Transfer dynamics of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacteria. - Related Documents




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400101.0000Transfer dynamics of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative bacteria. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in gram-negative bacteria (GNBs) is a significant global health concern, exacerbated by mobile genetic elements (MGEs). This review examines the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within and between different species of GNB facilitated by MGEs, focusing on the roles of plasmids and phages. The impact of non-antibiotic chemicals, environmental factors affecting ARG transfer frequency, and underlying molecular mechanisms of bacterial resistance evolution are also discussed. Additionally, the study critically assesses the impact of fitness costs and compensatory evolution driven by MGEs in host organisms, shedding light on the transfer frequency of ARGs and host evolution within ecosystems. Overall, this comprehensive review highlights the factors and mechanisms influencing ARG movement among diverse GNB species and underscores the importance of implementing holistic One-Health strategies to effectively address the escalating public health challenges associated with AMR.202439306135
670210.9999Reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in the context of One Health. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and resistant bacteria, are a global public health challenge. Through horizontal gene transfer, potential pathogens can acquire antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) that can subsequently be spread between human, animal, and environmental reservoirs. To understand the dissemination of ARGs and linked microbial taxa, it is necessary to map the resistome within different microbial reservoirs. By integrating knowledge on ARGs in the different reservoirs, the One Health approach is crucial to our understanding of the complex mechanisms and epidemiology of AMR. Here, we highlight the latest insights into the emergence and spread of AMR from the One Health perspective, providing a baseline of understanding for future scientific investigations into this constantly growing global health threat.202336913905
400020.9999Biofilms as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in vulnerable settings. Antimicrobial resistance is a major global health threat, characterized by the ability of microorganisms to withstand the effects of antimicrobial agents. Biofilms, as unique microbial communities, significantly contribute to this threat. They provide a protective environment for pathogens, facilitate horizontal gene transfer, and create an ideal setting for the persistence and evolution of resistant bacteria. This issue can be particularly important in low-income settings and vulnerable communities, such as formal and informal refugee and migrant camps. These settings usually have limited access to healthcare resources and appropriate treatments, contributing to the selective pressure that promotes the survival and proliferation of resistant bacteria. Thus, biofilms formed in wastewater in these areas can play a critical role in spreading antimicrobial resistance or acting as hidden reservoirs for future outbreaks. While emerging efforts focus on detecting antibiotic resistance genes and planktonic bacteria in wastewater, biofilms may be a source of under-appreciated antimicrobial resistance, creating a significant gap in our understanding of resistance dynamics in wastewater systems. Incorporating biofilm surveillance into wastewater monitoring strategies in vulnerable settings can help develop a more comprehensive understanding of resistance transmission and more effective intervention measures in these settings.202540190753
651530.9999Environmental antimicrobial resistance and its drivers: a potential threat to public health. Imprudent and overuse of clinically relevant antibiotics in agriculture, veterinary and medical sectors contribute to the global epidemic increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR). There is a growing concern among researchers and stakeholders that the environment acts as an AMR reservoir and plays a key role in the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Various drivers are contributing factors to the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their ARGs either directly through antimicrobial drug use in health care, agriculture/livestock and the environment or antibiotic residues released from various domestic settings. Resistant micro-organisms and their resistance genes enter the soil, air, water and sediments through various routes or hotspots such as hospital wastewater, agricultural waste or wastewater treatment plants. Global mitigation strategies primarily involve the identification of high-risk environments that are responsible for the evolution and spread of resistance. Subsequently, AMR transmission is affected by the standards of infection control, sanitation, access to clean water, access to assured quality antimicrobials and diagnostics, travel and migration. This review provides a brief description of AMR as a global concern and the possible contribution of different environmental drivers to the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria or ARGs through various mechanisms. We also aim to highlight the key knowledge gaps that hinder environmental regulators and mitigation strategies in delivering environmental protection against AMR.202134454098
670440.9999Gut microbiota research nexus: One Health relationship between human, animal, and environmental resistomes. The emergence and rapid spread of antimicrobial resistance is of global public health concern. The gut microbiota harboring diverse commensal and opportunistic bacteria that can acquire resistance via horizontal and vertical gene transfers is considered an important reservoir and sink of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In this review, we describe the reservoirs of gut ARGs and their dynamics in both animals and humans, use the One Health perspective to track the transmission of ARG-containing bacteria between humans, animals, and the environment, and assess the impact of antimicrobial resistance on human health and socioeconomic development. The gut resistome can evolve in an environment subject to various selective pressures, including antibiotic administration and environmental and lifestyle factors (e.g., diet, age, gender, and living conditions), and interventions through probiotics. Strategies to reduce the abundance of clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria and their resistance determinants in various environmental niches are needed to ensure the mitigation of acquired antibiotic resistance. With the help of effective measures taken at the national, local, personal, and intestinal management, it will also result in preventing or minimizing the spread of infectious diseases. This review aims to improve our understanding of the correlations between intestinal microbiota and antimicrobial resistance and provide a basis for the development of management strategies to mitigate the antimicrobial resistance crisis.202338818274
400850.9999Impacts of mobile genetic elements on antimicrobial resistance genes in gram-negative pathogens: Current insights and genomic approaches. Antimicrobial resistance threatens to take 10 million lives per year by 2050. It is a recognised global health crisis and understanding the historic and current spread of resistance determinants is important for informing surveillance and control measures. The 'inheritance' of resistance is difficult to track because horizontal transfer is common. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) spread rapidly between bacteria, plasmids and chromosomes due to different mobile genetic elements (MGEs). This movement can increase the range of species carrying an ARG, simplify acquisition of multi-resistance, or otherwise alter the selective advantage associated with carriage of the ARG. MGE activity is therefore a significant factor in understanding routes of ARG dissemination. Characterising the combinations of MGEs contributing to the movement of individual ARGs is crucial. Each MGE category has unique genetic characteristics, and distinct impacts on the location and expression of associated ARGs. Here, the ways in which MGEs can meaningfully associate with ARGs are discussed. Approaches for extracting information about MGE associations from bacterial genome sequences are also considered. Accurate and informative annotations of the genetic contexts of relevant ARGs provide crucial insight into the presence of MGEs and their locations relative to ARGs. Combining this genomic information with knowledge about relevant biological processes allows more accurate conclusions to be drawn about transmission and dissemination of ARGs.202641005125
651760.9998The Contribution of Wastewater to the Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment: Implications of Mass Gathering Settings. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the major issue posing a serious global health threat. Low- and middle-income countries are likely to be the most affected, both in terms of impact on public health and economic burden. Recent studies highlighted the role of resistance networks on the transmission of AMR organisms, with this network being driven by complex interactions between clinical (e.g., human health, animal husbandry and veterinary medicine) and other components, including environmental factors (e.g., persistence of AMR in wastewater). Many studies have highlighted the role of wastewater as a significant environmental reservoir of AMR as it represents an ideal environment for AMR bacteria (ARB) and antimicrobial resistant genes (ARGs) to persist. Although the treatment process can help in removing or reducing the ARB load, it has limited impact on ARGs. ARGs are not degradable; therefore, they can be spread among microbial communities in the environment through horizontal gene transfer, which is the main resistance mechanism in most Gram-negative bacteria. Here we analysed the recent literature to highlight the contribution of wastewater to the emergence, persistence and transmission of AMR under different settings, particularly those associated with mass gathering events (e.g., Hajj and Kumbh Mela).202032106595
651470.9998Review of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes within the one health framework. Background: The interdisciplinary One Health (OH) approach recognizes that human, animal, and environmental health are all interconnected. Its ultimate goal is to promote optimal health for all through the exploration of these relationships. Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a public health challenge that has been primarily addressed within the context of human health and clinical settings. However, it has become increasingly evident that antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that confer resistance are transmitted and circulated within humans, animals, and the environment. Therefore, to effectively address this issue, antibiotic resistance must also be considered an environmental and livestock/wildlife problem. Objective: This review was carried out to provide a broad overview of the existence of ARB and ARGs in One Health settings. Methods: Relevant studies that placed emphasis on ARB and ARGs were reviewed and key findings were accessed that illustrate the importance of One Health as a measure to tackle growing public and environmental threats. Results: In this review, we delve into the complex interplay of the three components of OH in relation to ARB and ARGs. Antibiotics used in animal husbandry and plants to promote growth, treat, and prevent infectious diseases lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in animals. These bacteria are transmitted from animals to humans through food and environmental exposure. The environment plays a critical role in the circulation and persistence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes, posing a significant threat to human and animal health. This article also highlights how ARGs are spread in the environment through the transfer of genetic material between bacteria. This transfer can occur naturally or through human activities such as the use of antibiotics in agriculture and waste management practices. Conclusion: It is important to integrate the One Health approach into the public health system to effectively tackle the emergence and spread of ARB and genes that code for resistance to different antibiotics.202438371518
645980.9998Aquatic systems: maintaining, mixing and mobilising antimicrobial resistance? Bacteria showing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pose a significant global healthcare problem. Although many mechanisms conferring AMR are understood, the ecological processes facilitating its persistence and spread are less well characterised. Aquatic systems represent an important milieu for the environmental release, mixing, persistence and spread of AMR bacteria and resistance genes associated with horizontally transferable genetic elements. Additionally, owing to the use and discharge of antimicrobials and biocides, and the accumulation and abundance of other pollutants, mechanisms that confer AMR might evolve in aquatic systems. In this review, we hypothesise that aquatic systems have an important ecological and evolutionary role in driving the persistence, emergence and spread of AMR, which could have consequences when attempting to reduce its occurrence in clinical settings.201121458879
652490.9998Research and Technological Advances Regarding the Study of the Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Related to Animal Husbandry. The extensive use of antimicrobials in animal farms poses serious safety hazards to both the environment and public health, and this trend is likely to continue. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) are a class of emerging pollutants that are difficult to remove once introduced. Understanding the environmental transfer of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (ARB) and ARGs is pivotal for creating control measures. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the spread and detection of ARB and ARG pollution related to animal husbandry. Molecular methods such as high-throughput sequencing have greatly enriched the information about ARB communities. However, it remains challenging to delineate mechanisms regarding ARG induction, transmission, and tempo-spatial changes in the whole process, from animal husbandry to multiple ecosystems. As a result, future research should be more focused on the mechanisms of ARG induction, transmission, and control. We also expect that future research will rely more heavily on metagenomic -analysis, metatranscriptomic sequencing, and multi-omics technologies.201931817253
4003100.9998Antibiotic resistance: Global health crisis and metagenomics. Antibiotic resistance is a global problem which affects human health. The imprudent use of antibiotics (medicine, agriculture, aquaculture, and food industry) has resulted in the broader dissemination of resistance. Urban wastewater & sewage treatment plants act as the hotspot for the widespread of antimicrobial resistance. Natural environment also plays an important role in the dissemination of resistance. Mapping of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGS) in environment is essential for mitigating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) widespread. Therefore, the review article emphasizes on the application of metagenomics for the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance. Metagenomics is the next generation tool which is being used for cataloging the resistome of diverse environments. We summarize the different metagenomic tools that can be used for mining of ARGs and acquired AMR present in the metagenomic data. Also, we recommend application of targeted sequencing/ capture platform for mapping of resistome with higher specificity and selectivity.202133732632
4005110.9998Metagenomic-based surveillance systems for antibiotic resistance in non-clinical settings. The success of antibiotics as a therapeutic agent has led to their ineffectiveness. The continuous use and misuse in clinical and non-clinical areas have led to the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and its genetic determinants. This is a multi-dimensional problem that has now become a global health crisis. Antibiotic resistance research has primarily focused on the clinical healthcare sectors while overlooking the non-clinical sectors. The increasing antibiotic usage in the environment - including animals, plants, soil, and water - are drivers of antibiotic resistance and function as a transmission route for antibiotic resistant pathogens and is a source for resistance genes. These natural compartments are interconnected with each other and humans, allowing the spread of antibiotic resistance via horizontal gene transfer between commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Identifying and understanding genetic exchange within and between natural compartments can provide insight into the transmission, dissemination, and emergence mechanisms. The development of high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies has made antibiotic resistance research more accessible and feasible. In particular, the combination of metagenomics and powerful bioinformatic tools and platforms have facilitated the identification of microbial communities and has allowed access to genomic data by bypassing the need for isolating and culturing microorganisms. This review aimed to reflect on the different sequencing techniques, metagenomic approaches, and bioinformatics tools and pipelines with their respective advantages and limitations for antibiotic resistance research. These approaches can provide insight into resistance mechanisms, the microbial population, emerging pathogens, resistance genes, and their dissemination. This information can influence policies, develop preventative measures and alleviate the burden caused by antibiotic resistance.202236532424
4026120.9998Gut microbiome in the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens. The human gastrointestinal tract is home to a complex and dynamic community of microorganisms known as gut microbiota, which provide the host with important metabolic, signaling, and immunomodulatory functions. Both the commensal and pathogenic members of the gut microbiome serve as reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARG), which can cause potential health threats to the host and can transfer the ARGs to the susceptible microbes and into the environment. Antimicrobial resistance is becoming a major burden on human health and is widely recognized as a global challenge. The diversity and abundance of ARGs in the gut microbiome are variable and depend on the exposure to healthcare-associated antibiotics, usage of antibiotics in veterinary and agriculture, and the migration of the population. The transfer frequency of the ARGs through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) with the help of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) like plasmids, transposons, or phages is much higher among bacteria living in the GI tract compared to other microbial ecosystems. HGT in gut bacteria is facilitated through multiple gene transfer mechanisms, including transformation, conjugation, transduction, and vesicle fusion. It is the need of the hour to implement strict policies to limit indiscriminate antibiotic usage when needed. Developing rapid diagnostic tests for resistance determination and alternatives to antibiotics like vaccination, probiotics, and bacteriophage therapy should have the highest priority in the research and development sectors. Collective actions for sustainable development against resistant pathogens by promoting endogenous gut microbial growth and diversity through interdisciplinary research and findings are key to overcoming the current antimicrobial resistance crisis.202236280316
4097130.9998Gain and loss of antibiotic resistant genes in multidrug resistant bacteria: One Health perspective. The emergence of multidrug resistance (MDR) has become a global health threat due to the increasing unnecessary use of antibiotics. Multidrug resistant bacteria occur mainly by accumulating resistance genes on mobile genetic elements (MGEs), made possible by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Humans and animal guts along with natural and engineered environments such as wastewater treatment plants and manured soils have proven to be the major reservoirs and hotspots of spreading antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). As those environments support the dissemination of MGEs through the complex interactions that take place at the human-animal-environment interfaces, a growing One Health challenge is for multiple sectors to communicate and work together to prevent the emergence and spread of MDR bacteria. However, maintenance of ARGs in a bacterial chromosome and/or plasmids in the environments might place energy burdens on bacterial fitness in the absence of antibiotics, and those unnecessary ARGs could eventually be lost. This review highlights and summarizes the current investigations into the gain and loss of ARG genes in MDR bacteria among human-animal-environment interfaces. We also suggest alternative treatments such as combinatory therapies or sequential use of different classes of antibiotics/adjuvants, treatment with enzyme-inhibitors, and phage therapy with antibiotics to solve the MDR problem from the perspective of One Health issues.202133877574
4094140.9998Impact of environment on transmission of antibiotic-resistant superbugs in humans and strategies to lower dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotics are the most efficient type of therapy developed in the twentieth century. From the early 1960s to the present, the rate of discovery of new and therapeutically useful classes of antibiotics has significantly decreased. As a result of antibiotic use, novel strains emerge that limit the efficiency of therapies in patients, resulting in serious consequences such as morbidity or mortality, as well as clinical difficulties. Antibiotic resistance has created major concern and has a greater impact on global health. Horizontal and vertical gene transfers are two mechanisms involved in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through environmental sources such as wastewater treatment plants, agriculture, soil, manure, and hospital-associated area discharges. Mobile genetic elements have an important part in microbe selection pressure and in spreading their genes into new microbial communities; additionally, it establishes a loop between the environment, animals, and humans. This review contains antibiotics and their resistance mechanisms, diffusion of ARGs, prevention of ARG transmission, tactics involved in microbiome identification, and therapies that aid to minimize infection, which are explored further below. The emergence of ARGs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) is an unavoidable threat to global health. The discovery of novel antimicrobial agents derived from natural products shifts the focus from chemical modification of existing antibiotic chemical composition. In the future, metagenomic research could aid in the identification of antimicrobial resistance genes in the environment. Novel therapeutics may reduce infection and the transmission of ARGs.202337589876
4006150.9998Targeting Plasmids to Limit Acquisition and Transmission of Antimicrobial Resistance. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global threat to both public health and the environment. The emergence and expansion of AMR is sustained by the enormous diversity and mobility of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). Different mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer (HGT), including conjugation, transduction, and transformation, have facilitated the accumulation and dissemination of ARGs in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. This has resulted in the development of multidrug resistance in some bacteria. The most clinically significant ARGs are usually located on different mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that can move intracellularly (between the bacterial chromosome and plasmids) or intercellularly (within the same species or between different species or genera). Resistance plasmids play a central role both in HGT and as support elements for other MGEs, in which ARGs are assembled by transposition and recombination mechanisms. Considering the crucial role of MGEs in the acquisition and transmission of ARGs, a potential strategy to control AMR is to eliminate MGEs. This review discusses current progress on the development of chemical and biological approaches for the elimination of ARG carriers.202032435238
6468160.9998Impact of anthropogenic activities on the dissemination of antibiotic resistance across ecological boundaries. Antibiotics are considered to be one of the major medical breakthroughs in history. Nonetheless, over the past four decades, antibiotic resistance has reached alarming levels worldwide and this trend is expected to continue to increase, leading some experts to forecast the coming of a 'post-antibiotic' era. Although antibiotic resistance in pathogens is traditionally linked to clinical environments, there is a rising concern that the global propagation of antibiotic resistance is also associated with environmental reservoirs that are linked to anthropogenic activities such as animal husbandry, agronomic practices and wastewater treatment. It is hypothesized that the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) within and between environmental microbial communities can ultimately contribute to the acquisition of antibiotic resistance in human pathogens. Nonetheless, the scope of this phenomenon is not clear due to the complexity of microbial communities in the environment and methodological constraints that limit comprehensive in situ evaluation of microbial genomes. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding antibiotic resistance in non-clinical environments, specifically focusing on the dissemination of antibiotic resistance across ecological boundaries and the contribution of this phenomenon to global antibiotic resistance.201728258226
6518170.9998The role of aquatic ecosystems as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance. Although antibiotic resistance has become a major threat to human health worldwide, this phenomenon has been largely overlooked in studies in environmental settings. Aquatic environments may provide an ideal setting for the acquisition and dissemination of antibiotic resistance, because they are frequently impacted by anthropogenic activities. This review focuses primarily on the emergence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance in the aquatic environment, with a special emphasis on the role of antibiotic resistance genes.201424289955
6523180.9998Antibiotic resistant genes in the environment-exploring surveillance methods and sustainable remediation strategies of antibiotics and ARGs. Antibiotic Resistant Genes (ARGs) are an emerging environmental health threat due to the potential change in the human microbiome and selection for the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. The rise of antibiotic resistant bacteria has caused a global health burden. The WHO (world health organization) predicts a rise in deaths due to antibiotic resistant infections. Since bacteria can acquire ARGs through horizontal transmission, it is important to assess the dissemination of antibioticresistant genes from anthropogenic sources. There are several sources of antibiotics, antibiotic resistant bacteria and genes in the environment. These include wastewater treatment plants, landfill leachate, agricultural, animal industrial sources and estuaries. The use of antibiotics is a worldwide practice that has resulted in the evolution of resistance to antibiotics. Our review provides a more comprehensive look into multiple sources of ARG's and antibiotics rather than one. Moreover, we focus on effective surveillance methods of ARGs and antibiotics and sustainable abiotic and biotic remediation strategies for removal and reduction of antibiotics and ARGs from both terrestrial and aquatic environments. Further, we consider the impact on public health as this problem cannot be addressed without a global transdisciplinary effort.202236037921
6520190.9998Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment: Towards Elucidating the Roles of Bioaerosols in Transmission and Detection of Antibacterial Resistance Genes. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is continuing to grow across the world. Though often thought of as a mostly public health issue, AMR is also a major agricultural and environmental problem. As such, many researchers refer to it as the preeminent One Health issue. Aerial transport of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria via bioaerosols is still poorly understood. Recent work has highlighted the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in bioaerosols. Emissions of AMR bacteria and genes have been detected from various sources, including wastewater treatment plants, hospitals, and agricultural practices; however, their impacts on the broader environment are poorly understood. Contextualizing the roles of bioaerosols in the dissemination of AMR necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. Environmental factors, industrial and medical practices, as well as ecological principles influence the aerial dissemination of resistant bacteria. This article introduces an ongoing project assessing the presence and fate of AMR in bioaerosols across Canada. Its various sub-studies include the assessment of the emissions of antibiotic resistance genes from many agricultural practices, their long-distance transport, new integrative methods of assessment, and the creation of dissemination models over short and long distances. Results from sub-studies are beginning to be published. Consequently, this paper explains the background behind the development of the various sub-studies and highlight their shared aspects.202235884228