demonstrating that Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium perfringens possess systems for transferring resistance determinants. Within bacteroides there is widespread resistance to penicillins, cephalosporins and tetracycline compounds while there have been reports of resistance to clindamycin and cefoxitin, and there is rare resistance reported for chloramphenicol and metronidazole. Transfer of resistance to penicillin, tetracycline and clindamycin has been demonstrated in bacteroides, while transfer of tetracycline resistance has been documented in clostridia. | 1982 | 6300995 |
| 4793 | 16 | 0.9996 | Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Oral Cavity: Implications for Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Surveillance. The oral cavity harbors a multitude of commensal flora, which may constitute a repository of antibiotic resistance determinants. In the oral cavity, bacteria form biofilms, and this facilitates the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes through horizontal gene transfer. Recent reports indicate high methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage rates in the oral cavity. Establishment of MRSA in the mouth could be enhanced by the wide usage of antibiotic prophylaxis among at-risk dental procedure candidates. These changes in MRSA epidemiology have important implications for MRSA preventive strategies, clinical practice, as well as the methodological approaches to carriage studies of the organism. | 2020 | 33402829 |
| 4751 | 17 | 0.9996 | Emerging antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Their treatment in total joint arthroplasty. Successful treatment of an infected total joint arthroplasty can be achieved in approximately 90% of cases. This outcome may be jeopardized by the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria common to these infections. Staphylococci are the most frequently isolated bacteria in total joint infections, and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in these organisms among all nosocomial and community-acquired infections has been increasing. As many as 46.7% of Staphylococcus aureus strains and 85.7% of coagulase-negative staphylococci strains are methicillin-resistant. Enterococci also are commonly isolated from infected total joint arthroplasties. The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci among all enterococci strains is estimated at 23%. As the prevalence of these resistant bacteria continues to increase among all infections, it is anticipated that they will be encountered more regularly in total joint infections. Knowledge of the mechanisms of resistance of these bacteria and currently available and newly developed antimicrobials is key to preventing the expansion of antimicrobial resistance and ensuring the future successful treatment of total joint infections. | 1999 | 10611866 |
| 3943 | 18 | 0.9996 | Quinolone resistance in the food chain. Antimicrobials are used in pet animals and in animal husbandry for prophylactic and therapeutic reasons and also as growth promoters, causing selective pressure on bacteria of animal origin. The impact of quinolones or quinolone-resistant bacteria on the management of human infections may be associated with three different scenarios. (i) Quinolone-resistant zoonotic bacterial pathogens are selected and food is contaminated during slaughter and/or preparation. (ii) Quinolone-resistant bacteria non-pathogenic to humans are selected in the animal. When the contaminated food is ingested, the bacteria may transfer resistance determinants to other bacteria in the human gut (commensal and potential pathogens). And (iii) quinolones remain in residues of food products, which may allow the selection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria after the food is consumed. In this review, we analyse the abovementioned aspects, emphasising the molecular basis of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. | 2008 | 18308515 |
| 4591 | 19 | 0.9996 | Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in Streptococci Isolated from Human and Animal Clinical Specimens. Recently, the phenomenon of infection of humans as hosts by animal pathogens has been increasing. Streptococcus is an example of a genus in which bacteria overcome the species barrier. Therefore, monitoring infections caused by new species of human pathogens is critical to their spread. Seventy-five isolates belonging to streptococcal species that have recently been reported as a cause of human infections with varying frequency, were tested. The aim of the study was to determine the drug resistance profiles of the tested strains, the occurrence of resistance genes and genes encoding the most important streptococcal virulence factors. All tested isolates retained sensitivity to β-lactam antibiotics. Resistance to tetracyclines occurred in 56% of the tested strains. We have detected the MLS(B) type resistance (cross-resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B) in 20% of the tested strains. 99% of the strains had tetracycline resistance genes. The erm class genes encoding MLS(B) resistance were present in 47% of strains. Among the strains with MLS(B) resistance, 92% had the streptokinase gene, 58% the streptolysin O gene and 33% the streptolysin S gene. The most extensive resistance concerned isolates that accumulated the most traits and genes, both resistance genes and virulence genes, increasing their pathogenic potential. Among the tested strains, the gene encoding streptokinase was the most common. The results of the prove that bacteria of the species S. uberis, S. dysgalactiae and S. gallolyticus are characterized by a high pathogenic potential and can pose a significant threat in case of infection of the human body. | 2023 | 37256427 |